(共72张PPT)
UNIT 4 Living with technology
Section Ⅱ Learning about language
1.通过对教材的理解，了解重要词汇的基本用法。（语言能力）
2.通过导学案的套用，以练促学，巩固内化重要语言点，并学以致用。（学习能力）
拓展单词
1.________ vt.分析→_______n.分析者；化验员
analyse
analyst
2.________ vt.危及；对……构成威胁；威胁；恐吓→______n.威胁；恐吓；凶兆
→___________adj. 威胁的；恐吓的；阴沉沉的；乌云密布的
threaten
threat
threatening
3._____vt.敦促；催促；大力推荐；竭力主张；驱赶；鞭策 n.冲动；强烈的欲望
→_______adj. 紧急的；迫切的
urge
urgent
4.________ vt.需要；强烈要求n.要求；所需之物；需求；需要→___________adj.要求
高的
demand
demanding
5.___________ n.识别；认出；承认；认可；赞誉；赏识→_________vt.认出；承认；
接受；认可；赞赏→____________adj.容易认出的；易于识别的
recognition
recognize
recognizable
6.__________ n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的→____________ adv.两者
选一地→__________n.交替；轮换
alternative
alternatively
alternation
7.___________ n.分发；分送；分配；分布→_________vt.分配；分发
distribution
distribute
8._______ vt.预言；预告→___________adj. 可预料的→__________n. 预言；预测
predict
predictable
prediction
9._________ vt.& vi.减少；降低 n.减少；降低→________ v.增加；增长 n.增加；增多
decrease
increase
10._________ vt.& vi.断定；推断出；达成；订立；（使）结束；终止→__________
adj. 结论性的→__________n.结论；结束；推论
conclude
conclusive
conclusion
11._______ vt.使恼怒；使生气；打扰；骚扰→__________n. 生气；烦扰；令人生气的
事物→_________adj. 令人生气（烦恼）的
annoy
annoyance
annoying
构词规律
adj. +-ly→adv. v.+-able→adj.
initial→initially起初；首先 apparent→apparently显然；可见 careful→carefully小心地 recent→recently最近 predict→predictable可预料的
adjust→adjustable可调节的
exchange→exchangeable可交换的；可兑换的
suit→suitable适合的
1.____________提出
put forward
2._____________有能力做
be capable of
3.________简而言之
in short
4._____________……的选项
the option of
5.______________与……相比较
compared with
6.____________________________________变得越来越依赖……
become more and more dependent on...
7._________________敦促某人做某事
urge sb to do sth
8.science fiction__________
科幻小说
9.turn into reality__________
变成现实
10.a major breakthrough______________
一个重大突破
11.be applied in many fields__________________
可应用于许多领域
12.learn from the mistake__________________
从错误中吸取教训
13.growing concern________________
越来越多的关注
1.Whateverhappens， we need to make sure that facial recognition technology can be
trusted—or we will have to face the consequences. （whatever引导让步状语从句）
翻译 无论发生什么， 我们都需要确保面部识别技术是可信的， 否则我们将不得不面
对后果。
仿写 ______________， the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of
Central Asian traditions.
无论它是什么， 结果都是对最纯净的中亚传统的美好而生动的描述。
Whatever it is
2.In short， this technology is transforming the way we live.（the way作先行词后接
定语从句）
翻译 简而言之，这项技术正在改变我们的生活方式。
仿写 We have nothing but praise for___________________________________.对于他们
处理调查的方式我们唯有赞赏。
the way they handled the investigation
3.With machines like AlphaGo now capable of thinking and learning from their
mistakes， we are getting closer to the dividing line between humans and machines.
（with的复合结构）
翻译 随着像AlphaGo这样的机器现在能够从错误中思考和学习，我们正越来越接近人
类和机器之间的分界线。
仿写 She came into the room _________________because of cold.
她走进房间，鼻子冻得通红。
with her nose red
4.While AI enthusiasts promise us a bright future where intelligent robots will be
working to our advantage， these undoubted benefits also bring concerns and fears.
（while引导让步状语从句）
翻译 虽然人工智能爱好者向我们承诺一个光明的未来，到时智能机器人将对我们有利，
但是这些毋庸置疑的好处也带来了担忧和恐惧。
仿写 _________________________， I do not have much time available.
尽管我愿意帮忙，但是我没有多少时间。
While I am willing to help
5.It is clear that we are at a turning point in history. （It+be+adj.+that从句）
翻译 很明显， 我们正处在历史的转折点上。
仿写 __________________students develop an awareness of how the Internet can be
used.
重要的是学生逐渐懂得如何使用互联网。
It is important that
核心单词
知识点1 capacity n.领悟（或理解、办事）能力；容量；容积；职位；职责；生产量
（P44）Deep-learning AI has the capacity to analyse massive amounts of data through multiple layers， imitating the complex networks of the human brain.
深度学习人工智能能够通过多层分析大量数据，模拟人类大脑的复杂网络。
知识拓展
in one's capacity as 以……的资格/身份
capacity of/for ……的能力
have the capacity to do sth 有能力做……
intellectual capacity 智力
production capacity 生产力
经典佳句
The capacity of this cup is 2 liters.
这个杯子的容量是两升。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）The conference hall_______________________2，000.
这个会议大厅能坐2000人。
has a seating capacity of
（2）He ________________________ new ideas.
他有接受新想法的能力。
has the capacity to accept
（3）I attended the meeting _________________ chairman of the safety committee.
我是以安全委员会主席的身份参加这次会议的。
in my capacity as
知识点2 analyse vt.分析 ＊analyst n.分析者；化验师 ＊analysis n.分析；分析结果
（P44）Deep-learning AI has the capacity to analyse massive amounts of data through multiple layers， imitating the complex networks of the human brain.
深度学习人工智能能够通过多层分析大量数据，模拟人类大脑的复杂网络。
知识拓展
analyse data 分析数据
according to the analysis 根据分析
in the final/last analysis 归根结底；总之
analysis of sth 对……的分析
经典佳句
The team are working hard to analyse the problem so that they can find the best solution.
这个小组正在努力分析这个问题，以便找到最好的解决方法。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）The analysis___a problem is the starting point for its solution.
of
（2）Some________（analyse） estimate its current popularity at around ten per cent.
analysts
（3）As the botanical________（analyse） have shown us，all the fields around here
used to be part of a large shallow lake.
analyses
Ⅱ.单句写作
（4）（2023·湖南郴州模拟）We should __________________________ of this event.
我们应该分析这场事变的因果。
analyze the cause and effect
知识点3 breakthrough n.重大进展；突破 adj.突破性的
（P45）A major breakthrough in AI came in 1997， when Deep Blue， a chessplaying computer， beat the world chess champion Garry Kasparov.
