2024届高考英语阅读理解说明文之 问题解决型课件(共32张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语阅读理解说明文之 问题解决型课件(共32张PPT) |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 41.4MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-04-13 08:01:34 | ||
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(共32张PPT)
说明文
问题—解决型
GENERAL DEMONSTRATION TEMPLATE OF FRESH WATERCOLOR
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problem-solution pattern
Perceive problem-solution pattern of exposition
Apply learned knowledge to improve the reading skills
Learning Objectives
Be more confident when facing expository essays
①
②
③
④
⑤
⑥
选择性必修三Unit2 reading & thinking
选择性必修三Unit2 reading for writing
选择性必修三 Unit 3
试卷名称 篇目 主题语境 话题 体裁 说明对象
2023年新课标Ⅰ卷 C 人与自我 数字极简生活方式 说明文 新理论
D 人与社会 群体智慧效应 说明文 研究报告
2022年新课标Ⅰ卷 B 人与社会 零废弃的生活方式 说明文 社会现象
C 人与社会 关爱老人 说明文 新做法
D 人与社会 人类语音发展与农业之间的关系 说明文 研究报告
2021年新课标Ⅰ卷 C 人与自然 野生动物保护----美国联邦鸭票计划 说明文 新事物
D 人与社会 情商 说明文 研究报告
近三年新课标1卷阅读理解说明文概况
主题说明型
问题解决型
研究发现型
问题解决型：问题 分析问题（因果） 解决措施 呼吁或建议或评价
主题说明型：引出主题（a phenomenon / project / plan/ debate/ theory... ） 解释主题 拓展主题（利弊、因果、影响、意义、评价...）
研究发现型：研究发现 研究过程：背景、目标、对象、原理、方法、数据、结果... 研究结论：前景、影响、意义、评价、未来方向、不足...
说明文
三大类型
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GENERAL DEMONSTRATION TEMPLATE OF FRESH WATERCOLOR
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01
Passage
problem-solution pattern
Amsterdam, with its scenic canals lined with picturesque, 17th-and 18th-century buildings, a major European tourist destination, is slowly collapsing.
Sinkholes are appearing in small streets, and nearly half its 1,700 bridges are unstable and need repairs. The fundamental problem is the state of the canal walls: about 125 miles of them are so broken that they are in danger of collapsing into the canals, potentially taking buildings and people with them. As a huge project to shore up the canal walls gets underway, the city is beginning to look like one huge construction site.
Like much of the Netherlands, Amsterdam lies below sea level. Built on a swamp and heavily expanded in the 17th century, the city sits on millions of wooden piles that serve as foundations. As modern life changed the city, many houses were strengthened with concrete, but the foundations of streets and canal walls were ignored. Many of the wooden piles have shifted, cracked or collapsed under the pressure, causing bridges and can al side walls to sink and crack. Water then seeps in, washing away mortar(砂浆), further hollowing out the infrastructure and creating sinkholes.
The alderman, Mr. De Vries, said that if the city had continued to ignore the problem, it would have headed straight for a catastrophe. The reconstruction will take at least 20 years and will cost 2 billion euros, perhaps even more. “These are big numbers, and work needs to take place in a very busy, closely-populated area,” Mr. De Vries said. “People live here and work here, and we usually have many tourists.”
He acknowledged that Amsterdam in the coming years would look different from its usual postcard self. Still, he insisted that tourists should not be discouraged from visiting. “We invite everyone to come and see what we are doing,” he said. “We want visitors to realize that such a magnificent city needs maintenance.”
Problem
Causes
Solutions
1．What problem does Amsterdam face
A．Collapsed buildings pose a threat to tourists.
B．Bridges under construction disturb citizens’ life.
C．The canal walls are in danger of falling down.
D．Many old streets are in badly need of being widened.
further explain the problem
Amsterdam, with its scenic canals lined with picturesque, 17th-and 18th-century buildings, a major European tourist destination, is slowly collapsing.
Sinkholes are appearing in small streets, and nearly half its 1,700 bridges are unstable and need repairs. The fundamental problem is the state of the canal walls: about 125 miles of them are so broken that they are in danger of collapsing into the canals, potentially taking buildings and people with them. As a huge project to shore up the canal walls gets underway, the city is beginning to look like one huge construction site.
Like much of the Netherlands, Amsterdam lies below sea level. Built on a swamp and heavily expanded in the 17th century, the city sits on millions of wooden piles that serve as foundations. As modern life changed the city, many houses were strengthened with concrete, but the foundations of streets and canal walls were ignored. Many of the wooden piles have shifted, cracked or collapsed under the pressure, causing bridges and can al side walls to sink and crack. Water then seeps in, washing away mortar(砂浆), further hollowing out the infrastructure and creating sinkholes.
The alderman, Mr. De Vries, said that if the city had continued to ignore the problem, it would have headed straight for a catastrophe. The reconstruction will take at least 20 years and will cost 2 billion euros, perhaps even more. “These are big numbers, and work needs to take place in a very busy, closely-populated area,” Mr. De Vries said. “People live here and work here, and we usually have many tourists.”
