(共113张PPT)
初中英语人教版八年级下册
Unit 2
I'll help to clean up the city parks.
Section A (1a-1c)
学习目标
Key words & phrases:
cheer; volunteer; clean up; cheer up; give out; homeless peolple; food bank; feed sb.; help...with...
Key sentences:
1. The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up.
2. I'll help to clean up the city parks.
3. The girl could volunteer in an after-school study program to teach kids.
To talk about how to offer help.
New Words and Expressions
打扫（或清除）干净
v. 欢呼；喝彩
(使)变得更高兴；振奋起来
分发
v. 义务做；自愿做
n. 志愿者
clean up
cheer
cheer up
give out
volunteer
Do you often help others
What we can do to help others in our dialy life
Free talk
We can/could...
clean up the city parks
打扫（或清除）干净
visit sick children in the hospital to cheer them up
使他们振奋起来
We can/could...
give out food to people in need
help kids with their school work
分发
work in an old people’s home
We can/could...
help the traffic police
We can also be a volunteer to help others.
志愿者
A volunteer is someone who works without being paid for it, because they are willing to do it.
Do you know what the picture symbolizes
It symbolizes .
volunteering
Lead-in
What do volunteers do to help others
Look and say
help to plant trees
help to cut hair for the old
help to clean the yards of the community
work as a volunteer teacher
in the mountainous areas
help to send food to the poor people
Show love to the world !
Let's watch a video.
1a
Pre-listening
Look at the ways you could help people in the picutre. Then list other ways.
notice board
Other ways you could help people.
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
helping children with their homework
donating clothes/toys to people who need them
helping disabled/elderly people with chores
visiting the old people in the old people’s home
1b
While-listening
_____ The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer
them up.
_____ The boy could give out food at the food bank.
_____ The girl could volunteer in an after-school study
program to teach kids.
_____ The boy could help to clean up the city parks.
Listen and number the ways the boy and girl could help others.
1
2
3
4
Listen again and fill in the blanks.
1. A: I’d like to ______ outside.
B: You could help _____ _____ the city parks.
2. A: I’d like to ______ homeless people.
B: You could _____ _____ food at the food bank.
3. A: I’d like to ______ _____ sick kids.
B: You could ______ them in the hospital.
4. A: I’d like to help kids _____ their schoolwork.
B: You could __________ in an after-school study program.
work
up
help
out
up
visit
with
volunteer
clean
give
cheer
Let's watch a video !
Post-listening
1c
Practice the conversation in the picture above. Then make other conversations using the information in 1b.
Pair work
I'd like to help homeless people.
You could give out food at the food bank to help feed them.
I want to cheer up sick kids.
You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids.
PAIRWORK
I'd like to help kids with their schoolwork.
You could volunteer in an after-school study program to teach kids .
Language points
1. The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up.
1) could 情态动词，“能；可以”。 后接动词原形，在此用作提建议，语气比can委婉。
2) cheer up “使振奋；使高兴”。后接代词，代词要放在中间。
cheer v./n. 欢呼；喝彩 cheer on 为······加油喝彩
e.g. Most will probably be cheering on their favourite players.
多数人大概都会为自己喜欢的球员加油。
cheerful adj.快乐的；愉快的
2. The boy could give out food at the food bank.
give out在此处相当于hand out，是“动词+副词”型短语。
give out 分发；散发
The teacher is giving out books to the class.
Can you see the papers on the desk Give them out
to the students.
【拓展延伸】 give out 的其他含义：
① 发出（光、热等）
The sun gives out light and heat to the earth.
② 耗尽；用尽；筋疲力尽；停止起作用
After two hours, her patience gave out.
Dance till my legs give out.
3. The girl could volunteer in an after-school study program to
teach kids .
volunteer
①v. 自愿做……
volunteer to do sth.
volunteer for sth.
e.g. They volunteered to help the poor students.
②n. 志愿者 ；义务工作者
e.g. It's great to be a volunteer.
Summary
You could
help clean up the city parks
give out food at the food bank
visit sick kids in the hospital
volunteer in an after-school study program
How to offer help
帮助清洁城市公园
在食物救助站发放食物
到医院看望生病的孩子
在课后学习小组做志愿者
初中英语人教版八年级下册
Unit 2
I'll help to clean up the city parks.