1997年，人工智能才有了重大突破，当时弈棋机“深蓝”击败了国际象棋世界冠军加里·卡斯帕罗夫。
知识拓展
make/achieve a breakthrough 取得突破性进展
breakthrough point 突破点
breakthrough technology 突破性技术
经典佳句
Scientists are claiming a major breakthrough in the fight against cancer.
科学家们宣称攻克癌症已有重大突破。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）_________________________， majority of people are living a healthier and
longer life.
随着医学的突破， 大多数人活得更健康、更长寿。
With medical breakthroughs
（2）I want to be a scientist to ____________________________to save people's
lives.
我想成为一名科学家，取得一项科学突破，拯救人们的生命。
make a scientific breakthrough
（3）The good news that we ________________________ in oil exploration cheers us
up.
我们在石油勘探方面取得突破的好消息使我们振奋。
have made a breakthrough
（4）This is ______________________________ for us to understand his mind and
spirit structure.
这是我们理解他的思想和精神结构的重要突破点。
the important breakthrough point
知识点4 threaten vt.危及；对……构成威胁；威胁；恐吓 ＊threat n.威胁；恐吓
（P45）Would thinking machines work alongside humans or threaten the existence of humans
思维机器会和人类并肩作战，还是会威胁到人类的生存呢
知识拓展
threaten to do sth 威胁要做某事
threaten sb with sth 用某物威胁某人
threaten that... 威胁/恐吓……
be under threat of... 受到……威胁
make/issue a threat （against sb） （对某人）进行威胁
pose a threat （to sb/sth） （对某人或某物）构成威胁
图解释义
On Halloween， children would usually wear strange costumes， knock on their neighbours' doors and threaten them with “trick or treat”.
在万圣节，孩子们会穿上古怪的服装去敲邻居家的门，威胁他们说“不给糖就捣蛋”。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）The use of nuclear weapons is a horrible ______（threaten） to human beings.
threat
（2）He didn't feel __________（threat） at the news of her succeeding in finishing
the work.
threatened
（3）He______________（threat） with dismissal if he continued to turn up late for
work.
was threatened
（4）The government had threatened ________（take） direct control of the network.
to take
知识点5 urge vt.敦促；催促；大力推荐；竭力主张；驱赶；鞭策 n.冲动；强烈的欲望 ＊urgent adj.紧急的；迫切的 ＊urgently adv.急切地 ＊urgency n.催促；紧急
（P45）As we become more and more dependent on computers， some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers posed by the advances in AI.
随着我们变得越来越依赖于电脑，一些科学家正敦促我们思考人工智能发展带来的危险。
知识拓展
urge sb to do sth 催促/力劝某人做某事
urge that... （should） do sth 极力主张/强调……做某事
经典佳句
Parents should actively urge their children to take advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams.
父母应该积极敦促他们的孩子利用这个机会参加运动队。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）We urged them _______（sort） out the problem sooner rather than later.
to sort
（2）We urge that you ________________（make） this settlement without delay.
（should） make
（3）I make an _______（urge） appeal that measures should be taken to cope with
the situation.
urgent
知识点6 pose vt.造成；产生；提问；质询 vi.摆好姿势 n.姿势
（P45）As we become more and more dependent on computers， some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers posed by the advances in AI.
随着我们变得越来越依赖于电脑，一些科学家正敦促我们思考人工智能发展带来的危险。
知识拓展
pose a threat/danger/risk 构成威胁/危险/风险
pose for sb/sth 为某人/某事摆好姿势
pose a question 提出问题（尤指需要仔细考虑的问题）
pose as sb 冒充某人
经典佳句
Global warming has posed a serious threat to the survival of animals such as polar bears.
全球变暖对北极熊等动物的生存构成了严重的威胁。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）After all， the animals aren't going to come and____________!
毕竟，动物们是不会来给我摆好姿势的!
pose for me
（2）I'm _________________， because I don't really have a good answer to that.
我来提出个问题，因为我也不知道如何回答。
posing a question
（3）However， this increase in communication can also________________employee
privacy.
然而，这种交流方式的日益广泛也给员工隐私带来危险。
pose a danger to
知识点7 warning n.警告；先兆；警戒 ＊warn v.警告；提醒注意
（P45）Apparently， such warnings demand our attention.
显然，这样的警告需要我们的关注。
知识拓展
warn sb of sth 警告某人某事
warn sb against （doing） sth 警告（使对……有所防备）
warn sb （not） to do sth 警告某人（不要）做某事
warn sb that...警告某人……
图解释义
The warning sign said “Danger： high voltage”.
警示牌上写着“高压危险”。
名师点拨
用于“v.+ sb of sth”结构的常用动词还有inform（通知）、 accuse（指控）、remind（提醒）、 cure（治愈）、 suspect（怀疑）等。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）They warned him___the dangers of sailing alone again and again but he
wouldn't listen.
of
（2）They warned people not________（keep） large amounts of cash in their homes.
to keep
知识点8 demand vt.需要；强烈要求 n.要求；所需之物；需求；需要 ＊demanding adj.苛求的；要求高的
（P45）Apparently， such warnings demand our attention.
显然，这样的警告需要我们的关注。
知识拓展
in demand 非常需要；急需
meet/satisfy one's demands 满足某人的需要
demand that... （should） do sth 要求……做某事（从句用虚拟语气）
经典佳句
Science graduates are in greater demand than arts ones in China.
在中国，对理科毕业生的需求比对文科生的更大。
名师点拨
除demand之外，后接宾语从句时常用虚拟语气的动词还有advise、suggest、desire、command、urge、order、require、prefer等。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）They were popular and ___ high demand， so the price shot up.
in
（2）This silence troubled the writer. He demanded that his friend _______________
（say） something about the play.
（should） say
Ⅱ.同义句改写
（3）He demanded to be told everything at any time.
→He demanded that he __________________ everything at any time.
（should） be told
知识点9 alternative n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的 ＊alternatively adv. 或者
（P47）It offers a quick and cool alternative to traditional passwords， and you cannot forget your own face!
它提供了一个快速和绝妙的传统密码的替代密码，这样你就不会忘记自己的脸!
知识拓展
have no alternative but to do sth 别无选择只好做某事
have the alternative of doing sth 有做……的选择；可以做……
There's no alternative/choice but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事。
an alternative to... ……的替代品
经典佳句
This kind of newspaper is the alternative press.
这种报纸是非传统性报刊。
名师点拨
“别无选择只好做某事”的其他表达形式：
can do nothing but do sth
can't do anything but do sth
can't choose/help but do sth
融会应用 单句填空
（1）The girl had no alternative but _________（accept） the offer.
to accept
（2）If you don't like the school lunch， you have the alternative of ________
（bring） your own.
bringing
（3）We could walk or ____________（alternative） we could go in Tim's car.
alternatively
知识点10 recognition n.识别；认出；承认；认可；赞誉；赏识 ＊recognize vt.认出；识别；承认；接受；认可；赞赏 vi.确认；承认
（P47）Facial expressions often vary， which makes facial recognition less effective.