He acknowledged that Amsterdam in the coming years would look different from its usual postcard self. Still, he insisted that tourists should not be discouraged from visiting. “We invite everyone to come and see what we are doing,” he said. “We want visitors to realize that such a magnificent city needs maintenance.”
Problem
Causes
Solutions
2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．Ways of building canal walls.
B．Causes of sinkholes in Amsterdam.
C．The effects of broken bridges on the city.
D．The geographical features of Amsterdam.
further explain the problem
Amsterdam, with its scenic canals lined with picturesque, 17th-and 18th-century buildings, a major European tourist destination, is slowly collapsing.
Sinkholes are appearing in small streets, and nearly half its 1,700 bridges are unstable and need repairs. The fundamental problem is the state of the canal walls: about 125 miles of them are so broken that they are in danger of collapsing into the canals, potentially taking buildings and people with them. As a huge project to shore up the canal walls gets underway, the city is beginning to look like one huge construction site.
Like much of the Netherlands, Amsterdam lies below sea level. Built on a swamp and heavily expanded in the 17th century, the city sits on millions of wooden piles that serve as foundations. As modern life changed the city, many houses were strengthened with concrete, but the foundations of streets and canal walls were ignored. Many of the wooden piles have shifted, cracked or collapsed under the pressure, causing bridges and can al side walls to sink and crack. Water then seeps in, washing away mortar(砂浆), further hollowing out the infrastructure and creating sinkholes.
The alderman, Mr. De Vries, said that if the city had continued to ignore the problem, it would have headed straight for a catastrophe. The reconstruction will take at least 20 years and will cost 2 billion euros, perhaps even more. “These are big numbers, and work needs to take place in a very busy, closely-populated area,” Mr. De Vries said. “People live here and work here, and we usually have many tourists.”
He acknowledged that Amsterdam in the coming years would look different from its usual postcard self. Still, he insisted that tourists should not be discouraged from visiting. “We invite everyone to come and see what we are doing,” he said. “We want visitors to realize that such a magnificent city needs maintenance.”
Problem
Causes
Solutions
3．What can we learn about the reconstruction work
A．It is costly.
B．It demands more than three decades.
C．It is a huge and dangerous task. D．It will promote local employment.
4．Which statement may Mr. De Vries agree with
A．The city will no longer be as magnificent as it used to be.
B．Modernity is usually achieved at a cost of the environment.
C．Maintenance and tourism should continue at the same time.
D．Repairs have become a serious obstacle to the city’s growth.
further explain the problem
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02
Passage
problem-solution pattern
A China plane struck a bird after taking off in Chengdu, Sichuan, and had to immediately return to the airport last October, and it wasn’t the first accident between an aircraft and a bird last year.
In fact, more than 20,000 wildlife strikes with aircraft were reported worldwide in 2023—the vast majority of those animals being birds. The strikes can also include run-ins with bats or creatures on the ground, such as deer or turtles. Expanding wildlife populations, increases in number of aircraft movements, and a trend toward faster and quieter aireraft all have contributed to the increase in wildlife strikes.
Bird strikes are a hazard not just to commercial airplanes, but to all sorts of aircraft. However, historical data shows that damage is reported in a small percentage of incidents. Last year, 95% of the global strikes involved some kind of damage — and only 5% of those caused “substantial” damage.
Some of the most disturbing types of strikes can happen when one or more birds go into a plane’s engine, which might cause a lot of damage to the aircraft. The pilot would need to return to the airport or find a safe place to land.
In last October’s China plane incident, the Beijing-bound flight was able to land normally in Chengdu after taking into account what the airline described as security concerns. Senior captain Chen Jianguo said pilots are trained on how to respond if they have a bird strike in flight. The pilot in this case did exactly what he was trained to do.
“There are lots of things that are being used by airports to try to manage the habitat and birds around the airport,” said Chen Jianguo. Airports need to manage bird habitats to reduce or get rid of trees and plants that shelter birds, or address wetlands that can attract birds. Collecting data on what kinds of birds are involved in strikes is equally important so the risks can better be managed. Many airports also use audible signals to scare birds away, such as the sounds of fireworks.
Problem/phenomenon
damage / consequences
solutions
causes
5.What is a cause of the increase in wildlife strikes
A. The poorly designed aircraft
B. The growing number of birds.
C. The destruction of wildlife habitats.
D. The absence of environmental awareness.
6.What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Danger. B. Delay.
C. Accident. D. Reminder.
7.What does the historical data tell us about bird strikes
A. They are a rare occurrence.
B. They usually damage engines.
C. Most of them cause slight damage.
D. Most of them involve one single bird.
8.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A. Ways to study bird behavior.
B. Measures to drive birds away.
C. Efforts to restore bird habitat.
D. Attempts to take care of birds.
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Title: California’s Forest---Where Have All the Trees Gone
03
Passage
2019年浙江卷C篇
problem-solution pattern
Title: California’s Forest---Where Have All the Trees Gone
California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素).