Section A (2a-2d)
学习目标
Key words & phrases:
come up with; put off; sign; notice; hand out; call up; used to; lonely; care for; help out with; write down.
Key sentences:
1. We can't put off making a plan.
2. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.
3. We should listen to them and care for them.
To talk about how to offer help.
A group of students are planning a City Park Clean-Up Day.
What could they do to tell people about it
Pre-listening
put an ad on TV
put up some signs
call up friends
hand out notices
put an ad in the newspaper
Which one do you think is the best
Can you come up with other plans to tell people about the city park clean-up
put an ad on the Internet
tell family about it
While-listening
2a
A group of students are planning a City Park Clean-Up Day. Listen and check(√) the things they are going to tell people about it.
√
√
√
2b
Listen again. Fill in the blanks.
1. We need to _____ ____ _____ a plan to tell people about the
city park clean-up.
2. Clean-up Day is only two weeks from now. We can’t ____ ____
making a plan.
3. We could _____ ______ signs.
4. Let’s make some notices, too. Then I’ll _____ them
_______ after school.
5. We could each _____ _____ 10 students and ask
them to come.
put off
put up
out
call up
come up with
hand
come up with
put off
put up
hand out
write down
call up
to write something on the paper
to give many people something usually on the street
to think of some ideas
to ask many people to do something
to make something done later
to put sth. on the wall
Do you know their meanings
Post-listening
2c
Make a conversation using the information in 2a and 2b.
A: We need to come up with a plan for the City Park Clean-Up Day.
B: Let’s have lunch first.
A: No, we need to start now. Clean-Up Day is only two weeks
from now.
Pre-reading
Helen and Tom are talking about what to do for the old people’s home.
Hi, Tom. I’m making some plans to work in an old people’s home this summer.
Really I did that last summer!
老人之家；敬老院
Role-play the conversation.
2d
Helen: Hi, Tom. I’m making some plans to work in an old people's home this summer.
Tom: Really I did that last summer!
Helen: Oh, what did they ask you to help out with
Tom: Mm... things like reading the newspaper to the old people, or just talking to them. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.
help (sb.) out 分担······工作；帮一把；帮助（某人）摆脱困境
曾经······；过去······
Helen: That sounds interesting.
Tom: Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely. We should listen to them and care for them.
Helen: You're right. I mean, we're all going to be old one day, too.
孤独的
照顾
1. Where’s Helen going to work this summer
2. What did Tom do to help the old people
3. Do you think we have to care for the old Why or why not
She’s going to work in an old people’s home.
Reading the newspaper or just talking to the old people.
Read the conversation in 2d and answer the questions.
Yes. They are lonely and need our care.
Let's watch the video.
Language points
1. We need to come up with a plan for the City Park Clean-up Day. 我们需要为“城市公园清洁日”想出一个计划。
1）need 是一个常见的动词，表示“需要”之意。它既可以作实义动词，也可以作情态动词。其具体用法如下：
need用作实义动词，有“必要”、“必需”之意，有人称、数和时态的变化，可以接名词、代词、动名词或带to 的动词不定式作宾语。
e.g. The man needs an English dictionary when he works.
Do you need to see him yourself
need用作情态动词，意为“必须”、“必要”，没有人称、数等变化，后接不带to 的动词不定式。 通常用于疑问句和否定句中，构成疑问句和否定句时，不需要使用助动词。
e.g. Need you go to the park with your classmate
He needn’t spend much money for this new watch.
【注意】 由need引出的疑问句，答语表肯定时用must或have to；表示否定时用needn’t或don’t have to。
A: Need I come to work tomorrow
B: Yes, you must/have to.
A: Need I finish the work at once
B: No, you needn’t/don’t have to．
2）come up with 意为“想出；提出” 后面常接idea、plan、answer、solution、advice 等名词。
同义短语：think up
e.g. She came up with a way to work out the math problem.
come up with 还可意为“追上；赶上”，相当于catch up with。
e.g. I will come up with you soon.
