Unit 3 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
【学习目标】
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要语言点的基本用法。(语言能力)
2.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化所学语言点,并学以致用。(学习能力)
【自主预习】
Step 1 单词认读
拓展单词
1. vt.影响;侵袭;使感染→ adj.令人感动的→ adj.受感动的;感染的→ adv.令人感动地→ n.喜爱;感情;影响
2. vt.感染(疾病);与……订立合同→ adj.契约(或合同)的;依据契约(或合同)的 → adv.按照契约(或合同) → n.订约人;承包商
3. vt.找到;发现;确认;认出;显示;说明身份→ n.验明;认出;身份证明
4. vi.& vt.联系;使有联系;叙述;讲述→ adj.有关的;有亲属关系的→ n.关系;亲属→ adj.相对的;相比较而言的
5. vt.限制;约束;限定→ adj.有限的;受限制的→ n.限制;约束→ adj.限制性的
6. vt.(尤指以法令)禁止;使不可能→ n.禁令;禁止→ n.禁止令拥护者→ adj.禁止的;贵得买不起的→ adv.(价格或费用)高昂得令人难以承受
7. vt.& vi.讨论;辩论;仔细考虑;思考 n.讨论;争论;辩论→ adj.有争议的→ n.争论者
8. vt.配备;使有能力→ n.装备;设备
9. vi.专门研究(或从事);专攻→ adj.特别的;重要的;特设的;专用的;特有的 n.特别活动;特价→ n.专业化;专门化→ adj.专用的;专业的
10. vt.使不安;打扰;搅乱→ n.扰乱;不安;动乱→ adj.心理失常的
11. vt.& vi.调整;调节;适应;习惯;整理→ n.调整;调节→ adj.可调整的;可调节的
12. adj.实心的;固体的;结实的;纯色的→ adv.坚固地;结实地;一致地;连续地→ v.(使)变为固体;(使)变硬
13. adj.十分严重的;极为恶劣的;严厉的;艰难的→ adv.严重地;困难地;严厉地;简朴地 → n.严重;严厉;苛刻;剧烈;朴素
14. vt.滥用;虐待;辱骂 n.滥用;虐待;辱骂→ adj.辱骂的→ adv.咒骂地
答案 1.affect;affecting;affected;affectingly;affection 2.contract;contractual;contractually;contractor 3.identify;identification 4.relate;related;relation;relative 5.restrict;restricted;restriction;restrictive 6.prohibit;prohibition;prohibitionist;prohibitive;prohibitively 7.debate;debatable;debater 8.equip;equipment 9.specialize;special;specialization;specialized 10.disturb;disturbance;disturbed 11.adjust;adjustment;adjustable 12.solid;solidly;solidify 13.severe;severely;severity 14.abuse;abusive;abusively
构词规律
adj.+-ty→ n. v.+-ance→ n.
severe→severity 严重;严厉;苛刻 dense→density 稠密;密集;密度 sincere→sincerity 真诚;真挚 active→activity 活动;活跃 disturb→disturbance 扰乱;不安;动乱 rely→reliance 依赖;依靠;信任 persevere→perseverance 毅力;韧性 appear→appearance 外貌;外观;出现
Step 2 短语记诵
1. 对……充满兴奋
2. 在……中起到关键作用
3. 解决;算出;想出
4. 与……有联系
5. 束缚于;捆绑于
6. 根据;按照;据……所说
7.determine our lifespan
8.develop at a fast pace
9.contain genetic information
10.enhance the chance of
答案 1.be full of excitement about 2.play a critical role in 3.figure out 4.be connected with
5.be tied to 6.according to 7.决定我们的寿命长短 8.快速发展 9.包含遗传信息 10.增加……的概率
Step 3 佳句赏析
1.Ultimately,this new technology might even make it possible to prevent diseases from ever developing by correcting abnormal genes early on.(it作形式宾语)
翻译 最终,这项新技术甚至有可能通过早期纠正异常基因来预防患病。
仿写 The schedule the proposals as soon as possible.
时间表明确表示要尽快实施这些建议。
2.We have to figure out how to keep the technology from running wild.(“特殊疑问词+to do”结构作宾语)
翻译 我们必须弄清楚如何防止这一技术失控。
仿写 I don't know .
我不知道该如何向父母解释这件事。
3.Scientists say that locating these sixteen genetic markers will greatly improve their understanding of how genes affect lifespans.(动词-ing形式作主语)
翻译 科学家说,定位这16个遗传标记将大大增进他们对基因如何影响寿命的理解。
仿写 is a good hobby,which can enrich our lives.
集邮是一个很好的爱好,可以丰富我们的生活。
答案 1.made it clear to carry out 2.how to explain it to my parents 3.Collecting stamps
【合作探究】
新知探究
解析教材
(仅供教师参考)
The future is in our genes
Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you all for coming to this lecture. Over the course of my career, I have seen many wonderful scientific developments, but none are as game-changing as genome editing(1). I am full of excitement about the possibilities this scientific advance can bring(2) and I hope to share my excitement with you today.
As many of you may already know(3), genes play a critical role in shaping our lives. Everything from the colour of our eyes to our talent for maths depends on genes. The complete set of genes inside a cell or a living being is called a genome. Our own personal genome carries all the information needed to make us grow and develop(4). It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases(5). Some people, for example, carry a gene that makes them more likely to catch a certain virus or develop a particular form of cancer.
