(共104张PPT)
初中英语人教版八年级下册
Unit 7 What's the highest mountain in the world
Section A (1a-1c)
学习目标
Key words & phrases:
square; square kilometer; meter; deep; desert; any other; geographical.
Key sentences:
1. It's higher than any other mountain in the world.
2. Which is the deepest salt lake in the world
3. It seems that you know the answers to all my questions.
To talk about geography and nature.
Look and say
Can you read these large numbers
warming up
hundred
百
thousand
千
million
百万
billion
十亿
trillion
万亿
9,600,000
1,025
6,671
8,844.43
nine million six hundred thousand
one thousand and twenty-five
six thousand six hundred and seventy-one
eight thousand eight hundred and forty-four point four three
What are these descriptions for
9,600,000
1,025
6,671
8,844.43
square kilometers in size
meters deep
kilometers long
meters high
平方千米
meter n. 米; 公尺
adj. 深的；纵深的
（面积、体积等）大小
land
sea
river
mountain
Do you know these famous places in the world
Qomolangma
the Nile
the Caspian Sea
the Sahara
['t m lɑ: m ]
[s 'hɑ:r ]
['k spi n]
[na l]
珠穆朗玛峰是世界海拔最高的山峰，高度为8844.43米。
Qomolangma
the Nile
尼罗河长6671千米，是世界上最长的河流。
the Caspian Sea
里海虽称海，但却是一个巨大的内陆咸水湖，是世界上最大的湖泊。
the Sahara
撒哈拉沙漠形成于约250万年前，是世界上最大的沙质荒漠。
Can you say anything else about these famous places
Free talk
People can float on the Caspian Sea even though they can't swim.
Pre-listening
Match the facts you know.
1a
Qomolangma About 9,600,000 square kilometers in size
The Sahara 1,025 meters deep
The Caspian Sea 6,671 kilometers long
The Nile 8,844.43 meters high
Mountain River Sea/Lake Desert
Feature
Most
Least
height
Fill in the table.
highest/tallest
lowest/shortest
length
longest
shortest
depth
deepest
shallowest
area
biggest
smallest
Listen and complete the sentences.
1b
Qomolangma is _____________ than any other mountain in the world.
The Sahara is _____________ desert in the world.
The Caspian Sea is _______________ of all the salt lakes.
The Nile is _________________ river in the world.
higher
the biggest
the deepest
the longest
n. 沙漠
While-listening
Listen and read.
Teacher: Yesterday, we learned some important geographical facts. I hope you all still remember them. I'm going to test you now by asking a few questions. First, what's the highest mountain in the world
Boy 1: Qomolangma! It's higher than any other mountain in the world.
Teacher: That's right. And who can tell me what the Sahara is
Girl 1: The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.
Teacher: Very good. And which is the deepest salt lake in the world
地理事实
Girl 2: The Caspian Sea is the deepest of all the salt lakes.
Teacher: You're all so smart! Now, for the last question, which is the
longest river in the world
Boy 2: I know! The Nile is the longest river in the world.
Boy 1: And the Amazon is the second longest river in the world.
Teacher: It seems that you know the answers to all my questions. Good job!
the+序数词+形容词最高级 第几……的
Let's watch a video !
Post-listening
Use the information in 1b to make conversations.
1c
Qomolangma.
What is the highest mountain in the world
What is the biggest desert in the world
The Sahara.
Think of other objects that are high, big, deep or long and describe them.
I live in the highest building in the city.
We have the biggest field of all the high schools in town.
Helen has the longest hair in the class.
Language points
1. 长、宽、高、深、面积的表达方法
The river is 20 meters wide. = The river is 20 meters in width.
基数词 + 单位词 + 形容词（long, wide, high, deep等）
基数词 + 单位词 + in + 名词（length, width, height, depth, size等）
【拓展延伸】作定语时用合成词“数词 - 单位词单数- 形容词”。
This 20-meter-long rope isn’t long enough to help climb the mountain.
2. Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain in the world.