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪).
Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
Problem/phenomenon
further explain the phenomenon
causes
9. What is the second paragraph mainly about
A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B. The increasing variety of California big trees.
C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.
10. Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees
A. Ecological studies of forests.
B. Banning woodcutting.
C. Limiting housing development.
D. Fire control measures.
California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素).
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪).
Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
Problem/phenomenon
further explain the phenomen
causes
11.What is a major cause of the water shortage according to Mclntyre
A. Inadequate snowmelt.
B. A longer dry season.
C. A warmer climate.
D. Dampness of the air.
12.What can be a suitable title for the text
A. California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone
B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests
D. Patrick Mclntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
长难句解析
1. But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
分析: in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010作状语，句子的主语是Mclntyre and his colleagues，谓语是 documented，a widespread death是宾语。that引导的是定语从句，修饰 death。
翻译: 但是把20世纪20年代和30年代对加利福尼亚森林的研究和2001年至2010年的研究结果比较，Mcintyre和他的同事发现甚至在野外受到保护，免受砍伐和开发的大树也大范围地死亡。
长难句解析
2. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt.
分析: 这是一个主从复合句，that引导定语从句，先行词是“a computer model”；“how much”引导宾语从句；“taking into account”现在分词做状语。
翻译: 研究人员用一个计算机模型计算出了水分胁迫，该模型计算出与树木需要的水分相比，它获得的水量，同时考虑了降雨，气温，土壤湿度和融雪时间等因素。
1.decline
2.ecologist
3.aggressive
4.widespread
5.dampness
6.available
7.distribution
8.shortage
9.inadequate
10.prohibit
11. calculate
1.n.下降；衰退vi.下降；谢绝vt..婉拒
2.n.生态学者；生态保护论者，生态学家
3. adj.侵略性的；好斗的；有进取心的；
4.adj.普遍的，广泛的；分布广的
5.n.潮湿；湿气 湿度
6.adj.可获得的；可购得的；可找到的 ; 可得到的 ;
7. n.分布；分配；供应
8.n.缺乏,不足
9.adj.不充分的，不适当的
10.vt.阻止，禁止
11.vi.计算；以为；作打算vt.计算；预测；认为；
词汇积累
小|清|新|通|用|演|示|模|板
GENERAL DEMONSTRATION TEMPLATE OF FRESH WATERCOLOR
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04
Passage
2021年浙江卷1月B篇
problem-solution pattern
（2021年1月B）At the start of the 20th century, an American engineer named John Elfreth Watkins made predictions about life today. His predictions about slowing population growth, mobile phones and increasing height were close to the mark. But he was wrong in one prediction: that everybody would walk 10 miles a day.
Today, in Australia, most children on average fall 2,000 steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid being overweight. In the early 1970s, 40 per cent of children walked to school, while in 2010, it was as low as 15 per cent.
The decline is not because we have all become lazy. Families are pressed for time, many with both parents working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent neighborhoods with limited public transport.
The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation: for health and well-being, as well as lost opportunities (机会) for children to get to know their local surroundings. And for parents there are lost opportunities to walk and talk with their young scholar about their day.
Most parents will have eagerly asked their child about their day, only to meet with a “good”, quickly followed by “I’m hungry”. This is also my experience as a mother. But somewhere over the daily walk more about my son’s day comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear more.
Many primary schools support walking school-bus routes (路线), with days of regular, parent-accompanied walks. Doing just one of these a few times a week is better than nothing. It can be tough to begin and takes a little planning — running shoes by the front door, lunches made the night before, umbrellas on rainy days and hats on hot ones — but it’s certainly worth trying.
introduce the topic
causes
phenomenon
consequences
measure
comment
13. Why does the author mention Watkins' predictions in the first paragraph
A.To make comparisons.
B.To introduce the topic.
C.To support her argument.
D.To provide examples.
14．What has caused the decrease in Australian children's physical activity
A．Plain laziness.
B．Health problems.
C．Lack of time.
D．Security concerns.
（2021年1月B）At the start of the 20th century, an American engineer named John Elfreth Watkins made predictions about life today. His predictions about slowing population growth, mobile phones and increasing height were close to the mark. But he was wrong in one prediction: that everybody would walk 10 miles a day.
Today, in Australia, most children on average fall 2,000 steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid being overweight. In the early 1970s, 40 per cent of children walked to school, while in 2010, it was as low as 15 per cent.
The decline is not because we have all become lazy. Families are pressed for time, many with both parents working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent neighborhoods with limited public transport.
The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation: for health and well-being, as well as lost opportunities (机会) for children to get to know their local surroundings. And for parents there are lost opportunities to walk and talk with their young scholar about their day.
Most parents will have eagerly asked their child about their day, only to meet with a “good”, quickly followed by “I’m hungry”. This is also my experience as a mother. But somewhere over the daily walk more about my son’s day comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear more.