我们的基因决定了未来
女士们,先生们,下午好!谢谢大家来听这个讲座。在我的职业生涯中,我见证了许多了不起的科学发展,但没有一个能像基因组编辑那样具有颠覆性。我对这一科学进步能带来的可能性感到万分激动,我希望今天能与你们分享我激动的心情。
你们很多人可能已经知道,基因在塑造我们的人生方面起着至关重要的作用。从眼睛的颜色到我们的数学天赋,一切都取决于基因。基因组是指一个细胞或一个生物内的一整套基因。我们的个人基因组携带着我们成长和发展所需的所有信息。它还包含了有助于决定我们寿命长短和影响我们患某些疾病概率的信息。例如,有些人携带着一种让他们更有可能感染某种病毒或患上某种特殊形式的癌症的基因。
【助读点拨】
(1)此处but是并列连词,表示转折。
(2)此处为省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句,修饰先行词the possibilities。
(3)此处为as引导的非限制性定语从句。
(4)此处为动词-ed形式作后置定语。
(5)此处为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词information。
Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases(6), as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention. It allows geneticists to make changes to the genome by correcting, adding, deleting or replacing specific parts of the genetic material(7). In the near future, geneticists hope to apply this technology to treat a wide range of health problems. Soon we may be able to
遗传学家一直试图找出哪些基因与哪些疾病有关,因为他们认为基因组编辑是治疗和预防疾病的一种有效手段。基因组编辑允许遗传学家通过纠正、增加、删除或替换遗传物质的特定部分来对基因组进行修改。在不久的将来,遗传学家希望将这项技术应用于治疗各种各样的
use such treatments to restore a blind person's vision or give someone who was born deaf an excellent sense of hearing. Ultimately, this new technology might even make it possible to prevent diseases from ever developing by correcting abnormal genes early on(8). Genome editing, serving as a new weapon in the fight against diseases, will lead to a fundamental change in our approach to health care.
健康问题。也许我们很快就能利用这些疗法来恢复盲人的视力,或者让先天性耳聋的人拥有敏锐的听力。最终,这项新技术甚至有可能通过早期纠正异常基因来预防患病。基因组编辑作为对抗疾病的新武器,将给我们的医疗保健手段带来重大变革。
【助读点拨】
(6)此处为which引导的宾语从句。
(7)介词by后接动词-ing形式。
(8)此处it 为形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。
As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace, however, questions arise about how to use it appropriately. Should we restrict our use of this technology to the treatment and prevention of diseases Should we prohibit geneticists from using it to enhance healthy bodies One day soon we will be able to use genome editing to increase the human resistance to colds and flus, to make people taller, to help their muscles develop faster, to sharpen all of their senses or to make them more intelligent. We will be able to select specific characteristics for children before they are born, creating what some have called “designer babies”(9). However, is this a good thing What consequences might it have Philosophers, geneticists and government officials have all started to wrestle with such moral issues. We have to figure out how to keep the technology from running wild(10). This means putting appropriate controls in place to make sure that genome editing will work to our advantage(11). Without them, genome editing could be as dangerous as a car out of control.
There is still much to be explored and debated on the subject of genome editing(12).Despite the public argument over this technology, its possibilities have been creating much excitement throughout the entire medical community and beyond. Without doubt, genome editing is one of the greatest inventions in the history of science. Thank you for listening.
然而,随着这一技术不断迅速发展,出现了如何合理使用它的问题。我们是否应该将这种技术的使用限制在治疗和预防疾病方面 我们是否应该禁止遗传学家使用它来使健康的身体更加强健 不久的将来,我们将能够使用基因组编辑来增强人类对感冒和流感的抵抗力,使人类长得更高,帮助人类肌肉更快发育,提高人类所有感官的敏锐程度,或使人类更加聪明。我们将能够在孩子出生前为他们选择特定的特征,创造一些被称为“设计婴儿”的孩子。然而,这是一件好事吗 可能会有什么后果呢 哲学家、遗传学家和政府官员都已开始全力解决这样的道德问题。我们必须弄清楚如何防止这一技术失控。这意味着适当的管制要准备到位,以确保基因组编辑会对我们有利。如果没有适当的管制措施,基因组编辑可能会像失控的汽车一样危险。
在基因组编辑这个话题上还有很多有待探索和讨论的地方。虽然公众对这项技术争论不一,但是其可能性一直使医学界内外的人们感到非常兴奋。毫无疑问,基因组编辑是科学史上最伟大的创新之一。谢谢大家的聆听。
【助读点拨】
(9)此处为动词-ing形式作结果状语。
(10)此处为“特殊疑问词+to do”结构作动词短语figure out的宾语。
(11)此处是that引导的宾语从句。
(12)此处为动词不定式的被动式作后置定语,修饰前面的much。
核 心 单 词
知识点1 affect vt.影响;侵袭;使感染;深深打动 *effect n.结果;效力;影响;效果;作用
(P30)It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases.
它还包含了有助于决定我们寿命长短和影响我们患某些疾病概率的信息。
知识拓展
affect appearance 影响外观
be affected with 患有(疾病)
be affected by 受到……的影响;被……深深打动
经典佳句
The disease can affect many organs of the body.
这种疾病会影响身体的许多器官。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)These dark dots (affect) the appearance of that dress, so Jenny didn't buy it.
(2)I wish he wouldn't have been affected that disease.
Ⅱ.句型转换
(3)Great scientific achievements will .(affect v.)
=Great scientific achievements will (effect n.).
重大的科技成果将对我们的生活产生很大的影响。
答案 (1)affected (2)with (3)greatly affect our lives; have a great effect on our lives
知识点2 contract vt.感染(疾病);与……订立合同(或契约) n.合同;合约
(P30)It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases.
它还包含了有助于决定我们寿命长短和影响我们患某些疾病概率的信息。
知识拓展
contract sb to (do) sth 使某人签约(做)某事
contract to do sth 签约做某事
contract (with) sb for sth 与某人签订……合同
enter into/make/sign a contract (with sb) (与某人)签订合同
terminate a contract (with sb) (与某人)终止合同
break a contract (with sb) (对某人)违约
经典佳句
You are required to pay accommodation fees for the full period of the residency contract.