面部表情经常变化，这使得面部识别的效果较差。
知识拓展
in recognition of 承认……；认可……
change beyond/out of all recognition 变得认不出来
be recognized as 被承认为……
recognize sth as sth 承认……为……
经典佳句
There is a growing recognition that education does not end with graduation.
人们越来越认识到毕业不等于教育的结束。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）He was presented with a gold watch in ___________（recognize） of his
service to the company.
recognition
（2）There is a general___________（recognize） that the study techniques of many
students are weak.
recognition
（3）The World Health Organization has recognized alcoholism ___a disease since 1951.
as
Ⅱ.单句写作
（4）The town _____________________________ since I was last here.
自从我上次离开这里， 这座小镇已经变得让人认不出来了。
has changed beyond recognition
（5）He received the award __________________________over the past year.
他得到了奖励，这是对他过去一年的成绩的肯定。
in recognition of his success
短语句式
知识点11 fall victim to 成为……受害者（或牺牲品）
（P45）We need to make sure that we will not fall victim to AI.
我们需要确保我们不会成为人工智能的受害者。
知识拓展
fall into 落入；陷入
fall asleep 入睡； 睡着
fall through 落空； 失败
fall out 争吵； 脱落
fall in love 坠入爱河； 爱上； 恋上
经典佳句
Incredibly， two women seemed to have fallen victim to alligators in such a short period of time.
让人难以置信的是，在这么短时间内，似乎有两位女性成为短嘴鳄的受害者。
融会应用 用fall的相关短语填空
（1）Her hair started __________as a result of radiation treatment.
falling out
（2）After changing the bed， I would__________quickly.
fall asleep
（3）Many foreign tourists ___________with China the first time they pay a visit to
this great country.
fall in love
（4）This has resulted in trees ___________the water.
falling into
知识点12 break into 强行闯入；进入；突然开始（笑、唱等）；顺利进入
（P47）...as there are cases in which hackers have broken into facial recognition systems by using people's social media photos to build models of their faces.
……因为在很多案例中，黑客通过使用人们在社交媒体上的照片来构建他们的面部模型，从而侵入面部识别系统。
知识拓展
break into pieces 摔成碎片
break into tears 突然大哭
break into a house 破门而入
易混辨析
break in和break into都表示“闯入”， 但二者用法不同。前者是不及物动词短语，其后不接宾语，不用于被动语态； 后者into是介词，其后要接宾语， 可用于被动语态。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）The moment she was out of sight she________________.
她一走出众人的视线就开始飞奔起来。
broke into a run
（2）She finally_______________after an acclaimed stage career.
她在取得舞台生涯的成功后，最终进入电影界发展。
broke into films
（3）She longed to_________ on their conversation but didn't want to appear rude.
她很想打断他们的谈话，但又不想显得粗鲁。
break in
（4）As soon as she saw me， she _______________.
她一见到我就突然哭起来。
broke into tears
知识点13 the way作先行词后接定语从句
（P45）In short， this technology is transforming the way we live.
简而言之，这项技术正在改变我们的生活方式。
知识拓展
（1）句中the way作先行词后接定语从句。
（2）当定语从句的先行词是 the way 时，其关系词有三种表达形式：
①the way+in which
②the way+that
③the way+从句（省略了that或 in which）
注意：way后不能用how引导定语从句。
I like the way in which she smiles.
=I like the way that she smiles.
=I like the way she smiles.
我喜欢她笑的样子。
融会应用 翻译句子
我喜欢他说话的方式。
（1）_______________________________
I like the way in which he talks.
（2）__________________________
I like the way that he talks.
（3）______________________
I like the way he talks.
知识点14 It+be+adj.+that...
（P45）It is clear that we are at a turning point in history.
很明显， 我们正处在历史的转折点上。
知识拓展
句中It is clear that...为“It+be+adj. +that...”结构， 其中It为形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语。
It作形式主语的相关句式：
（1）It be+形容词（possible、obvious、important...）+that从句
（2）It be+动词-ed形式（said、thought、believed、supposed、reported...）+that从句
（3）It+不及物动词（occurs、happens... ）+that从句
（4）It be+名词短语（a pity、a fact、a wonder、an honour、an idea、no wonder...）+that从句
It was obvious that she was unhappy， because I had promised to go and see the film with her.
她显然不高兴， 因为我已经答应和她一起去看电影。
It is a wonder that he survived the plane crash.
他在飞机失事中幸免于难， 真是奇迹。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）_______________ students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their
daily schedule.
很明显，学生们在调整睡眠周期以适应日常安排方面很糟糕。
It's obvious that
（2）______________you've missed such a good chance.
很遗憾，你错过了这么好的机会。
It's a pity that
（3）I'm very delighted to know that you're going to visit a Chinese family.
_________________you should know about table manners of China.
知道你要去拜访一个中国家庭，我很高兴。你有必要了解中国的餐桌礼仪。
It's necessary that
（4）_____________we should learn something from failure.
我们应该从失败中吸取教训，这很重要。
It's vital that
知识点15 with的复合结构
（P45）With machines like AlphaGo now capable of thinking and learning from their mistakes， we are getting closer to the dividing line between humans and machines.
随着像AlphaGo这样的机器现在能够从错误中思考和学习，我们正越来越接近人类和机器之间的分界线。
知识拓展
句中含有with的复合结构。with的复合结构是由“with+复合宾语”组成，常在句中作状语， 表示伴随、时间、原因、方式等。其构成有下列几种情形：
（1）with+名词 （或代词）+动词-ing形式
此时，动词-ing形式和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的主谓关系。
He fell asleep with the lamp burning.
他没熄灯就睡着了。
（2）with+名词 （或代词）+动词-ed形式
此时，动词-ed形式和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系。
She had to walk home with her bike stolen.
自行车被偷，她只好步行回家。
（3）with+名词 （或代词）+形容词
He often sleeps with the windows open.
他常开着窗睡觉。
（4）with+名词 （或代词）+副词
He stood there with his head down.
他低着头站在那里。
（5）with+名词 （或代词）+介词短语
She said good-bye with tears in her eyes.
她含着眼泪说了声再见。
（6）with+名词 （或代词）+动词不定式
此时，不定式表示将发生的动作。
With no one to talk to， John felt down.
由于没有可以说话的人，约翰闷闷不乐。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）________________________， he left the room.
宝宝还在哭着，他就离开了房间。
With the baby still crying
（2）Don't speak____________________of food.