该结构意为“比其他任何一个……都……”，指同一范围内比较，表示最高级含义。
She is thinner than any other student in her class. = She is the thinnest in her class.
other必不可少，用以将主语从比较对象中排除，避免逻辑矛盾。
比较级 + than any other + 可数名词单数
【特别提醒】如果比较对象不在同一范围内或不属于同一类别，应用“形容词/副词比较级 + than any（任何的） + 可数名词单数”。
The Pacific Ocean is larger than any lake in the world.
练一练
Hulunbuir is bigger than _____________ city in China.
Hulunbuir is bigger than _____________ city in Anhui.
any other
any
谈论物体的
宽度
深度
高度
长度
tall/high
deep
long
wide
—It's + 数量+high/tall/long/wide/deep.
1. —How high/tall/long/wide/deep...+ is + 主语
2. 数词+ square kilometer(s)
数词+ square meter(s)
in size
Summary
英语表示“有多长（宽，高……）”时，一般将_____和__________ 放在表示长宽高的形容词___。
数词
数量单位
前
初中英语人教版八年级下册
Unit 7 What's the highest mountain in the world
Section A (2a-2d)
学习目标
Key words & phrases:
population; Asian; feel free; tour; tourist; wall; amazing; ancient; protect; wide; as far as I know; man-made; one of the oldest countries; as...as...; the same as.
Key sentences:
1. It's a lot bigger than the population of the United States.
2. As far as I know, there are no other man-made objects as big as this.
3. The main reason was to protect their part of the country.
To review the comparatives and superlatives .
Warming up
Do you know any geographical facts about China
Yangtze River
Yellow River
How long are the two famous rivers
What's the population of China
人口数量
How long is the Great Wall
Great Wall
Pre-listening
Look and say
6300
5000
5465
300
Read the numbers.
six thousand and three hundred
five thousand
five thousand, four hundred and sixty-five
three hundred
While-listening
2a
Listen and number the facts [1-4] in the order you hear them.
6,300 5,000 5,464 300
____ The Yangtze River is about ______ kilometers long and the Yellow River is _____ kilometers long.
____ China has the biggest population in the world. It’s a lot bigger than the population of the US.
____ China is over ________ years old. It has a much longer history than the US. The US is not even ________ years old.
____ China is almost as big as the US, and it is the biggest country in Asia.
4
2
1
3
n. 亚洲
长江
2b
Listen again and fill in the blanks in 2a with the numbers in the box.
____ The Yangtze River is about ________ kilometers
long and the Yellow River is __________
kilometers long.
____ China has the biggest population in the world.
It’s a lot bigger than the population of the US.
2
4
6,300
5,464
6,300 5,000 5,464 300
____ China is over ________ years old. It has a
much longer history than the US. The US is
not even _______ years old.
____ China is almost as big as the US, and it is the
biggest country in Asia.
1
3
5,000
300
Listen and read.
Mike：Hi, I’m Mike. I’m from the United States.
Boy： Welcome to our class, Mike. We’re happy to meet you.
Mike：Can you tell me a bit more about China
Girl： Sure! Did you know that China is one of the oldest countries in the world It’s over 5,000 years old.
Mike：Yes, I did. It’s much older than my country—in fact, the United States is one of the youngest countries in the world. It’s not even 300 years old.
Boy： And China has the biggest population, too. It’s a lot bigger than the population of the United States.
Mike：But China is about the same size as the US, right
Girl： Yes, and it’s the biggest country in Asia. We also have some famous rivers. The Yangtze River is the longest river in Asia. It’s about 6,300 kilometers long.
Mike：Wow! I didn’t know that. I thought the Yellow River was longer.
Boy： No, the Yellow River is 5,464 kilometers long. But both rivers are very important to China.
Post-listening
2c
Make conversations using the information in 2a.
Did you know that China is one of the oldest countries in the world
Yes, I did. It’s much older than my country.
one of +the +adj.最高级+n.复数
最……其中之一
Role-play the conversation.
2d
Guide: Feel free to ask me anything on today's Great Wall tour.
Tourist 1: How long is the wall
Guide: Ah, the most popular question! If we're only talking about the parts from the Ming Dynasty, it's about 8, 850 kilometers long. This makes it the longest wall in the world.