你需要支付整个居住合同期间的住宿费。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)He has a Hollywood film studio.
他与好莱坞的一家制片厂签订了七年的合同。
(2) before you sign it.There may be unreasonable parts in these treaties.
签署合同前要仔细阅读,这些条约里可能有不合理的部分。
答案 (1)signed/entered into/made a seven-year contract with (2)Read the contract carefully
知识点3 identify vt.找到;发现;确认;认出;显示;说明身份 *identification n.鉴定;识别;认同;身份证明
(P30)Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.
遗传学家一直试图找出哪些基因与哪些疾病有关,因为他们认为基因组编辑是治疗和预防疾病的一种有效手段。
知识拓展
identify sb/sth as sb/sth 证明某人/某事物是……
identify sb with sth 把某人视为……
identify with sb 与某人有同感
identify sth with sth 认为某物等同于某物
identify oneself 证明自己(的身份)
be identified with sb/sth 支持;与……有密切联系
identification card=identity card 身份证
经典佳句
Thousands of distinct African words coming from various West African languages have been identified by linguists.
语言学家们已经辨认出数千个来自各种西非语言的确定无误的非洲文字。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)The police asked him to show his identity card (identify) whether he was the attacker.
(2)The ship (identify) yesterday, and its name and position were reported to the Coast Guard.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)(2023·湖南长沙模拟)According to the new policy, people could and have to take responsibility for their words.
根据新政策,人们将在网上建立自己的身份, 为自己的言行负责。
答案 (1)to identify (2)was identified (3)identify themselves online
知识点4 relate v.联系;使有联系;叙述;讲述 *relation n.关系;联系;亲属 *relationship n.关系;关联 *relative adj.相对的;相比较而言的
(P30)Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.
遗传学家一直试图找出哪些基因与哪些疾病有关,因为他们认为基因组编辑是治疗和预防疾病的一种有效手段。
知识拓展
relate to 涉及;有关
relate sth to sth 把……联系起来
relate sth to sb 给某人讲述某事
be related to 与……有关/有联系
经典佳句
I found it difficult to relate the two ideas in my mind.
我觉得很难把这两种想法联系在一起。
名师点拨
表示“与……有关联”的常用表达:
be associated with...
get/be involved in...
be connected with...
be linked to...
融会应用
单句填空
(1)She (relate) how he had run away from home as a boy.
(2)If you relate the results the cause, you will find things are not that simple.
答案 (1)related (2)to
知识点5 means n.(pl. means)方法;方式;财富;钱财
(P30)Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.
遗传学家一直找出确定哪些基因与哪些疾病有关,因为他们认为基因组编辑是治疗和预防疾病的一种有效手段。
知识拓展
a means of communication 一种通讯/交流工具
by this means 通过这种方法
by means of... 用……办法;借助……
by no means 决不;一点也不
图解释义
Helen is climbing the mountain by means of an alpenstock.
海伦正在借助登山杖爬山。
名师点拨
(1)表示做某事的方法, means后常接of doing sth, 一般不接动词不定式。
(2)by no means置于句首时, 句子需要部分倒装。
(3)means表示“方式”“方法”“手段”时, 单复数同形。若all/some/several/many means作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式; 若every/each/one/a means作主语, 谓语动词用单数形式。
融会应用
Ⅰ.选词填空(by means of/by this means/by no means)
(1) , he turned our attention to what was good in life.
(2)It is certain that we'll finish the project by June.
(3)She tried to explain sign language.
Ⅱ.一句多译
(4)所有可能的方法都试过了,但没有一种有效。
→ ,but none has worked.
→ ,but none has worked.
答案 (1)By this means (2)by no means
(3)by means of (4)Every possible means has been tried;All possible means have been tried
知识点6 restore vt.恢复;修复;使复原;使复位 *restoration n.恢复;复位;归还
(P31)Soon we may be able to use such treatments to restore a blind person's vision or give someone who was born deaf an excellent sense of hearing.
也许我们很快就能利用这些疗法来恢复盲人的视力,或者让先天性耳聋的人拥有敏锐的听力。
知识拓展
restore sb to sth 使某人恢复到某种状态
restore sth to sb 把某物归还给某人
restore one's sight 恢复视力
restore order/peace 恢复秩序/和平
经典佳句
I sincerely hope that the doctors can restore you to full health.
我真诚地希望医生能够让你恢复健康。
易混辨析
restore和recover的辨析:
restore 侧重回到之前的状态,或恢复某种乐观情绪,也可指恢复建筑、书画等具体的旧物 The church was carefully restored after the war. 战后教堂得到了精心修复。
recover 侧重从伤痛或糟糕的经历中恢复过来,也可以指恢复能力、知觉、活动能力等 It took him a few minutes to recover consciousness. 过了几分钟他才恢复知觉。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)The army has recently been brought in (restore) order.
(2)His visit is expected to lead to the (restore) of diplomatic relations.
(3)We will restore her health, but it may take time.
答案 (1)to restore (2)restoration (3)to
知识点7 fundamental adj.十分重大的;根本的;基础的;基本的 *fundamentally adv.基本上;根本上 *fundament n.基础
(P31)Genome editing, serving as a new weapon in the fight against diseases, will lead to a fundamental change in our approach to health care.
基因组编辑作为对抗疾病的新武器,将给我们的医疗保健手段带来重大变革。
知识拓展
be fundamental to 对……是必要的;对……是根本的
fundamental difference 根本区别
fundamental change 根本变化
熟词生义
fundamental n.基本规律;根本法则;基础
He taught me the fundamentals of the job.