不要在你满嘴食物时说话。
with your mouth full
（3）I wish I were a gardener digging away at the
garden___________________________________.
我希望我是一个园丁，在花园里掘地。谁也不来阻止我。
with nobody to stop me from digging
（4）Jack walked into the classroom___________________________.
杰克手里拿着几本书，走进了教室。
with some books in his hand
知识点16 while引导让步状语从句
（P45）While AI enthusiasts promise us a bright future where intelligent robots will be working to our advantage， these undoubted benefits also bring concerns and fears.
虽然人工智能爱好者向我们承诺一个光明的未来，到时智能机器人将对我们有利，但是这些毋庸置疑的好处也带来了担忧和恐惧。
知识拓展
句中while引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”。
（1）while用作并列连词，表示对比，意为“而”。
（2）while用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。从句中的谓语动词通常是延续性动词。
（3）while用作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然；尽管”，相当于though。
（4）while用作从属连词，引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”，相当于as long as。
（5）while用作名词，意为“一会儿；一段时间”，此时主要用于短语中。after a while“过了一会儿”；for a while“暂时；一会儿”；all the while“一直；始终”。
While he was in prison，he wrote his first novel.
他在狱中写了他的第一部小说。
Nothing changed much while he was away.
他不在的时候，一切都没有什么太大变化。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）_______________________________，I can't agree with you.
尽管我明白你说的话，但我还是不同意。
While I understand what you say
（2）They __________________ and then went to work.
他们聊了一会儿，然后就去上班了。
chatted for a while
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.It's ___________（threaten） to rain.
threatening
2.She was quite afraid to be subjected to the_____________（domestic） of humans.
domestication
3.He _________（analyse） his game and found it wanting.
analysed
4.They ________（warn） him of the danger of sailing alone yesterday.
warned
5.Car ______（theft） account for a quarter of all recorded crime.
thefts
6.The extinction of this kind of animal was due to the__________（alternative） of
habitat.
7.The report______ （urge） that all children be taught to swim.
alternation
urged
Ⅱ.单句写作
1.Students __________________studying abroad in their second year.
学生在二年级时可以选择出国学习。
have the option of
2.The charity ___________________________people in need.
该慈善机构旨在向有需要的人提供援助。
aims to provide assistance to
3.Most parents are well-meaning， but some of them aren't very helpful with the
problems their sons and daughters ___________________college.
大多数父母都是善意的，但其中有一些父母并不能很好地帮助他们的儿女解决适应大
学生活这一问题。
have in adjusting to
4.They____________many valid reasons for not exporting.
他们提出了许多有根据的理由来反对出口。
put forward
5.This person __________________do something that other people want to do.
这个人有能力做其他人想做的事。
has the capacity to
6.Despite that， there is definitely something that people， including me，
_____________when they jump in the personal development whirlpool.
尽管如此，当人们，包括我在内，跳进个人发展的漩涡时，他们肯定会成为某些事情
的受害者。
fall victim to
单句填空
1.（2022·上海1月）Would you like me to give you a ride to the airport The subway
system has broken ______.
down
2.（2021·全国乙）He builds________（mass） sculptures out of plastic garbage，
forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
massive
3.（2023·四省适应性考试）Toumi __________（recognize） that farming practices
needed to change.
recognized
4.（2021·新高考Ⅱ）I decided that if I learned of a company that used a lot of
plastic， I'd send it an email _______（urge） it to cut back.
urging
5.（2021·北京）The international scholars' ________（warn） letter doesn't say
exactly what collapse will look like or when it might happen.
warning
6.（2022·浙江1月）The project required each team to develop a hypothesis（假说），
set up an experiment to test the hypothesis， do the statistical ________（analyze）
and present the findings.
analysis
7.（2020·浙江）Those who had held mentally stimulating（刺激），___________
（demand） jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests.
demandingUnit 4 Section Ⅱ Learning about language
【学习目标】
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要词汇的基本用法。(语言能力)
2.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化重要语言点,并学以致用。(学习能力)
【自主预习】
Step 1 单词认读
拓展单词
1. vt.分析→ n.分析者;化验员
2. vt.危及;对……构成威胁;威胁;恐吓→ n.威胁;恐吓;凶兆→ adj. 威胁的;恐吓的;阴沉沉的;乌云密布的
3. vt.敦促;催促;大力推荐;竭力主张;驱赶;鞭策 n.冲动;强烈的欲望→ adj. 紧急的;迫切的
4. vt.需要;强烈要求n.要求;所需之物;需求;需要→ adj.要求高的
5. n.识别;认出;承认;认可;赞誉;赏识→ vt.认出;承认;接受;认可;赞赏→ adj.容易认出的;易于识别的
6. n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的;非传统的→ adv.两者选一地→ n.交替;轮换
7. n.分发;分送;分配;分布→ vt.分配;分发
8. vt.预言;预告→ adj. 可预料的→ n. 预言;预测
9. vt.& vi.减少;降低 n.减少;降低→ v.增加;增长 n.增加;增多
10. vt.& vi.断定;推断出;达成;订立;(使)结束;终止→ adj. 结论性的→ n.结论;结束;推论
11. vt.使恼怒;使生气;打扰;骚扰→ n. 生气;烦扰;令人生气的事物→ adj. 令人生气(烦恼)的
答案 1.analyse;analyst 2.threaten;threat; threatening 3.urge;urgent 4.demand; demanding
5.recognition; recognize; recognizable 6.alternative; alternatively; alternation 7.distribution; distribute 8.predict; predictable; prediction 9.decrease; increase 10.conclude; conclusive; conclusion 11.annoy; annoyance; annoying
构词规律
adj. +-ly→adv. v.+-able→adj.
initial→initially起初;首先 apparent→apparently显然;可见 careful→carefully小心地 recent→recently最近 predict→predictable可预料的 adjust→adjustable可调节的 exchange→exchangeable可交换的;可兑换的 suit→suitable适合的
Step 2 短语记诵
1. 提出
2. 有能力做
3. 简而言之
4. ……的选项
5. 与……相比较
6. 变得越来越依赖……
7. 敦促某人做某事
8.science fiction
9.turn into reality
10.a major breakthrough
11.be applied in many fields
12.learn from the mistake
13.growing concern
答案 1.put forward 2.be capable of 3.in short 4.the option of 5.compared with 6.become more and more dependent on... 7.urge sb to do sth 8.科幻小说 9.变成现实 10.一个重大突破 11.可应用于许多领域 12.从错误中吸取教训 13.越来越多的关注
Step 3 佳句赏析
1.Whatever happens, we need to make sure that facial recognition technology can be trusted—or we will have to face the consequences. (whatever引导让步状语从句)
翻译 无论发生什么, 我们都需要确保面部识别技术是可信的, 否则我们将不得不面对后果。
仿写 , the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
无论它是什么, 结果都是对最纯净的中亚传统的美好而生动的描述。
2.In short, this technology is transforming the way we live.(the way作先行词后接定语从句)
翻译 简而言之,这项技术正在改变我们的生活方式。
仿写 We have nothing but praise for .对于他们处理调查的方式我们唯有赞赏。
3.With machines like AlphaGo now capable of thinking and learning from their mistakes, we are getting closer to the dividing line between humans and machines.(with的复合结构)
翻译 随着像AlphaGo这样的机器现在能够从错误中思考和学习,我们正越来越接近人类和机器之间的分界线。
仿写 She came into the room because of cold.