Tourist 2: Wow, that's amazing! Why did the ancient emperors build the wall
（可以）随便（做某事）,其后接动词不定式。
n. & v. 旅行；旅游
n. 墙
adj. 令人大为惊奇的；
令人惊喜（惊叹）的
adj. 古代的；古老的
n. 旅行者；观光者
Guide: The main reason was to protect their part of the country. As you can see, it's quite tall and wide. As far as I know, there are no other man-made objects as big as this.
Tourist 3: Is Badaling part of the Ming Great Wall
Guide: Yes, it's the most famous part.
v. 保护；防护
adj. 宽的；宽阔的
就我所知
adj. 人造的
不定式短语作表语
Read the conversation in 2d and answer the questions.
1. What is the conversation about
It’s about a tour to the Ming Great Wall.
2. How long is the Ming Great Wall
It’s about 8,850 kilometers long.
3. What does the guide say about the wall
It’s quite tall and wide.
It’s the longest wall in the world.
There are no man-made objects as big as this.
…
Let's practice
Make eye contact.
Express interest in what other person is saying.
If you are not familiar with the subject matter, just ask questions.
Feel confident and do not hesitate to take part in a conversation.
Enjoy the conversation.
Role-play in groups of four.
Some tips:
Let's watch the video.
比较级和最高级变化规则
Revision
单音节词和部分双音节词 一般在词尾加-er/-est tall-taller-tallest
high-higher-highest
以字母e结尾的词加-r/-st fine-finer-finest
wide-wider-widest
重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写该辅音字母，再加-er/-est hot-hotter-hottest
big-bigger-biggest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，变“y” 为 “i”，再加-er/-est lazy-lazier-laziest
happy-happier-happiest
多音节词和部分双音节词在其前面加more/most (注意：形容词最高级前要加the) interesting-more /most interesting
popular-more/most popular
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/ill worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther further farthest furthest
old older elder oldest eldest
比较级和最高级不规则变化
Language points
1. China has the biggest population in the world.
① population 是集体名词，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
The population of the world continues to increase, but in some areas the population is falling.
② 表示有多少人口时，用“have/has a population of + 数词”，或“the population of … is + 数词”。
China has a population of about 1.4 billion. = The population of China is about 1.4 billion.
③ 询问人口多少时，用“What is the population of … ”或“How large is the population of … ”。
What/How large is the population of Henan Province
④ 表示人口多少时，用 big/large 或 small 修饰，而不能用 many，much 或 few 等。
India has a large population.
类似的，表示 price（价格）高低，用 high 或 low，不能用 expensive 或 cheap；表示 temperature（温度）高低，用 high 或 low，不能用 hot 或 cold。
2. Feel free to ask me anything on today’s Great Wall tour.
tour在此处作可数名词，还可以作动词。
They went on a tour around Europe last year. ( n.)
We toured Italy for our holiday last year. ( v.)
【拓展延伸】
tour (v.) + 后缀 -ist → tourist (n.) 旅行者；观光者
The tourists (n.) toured (v.) Hong Kong for holidays. They all enjoyed their tour (n.).
tour n. & v. 旅行；旅游
3. Wow, that’s amazing.
amazing一般用于修饰事物，amazed（感到惊奇的）常用于修饰人。 be amazed at 意为“对……感到惊讶”。
The amazing magic show made me feel so amazed.
I’m amazed at his rapid progress.
amazing adj. 令人大为惊奇的；令人惊喜（惊叹）的
【拓展延伸】类似的以 -ing（令人……），-ed（感到……）结尾的形容词：
interesting/interested, surprising/surprised, relaxing/relaxed, moving/moved, tiring/tired, boring/bored, exciting/excited, …
6. The main reason was to protect their part of the country.
protect此处用作及物动词, protect… against/from…“保护……免于……”。protection作不可数名词，意为“保护；防卫”。
Are we doing enough to protect the environment
He wears a scarf to protect himself against/from the strong wind.
It’s parents’ duty to provide protection for their children.
protect v. 保护；防护
初中英语人教版八年级下册
Unit 7 What's the highest mountain in the world
Section A (3a-3c)
学习目标
Key words & phrases:
achievement; southwestern; thick; include; freezing; condition; take in; succeed; challenge; in the face of; achieve; force; nature; even though; even if; risk one's life; achieve one's dream.