Many primary schools support walking school-bus routes (路线), with days of regular, parent-accompanied walks. Doing just one of these a few times a week is better than nothing. It can be tough to begin and takes a little planning — running shoes by the front door, lunches made the night before, umbrellas on rainy days and hats on hot ones — but it’s certainly worth trying.
introduce the topic
causes
phenomenon
consequences
measure
comment
15．Why does the author find walking with her son worthwhile
A．She can get relaxed after work.
B．She can keep physically fit.
C．She can help with her son's study.
D．She can know her son better.
（2021年1月B）At the start of the 20th century, an American engineer named John Elfreth Watkins made predictions about life today. His predictions about slowing population growth, mobile phones and increasing height were close to the mark. But he was wrong in one prediction: that everybody would walk 10 miles a day.
Today, in Australia, most children on average fall 2,000 steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid being overweight. In the early 1970s, 40 per cent of children walked to school, while in 2010, it was as low as 15 per cent.
The decline is not because we have all become lazy. Families are pressed for time, many with both parents working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent neighborhoods with limited public transport.
The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation: for health and well-being, as well as lost opportunities (机会) for children to get to know their local surroundings. And for parents there are lost opportunities to walk and talk with their young scholar about their day.
Most parents will have eagerly asked their child about their day, only to meet with a “good”, quickly followed by “I’m hungry”. This is also my experience as a mother. But somewhere over the daily walk more about my son’s day comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear more.
Many primary schools support walking school-bus routes (路线), with days of regular, parent-accompanied walks. Doing just one of these a few times a week is better than nothing. It can be tough to begin and takes a little planning — running shoes by the front door, lunches made the night before, umbrellas on rainy days and hats on hot ones — but it’s certainly worth trying.
introduce the topic
causes
phenomenon
consequences
measure
comment
16．We can learn from the passage that to walk school-bus routes, _________
A．many schools encourage parents to accompany kids to school.
B．kids need to make no preparation.
C．parents don’t have to take weather condition into consideration
D．parents have to stick to it every day.
小|清|新|通|用|演|示|模|板
GENERAL DEMONSTRATION TEMPLATE OF FRESH WATERCOLOR
单击此处输入你的正文，文字是您思想的提炼，为了最终演示发布的良好效果
05
Passage
2021年全国I卷C篇
problem-solution pattern
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl（水禽） were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat(栖息地).
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory(迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, Iowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 percent of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
solution:实施措施--鸭票项目
effect: 影响及效果--最成功的野生动物保护项目
17. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America
A. Loss of wetlands.
B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers.
D. Arrival of other wild animals.
Problem-causes:发现问题--水禽及栖息地遭到破坏
18. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph
A. Acquire.
B. Export.
C. Destroy.
D. Distribute.
要猜到这个词义，表前后逻辑关系的词Unfortunately 非常重要，它表示的一定是贬义色彩；如果还不明白，下一句were killed 进一步说明了问题。
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl（水禽） were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat(栖息地).
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory(迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, Iowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 percent of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
solution:实施措施--鸭票项目
19. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934
A. The stamp price has gone down.
B. The migratory birds have flown away.
C. The hunters have stopped hunting.
D. The government has collected money.
Problem-causes:发现问题--水禽及栖息地遭到破坏
effect: 影响及效果--最成功的野生动物保护项目
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl（水禽） were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat(栖息地).
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory(迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, Iowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 percent of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
solution:实施措施--鸭票项目
effect: 影响及效果--最成功的野生动物保护项目
20. Which of the following a suitable title for the text
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story.
B. The National Wildlife Refuge System.
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl
D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
Problem-causes:发现问题--水禽及栖息地遭到破坏
1.continent n. 大陆；洲
2. astonishing adj. 惊人的
3.variety n. 多样；种类；多样化
4.precious adj. 宝贵的；珍贵的
5.resource n. 资源
6.decimate v. 毁掉；大量杀死；
7.handful n. 一把；少数；
8.overly adv. 过度地；极度地
9.ambitious adj. 有雄心的；
10..refuge n. 避难；避难所；
11.waterfowln. 水鸟；水禽
12.destruction n. 破坏；毁灭
13.vital adj. 至关重要的；生死攸关的
14.survival n. 幸存；生存；
15.annually adv. 每年；年年
16.purchase vt. 购买n. 购买；购买的物品
17.political adj. 政治的；政治上的；
18.cartoonist n. 漫画家
19.appointv. 任命；委派；指定；约定
20.inclusion n. 包含
21.available adj. 可利用的；可得到的；有空的；有效的
22.generation n. 代；
23.habitat n. 栖息地；产地
24.conservation n. 保存；保护；节约
25.initiate vt. 开始；创始
26.decline v. 下降；减少；变弱；
27.export n. 输出；出口；
28.acquire vt. 获得；学到；取得29.distribute v. 分配；散发；分布
30.migratory adj. 迁移的；流浪的
重点短语 1. set foot upon 踏上
2.be alive with 充满
3. take care of 处理;应对; 照顾;
4. a handful of 一把; 一小撮; 少数;
5.take firm action to do 采取果断行动
6.go directly into直接被应用于
7. be available for 有效;有空做……;可供……利用
8. go down 下降；平静下来
问题/现象
分析问题
（后果）
措施、解决方法
呼吁
&
建议
&
评价...