2. We can’t put off making a plan. 我们不能推迟制定计划。
通常指会议、活动等未能按预定的时间举行，后面可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。
put off 推迟
Would you mind if we put it off until tomorrow
【拓展延伸】 与put相关的短语还有：
put
put down 放下；写下
put ... into 投入 (时间、心思等）
put out 熄灭
put away
把······放回原处
put on 穿上；上演；体重增加
put up 张贴; 搭建; 举起
3. We could each call up 10 students and ask them to come.
call up 打电话给（某人）；征召
Forgive me for calling you up so early please.
(1) call up在此处意为“打电话给（某人）”，是“动词+副词”
型短语。
He was called up at the beginning of the war.
(2) call up还可意为“征召”。
call
call for要求；
去接（某人）
call on sb.
(短暂地)访问
call off
取消
call in
召来；叫来
【拓展延伸】 含call的其他常见短语
4. They tole me stories about the past and how things used to be.
used to 表示过去一度存在或经常发生，但现在已经不存在的动作或状态。其后接动词原形，且不与表示过去的时间状语连用。used to的否定形式是didn’t use to或used not to(usedn’t to)。
used to 曾经……；过去……
He used to be a teacher.
He didn’t use to wear glasses. = He usedn’t to wear glasses.
【拓展延伸】
①be/get used to doing sth. 意为“习惯做某事”，to 在此处为介词。
Mario is used to volunteering at an animal hospital now.
②be used to do sth. 意为“被用来做某事”，to 为不定式符号。
③be used for doing sth. 意为“被用来做某事”
The milk is used to make kinds of food.
Knives are used for cutting fruits.
5. ①Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely.
②I want to travel alone.
lonely adj. 孤独的；寂寞的 alone adv. 独自；单独
lonely 形容词 意为“孤独的；寂寞的”，指情感上的孤独，带有伤感的色彩。（①句中用法） 意为“荒凉的；偏僻的”，通常用于名词前作定语 alone 副词 意为“独自；单独”，相当于by oneself。（②句中用法） 强调没有同伴的客观情况，不含感彩。
形容词 意为“单独的；独自的”，常用作表语。 The old man lives alone, but he doesn’t feel lonely.
At a dark night, a man came to a lonely village.
The boy was very shy, and he was alone all the time.
6. We should listen to them and care for them.
care for 照顾；非常喜欢
The mother cared for the sick child day and night.
(1) care for在此处意为“照顾”，相当于look after 或
take care of。
He doesn’t care for classical music.
(2) care for还可意为“非常喜欢”，常与not连用。
care for 照顾；非常喜欢
care about 关心；在意
take care 当心；小心
take care of 照顾
【归纳总结】 与care相关的短语：
care
初中英语人教版八年级下册
Unit 2
I'll help to clean up the city parks.
Section A (3a-3c)
学习目标
Key words & phrases:
several; strong; feeling; satisfaction; joy; owner; try out; journey; a strong feeling of satisfaction; the look of joy; at the age of; at the same time.
Key sentences:
1. But I want to learn more about how to care for animals.
2. She still works there once a week to help kids learn to read.
3. I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time.
To learn the usage of the infinitives.
Warming up
Free talk
1. What do you think about volunteers
2. What kinds of work can volunteers do
3. What do you usually do on your free time Would you
like to volunteer to do anything for others
Do you know them
Lei Feng
Bethune
They were always volunteering to help others and never expected reward. We should learn from them.
What could we do as volunteers
We could clean up the parks.
We could help the traffic police.
We could help the old people.
We could teach children to learn.
Pre-reading
NEW WORDS
several pron.
几个；数个；一些
feeling n.
感觉；感触
satisfaction n.
满足；满意
satisfy v. + action
satisfaction
joy n.
高兴；愉快
owner n.
物主；主人
owner
own (v. 拥有) + er
journey n.
旅行；行程
NEW WORDS
strong adj.
强烈的；强壮的
Look at the title and answer the questions.
Prediction
Students Who Volunteer
1. Do the students work for money or do they work for free
What word in the title helps us get the answer
2. Are the volunteers young or old How do we know
They are young. Students
They work for free. Volunteer.
Look at the picutre and answer the questions.
1. Where is the boy
2. What job do you think the man next to
the boy in the picture does
He is at an animal hospital.
Maybe he is an animal doctor.
1. Where are the girls in this picture Are
they in the classroom or in the library
Why
2. What are they doing
They are in the library. Because there are no desks or chairs.
They are reading books.
While-reading
Task 1 Skimming and matching
The general introduction of Mario and
Mary.