Key sentences:
1. Of all the mountains, Qomolangma rises the highest and is the most famous.
2. The first Chinese team did so in 1960, while the first woman to succeed was Junko Tabei from Japan in 1975.
To learn the spirit of mountain climbing.
Free talk
Do you like mountain climbing
Do you know the most popular place to go for it
One of the most popular places to go for mountain climbing is the Himalayas.
在喜马拉雅山脉之中，海拔在7000米以上的高峰有50多座，8000米以上的有16座，著名的有南峰、希夏邦马峰、干城章嘉峰。“喜马拉雅”在藏语中就是“冰雪之乡”的意思。这里终年冰雪覆盖，一座座冰峰如倚天的宝剑，一条条冰川像蜿蜒的银蛇。其中最为高耸的则是位于中国和尼泊尔边界上的珠穆朗玛峰，它以高达8844.43米的高度位居世界最高峰。
Background
珠穆朗玛峰(Qomolangma)，简称珠峰，又译作圣母峰，尼泊尔称为萨加马塔峰，也叫“埃非勒斯峰”（Everest），位于中华人民共和国和尼泊尔交界的喜马拉雅山脉之上，终年积雪。高度8844.43米，为世界第一高峰，中国最美的、令人震撼的十大名山之一。
Background
1953年5月29日，34岁来自新西兰的登山家埃德蒙·希拉里（Edmund Hillary）作为英国登山队队员与39岁的尼泊尔向导丹增·诺尔盖Tenzing Norgay 一起沿东南山脊路线登上珠穆朗玛峰，是纪录上第一个登顶成功的登山队伍。
Background
1960年5月25日，中华人民共和国人首次登上珠穆朗玛峰。他们是王富洲、贡布（藏族）、屈银华。此次攀登，也是首次从北坡攀登成功。
1975年5月16日，日本人田部井淳子的从南坡登上了珠峰。
1975年5月27日，中国登山队的藏族女队员潘多成为世界上第一个从北坡登上珠穆朗玛峰的女性。
2008年5月8日，中国登山队圣火传递珠穆朗玛峰突击队员，成功地把圣火从8300米突击队营地传递到了珠穆朗玛峰峰顶，创造了人类奥运历史上的奇迹。
Lead in
Let's watch the video.
What’s this video about
Mount Qomolangma.
What do you see in it
The view of Mount Qomolangma and other snow mountains, climbers, explorers, skiers and even an eagle camerist.
Do you want to climb Mount Qomolangma
Pre-reading
Let's predict !
Look at the picture and the title, and then guess.
Qomolangma—the Most Dangerous Mountain in the World
What might be the dangers of climbing Qomolangma
While-reading
Task 1 Skimming and matching
Match the main ideas with each paragraph.
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 3
Facts and Dangers
Achievements of Climbers
Spirit of Climbers
Task 2 Scanning
Read Para. 1 and find out the key words to finish the mind map.
facts
dangers
Facts and dangers
· Height:_________ meters high.
· Place: Himalayas ______ _____ _____ ___________ part of China.
· _____ clouds cover the top.
· Snow can fall _____ _____.
· _______ weather conditions.
·______ storms.
·_____ to ______ _____ air.
8844.43
run
along
the
southwestern
Thick
very hard
Freezing
Heavy
Hard
take in
Read Para. 2 and fill in the chart.
Task 3 Scanning for details
Who When Achievements
Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary 1.on____________ 2.The first people to ____________ of Qomolangma.
Chinese in 1960 3.The _________________ did so.
4.___________ in 1975 5.The ____________ to succeed.
May 29,1953
reach the top
first Chinese team
Junko Tabei
first woman
Task 4 Scanning and answering
Read Para.3 and answer the questions.
1.Why do so many climbers risk their lives
2.What spirit do the climbers show us
People want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties.
We should never give up trying to achieve our dreams and humans can sometime be stronger than the forces of nature.
Presentation
3a
Read the article and match each paragraph with the main ideas.