她走进房间,鼻子冻得通红。
4.While AI enthusiasts promise us a bright future where intelligent robots will be working to our advantage, these undoubted benefits also bring concerns and fears.(while引导让步状语从句)
翻译 虽然人工智能爱好者向我们承诺一个光明的未来,到时智能机器人将对我们有利,但是这些毋庸置疑的好处也带来了担忧和恐惧。
仿写 , I do not have much time available.
尽管我愿意帮忙,但是我没有多少时间。
5.It is clear that we are at a turning point in history. (It+be+adj.+that从句)
翻译 很明显, 我们正处在历史的转折点上。
仿写 students develop an awareness of how the Internet can be used.
重要的是学生逐渐懂得如何使用互联网。
答案 1.Whatever it is 2.the way they handled the investigation 3.with her nose red 4.While I am willing to help 5.It is important that
【合作探究】
新知探究
解析教材
(仅供教师参考)
Artificial intelligence:friendly or frightening
Imagine waking up one morning with the option of staying in bed and pressing a button to send a robot to do all the work for you. How cool that would be! It may seem like building castles in the air, but given the rate at which artificial intelligence, or AI, is being developed(1), in the future such dreams may actually come true.
人工智能:友好还是可怕
想象一下,某天早上醒来,你选择躺在床上,按下一个按钮,让机器人来为你做所有的工作。那该多酷啊!这看上去可能不切实际,但是考虑到目前人工智能(AI)的发展速度,将来这样的梦想很可能会真的实现。
【助读点拨】
(1)此处given作介词,意为“考虑到”,相当于considering 或in view of。
At the basic level, artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science that aims to create intelligent machines. One of the essential aims of AI is to develop computer intelligence capable of learning from experience(2),adjusting to new inputs and performing tasks like humans. To achieve this aim, many approaches to creating true AI have been put forward, including “deep learning”, which enables a machine to improve its own performance(3) by learning from the results of its previous actions. Deep-learning AI has the capacity to analyse massive amounts of data through multiple layers, imitating the complex networks of the human brain.
基本上,人工智能是计算机科学的一个分支,旨在开发智能机器。人工智能基本的目标之一是开发计算机智能,它能够从经验中学习,适应新输入的信息并像人类一样执行任务。 为了实现这一目标,人们提出了许多创建真正的人工智能的方法,包括“深度学习”,这可以让机器通过学习先前行为的结果来提高自身的性能。深度学习人工智能能够通过多层分析大量数据,模拟人类大脑的复杂网络。
【助读点拨】
(2)此处是动词不定式作表语。
(3)此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句。
The dream of AI has been around for centuries, and the development of computers since the 1940s has finally made it a reality. Years before the term “artificial intelligence” was coined in the mid-1950s, the theory had been explored by Alan Turing, one of the pioneers in the field of computer science. However, for a long time, AI technology developed very slowly. A major breakthrough in AI came in 1997, when Deep Blue, a chessplaying computer(4), beat the world chess champion Garry Kasparov. Then in 2017, a computer program named AlphaGo defeated Ke Jie, arguably the best human Go player, which demonstrated a significant advance in deep-learning AI systems(5).
人工智能的梦想已经存在了几个世纪,自20世纪40年代以来,计算机的发展终于使它成为现实。早在“人工智能”这个术语于20世纪50年代中期被创造出来的许多年前,计算机科学领域的先驱之一艾伦·图灵就已探索了人工智能理论。然而,在很长一段时间里,人工智能技术发展非常缓慢。1997 年,人工智能才有了重大突破,当时弈棋机“深蓝”击败了国际象棋世界冠军加里·卡斯帕罗夫。之后在2017年,一个叫作阿尔法围棋的计算机程序打败了可以说是人类最强的围棋棋手柯洁,这显示了深度学习人工智能系统的一大显著进展。
【助读点拨】
(4)此处a chessplaying computer作Deep Blue的同位语。
(5)此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句。
Nowadays, AI is already being applied in many fields: finance, health care, machine translation and art, to name but a few. From autonomous vehicles to domestic robots, from recommendation systems to computers writing novels, AI has an unlimited number of applications. Ordinary people are now using AI to get instant translations of text in foreign languages, and machines can recognize fingerprints and even faces.
In short, this technology is transforming the way we live. It is clear that we are at a turning point in history(6).With machines like AlphaGo now capable of thinking and learning from their mistakes,(7) we are getting closer to the dividing line between humans and machines. The question is, where will all this lead While AI enthusiasts promise us a bright future where intelligent robots will be working to our advantage, these undoubted benefits also bring concerns and fears. Could machines really develop human-like intelligence And what would happen if they did Would thinking machines work alongside humans or threaten the existence of humans How would they be punished if they committed crimes or even murdered humans As we become more and more dependent on computers, some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers posed by the advances in AI(8). Stephen Hawking, for example, warned, “The development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race.”
如今,人工智能已经应用于许多领域:金融、医疗、机器翻译和艺术,略举几例。从自动驾驶汽车到家用机器人,从推荐系统到电脑写小说,人工智能有着无限的应用场景。老百姓现在正使用人工智能进行外语文本的即时翻译,而且计算机可以识别指纹甚至人脸。
简而言之,这项技术正在改变我们的生活方式。很明显,我们正处在历史的转折点上。随着像AlphaGo这样的机器现在能够从错误中思考和学习,我们正越来越接近人类和机器之间的分界线。问题是,这一切将走向何方 虽然人工智能爱好者向我们承诺一个光明的未来,到时智能机器人将对我们有利,但是这些毋庸置疑的好处也带来了担忧和恐惧。机器真的能发展出类似人类的智能吗 如果真是这样会发生什么 思维机器会和人类并肩作战,还是会威胁到人类的生存呢 如果他们犯罪甚至谋杀人类,他们会受到怎样的惩罚呢 随着我们变得越来越依赖于电脑,一些科学家正敦促我们思考人工智能发展带来的危险。例如,斯蒂芬·霍金曾警告说:“人工智能的全面发展可能意味着人类的终结。”
【助读点拨】
(6)此处为“It+be+adj.+that从句”结构,其中It作形式主语,真正的主语是that 引导的从句。
(7)此处为with 的复合结构。
(8)此处为动词-ed形式作后置定语。
Apparently, such warnings demand our attention. We need to make sure that we will not fall victim to AI(9). We may still think it would be fantastic to relax all day and allow autonomous machines to do all the work for us—but perhaps we should not be too greedy and rather be careful what we wish for!