他教给了我这项工作的基本知识。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)A (fundament) human right is being taken away from these people.
(2)He believes better relations with China are fundamental the well-being of the area.
(3)He disagreed (fundamental) with the president's judgment.
(4)I'll talk about the importance of these (fundamental).
答案 (1)fundamental (2)to (3)fundamentally (4)fundamentals
知识点8 pace n.发生的速度;节奏;快节奏;步伐 v.来回踱步;走来走去;确定速度;调整节奏
(P31)As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace, however, questions arise about how to use it appropriately.
然而,随着这一技术不断迅速发展,出现了如何合理使用它的问题。
知识拓展
keep pace with 跟上;与……并驾齐驱;与……步调一致
set the pace 领先;起带头作用;定速度
at a steady/fast/slow pace 以稳定的/快的/慢的速度
at one's (own) pace 以某人自己的速度/节奏
pace up and down 来回踱步
经典佳句
She found it hard to keep pace with him as he strode off.
他大步走开了,她感到很难跟上他。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)If you ask the fastest runner to , then most of them will be left behind.
如果你让跑得最快的人来定速度,那么他们中的大多数都将落后。
(2)We must the new development of modern scientific research.
我们必须跟上现代科学研究的新发展。
(3)The computer will give students the opportunity to learn .
计算机将给予学生们按照自己的速度学习的机会。
答案 (1)set the pace (2)keep pace with (3)at their own pace
知识点9 arise vi.(arose, arisen)发生;出现;(由……)引起;(因……)产生
(P31)As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace, however, questions arise about how to use it appropriately.
然而,随着这一技术不断迅速发展,出现了如何合理使用它的问题。
知识拓展
arise from/out of... 由……引起;由……产生
经典佳句
Emotional problems can arise from a physical cause, so it is very important to stay physically healthy.
身体不适可引起情绪问题,所以保持身体健康很重要。
易混辨析
arise、 rise和raise的辨析:
单词 词性 意思
arise 不及物动词 出现;发生;由……产生
rise 不及物动词 升起;上升;提高;增长
raise 及物动词 提升;举起;饲养;抚养;提出
融会应用
用arise、rise、raise的正确形式填空
(1)This is a problem out of the lack of communication.
(2)The book many important issues for our consideration.
(3)The river by several metres so far.
答案 (1)arising (2)raises (3)has risen
知识点10 restrict vt.限制;约束;限定;束缚;妨碍;约束;管束 *restriction n.限制;约束 *restricted adj.有限制的 *restrictive adj.限制性的
(P31)Should we restrict our use of this technology to the treatment and prevention of diseases
我们是否应该将这种技术的使用限制在治疗和预防疾病方面
知识拓展
restrict sth to... 将……限制为……
restrict oneself/sb to (doing) sth 限制自己/某人做某事
be restricted to sb/sth 仅限于某人/某物
trade/travel restrictions 贸易/旅行限制
impose/place restrictions on sth 对某事物进行限制/约束
经典佳句
The cramped living conditions severely restricted the children's freedom to play, so in future we will restrict class sizes to 20 students.
拥挤的居住条件严重限制了孩子们玩耍的自由,所以将来我们会把每个班的学生人数限定在 20 人。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)They had decided to restrict university entry about 30 percent of applicants.
(2)For the next two weeks, patients (restrict) to the grounds.
(3)Since the costs of science were rising faster than inflation, some (restrict) on funding were necessary.
答案 (1)to (2)will be restricted (3)restrictions
知识点11 prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止;使不可能 *prohibition n.禁令;禁律;禁止;阻止
(P31)Should we prohibit geneticists from using it to enhance healthy bodies
我们是否应该禁止遗传学家使用它来使健康的身体更加强健
知识拓展
prohibit sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事
prohibit doing sth 禁止做某事
经典佳句
Private cars are prohibited in this tourist spots, so the transportation is all electric buses.
这个旅游景点禁止私家车驶入, 所以交通工具都是电动公共汽车。
名师点拨
其他“动词+sb from doing sth”结构的短语:
stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
spare sb from doing sth 使某人免于做某事
protect sb from doing sth 保护某人免于
融会应用
单句填空
(1)The policy prohibits (smoke) on school grounds.
(2)They (prohibit) from revealing details about the candidates.
(3)The proposals also include a (prohibit) on the use of live facial recognition technology on crowds of people in public places.
答案 (1)smoking (2)are prohibited (3)prohibition
知识点12 debate vi.& vt.讨论;辩论;仔细考虑;思考 n.讨论;争论;辩论
(P31)There is still much to be explored and debated on the subject of genome editing.
在基因组编辑这个话题上还有很多有待探索和争论的地方。
知识拓展
debate about/over/on... 就……进行辩论
debate with sb about sth 和某人讨论某事
under debate 正在讨论中
hold a debate 举行一场辩论
a debate about/over/on 一场有关……的辩论
图解释义
There is a heated debate between the two men.
两个男士之间正在进行一场激烈的辩论。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)One of the questions debate over education in many colleges is whether education is a lifetime study.
(2)They debated for an hour the advantages and disadvantages of the plan.
(3)We must debate the question with the rest of the members.
Ⅱ.一句多译
(4)他们就是否实施这个计划进行了激烈的辩论。
→They whether to carry out the plan.
→They whether to carry out the plan.
答案 (1)under (2)about/on/over (3)about/over/on (4)debated heatedly about/over/on;had a heated debate about/over/on
短 语 句 式
知识点13 it 作形式宾语
(P31)Ultimately, this new technology might even make it possible to prevent diseases from ever developing by correcting abnormal genes early on.