Paragraph 1 Spirit of climbers
Paragraph 2 Achievements of climbers
Paragraph 3 Facts and dangers
Qomolangma—the Most
Dangerous Mountain in the World
One of the world's most dangerous sports is mountain climbing, and one of the most popular places for this is the Himalayas. The Himalayas run along the southwestern part of China. Of all the mountains, Qomolangma rises the highest and is the most famous. It is 8,844.43 meters high and so is very dangerous to climb.
adj. 西南的；西南方向的
one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数 最……的……之一。
该结构作主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
Thick clouds cover the top and snow can fall very hard. Even more serious difficulties include freezing weather conditions and heavy storms. It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top.
The first people to reach the top were Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary on May 29, 1953. The first Chinese team did so in 1960, while the first woman to succeed was Junko Tabei from Japan in 1975.
v. 包括；包含
厚的；浓的 反义词：thin（瘦的；薄的）
= heavily
It is +adj. + to do sth. it为形式主语, 动词不定式短语为真正的主语。
Why do so many climbers risk their lives One of the main reasons is that people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties. The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams. It also shows that humans can sometimes be stronger than the forces of nature.
v. & n. 挑战；考验
v. 达成；完成；成功
n. 力；力量
n. 自然界；大自然
面对（问题、困难等）
the force of… ……的力量/力
3b
Read the article again and complete the chart.
Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraphs 1 & 3
List four dangers for climbers List three achievements List four comparisons
thick clouds
1953 – Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary were the first to reach the top
most dangerous sport
Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraphs 1 & 3
List four dangers for climbers List three achievements List four comparisons
thick clouds
very high
snow can fall very hard
freezing weather conditions
heavy storms
very hard to take in air as you get near the top
1953 – Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary were the first to reach the top
1960 – The first Chinese team reached the top
1975 – Junko Tabei from Japan was the first woman to reach the top
most dangerous sport
most popular place
highest
most famous
more serious difficulties
stronger than the forces of nature
3c
Answer the questions using information from the article.
Where are the Himalayas
The Himalayas run along the southwestern part of China.
2. How high is Qomolangma
Qomolangma is 8,844.43 meters high.
3. Why do so many people try to climb this mountain even though it is dangerous
Many people try to climb this mountain even though it is dangerous because they want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties.
4. What does the spirit of the climbers tell us
The spirit of the climbers tells us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams.
= even if 即使；虽然（引导让步状语从句，不能和but连用）
Fill in the blanks according to the passage.
One of the most ___________ sports in the world is mountain _________, and one of the most _________ places to go for this is the Himalayas. These extremely high _______ attract(吸引) _________ from all over the world. Many people say this is one of the most ________ parts of the world.The Himalayas _______ along the ____________ part of china. Of all the mountains, Qomolangma is the _________ and the most _________.
dangerous
climbing
popular
risks
climbers
famous
run
southwestern
highest
famous
It’s _____________ to climb Qomolangma because thick clouds _______ the top of the mountain. Even more serious ___________ include the freezing ___________ conditions and the _______ storms.The first _________ to reach the top of Qomolangma – Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary – did it in 1953. The first Chinese team __________ the top in 1960, and in 1975, the first __________ did it too.
the hardest
cover
difficulties
weather
heavy
people
reached
woman
Language points
1. Even more serious difficulties include freezing weather conditions and heavy storms.
His job includes looking after the wounded.
including 介词 意为“包括……在内”，后接名词或代词作宾语。
included 形容词 意为“包括在内的”，位于所修饰的名词或代词后。
There are 40 students in the classroom, including me.
= There are 40 students in the classroom, me included.
【拓展延伸】
include v. 包括；包含
difficulty既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，在此用作可数名词。
作可数名词时，difficulty通常用作复数，表示具体概念，即：各种各样的“困难；难题；难事”。例如：
e.g. People learning a new language may face some difficulties.
人们学习一门新的语言时可能会遇到一些困难。
e.g. If you have any difficulties, you can call me for help.
如果你遇到任何困难，给我打电话。
作不可数名词时，difficulty可译作“困难；艰难；辛苦；费劲”。
e.g. He had great difficulty in finding a new job.
他找新的工作费了很大劲。
e.g. We found the house without difficulty.