Summary
problem-solution pattern
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选择性必修三Unit2 reading & thinking
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试卷名称 篇目 主题语境 话题 体裁 说明对象
2023年新课标Ⅰ卷 C 人与自我 数字极简生活方式 说明文 新理论
D 人与社会 群体智慧效应 说明文 研究报告
2022年新课标Ⅰ卷 B 人与社会 零废弃的生活方式 说明文 社会现象
C 人与社会 关爱老人 说明文 新做法
D 人与社会 人类语音发展与农业之间的关系 说明文 研究报告
2021年新课标Ⅰ卷 C 人与自然 野生动物保护----美国联邦鸭票计划 说明文 新事物
D 人与社会 情商 说明文 研究报告
近三年新课标1卷阅读理解说明文概况
主题说明型
问题解决型
研究发现型
问题解决型：问题 分析问题（因果） 解决措施 呼吁或建议或评价
主题说明型：引出主题（a phenomenon / project / plan/ debate/ theory... ） 解释主题 拓展主题（利弊、因果、影响、意义、评价...）
研究发现型：研究发现 研究过程：背景、目标、对象、原理、方法、数据、结果... 研究结论：前景、影响、意义、评价、未来方向、不足...
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01
Passage
problem-solution pattern
Amsterdam, with its scenic canals lined with picturesque, 17th-and 18th-century buildings, a major European tourist destination, is slowly collapsing.
Sinkholes are appearing in small streets, and nearly half its 1,700 bridges are unstable and need repairs. The fundamental problem is the state of the canal walls: about 125 miles of them are so broken that they are in danger of collapsing into the canals, potentially taking buildings and people with them. As a huge project to shore up the canal walls gets underway, the city is beginning to look like one huge construction site.
Like much of the Netherlands, Amsterdam lies below sea level. Built on a swamp and heavily expanded in the 17th century, the city sits on millions of wooden piles that serve as foundations. As modern life changed the city, many houses were strengthened with concrete, but the foundations of streets and canal walls were ignored. Many of the wooden piles have shifted, cracked or collapsed under the pressure, causing bridges and can al side walls to sink and crack. Water then seeps in, washing away mortar(砂浆), further hollowing out the infrastructure and creating sinkholes.
The alderman, Mr. De Vries, said that if the city had continued to ignore the problem, it would have headed straight for a catastrophe. The reconstruction will take at least 20 years and will cost 2 billion euros, perhaps even more. “These are big numbers, and work needs to take place in a very busy, closely-populated area,” Mr. De Vries said. “People live here and work here, and we usually have many tourists.”
He acknowledged that Amsterdam in the coming years would look different from its usual postcard self. Still, he insisted that tourists should not be discouraged from visiting. “We invite everyone to come and see what we are doing,” he said. “We want visitors to realize that such a magnificent city needs maintenance.”
Problem
Causes
Solutions
1．What problem does Amsterdam face
A．Collapsed buildings pose a threat to tourists.
B．Bridges under construction disturb citizens’ life.
C．The canal walls are in danger of falling down.
D．Many old streets are in badly need of being widened.
further explain the problem
Amsterdam, with its scenic canals lined with picturesque, 17th-and 18th-century buildings, a major European tourist destination, is slowly collapsing.
Sinkholes are appearing in small streets, and nearly half its 1,700 bridges are unstable and need repairs. The fundamental problem is the state of the canal walls: about 125 miles of them are so broken that they are in danger of collapsing into the canals, potentially taking buildings and people with them. As a huge project to shore up the canal walls gets underway, the city is beginning to look like one huge construction site.
Like much of the Netherlands, Amsterdam lies below sea level. Built on a swamp and heavily expanded in the 17th century, the city sits on millions of wooden piles that serve as foundations. As modern life changed the city, many houses were strengthened with concrete, but the foundations of streets and canal walls were ignored. Many of the wooden piles have shifted, cracked or collapsed under the pressure, causing bridges and can al side walls to sink and crack. Water then seeps in, washing away mortar(砂浆), further hollowing out the infrastructure and creating sinkholes.
The alderman, Mr. De Vries, said that if the city had continued to ignore the problem, it would have headed straight for a catastrophe. The reconstruction will take at least 20 years and will cost 2 billion euros, perhaps even more. “These are big numbers, and work needs to take place in a very busy, closely-populated area,” Mr. De Vries said. “People live here and work here, and we usually have many tourists.”
He acknowledged that Amsterdam in the coming years would look different from its usual postcard self. Still, he insisted that tourists should not be discouraged from visiting. “We invite everyone to come and see what we are doing,” he said. “We want visitors to realize that such a magnificent city needs maintenance.”