最终,这项新技术甚至有可能通过早期纠正异常基因来预防患病。
知识拓展
本句中的it 作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。
it作形式宾语时,常替代动词不定式或宾语从句,其结构为“主语+谓语动词+it+adj./n.+to do sth/that...”,偶尔也替代动词-ing形式。常用于此结构的及物动词有believe、feel、find、make、consider、think、suppose、regard等。
He thinks it important that we try to do some housework after school.
他认为我们放学后试着做一些家务是重要的。
I take it for granted that parents should do everything for me.
我想当然地认为父母应该为我做好一切。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)They to work with us Chinese.
他们发现与我们中国人一起工作很愉快。
(2)I don't to understand the English story.
我觉得理解这个英语故事并不难。
(3)Our teacher never to talk in class.
我们老师立下一个规矩,课堂上不能随意讲话。
答案 (1)found it pleasant (2)feel it difficult (3)makes it a rule
【随堂检测】
夯实基础
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.He was not the “tough guy” the public (identify) him with.
2.These problems are closely (relate).
3.Access to the club is (restrict) to members only.
4.As they waited, Kravis (pace) the room nervously.
5.Fishing is (prohibit) in this area.
6.Scientists were (debate) whether an asteroid was about to hit the Earth.
答案 1.identified 2.related 3.restricted 4.paced 5.prohibited 6.debating
Ⅱ.语法填空
As many of you may already know, genes play a critical role 1. shaping our lives.It also 2. (contain) information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of 3. (contract) certain diseases.
Geneticists have been trying 4. (identify) which genes relate 5. which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease 6. (treat) and prevention.It 7. (allow) geneticists to make 8. (change) to the genome by correcting, adding, deleting or replacing specific parts of the genetic material.In the near future, geneticists hope to apply this technology to treat 9. wide range of health problems.
Genome editing,10. (serve) as a new weapon in the fight against diseases,will lead to a fundamental change in our approach to health care.
答案 1.in 2.contains 3.contracting 4.to identify 5.to 6.treatment 7.allows 8.changes
9.a 10.serving
衔接高考
单句填空
1.(2022·浙江1月)The United States rose global power on the strength of its technology, and the lifeblood that technology has long been electricity.
2.(2023·四省适应性考试)“People care about being interrupted, and those small interruptions can have a massive (affect) on the overall communication, ” Hilton said.
3.(2021·全国甲)It was built originally to protect the city in the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely (restore).
4.(2023·浙江1月)The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social (relate).
5.(2021·全国乙)Indeed, old age for them, and many old Americans can mean not only the possible failure of one's health, but the loss of (identify) and self-worth.
6.(2021·天津)Nowadays many people travel across China by means high-speed trains.
答案 1.to 2.effect 3.restored 4.relations 5.identity 6.of
2(共57张PPT)
UNIT 3 Fit for life
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要语言点的基本用法。（语言能力）
2.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化所学语言点，并学以致用。（学习能力）
拓展单词
1.______ vt.影响；侵袭；使感染→_________adj.令人感动的→________ adj.受感动的；
感染的→__________adv.令人感动地→_________n.喜爱；感情；影响
affect
affecting
affected
affectingly
affection
2.________vt.感染（疾病）；与……订立合同→___________adj.契约（或合同）的；
依据契约（或合同）的 →____________ adv.按照契约（或合同） →__________ n.订
约人；承包商
contract
contractual
contractually
contractor
3.________vt.找到；发现；确认；认出；显示；说明身份→ ____________n.验明；认
出；身份证明
identify
identification
4.______ vi.& vt.联系；使有联系；叙述；讲述→_______adj.有关的；有亲属关系的→
________ n.关系；亲属→ ________adj.相对的；相比较而言的
relate
related
relation
relative
5._______ vt.限制；约束；限定→ _________adj.有限的；受限制的→ __________n.限
制；约束→__________adj.限制性的
restrict
restricted
restriction
restrictive
6.________vt.（尤指以法令）禁止；使不可能→___________n.禁令；禁止
→____________n.禁止令拥护者→__________adj.禁止的；贵得买不起的
→____________ adv.（价格或费用）高昂得令人难以承受
prohibit
prohibition
prohibitionist
prohibitive
prohibitively
7._______vt.& vi.讨论；辩论；仔细考虑；思考 n.讨论；争论；辩论→_________ adj.
有争议的→________n.争论者
debate
debatable
debater
8.______vt.配备；使有能力→__________n.装备；设备
equip
equipment
9.__________vi.专门研究（或从事）；专攻→_______adj.特别的；重要的；特设的；
专用的；特有的 n.特别活动；特价→_____________n.专业化；专门化
→___________adj.专用的；专业的
specialize
special
specialization
specialized
10._______vt.使不安；打扰；搅乱→___________ n.扰乱；不安；动乱→_________
adj.心理失常的
disturb
disturbance
disturbed
11.______vt.& vi.调整；调节；适应；习惯；整理→__________n.调整；调节
→__________ adj.可调整的；可调节的
adjust
adjustment
adjustable
12.______ adj.实心的；固体的；结实的；纯色的→_______adv.坚固地；结实地；一致
地；连续地→________v.（使）变为固体；（使）变硬
solid
solidly
solidify
13._______ adj.十分严重的；极为恶劣的；严厉的；艰难的→________adv.严重地；困
难地；严厉地；简朴地 →________n.严重；严厉；苛刻；剧烈；朴素
severe
severely
severity
14.______vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂 n.滥用；虐待；辱骂→ ________adj.辱骂的→
_________adv.咒骂地
abuse
abusive
abusively
构词规律
adj.+-ty→ n. v.+-ance→ n.