Mario’s voluntary work and his feeling.
Mary’s voluntary work and her feeling.
Para.1
总述
Para.2
分述
Para.3
分述
Task 2 Scanning
Read the Para.2 and find out the key words to finish the mind map.
what
why
feeling
Para.2 Mario
He volunteers to care for animals at an animal hospital.
He loves animals and it can help him to get his future dream job.
He gets a strong feeling of
satisfaction.
what
why
feeling
Para.3 Mary
She volunteers to help kids learn to read in a after-school reading program.
She loves reading books and help others at the same time.
Volunteering there is a dream come true for her.
Read the Para.3 and find out the key words to finish the mind map.
Task 3 Scanning and filling
Mario
(Para.2)
Mary
(Para.3)
·He loves animals. He wants to be _______________.
·He volunteers at __________________.
·He gets a strong feeling of ____________.
·She is a ___________.
·She tried out for a volunteer after-school _______________.
·She helps kids learn to _______.
an animal doctor
an animal hospital
satisfaction
book lover
reading program
read
( ) 1. How often does Mario volunteer at an animal hospital
A. Every day. B. Every Saturday morning.
C. Every Sunday afternoon. D. Every month.
( ) 2. What does Mary do in a volunteer after-school reading program
A. She helps kids to read. B. She helps kids to sing and dance.
C. She teaches kids to play soccer. D. She cleans up the city park.
( ) 3. What do Mario and Mary have in common
A. They both have a kind heart. B. They are both rich.
C. They both like animals. D. They both like reading.
B
A
A
Task 4 Read and choose
Presentation
3a
Read the article. What do Mario and Mary volunteer to do
Students Who Volunteer
Mario Green and Mary Brown from Riverside High School give up several hours each week to help others.
放弃
不定式短语作目的状语
Mario loves animals and wants to be an animal doctor. He volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday morning. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job. “It’s hard work,” he says, “but I want to learn more about how to care for animals. I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owner’s faces.”
不定式作want宾语
不定式作宾语补足语
不定式作want宾语
特殊疑问词+不定式
Mary is a book lover. She could read by herself at the age of four. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. She still works there once a week to help kids learn to read. “The kids are sitting in the library, but you can see in their eyes that they’re going on a different journey with each new book. Volunteering here is a dream come true for me. I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time.”
独自；单独
在……岁时
不定式作decide宾语
不定式作目的状语
不定式作learn宾语
n. (尤指长途)旅行；行程
同时
不定式作love宾语
实现
Mario volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday morning and learn about how to care for animals.
Mary volunteers at an after-school reading program to help kids learn to read once a week.
3b
Read the article again and answer the questions.
1. Why do Mario and Mary volunteer to help others
Mario volunteers at an animal hospital because he loves animals and wants to be an animal doctor. He believes his volunteer work can help him to get his future dream job.
Mary volunteers at an after-school reading program because she loves books and enjoys helping kids learn to read.
2. What do they say about volunteering
Mario says volunteering is hard work, but he can get a strong feeling of satisfaction when he sees the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners’ faces.
Mary says volunteering at an after-school reading program is a dream come true for her. She can do what she loves to do and help others at the same time.
3c
Use infinitives to complete the sentences below.
1. Mario would like ______ an animal doctor.
2. Mario works for an animal hospital because he wants ________
about how ________ for animals.
3. Mary decided __________ for a job at an after-school reading
program last year. She still works there now ____________ kids
learn to read.
4. Mary has a dream job because she can do what she loves ______.
to learn
to be
to care
to do
to try out
to help
Students Who Volunteer
总述
(Para. 1)
分述
Mario and Mary give up several hours each week to help others.
Mario
(Para. 2)
Mary
(Para. 3)
·loves animals, wants to be an animal doctor
·volunteers at an animal hospital
·gets a strong feeling of satisfaction
·a book lover
·tried out for a volunteer after-school
reading program
·helps kids learn to read
Summary
give up 放弃
animal doctor 兽医
hand out 分发
such a strong feeling of satisfaction 如此强烈的一种满足感
look of joy on one’s face 某人脸上喜悦的表情
at the age of ... 在······岁时
try out 参加······选拔；试用
go on a different journey 进行一次不同的旅行
a dream come true 梦想成为现实；梦想成真
PHRASES
Summary
Language points
1. Mario Green and Mary Brown from Riverside High School
give up several hours each week to help others.
He volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday morning.
以上两句中的each和every是一对近义词，但各自的侧重点不同。
each 强调个性，着眼于个体。 用于单数名词前，谓语动词用单数。
用于复数主语后，谓语动词用复数。
each of 后接复数名词或代词，谓语动词用单数。
every 强调共性，着眼于整体。 用于单数名词前，谓语动词用单数。
不能与of 连用。
Each student has a book.
They each have ten books.
Each of us has a gift.
Every member in my family likes exercising.
【特别提醒】each不能与almost, nearly, not等搭配，而every可以。
Almost every cake was sold.
Not every student went on holiday.
2. I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners’ faces.
satisfaction n. 满足；满意
Your support and satisfaction are the best reply to our service.
一般用作不可数名词。
【拓展延伸】satisfaction的相关词汇：
satisfy v.
使满意；满足
satisfied adj.
满意的；满足的
satisfaction n.
满意；满足
be satisfied with
对······感到满意
3. She could read by herself at the age of four.
He walked for a while by himself in the garden.
All the students finished their exercises by themselves.
1) by oneself 相当于 alone 或 on one’s own，意为“某人独自”。
He became a doctor at the age of 27 (= at age 27/at 27).
2) at the age of 在……岁时
at the age of 后直接跟基数词，相当于“at age+基数词”或“at+基数词”。
By the age of seven he could write beautifully.
【拓展延伸】by the age of 意为“在某岁数之前；到……岁时”。
4. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
Why don’t you try out for the basketball team
try out 参加······选拔；试用
（1）try out 在此处意为“ 参加······选拔”，与介词for连用。
Do you want to try out this new product
（2）try out还有“ 试用”的意思。
初中英语人教版八年级下册
Unit 2
I'll help to clean up the city parks.
Section A (GF-4c)
学习目标
Key words & phrases:
raise; midnight; alone; be busy with; raise money for homeless peolple; for fun.
Key sentences:
1. We decided to put up signs around the school and hand out notices to tell students about the book sale.
2. Volunteering our time to help these people is a good way to spend our free time.
3. I want to put off my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer.
To learn the usage of phrasal verbs and infinitives.
Warming-up
What can you see in these pictures
There are many people who are less lucky than us.
We could do something to help them and show our love to the world.
help children with their schoolwork.
visit the old in an old people’s home.
help watch the traffic.
give our old books to “Hope School”.
…
I’d like to
I hope to
I could
I volunteer to
Free talk
Do you want to be a volunteer
What kind of volunteer work do you think you could do
Presentation
Grammar Focus
I’d like to help homeless people.
She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up.
Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.
She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read.
I’m making some signs to put up around the school.
I’d like to help homeless people. She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.
She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read. I’m making some signs to put up around the school.
I’d like to do
ask sb. to do
volunteer…to do
learn to do
decide to do
help sb. to do
make…to do
let sb. do
help sb. do
4a
put up hand out call up cheer up
come up with give out put off
Fill in the blanks with phrasal verbs in the box.
1. I want to _______ my plan to work in an animal hospital until
next summer. I’m too busy with my studies this year.
2. She hopes to ________ at least five primary schools to ask if
they need volunteers for their after-school programs.
put off
call up
be busy with... 忙于，后接名词或代词
if 引导的宾语从句，if意为“是否”
3. Our class is trying to ______________ some ideas to
__________ sick children because they are often sad.
4. We decided to _________ signs around the school and
__________ notices to tell students about the book sale.
We will _________ the money from the sale to homeless
people.
come up with
cheer up
put up
and out
give out
4b
help move do make visit spend
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.
Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs _________ lots of money. In their free time, they think about what _______ for fun. However, few people think about what they can do ________ others. There are many people who are less lucky than us.
to do
to help
to make
be worried about 担心……
Volunteering our time to help these people is a good way __________ our free time. For example, we can make plans _________ sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year __________ to another place, like one of the countries in Africa, and help people there.
to spend
to visit
to move
为……筹款
4c
Complete the sentences with your own ideas. Use infinitives.