显然,这样的警告需要我们的关注。我们需要确保我们不会成为人工智能的受害者。我们可能仍然会想,让自动机器为我们做所有的工作,自己可以整天休闲,那样就太棒了。但也许我们不应该太贪婪,而是对我们的愿望抱以谨慎的态度!
【助读点拨】
(9)此处为that引导的宾语从句。
核 心 单 词
知识点1 capacity n.领悟(或理解、办事)能力;容量;容积;职位;职责;生产量
(P44)Deep-learning AI has the capacity to analyse massive amounts of data through multiple layers, imitating the complex networks of the human brain.
深度学习人工智能能够通过多层分析大量数据,模拟人类大脑的复杂网络。
知识拓展
in one's capacity as 以……的资格/身份
capacity of/for ……的能力
have the capacity to do sth 有能力做……
intellectual capacity 智力
production capacity 生产力
经典佳句
The capacity of this cup is 2 liters.
这个杯子的容量是两升。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)The conference hall 2,000.
这个会议大厅能坐2000人。
(2)He new ideas.
他有接受新想法的能力。
(3)I attended the meeting chairman of the safety committee.
我是以安全委员会主席的身份参加这次会议的。
答案 (1)has a seating capacity of (2)has the capacity to accept (3)in my capacity as
知识点2 analyse vt.分析 *analyst n.分析者;化验师 *analysis n.分析;分析结果
(P44)Deep-learning AI has the capacity to analyse massive amounts of data through multiple layers, imitating the complex networks of the human brain.
深度学习人工智能能够通过多层分析大量数据,模拟人类大脑的复杂网络。
知识拓展
analyse data 分析数据
according to the analysis 根据分析
in the final/last analysis 归根结底;总之
analysis of sth 对……的分析
经典佳句
The team are working hard to analyse the problem so that they can find the best solution.
这个小组正在努力分析这个问题,以便找到最好的解决方法。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)The analysis a problem is the starting point for its solution.
(2)Some (analyse) estimate its current popularity at around ten per cent.
(3)As the botanical (analyse) have shown us,all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)(2023·湖南郴州模拟)We should of this event.
我们应该分析这场事变的因果。
答案 (1)of (2)analysts (3)analyses (4) analyze the cause and effect
知识点3 breakthrough n.重大进展;突破 adj.突破性的
(P45)A major breakthrough in AI came in 1997, when Deep Blue, a chessplaying computer, beat the world chess champion Garry Kasparov.
1997年,人工智能才有了重大突破,当时弈棋机“深蓝”击败了国际象棋世界冠军加里·卡斯帕罗夫。
知识拓展
make/achieve a breakthrough 取得突破性进展
breakthrough point 突破点
breakthrough technology 突破性技术
经典佳句
Scientists are claiming a major breakthrough in the fight against cancer.
科学家们宣称攻克癌症已有重大突破。
融会应用
单句写作
(1) , majority of people are living a healthier and longer life.
随着医学的突破, 大多数人活得更健康、更长寿。
(2)I want to be a scientist to to save people's lives.
我想成为一名科学家,取得一项科学突破,拯救人们的生命。
(3)The good news that we in oil exploration cheers us up.
我们在石油勘探方面取得突破的好消息使我们振奋。
(4)This is for us to understand his mind and spirit structure.
这是我们理解他的思想和精神结构的重要突破点。
答案 (1)With medical breakthroughs (2)make a scientific breakthrough (3)have made a breakthrough (4)the important breakthrough point
知识点4 threaten vt.危及;对……构成威胁;威胁;恐吓 *threat n.威胁;恐吓
(P45)Would thinking machines work alongside humans or threaten the existence of humans
思维机器会和人类并肩作战,还是会威胁到人类的生存呢
知识拓展
threaten to do sth 威胁要做某事
threaten sb with sth 用某物威胁某人
threaten that... 威胁/恐吓……
be under threat of... 受到……威胁
make/issue a threat (against sb) (对某人)进行威胁
pose a threat (to sb/sth) (对某人或某物)构成威胁
图解释义
On Halloween, children would usually wear strange costumes, knock on their neighbours' doors and threaten them with “trick or treat”.
在万圣节,孩子们会穿上古怪的服装去敲邻居家的门,威胁他们说“不给糖就捣蛋”。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)The use of nuclear weapons is a horrible (threaten) to human beings.
(2)He didn't feel (threat) at the news of her succeeding in finishing the work.
(3)He (threat) with dismissal if he continued to turn up late for work.
(4)The government had threatened (take) direct control of the network.
答案 (1)threat (2)threatened (3)was threatened (4)to take
知识点5 urge vt.敦促;催促;大力推荐;竭力主张;驱赶;鞭策 n.冲动;强烈的欲望 *urgent adj.紧急的;迫切的 *urgently adv.急切地 *urgency n.催促;紧急
(P45)As we become more and more dependent on computers, some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers posed by the advances in AI.
随着我们变得越来越依赖于电脑,一些科学家正敦促我们思考人工智能发展带来的危险。
知识拓展
urge sb to do sth 催促/力劝某人做某事
urge that... (should) do sth 极力主张/强调……做某事
经典佳句
Parents should actively urge their children to take advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams.
父母应该积极敦促他们的孩子利用这个机会参加运动队。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)We urged them (sort) out the problem sooner rather than later.
(2)We urge that you (make) this settlement without delay.
(3)I make an (urge) appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation.
答案 (1)to sort (2)(should) make (3)urgent
知识点6 pose vt.造成;产生;提问;质询vi.摆好姿势 n.姿势
(P45)As we become more and more dependent on computers, some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers posed by the advances in AI.
随着我们变得越来越依赖于电脑,一些科学家正敦促我们思考人工智能发展带来的危险。
知识拓展
pose a threat/danger/risk 构成威胁/危险/风险
pose for sb/sth 为某人/某事摆好姿势
pose a question 提出问题(尤指需要仔细考虑的问题)
pose as sb 冒充某人
经典佳句
Global warming has posed a serious threat to the survival of animals such as polar bears.
全球变暖对北极熊等动物的生存构成了严重的威胁。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)After all, the animals aren't going to come and !
毕竟,动物们是不会来给我摆好姿势的!
(2)I'm , because I don't really have a good answer to that.