severe→severity 严重；严厉；苛刻 dense→density 稠密；密集；密度 sincere→sincerity 真诚；真挚 active→activity 活动；活跃 disturb→disturbance 扰乱；不安；动乱
rely→reliance 依赖；依靠；信任
persevere→perseverance 毅力；韧性
appear→appearance 外貌；外观；出现
1._________________________对……充满兴奋
be full of excitement about
2.____________________在……中起到关键作用
play a critical role in
3.__________解决；算出；想出
figure out
4._________________与……有联系
be connected with
5.__________束缚于；捆绑于
be tied to
6.____________根据；按照；据……所说
according to
7.determine our lifespan____________________
决定我们的寿命长短
8.develop at a fast pace__________
快速发展
9.contain genetic information______________
包含遗传信息
10.enhance the chance of________________
增加……的概率
1.Ultimately,this new technology might even make it possible to prevent diseases from
ever developing by correcting abnormal genes early on.（it作形式宾语）
翻译 最终,这项新技术甚至有可能通过早期纠正异常基因来预防患病。
仿写 The schedule ________________________the proposals as soon as possible.
时间表明确表示要尽快实施这些建议。
made it clear to carry out
2.We have to figure out how to keep the technology from running wild.（“特殊疑问
词+to do”结构作宾语）
翻译 我们必须弄清楚如何防止这一技术失控。
仿写 I don't know______________________________.
我不知道该如何向父母解释这件事。
how to explain it to my parents
3.Scientists say that locating these sixteen genetic markers will greatly improve their
understanding of how genes affect lifespans.（动词-ing形式作主语）
翻译 科学家说,定位这16个遗传标记将大大增进他们对基因如何影响寿命的理解。
仿写 _________________is a good hobby,which can enrich our lives.
集邮是一个很好的爱好,可以丰富我们的生活。
Collecting stamps
核心单词
知识点1 affect vt.影响；侵袭；使感染；深深打动 ＊effect 结果；效力；影响；效果；作用
（P30）It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases.
它还包含了有助于决定我们寿命长短和影响我们患某些疾病概率的信息。
知识拓展
affect appearance 影响外观
be affected with 患有（疾病）
be affected by 受到……的影响；被……深深打动
经典佳句
The disease can affect many organs of the body.
这种疾病会影响身体的许多器官。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）These dark dots ________（affect） the appearance of that dress, so Jenny
didn't buy it.
affected
（2）I wish he wouldn't have been affected_____that disease.
with
Ⅱ.句型转换
（3）Great scientific achievements will _____________________ .（affect v.）
=Great scientific achievements will _____________________________（effect n.）.
重大的科技成果将对我们的生活产生很大的影响。
greatly affect our lives
have a great effect on our lives
知识点2 contract vt.感染（疾病）；与……订立合同（或契约） n.合同；合约
（P30）It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases.
它还包含了有助于决定我们寿命长短和影响我们患某些疾病概率的信息。
知识拓展
contract sb to （do） sth 使某人签约（做）某事
contract to do sth 签约做某事
contract （with） sb for sth 与某人签订……合同
enter into/make/sign a contract （with sb） （与某人）签订合同
terminate a contract （with sb） （与某人）终止合同
break a contract （with sb） （对某人）违约
经典佳句
You are required to pay accommodation fees for the full period of the residency contract.
你需要支付整个居住合同期间的住宿费。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）He has ______________________________________________a Hollywood film
studio.
他与好莱坞的一家制片厂签订了七年的合同。
signed/entered into/made a seven-year contract with
（2）_________________________before you sign it. There may be unreasonable
parts in these treaties.
签署合同前要仔细阅读，这些条约里可能有不合理的部分。
Read the contract carefully
知识点3 identify vt.找到；发现；确认；认出；显示；说明身份 ＊identification n.鉴定；识别；认同；身份证明
（P30）Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases， as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.
遗传学家一直试图找出哪些基因与哪些疾病有关，因为他们认为基因组编辑是治疗和预防疾病的一种有效手段。
知识拓展
identify sb/sth as sb/sth 证明某人/某事物是……
identify sb with sth 把某人视为……
identify with sb 与某人有同感
identify sth with sth 认为某物等同于某物
identify oneself 证明自己（的身份）
be identified with sb/sth 支持；与……有密切联系
identification card=identity card 身份证
经典佳句
Thousands of distinct African words coming from various West African languages have been identified by linguists.
语言学家们已经辨认出数千个来自各种西非语言的确定无误的非洲文字。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）The police asked him to show his identity card __________（identify） whether
he was the attacker.
to identify
（2）The ship _____________（identify） yesterday, and its name and position were
reported to the Coast Guard.
was identified
Ⅱ.单句写作
（3）（2023·湖南长沙模拟）According to the new policy, people could
________________________ and have to take responsibility for their words.
根据新政策，人们将在网上建立自己的身份, 为自己的言行负责。
identify themselves online
知识点4 relate v.联系；使有联系；叙述；讲述 ＊relation n.关系；联系；亲属 ＊relationship n.关系；关联 ＊relative adj.相对的；相比较而言的
（P30）Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases， as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention．
遗传学家一直试图找出哪些基因与哪些疾病有关，因为他们认为基因组编辑是治疗和预防疾病的一种有效手段。
知识拓展
relate to 涉及；有关
relate sth to sth 把……联系起来
relate sth to sb 给某人讲述某事
be related to 与……有关/有联系
经典佳句
I found it difficult to relate the two ideas in my mind.
我觉得很难把这两种想法联系在一起。
名师点拨
表示“与……有关联”的常用表达：
be associated with...
get/be involved in...
be connected with...
be linked to...
融会应用 单句填空
（1）She _______（relate） how he had run away from home as a boy.
related
（2）If you relate the results___ the cause， you will find things are not that simple．
to
知识点5 means n.（pl. means）方法；方式；财富；钱财
（P30）Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases， as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.