Problem
Causes
Solutions
2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．Ways of building canal walls.
B．Causes of sinkholes in Amsterdam.
C．The effects of broken bridges on the city.
D．The geographical features of Amsterdam.
further explain the problem
Amsterdam, with its scenic canals lined with picturesque, 17th-and 18th-century buildings, a major European tourist destination, is slowly collapsing.
Sinkholes are appearing in small streets, and nearly half its 1,700 bridges are unstable and need repairs. The fundamental problem is the state of the canal walls: about 125 miles of them are so broken that they are in danger of collapsing into the canals, potentially taking buildings and people with them. As a huge project to shore up the canal walls gets underway, the city is beginning to look like one huge construction site.
Like much of the Netherlands, Amsterdam lies below sea level. Built on a swamp and heavily expanded in the 17th century, the city sits on millions of wooden piles that serve as foundations. As modern life changed the city, many houses were strengthened with concrete, but the foundations of streets and canal walls were ignored. Many of the wooden piles have shifted, cracked or collapsed under the pressure, causing bridges and can al side walls to sink and crack. Water then seeps in, washing away mortar(砂浆), further hollowing out the infrastructure and creating sinkholes.
The alderman, Mr. De Vries, said that if the city had continued to ignore the problem, it would have headed straight for a catastrophe. The reconstruction will take at least 20 years and will cost 2 billion euros, perhaps even more. “These are big numbers, and work needs to take place in a very busy, closely-populated area,” Mr. De Vries said. “People live here and work here, and we usually have many tourists.”
He acknowledged that Amsterdam in the coming years would look different from its usual postcard self. Still, he insisted that tourists should not be discouraged from visiting. “We invite everyone to come and see what we are doing,” he said. “We want visitors to realize that such a magnificent city needs maintenance.”
Problem
Causes
Solutions
3．What can we learn about the reconstruction work
A．It is costly.
B．It demands more than three decades.
C．It is a huge and dangerous task. D．It will promote local employment.
4．Which statement may Mr. De Vries agree with
A．The city will no longer be as magnificent as it used to be.
B．Modernity is usually achieved at a cost of the environment.
C．Maintenance and tourism should continue at the same time.
D．Repairs have become a serious obstacle to the city’s growth.
further explain the problem
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02
Passage
problem-solution pattern
A China plane struck a bird after taking off in Chengdu, Sichuan, and had to immediately return to the airport last October, and it wasn’t the first accident between an aircraft and a bird last year.
In fact, more than 20,000 wildlife strikes with aircraft were reported worldwide in 2023—the vast majority of those animals being birds. The strikes can also include run-ins with bats or creatures on the ground, such as deer or turtles. Expanding wildlife populations, increases in number of aircraft movements, and a trend toward faster and quieter aireraft all have contributed to the increase in wildlife strikes.
Bird strikes are a hazard not just to commercial airplanes, but to all sorts of aircraft. However, historical data shows that damage is reported in a small percentage of incidents. Last year, 95% of the global strikes involved some kind of damage — and only 5% of those caused “substantial” damage.
Some of the most disturbing types of strikes can happen when one or more birds go into a plane’s engine, which might cause a lot of damage to the aircraft. The pilot would need to return to the airport or find a safe place to land.
In last October’s China plane incident, the Beijing-bound flight was able to land normally in Chengdu after taking into account what the airline described as security concerns. Senior captain Chen Jianguo said pilots are trained on how to respond if they have a bird strike in flight. The pilot in this case did exactly what he was trained to do.
“There are lots of things that are being used by airports to try to manage the habitat and birds around the airport,” said Chen Jianguo. Airports need to manage bird habitats to reduce or get rid of trees and plants that shelter birds, or address wetlands that can attract birds. Collecting data on what kinds of birds are involved in strikes is equally important so the risks can better be managed. Many airports also use audible signals to scare birds away, such as the sounds of fireworks.
Problem/phenomenon
damage / consequences
solutions
causes
5.What is a cause of the increase in wildlife strikes
A. The poorly designed aircraft
B. The growing number of birds.
C. The destruction of wildlife habitats.
D. The absence of environmental awareness.
6.What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Danger. B. Delay.
C. Accident. D. Reminder.
7.What does the historical data tell us about bird strikes
A. They are a rare occurrence.
B. They usually damage engines.
C. Most of them cause slight damage.
D. Most of them involve one single bird.
8.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A. Ways to study bird behavior.
B. Measures to drive birds away.
C. Efforts to restore bird habitat.
D. Attempts to take care of birds.
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Title: California’s Forest---Where Have All the Trees Gone
03
Passage
2019年浙江卷C篇
problem-solution pattern
Title: California’s Forest---Where Have All the Trees Gone
California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素).
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪).
Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
Problem/phenomenon
further explain the phenomenon
causes
9. What is the second paragraph mainly about
A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B. The increasing variety of California big trees.