我来提出个问题,因为我也不知道如何回答。
(3)However, this increase in communication can also employee privacy.
然而,这种交流方式的日益广泛也给员工隐私带来危险。
答案 (1)pose for me (2)posing a question (3)pose a danger to
知识点7 warning n.警告;先兆;警戒 *warn v.警告;提醒注意
(P45)Apparently, such warnings demand our attention.
显然,这样的警告需要我们的关注。
知识拓展
warn sb of sth 警告某人某事
warn sb against (doing) sth 警告(使对……有所防备)
warn sb (not) to do sth 警告某人(不要)做某事
warn sb that...警告某人……
图解释义
The warning sign said “Danger: high voltage”.
警示牌上写着“高压危险”。
名师点拨
用于“v.+ sb of sth”结构的常用动词还有inform(通知)、 accuse(指控)、remind(提醒)、 cure(治愈)、 suspect(怀疑)等。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)They warned him the dangers of sailing alone again and again but he wouldn't listen.
(2)They warned people not (keep) large amounts of cash in their homes.
答案 (1)of (2)to keep
知识点8 demand vt.需要;强烈要求n.要求;所需之物;需求;需要 *demanding adj.苛求的;要求高的
(P45)Apparently, such warnings demand our attention.
显然,这样的警告需要我们的关注。
知识拓展
in demand 非常需要;急需
meet/satisfy one's demands 满足某人的需要
demand that... (should) do sth 要求……做某事(从句用虚拟语气)
经典佳句
Science graduates are in greater demand than arts ones in China.
在中国,对理科毕业生的需求比对文科生的更大。
名师点拨
除demand之外,后接宾语从句时常用虚拟语气的动词还有advise、suggest、desire、command、urge、order、require、prefer等。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)They were popular and high demand, so the price shot up.
(2)This silence troubled the writer.He demanded that his friend (say) something about the play.
Ⅱ.同义句改写
(3)He demanded to be told everything at any time.
→He demanded that he everything at any time.
答案 (1)in (2)(should) say (3)(should) be told
知识点9 alternative n.可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的;非传统的 *alternatively adv. 或者
(P47)It offers a quick and cool alternative to traditional passwords, and you cannot forget your own face!
它提供了一个快速和绝妙的传统密码的替代密码,这样你就不会忘记自己的脸!
知识拓展
have no alternative but to do sth 别无选择只好做某事
have the alternative of doing sth 有做……的选择;可以做……
There's no alternative/choice but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事。
an alternative to... ……的替代品
经典佳句
This kind of newspaper is the alternative press.
这种报纸是非传统性报刊。
名师点拨
“别无选择只好做某事”的其他表达形式:
can do nothing but do sth
can't do anything but do sth
can't choose/help but do sth
融会应用
单句填空
(1)The girl had no alternative but (accept) the offer.
(2)If you don't like the school lunch, you have the alternative of (bring) your own.
(3)We could walk or (alternative) we could go in Tim's car.
答案 (1)to accept (2)bringing (3)alternatively
知识点10 recognition n.识别;认出;承认;认可;赞誉;赏识 *recognize vt.认出;识别;承认;接受;认可;赞赏 vi.确认;承认
(P47)Facial expressions often vary, which makes facial recognition less effective.
面部表情经常变化,这使得面部识别的效果较差。
知识拓展
in recognition of 承认……;认可……
change beyond/out of all recognition 变得认不出来
be recognized as 被承认为……
recognize sth as sth 承认……为……
经典佳句
There is a growing recognition that education does not end with graduation.
人们越来越认识到毕业不等于教育的结束。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)He was presented with a gold watch in (recognize) of his service to the company.
(2)There is a general (recognize) that the study techniques of many students are weak.
(3)The World Health Organization has recognized alcoholism a disease since 1951.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)The town since I was last here.
自从我上次离开这里, 这座小镇已经变得让人认不出来了。
(5)He received the award over the past year.
他得到了奖励,这是对他过去一年的成绩的肯定。
答案 (1)recognition (2)recognition (3)as (4)has changed beyond recognition
(5)in recognition of his success
短 语 句 式
知识点11 fall victim to成为……受害者(或牺牲品)
(P45)We need to make sure that we will not fall victim to AI.
我们需要确保我们不会成为人工智能的受害者。
知识拓展
fall into 落入;陷入
fall asleep 入睡; 睡着
fall through 落空; 失败
fall out 争吵; 脱落
fall in love 坠入爱河; 爱上; 恋上
经典佳句
Incredibly, two women seemed to have fallen victim to alligators in such a short period of time.
让人难以置信的是,在这么短时间内,似乎有两位女性成为短嘴鳄的受害者。
融会应用
用fall的相关短语填空
(1)Her hair started as a result of radiation treatment.
(2)After changing the bed, I would quickly.
(3)Many foreign tourists with China the first time they pay a visit to this great country.
(4)This has resulted in trees the water.
答案 (1)falling out (2)fall asleep (3)fall in love (4)falling into
知识点12 break into 强行闯入;进入;突然开始(笑、唱等);顺利进入
(P47)...as there are cases in which hackers have broken into facial recognition systems by using people's social media photos to build models of their faces.
……因为在很多案例中,黑客通过使用人们在社交媒体上的照片来构建他们的面部模型,从而侵入面部识别系统。
知识拓展
break into pieces 摔成碎片
break into tears 突然大哭
break into a house 破门而入
易混辨析
break in和break into都表示“闯入”, 但二者用法不同。前者是不及物动词短语,其后不接宾语,不用于被动语态; 后者into是介词,其后要接宾语, 可用于被动语态。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)The moment she was out of sight she .
她一走出众人的视线就开始飞奔起来。
(2)She finally after an acclaimed stage career.
她在取得舞台生涯的成功后,最终进入电影界发展。
(3)She longed to on their conversation but didn't want to appear rude.
她很想打断他们的谈话,但又不想显得粗鲁。
(4)As soon as she saw me, she .
她一见到我就突然哭起来。
答案 (1) broke into a run (2)broke into films (3)break in (4)broke into tears
知识点13 the way作先行词后接定语从句
(P45)In short, this technology is transforming the way we live.
简而言之,这项技术正在改变我们的生活方式。
知识拓展
(1)句中the way作先行词后接定语从句。
(2)当定语从句的先行词是 the way 时,其关系词有三种表达形式:
①the way+in which
②the way+that
③the way+从句(省略了that或 in which)
注意:way后不能用how引导定语从句。
I like the way in which she smiles.
=I like the way that she smiles.
=I like the way she smiles.
我喜欢她笑的样子。
融会应用
翻译句子
我喜欢他说话的方式。
(1)
(2)
(3)
答案
(1)I like the way in which he talks.
(2)I like the way that he talks.
(3)I like the way he talks.