遗传学家一直找出确定哪些基因与哪些疾病有关，因为他们认为基因组编辑是治疗和预防疾病的一种有效手段。
知识拓展
a means of communication 一种通讯/交流工具
by this means 通过这种方法
by means of... 用……办法；借助……
by no means 决不；一点也不
图解释义
Helen is climbing the mountain by means of an alpenstock.
海伦正在借助登山杖爬山。
名师点拨
（1）表示做某事的方法, means后常接of doing sth, 一般不接动词不定式。
（2）by no means置于句首时, 句子需要部分倒装。
（3）means表示“方式”“方法”“手段”时, 单复数同形。若all/some/several/many means作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式； 若every/each/one/a means作主语, 谓语动词用单数形式。
融会应用
Ⅰ.选词填空（by means of/by this means/by no means）
（1）______________， he turned our attention to what was good in life.
By this means
（2）It is _____________certain that we'll finish the project by June.
by no means
（3）She tried to explain ____________ sign language.
by means of
Ⅱ.一句多译
（4）所有可能的方法都试过了，但没有一种有效。
→_________________________________,but none has worked.
→________________________________,but none has worked.
Every possible means has been tried
All possible means have been tried
知识点6 restore vt.恢复；修复；使复原；使复位 ＊restoration n.恢复；复位；归还
（P31）Soon we may be able to use such treatments to restore a blind person's vision or give someone who was born deaf an excellent sense of hearing.
也许我们很快就能利用这些疗法来恢复盲人的视力,或者让先天性耳聋的人拥有敏锐的听力。
知识拓展
restore sb to sth 使某人恢复到某种状态
restore sth to sb 把某物归还给某人
restore one's sight 恢复视力
restore order/peace 恢复秩序/和平
经典佳句
I sincerely hope that the doctors can restore you to full health.
我真诚地希望医生能够让你恢复健康。
易混辨析
restore和recover的辨析：
restore 侧重回到之前的状态，或恢复某种乐观情绪，也可指恢复建筑、书画等具体
的旧物
The church was carefully restored after the war.
战后教堂得到了精心修复。
recover 侧重从伤痛或糟糕的经历中恢复过来，也可以指恢复能力、知觉、活动能力
等
It took him a few minutes to recover consciousness.
过了几分钟他才恢复知觉。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）The army has recently been brought in__________ （restore） order.
to restore
（2）His visit is expected to lead to the__________（restore） of diplomatic relations.
restoration
（3）We will restore her ___health， but it may take time.
to
知识点7 fundamental adj.十分重大的；根本的；基础的；基本的 ＊fundamentally adv.基本上；根本上 ＊fundament n.基础
（P31）Genome editing, serving as a new weapon in the fight against diseases, will lead to a fundamental change in our approach to health care.
基因组编辑作为对抗疾病的新武器，将给我们的医疗保健手段带来重大变革。
知识拓展
be fundamental to 对……是必要的；对……是根本的
fundamental difference 根本区别
fundamental change 根本变化
熟词生义
fundamental n.基本规律；根本法则；基础
He taught me the fundamentals of the job.
他教给了我这项工作的基本知识。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）A ____________（fundament） human right is being taken away from these
people.
fundamental
（2）He believes better relations with China are fundamental___ the well-being of the
area.
to
（3）He disagreed_____________（fundamental） with the president's judgment.
fundamentally
（4）I'll talk about the importance of these ____________（fundamental）.
fundamentals
知识点8 pace n.发生的速度；节奏；快节奏；步伐 v.来回踱步；走来走去；确定速度；调整节奏
（P31）As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace， however， questions arise about how to use it appropriately.
然而，随着这一技术不断迅速发展，出现了如何合理使用它的问题。
知识拓展
keep pace with 跟上；与……并驾齐驱；与……步调一致
set the pace 领先；起带头作用；定速度
at a steady/fast/slow pace 以稳定的/快的/慢的速度
at one's （own） pace 以某人自己的速度/节奏
pace up and down 来回踱步
经典佳句
She found it hard to keep pace with him as he strode off.
他大步走开了，她感到很难跟上他。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）If you ask the fastest runner to ____________, then most of them will be left
behind.
如果你让跑得最快的人来定速度，那么他们中的大多数都将落后。
set the pace
（2）We must _______________ the new development of modern scientific research.
我们必须跟上现代科学研究的新发展。
keep pace with
（3）The computer will give students the opportunity to learn _________________.
计算机将给予学生们按照自己的速度学习的机会。
at their own pace
知识点9 arise vi.（arose，arisen）发生；出现；（由……）引起；（因……）产生
（P31）As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace， however， questions arise about how to use it appropriately.
然而，随着这一技术不断迅速发展，出现了如何合理使用它的问题。
知识拓展
arise from/out of... 由……引起；由……产生
经典佳句
Emotional problems can arise from a physical cause, so it is very important to stay physically healthy.
身体不适可引起情绪问题，所以保持身体健康很重要。
易混辨析
arise、 rise和raise的辨析：
单词 词性 意思
arise 不及物动词 出现；发生；由……产生
rise 不及物动词 升起；上升；提高；增长
raise 及物动词 提升；举起；饲养；抚养；提出
融会应用 用arise、rise、raise的正确形式填空
（1）This is a problem _______ out of the lack of communication.
arising
（2）The book ______ many important issues for our consideration.
raises
（3）The river _________ by several metres so far.
has risen
知识点10 restrict vt.限制；约束；限定；束缚；妨碍；约束；管束 ＊restriction n.限制；约束 ＊restricted adj.有限制的 ＊restrictive adj.限制性的
（P31）Should we restrict our use of this technology to the treatment and prevention of diseases？
我们是否应该将这种技术的使用限制在治疗和预防疾病方面？
知识拓展
restrict sth to... 将……限制为……
restrict oneself/sb to （doing） sth 限制自己/某人做某事
be restricted to sb/sth 仅限于某人/某物
trade/travel restrictions 贸易/旅行限制
impose/place restrictions on sth 对某事物进行限制/约束
经典佳句
The cramped living conditions severely restricted the children's freedom to play， so in future we will restrict class sizes to 20 students.