C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.
10. Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees
A. Ecological studies of forests.
B. Banning woodcutting.
C. Limiting housing development.
D. Fire control measures.
California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素).
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪).
Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
Problem/phenomenon
further explain the phenomen
causes
11.What is a major cause of the water shortage according to Mclntyre
A. Inadequate snowmelt.
B. A longer dry season.
C. A warmer climate.
D. Dampness of the air.
12.What can be a suitable title for the text
A. California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone
B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests
D. Patrick Mclntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
长难句解析
1. But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
分析: in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010作状语，句子的主语是Mclntyre and his colleagues，谓语是 documented，a widespread death是宾语。that引导的是定语从句，修饰 death。
翻译: 但是把20世纪20年代和30年代对加利福尼亚森林的研究和2001年至2010年的研究结果比较，Mcintyre和他的同事发现甚至在野外受到保护，免受砍伐和开发的大树也大范围地死亡。
长难句解析
2. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt.
分析: 这是一个主从复合句，that引导定语从句，先行词是“a computer model”；“how much”引导宾语从句；“taking into account”现在分词做状语。
翻译: 研究人员用一个计算机模型计算出了水分胁迫，该模型计算出与树木需要的水分相比，它获得的水量，同时考虑了降雨，气温，土壤湿度和融雪时间等因素。
1.decline
2.ecologist
3.aggressive
4.widespread
5.dampness
6.available
7.distribution
8.shortage
9.inadequate
10.prohibit
11. calculate
1.n.下降；衰退vi.下降；谢绝vt..婉拒
2.n.生态学者；生态保护论者，生态学家
3. adj.侵略性的；好斗的；有进取心的；
4.adj.普遍的，广泛的；分布广的
5.n.潮湿；湿气 湿度
6.adj.可获得的；可购得的；可找到的 ; 可得到的 ;
7. n.分布；分配；供应
8.n.缺乏,不足
9.adj.不充分的，不适当的
10.vt.阻止，禁止
11.vi.计算；以为；作打算vt.计算；预测；认为；
词汇积累
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04
Passage
2021年浙江卷1月B篇
problem-solution pattern
（2021年1月B）At the start of the 20th century, an American engineer named John Elfreth Watkins made predictions about life today. His predictions about slowing population growth, mobile phones and increasing height were close to the mark. But he was wrong in one prediction: that everybody would walk 10 miles a day.
Today, in Australia, most children on average fall 2,000 steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid being overweight. In the early 1970s, 40 per cent of children walked to school, while in 2010, it was as low as 15 per cent.
The decline is not because we have all become lazy. Families are pressed for time, many with both parents working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent neighborhoods with limited public transport.
The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation: for health and well-being, as well as lost opportunities (机会) for children to get to know their local surroundings. And for parents there are lost opportunities to walk and talk with their young scholar about their day.
Most parents will have eagerly asked their child about their day, only to meet with a “good”, quickly followed by “I’m hungry”. This is also my experience as a mother. But somewhere over the daily walk more about my son’s day comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear more.
Many primary schools support walking school-bus routes (路线), with days of regular, parent-accompanied walks. Doing just one of these a few times a week is better than nothing. It can be tough to begin and takes a little planning — running shoes by the front door, lunches made the night before, umbrellas on rainy days and hats on hot ones — but it’s certainly worth trying.
introduce the topic
causes
phenomenon
consequences
measure
comment
13. Why does the author mention Watkins' predictions in the first paragraph
A.To make comparisons.
B.To introduce the topic.
C.To support her argument.
D.To provide examples.
14．What has caused the decrease in Australian children's physical activity
A．Plain laziness.
B．Health problems.
C．Lack of time.
D．Security concerns.
（2021年1月B）At the start of the 20th century, an American engineer named John Elfreth Watkins made predictions about life today. His predictions about slowing population growth, mobile phones and increasing height were close to the mark. But he was wrong in one prediction: that everybody would walk 10 miles a day.
Today, in Australia, most children on average fall 2,000 steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid being overweight. In the early 1970s, 40 per cent of children walked to school, while in 2010, it was as low as 15 per cent.
The decline is not because we have all become lazy. Families are pressed for time, many with both parents working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent neighborhoods with limited public transport.
The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation: for health and well-being, as well as lost opportunities (机会) for children to get to know their local surroundings. And for parents there are lost opportunities to walk and talk with their young scholar about their day.
Most parents will have eagerly asked their child about their day, only to meet with a “good”, quickly followed by “I’m hungry”. This is also my experience as a mother. But somewhere over the daily walk more about my son’s day comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear more.
Many primary schools support walking school-bus routes (路线), with days of regular, parent-accompanied walks. Doing just one of these a few times a week is better than nothing. It can be tough to begin and takes a little planning — running shoes by the front door, lunches made the night before, umbrellas on rainy days and hats on hot ones — but it’s certainly worth trying.
introduce the topic
causes
phenomenon
consequences
measure
comment
15．Why does the author find walking with her son worthwhile
A．She can get relaxed after work.