我们轻而易举地找到了那座房子。
freezing adj. 极冷的；冰冻的
相当于extremely cold
【拓展延伸】
freezing 可以作名词，意为“冰点”。
e.g. The temperature is below freezing.
freeze v.冻结；使冻住，其过去式及过去分词分别为
froze和frozen。
e.g. Water freezes at 0℃.
condition n. 条件；状况
既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，在此用作可数名词。
【常用短语】
be in good/bad condition 处于良好/糟糕的状态
weather condition 天气状况
living condition 居住条件
out of condition 健康状况不佳
2. …, while the first woman to succeed was Junko Tabei from Japan in 1975.
succeed 作不及物动词，其后不能直接跟宾语，主语通常是人或组织等，succeed in doing sth. 表示“成功做某事”。
Very few people succeed in losing weight and keeping it off.
succeed v. 实现目标；成功
【拓展延伸】成功相关的词 反义词
succeed v. 成功 fail v. 失败
success n. 成功 failure / unsuccess n. 失败
successful adj. 成功的 unsuccessful adj. 不成功的
successfully adv. 成功地 unsuccessfully adv. 不成功地
3. The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams.
achieve 在此作及物动词，其主语通常为人， 宾语通常为目标、目的或胜利、成功等。achieve one’s dream=realize one’s dream=make one’s dream come true, 意为“实现某人的梦想”。
He achieved/realized his dream of becoming an engineer.
= His dream of becoming an engineer came true.
【拓展延伸】achieve + 后缀 -ment → achievement n. 成就；成绩
achieve v.达成；完成；成功
4. It also shows that humans can sometimes be stronger than the forces of nature.
force既可指实际意义上的力，如自然力，又可指抽象意义的力，如影响力。the force of“……的力量/力”。
He changed the world through the force of his ideas.
【拓展延伸】force还可作动词，意为“迫使；强迫”，force sb. to do sth. 表示“迫使某人做某事”。
Wars forced them to leave their homes.
force n. 力；力量
初中英语人教版八年级下册
Unit 7 What's the highest mountain in the world
Section A (GF-4c)
学习目标
Key words & phrases:
ocean; the Pacific Ocean; as...as; any other... .
Key sentences:
1. Did you know that China is one of the oldest countries in the world
2. No ocean is as big as the Pacific Ocean.
3. It's higher than any other mountain.
To review the comparatives and superlatives by making comparisons.
REVISION
Some interesting facts about Qomolangma.
Qomolangma is 8,844.43 meters high and is still growing.
It takes at least 30,000 USD to climb Qomolangma.
More than 7,000 climbers reach the summit of Qomolangma.
About 300 people have died on the mountain.
The summit of Qomolangma is on the border of Nepal and China. Nepal lies to the south and China to the north.
8,844.43
30,000
7,000
eight thousand eight hundred and forty-four point four three
thirty thousand
Can you read these large numbers
seven thousand
61,021
sixty-one thousand and twenty-one
大数字的表达和读法
大于1000的基数词的表达法：
①从数字的右端向左数，每三位数加一个逗点；
②第一个逗点前的数为thousand（千），
第二个逗点前的数为million（百万），
第三个逗点前的数为billion（十亿）。
③读的时候通常在hundred后加and，如果百位数为0，则在thousand
后加and。
Grammar Focus
Presentation
What’s the highest mountain in the world Qomolangma.
How high is Qomolangma It’s 8,844.43 meters high. It’s higher than any other mountain.
Which is the deepest salt lake in the world The Caspian Sea is the deepest of all the salt lakes.
Did you know that China is one of the oldest countries in the world Yes, I did. It’s much older than the US.
Find the comparatives and superlatives.