拥挤的居住条件严重限制了孩子们玩耍的自由,所以将来我们会把每个班的学生人数限定在 20 人。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）They had decided to restrict university entry___about 30 percent of applicants.
to
（2）For the next two weeks, patients ________________（restrict） to the grounds.
will be restricted
（3）Since the costs of science were rising faster than inflation, some___________
（restrict） on funding were necessary.
restrictions
知识点11 prohibit vt.（尤指以法令）禁止；使不可能 ＊prohibition n.禁令；禁律；禁止；阻止
（P31）Should we prohibit geneticists from using it to enhance healthy bodies
我们是否应该禁止遗传学家使用它来使健康的身体更加强健
知识拓展
prohibit sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事
prohibit doing sth 禁止做某事
经典佳句
Private cars are prohibited in this tourist spots, so the transportation is all electric buses.
这个旅游景点禁止私家车驶入, 所以交通工具都是电动公共汽车。
名师点拨
其他“动词+sb from doing sth”结构的短语：
stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
spare sb from doing sth 使某人免于做某事
protect sb from doing sth 保护某人免于
融会应用 单句填空
（1）The policy prohibits_________（smoke） on school grounds.
smoking
（2）They _____________（prohibit） from revealing details about the candidates.
are prohibited
（3）The proposals also include a ___________（prohibit） on the use of live facial
recognition technology on crowds of people in public places.
prohibition
知识点12 debate vi.&vt.讨论；辩论；仔细考虑；思考 n.讨论；争论；辩论
（P31）There is still much to be explored and debated on the subject of genome editing.
在基因组编辑这个话题上还有很多有待探索和争论的地方。
知识拓展
debate about/over/on... 就……进行辩论
debate with sb about sth 和某人讨论某事
under debate 正在讨论中
hold a debate 举行一场辩论
a debate about/over/on 一场有关……的辩论
图解释义
There is a heated debate between the two men.
两个男士之间正在进行一场激烈的辩论。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）One of the questions ______debate over education in many colleges is whether
education is a lifetime study.
under
（2）They debated for an hour _____________the advantages and disadvantages of
the plan.
about/on/over
（3）We must debate _____________the question with the rest of the members.
about/over/on
Ⅱ.一句多译
（4）他们就是否实施这个计划进行了激烈的辩论。
→They ____________________________whether to carry out the plan.
→They _______________________________whether to carry out the plan.
debated heatedly about/over/on
had a heated debate about/over/on
短语句式
知识点13 it作形式宾语
（P31）Ultimately, this new technology might even make it possible to prevent diseases from ever developing by correcting abnormal genes early on.
最终,这项新技术甚至有可能通过早期纠正异常基因来预防患病。
知识拓展
本句中的it 作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。
it作形式宾语时,常替代动词不定式或宾语从句,其结构为“主语+谓语动词+it+adj./n.+to do sth/that...”,偶尔也替代动词-ing形式。常用于此结构的及物动词有believe、feel、find、make、consider、think、suppose、regard等。
He thinks it important that we try to do some housework after school.
他认为我们放学后试着做一些家务是重要的。
I take it for granted that parents should do everything for me.
我想当然地认为父母应该为我做好一切。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）They ________________to work with us Chinese.
他们发现与我们中国人一起工作很愉快。
found it pleasant
（2）I don't ______________to understand the English story.
我觉得理解这个英语故事并不难。
feel it difficult
（3）Our teacher _______________never to talk in class.
我们老师立下一个规矩，课堂上不能随意讲话。
makes it a rule
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.He was not the “tough guy” the public _________（identify） him with.
identified
2.These problems are closely_______（relate）.
related
3.Access to the club is_________（restrict） to members only.
restricted
4.As they waited, Kravis ______（pace） the room nervously.
paced
5.Fishing is__________（prohibit） in this area.
prohibited
6.Scientists were _________（debate） whether an asteroid was about to hit the Earth.
debating
Ⅱ.语法填空
As many of you may already know， genes play a critical role 1.___shaping our
lives. It also 2.________（contain） information that helps determine our lifespan and
affects our chances of 3.___________（contract） certain diseases.
Geneticists have been trying 4.__________（identify） which genes relate 5.___
which diseases， as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease
6._________（treat） and prevention. It 7._______（allow） geneticists to make
8.________（change） to the genome by correcting， adding， deleting or replacing
specific parts of the genetic material. In the near future， geneticists hope to apply
this technology to treat 9.___wide range of health problems.
in
contains
contracting
to identify
to
treatment
allows
changes
a
Genome editing,10.________（serve） as a new weapon in the fight against
diseases,will lead to a fundamental change in our approach to health care.
serving
单句填空
1.（2022·浙江1月）The United States rose___ global power on the strength of its
technology, and the lifeblood that technology has long been electricity.
to
2.（2023·四省适应性考试）“People care about being interrupted, and those small
interruptions can have a massive ______（affect） on the overall communication, ”
Hilton said.
effect
3.（2021·全国甲）It was built originally to protect the city in the Tang Dynasty and
has now been completely ________ （restore）.
restored
4.（2023·浙江1月）The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but
also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social _________
（relate）.
relations
5.（2021·全国乙）Indeed, old age for them, and many old Americans can mean not
only the possible failure of one's health, but the loss of ________（identify） and
self-worth.
identity
6.（2021·天津）Nowadays many people travel across China by means___ high-speed
trains.
of