知识点14 It+be+adj. +that...
(P45)It is clear that we are at a turning point in history.
很明显, 我们正处在历史的转折点上。
知识拓展
句中It is clear that...为“It+be+adj. +that...”结构, 其中It为形式主语,that引导的从句为真正的主语。
It作形式主语的相关句式:
(1)It be+形容词(possible、obvious、important...)+that从句
(2)It be+动词-ed形式(said、thought、believed、supposed、reported...)+that从句
(3)It+不及物动词(occurs、happens... )+that从句
(4)It be+名词短语(a pity、a fact、a wonder、an honour、an idea、no wonder...)+that从句
It was obvious that she was unhappy, because I had promised to go and see the film with her.
她显然不高兴, 因为我已经答应和她一起去看电影。
It is a wonder that he survived the plane crash.
他在飞机失事中幸免于难, 真是奇迹。
融会应用
单句写作
(1) students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule.
很明显,学生们在调整睡眠周期以适应日常安排方面很糟糕。
(2) you've missed such a good chance.
很遗憾,你错过了这么好的机会。
(3)I'm very delighted to know that you're going to visit a Chinese family. you should know about table manners of China.
知道你要去拜访一个中国家庭,我很高兴。你有必要了解中国的餐桌礼仪。
(4) we should learn something from failure.
我们应该从失败中吸取教训,这很重要。
答案 (1)It's obvious that (2)It's a pity that (3)It's necessary that (4)It's vital that
知识点15 with的复合结构
(P45)With machines like AlphaGo now capable of thinking and learning from their mistakes, we are getting closer to the dividing line between humans and machines.
随着像AlphaGo这样的机器现在能够从错误中思考和学习,我们正越来越接近人类和机器之间的分界线。
知识拓展
句中含有with的复合结构。with的复合结构是由“with+复合宾语”组成,常在句中作状语, 表示伴随、时间、原因、方式等。其构成有下列几种情形:
(1)with+名词 (或代词)+动词-ing形式
此时,动词-ing形式和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的主谓关系。
He fell asleep with the lamp burning.
他没熄灯就睡着了。
(2)with+名词 (或代词)+动词-ed形式
此时,动词-ed形式和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系。
She had to walk home with her bike stolen.
自行车被偷,她只好步行回家。
(3)with+名词 (或代词)+形容词
He often sleeps with the windows open.
他常开着窗睡觉。
(4)with+名词 (或代词)+副词
He stood there with his head down.
他低着头站在那里。
(5)with+名词 (或代词)+介词短语
She said good-bye with tears in her eyes.
她含着眼泪说了声再见。
(6)with+名词 (或代词)+动词不定式
此时,不定式表示将发生的动作。
With no one to talk to, John felt down.
由于没有可以说话的人,约翰闷闷不乐。
融会应用
单句写作
(1) , he left the room.
宝宝还在哭着,他就离开了房间。
(2)Don't speak of food.
不要在你满嘴食物时说话。
(3)I wish I were a gardener digging away at the garden .
我希望我是一个园丁,在花园里掘地。谁也不来阻止我。
(4)Jack walked into the classroom .
杰克手里拿着几本书,走进了教室。
答案 (1)With the baby still crying (2)with your mouth full (3)with nobody to stop me from digging (4)with some books in his hand
知识点16 while引导让步状语从句
(P45)While AI enthusiasts promise us a bright future where intelligent robots will be working to our advantage, these undoubted benefits also bring concerns and fears.
虽然人工智能爱好者向我们承诺一个光明的未来,到时智能机器人将对我们有利,但是这些毋庸置疑的好处也带来了担忧和恐惧。
知识拓展
句中while引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然”。
(1)while用作并列连词,表示对比,意为“而”。
(2)while用作从属连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“当……的时候”。从句中的谓语动词通常是延续性动词。
(3)while用作从属连词,引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然;尽管”,相当于though。
(4)while用作从属连词,引导条件状语从句,意为“只要”,相当于as long as。
(5)while用作名词,意为“一会儿;一段时间”,此时主要用于短语中。after a while“过了一会儿”;for a while“暂时;一会儿”;all the while“一直;始终”。
While he was in prison,he wrote his first novel.
他在狱中写了他的第一部小说。
Nothing changed much while he was away.
他不在的时候,一切都没有什么太大变化。
融会应用
单句写作
(1) ,I can't agree with you.
尽管我明白你说的话,但我还是不同意。
(2)They and then went to work.
他们聊了一会儿,然后就去上班了。
答案 (1)While I understand what you say (2)chatted for a while
【随堂检测】
夯实基础
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.It's (threaten) to rain.
2.She was quite afraid to be subjected to the (domestic) of humans.
3.He (analyse) his game and found it wanting.
4.They (warn) him of the danger of sailing alone yesterday.
5.Car (theft) account for a quarter of all recorded crime.
6.The extinction of this kind of animal was due to the (alternative) of habitat.
7.The report (urge) that all children be taught to swim.
答案 1.threatening 2.domestication 3.analysed
4.warned 5.thefts 6.alternation 7.urged
Ⅱ.单句写作
1.Students studying abroad in their second year.
学生在二年级时可以选择出国学习。
2.The charity people in need.
该慈善机构旨在向有需要的人提供援助。
3.Most parents are well-meaning, but some of them aren't very helpful with the problems their sons and daughters college.
大多数父母都是善意的,但其中有一些父母并不能很好地帮助他们的儿女解决适应大学生活这一问题。
4.They many valid reasons for not exporting.
他们提出了许多有根据的理由来反对出口。
5.This person do something that other people want to do.
这个人有能力做其他人想做的事。
6.Despite that, there is definitely something that people, including me, when they jump in the personal development whirlpool.
尽管如此,当人们,包括我在内,跳进个人发展的漩涡时,他们肯定会成为某些事情的受害者。
答案 1.have the option of 2.aims to provide assistance to 3.have in adjusting to 4.put forward 5.has the capacity to 6.fall victim to
衔接高考
单句填空
1.(2022·上海1月)Would you like me to give you a ride to the airport The subway system has broken .
2.(2021·全国乙)He builds (mass) sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
3.(2023·四省适应性考试)Toumi (recognize) that farming practices needed to change.
4.(2021·新高考Ⅱ)I decided that if I learned of a company that used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email (urge) it to cut back.
5.(2021·北京)The international scholars' (warn) letter doesn't say exactly what collapse will look like or when it might happen.
6.(2022·浙江1月)The project required each team to develop a hypothesis(假说), set up an experiment to test the hypothesis, do the statistical (analyze) and present the findings.
7.(2020·浙江)Those who had held mentally stimulating(刺激), (demand) jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests.
答案 1.down 2.massive 3.recognized 4.urging
5.warning 6.analysis 7.demanding
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