此句型用比较级表达最高级含义
Grammar
回顾
形容词和副词通常有三种级别：
原级（Positive form）：没有比较含义，“……”；
比较级（Comparative form）：两者间比较，“更……”；
最高级（Superlative form）：三者及三者以上比较，“最……”。
注意：某些形容词和副词只用原级，如：perfect，excellent，dead等。
形容词和副词的比较级用于两者之间的比较, 表示“较…...”或“更……一些”；形容词和副词的最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或物之间的比较，表示“最……”形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词the，副词最高级前的the可以省略。
语法概述
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
一、比较级和最高级的构成
1. 规则变化
单音节和部分双音节词 多音节词和部分双音节词
一般在词尾直接加 -er或-est 以e结尾的，加-r或 -st 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，改y为i加-er或-est 重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的，双写这个辅音字母后加 -er或-est 在单词前加 more构成比较级，加most构成最高级
long→longer→longest nice→nicer→nicest heavy→heavier→heaviest big→bigger→biggest beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful
2. 不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
many/much more most
bad/badly worse worst
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
“比较级+than any other+可数名词单数”=“比较级+than the other+可数名词复数”表示“比其他任何……都……”, 表示最高级含义， 可与表示最高级的句子进行转换。
My father is the tallest one in my family.
=My father is taller than any other member in my family.
=My father is taller than the other members in my family.
可用于修饰形容词和副词比较级程度的副词（短语）有：
much, a little, even, a lot, a bit, far等。
二、比较级的用法
1.（the + ）最高级 + in/of 短语
该结构意为“……中最……的”。
I think spring is the best time of a year.
Tom works (the) hardest in Class 3.
2. one of the + 最高级 + 可数名词复数 + in/of 短语
该结构意为“……中最……的……之一”。
Hangzhou is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.
of与in都有“在......当中”的意思。但它们有严格的区别。用of的时候,主语同of后面的词是指同一类的人或物。而用in的时候,主语同in后面的词是指不同类的人或物。
三、最高级的用法
3. the + 序数词 + 最高级 + 可数名词单数 + in/of 短语
该结构意为“……在……中是第几……的……”（从第二开始）。
China is the third largest country in the world.
4. Which/Who … + 最高级, A, B or C
该结构意为“A，B，C中，哪个/谁最……？”。
Which is the biggest, Beijing, Shanghai or Guangzhou
【特别提醒】
(1)最高级前有物主代词、名词所有格等修饰时，其前不加the。
The Yangtze River is China’s longest river.
(2)当most表示“非常”时，其前不加the。
It is a most useful book.
4a
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.
1. The Amazon River is one of the _________ rivers in the world. It’s a little ________ than the Yangtze River.
2. Qomolangma is 8,844.43 meters _______. It’s one of the most __________ places for serious mountain climbers.
3. No ocean in the world is as ________ as the Pacific Ocean.
4. Although Japan is _______ than Canada, it is ________ smaller.
big
much
popular
long
old
high
longest
longer
high
popular
big
older
much
太平洋
n. 大海，海洋
Make comparisons according to the table.
the Nile River the Amazon River the Yangtze River the Yellow River
6,671 km 6,480 km 6,300 km 5,464 km
The Nile River is the longest river in the world.
No river in the world is as long as the Nile River.
The Amazon River is one of the longest rivers in the world.
The Amazon River is a little longer than the Yangtze River.
The Nile River is much longer than the Yellow River.
4b
Write two comparisons about two topics. Write true facts.
e.g. Two rivers: the Yangtze River and the Amazon River
The Yangtze River is almost as long as the Amazon River.
The Amazon is longer than the Yangtze, but the Yangtze is the longest river in China.
Two cities: ________________ and _______________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
Two animals: ________________ and _______________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
Singapore
Kuala Lumpur
Kuala Lumpur is as modern as Singapore.
Singapore is bigger than Kuala Lumpur and has a larger population than Kuala Lumper.
Rabbit
Snail
A rabbit is bigger than a snail.
A snail is a lot smaller than a rabbit, and it runs much more slowly than a rabbit.
4c
Write five questions using comparisons. Then ask your partner your questions.
1. _____________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________
What is the highest building in our city
What is the busiest subway station in our city
What is the largest shopping mall in our city
Which is the biggest park in our city
Which is the longest road in our city
Language points
No ocean in the world is as big as the Pacific Ocean.
as+形容词/副词原级+as 表示双方在程度、性质、特征等方面一样。此句意为“世界上没有和太平洋一样大的海洋”，表示“太平洋是世界上最大的海洋” ，表示最高级含义，可与表示最高级的句子进行转换。
否定句型：not...as/so+形容词/副词原级+as 意为“不如……”。
Thank you!