B．She can keep physically fit.
C．She can help with her son's study.
D．She can know her son better.
（2021年1月B）At the start of the 20th century, an American engineer named John Elfreth Watkins made predictions about life today. His predictions about slowing population growth, mobile phones and increasing height were close to the mark. But he was wrong in one prediction: that everybody would walk 10 miles a day.
Today, in Australia, most children on average fall 2,000 steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid being overweight. In the early 1970s, 40 per cent of children walked to school, while in 2010, it was as low as 15 per cent.
The decline is not because we have all become lazy. Families are pressed for time, many with both parents working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent neighborhoods with limited public transport.
The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation: for health and well-being, as well as lost opportunities (机会) for children to get to know their local surroundings. And for parents there are lost opportunities to walk and talk with their young scholar about their day.
Most parents will have eagerly asked their child about their day, only to meet with a “good”, quickly followed by “I’m hungry”. This is also my experience as a mother. But somewhere over the daily walk more about my son’s day comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear more.
Many primary schools support walking school-bus routes (路线), with days of regular, parent-accompanied walks. Doing just one of these a few times a week is better than nothing. It can be tough to begin and takes a little planning — running shoes by the front door, lunches made the night before, umbrellas on rainy days and hats on hot ones — but it’s certainly worth trying.
introduce the topic
causes
phenomenon
consequences
measure
comment
16．We can learn from the passage that to walk school-bus routes, _________
A．many schools encourage parents to accompany kids to school.
B．kids need to make no preparation.
C．parents don’t have to take weather condition into consideration
D．parents have to stick to it every day.
小|清|新|通|用|演|示|模|板
GENERAL DEMONSTRATION TEMPLATE OF FRESH WATERCOLOR
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05
Passage
2021年全国I卷C篇
problem-solution pattern
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl（水禽） were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat(栖息地).
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory(迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, Iowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 percent of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
solution:实施措施--鸭票项目
effect: 影响及效果--最成功的野生动物保护项目
17. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America
A. Loss of wetlands.
B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers.
D. Arrival of other wild animals.
Problem-causes:发现问题--水禽及栖息地遭到破坏
18. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph
A. Acquire.
B. Export.
C. Destroy.
D. Distribute.
要猜到这个词义，表前后逻辑关系的词Unfortunately 非常重要，它表示的一定是贬义色彩；如果还不明白，下一句were killed 进一步说明了问题。
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl（水禽） were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat(栖息地).
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory(迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, Iowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 percent of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
solution:实施措施--鸭票项目
19. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934
A. The stamp price has gone down.
B. The migratory birds have flown away.
C. The hunters have stopped hunting.
D. The government has collected money.
Problem-causes:发现问题--水禽及栖息地遭到破坏
effect: 影响及效果--最成功的野生动物保护项目
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl（水禽） were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat(栖息地).
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory(迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, Iowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 percent of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
solution:实施措施--鸭票项目
effect: 影响及效果--最成功的野生动物保护项目
20. Which of the following a suitable title for the text
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story.
B. The National Wildlife Refuge System.
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl
D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
Problem-causes:发现问题--水禽及栖息地遭到破坏
1.continent n. 大陆；洲
2. astonishing adj. 惊人的
3.variety n. 多样；种类；多样化
4.precious adj. 宝贵的；珍贵的
5.resource n. 资源
6.decimate v. 毁掉；大量杀死；
7.handful n. 一把；少数；
8.overly adv. 过度地；极度地
9.ambitious adj. 有雄心的；
10..refuge n. 避难；避难所；
11.waterfowln. 水鸟；水禽
12.destruction n. 破坏；毁灭
13.vital adj. 至关重要的；生死攸关的
14.survival n. 幸存；生存；
15.annually adv. 每年；年年
16.purchase vt. 购买n. 购买；购买的物品
17.political adj. 政治的；政治上的；
18.cartoonist n. 漫画家
19.appointv. 任命；委派；指定；约定
20.inclusion n. 包含
21.available adj. 可利用的；可得到的；有空的；有效的
22.generation n. 代；
23.habitat n. 栖息地；产地
24.conservation n. 保存；保护；节约
25.initiate vt. 开始；创始
26.decline v. 下降；减少；变弱；
27.export n. 输出；出口；
28.acquire vt. 获得；学到；取得29.distribute v. 分配；散发；分布
30.migratory adj. 迁移的；流浪的
重点短语 1. set foot upon 踏上
2.be alive with 充满
3. take care of 处理;应对; 照顾;
4. a handful of 一把; 一小撮; 少数;
5.take firm action to do 采取果断行动
6.go directly into直接被应用于
7. be available for 有效;有空做……;可供……利用
8. go down 下降；平静下来
问题/现象
分析问题
（后果）
措施、解决方法
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Summary
problem-solution pattern
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GENERAL DEMONSTRATION TEMPLATE OF FRESH WATERCOLOR
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