1. I’d like to volunteer ____________________________________________________.
2. At 12:00 midnight, I called my friend ____________________________________________________.
3. I’m very busy but I could help ____________________________________________________.
at the food bank and help to give out food to the homeless
to ask him an important question
to come up with some ideas about the party games
4. Summer vacation is coming, and I want ______________________________________________________.
5. I want to travel alone. My parents told me (not) ______________________________________________________.
to visit my grandparents in the countryside
not to do that, because they think it's not safe
Grammar
短语动词（Phrasal verbs）
短语动词是由动词加介词、副词或其他词构成的固定词组或习语（idioms），其作用和动词差不多。有些短语动词相当于及物动词，有些则相当于不及物动词。
语法概述
短语动词的类型和用法
动词+介词
相当于及物动词，后面必须有宾语，且宾语只能位于介词之后。
look after 照顾 look at 看 care for 非常喜欢；照顾
think about 考虑 agree with 同意 wait for 等待
I agree with what you said.
He cared for her more than she realized.
短语动词的类型和用法
动词+副词
①可看作及物动词，名词作宾语时，可位于动词与副词之间或副词之后；代词作宾语时；只能位于动词与副词之间。
②有的也可看作不及物动词。
cheer up 振奋起来
clean up 打扫干净
give up 放弃
put off 推迟
take away 拿走
fix up 修理
turn down 调低；拒绝
turn up 出现；调高
This is a new word. You’d better look it up in the dictionary.
It’s too noisy. Please turn down the TV. =It’s too noisy. Please turn the TV down.
短语动词的类型和用法
动词+副词+介词
相当于及物动词， 宾语位于介词之后。
catch up with 赶上 come up with 想出
look forward to 期望 run out of 用完；耗尽
He worked hard to catch up with his classmates.
I’m looking forward to the weekend.
短语动词的类型和用法
动词+名词+介词
相当于及物动词，名词前可加形容词说明程度，宾语位于介词之后。
make fun of 取笑 make use of 利用 pay attention to 注意
take care of 照顾 make friends with 与······交朋友
It’s impolite to make fun of your classmate.
We could make better use of our resources.
短语动词的类型和用法
be+形容词+介词
相当于及物动词， 宾语位于介词之后。
be different from 与······不同 be famous for 因为······而出名
be busy with 忙于······ be similar to 与······相似
The girl is afraid of dogs.
China is famous for its long history.
动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，有时to可省略。它没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。其否定形式为“not to+动词原形”。
语法概述
动词不定式
常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：
想要 拒绝 忘记 (want, refuse, forget)
需要 努力 学习 (need, try, learn)
选择 同意 帮助 (choose, agree, help)
希望 决定 开始 (hope/wish/expect, decide, begin/start)
Lily wants to find a job as an English teacher in Beijing.
He decided to help the homeless.
动词不定式作宾语
动词不定式的用法
常接动词不定式作宾补的动词有：
ask, tell, want, teach, wish, help, warn, invite, encourage 等可以构成“...sb. (not) to do sth.”结构的动词。
Sam asked me to help him.
The teacher always tells us not to swim in the river.
动词不定式作宾语补足语
动词不定式的用法
注意：
在let, make, see, watch, hear, feel, notice, have等感官听觉动词或使役动词后面作宾语补足语的动词, 其不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号“to”。
let / make / have + sb. +do sth.
e.g. Let the girl leave here now.
The boy made the baby cry.
see / watch / hear / notice / feel +sb.+do sth.
e.g. I often hear the girl sing in the next room.
动词不定式的用法
动词不定式作状语
1）作目的状语。强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动
词不定式可用in order to或so as to +动词原形，so as
to不用于句首。
e.g. The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.
2）作结果状语。
e.g. He woke up only to find everybody gone.
His grandma lived to see the liberation of China.
He is old enough to go to school.
3）在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后作原因状语
e.g. I’m proud to have taken part in the competitions .
She was surprised to see him
They jumped for joy to hear the news．
动词不定式的用法
动词不定式作主语时，通常表示一个具体的、特定的行为，其谓语动词用单数形式。
To know oneself is difficult. 人能自知，实属不易。
动词不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语时，为避免句子头重脚轻，可以用it作形式主语，不定式做主语放在句末。
It's difficult to learn a foreign language.
动词不定式的用法
动词不定式作定语时通常要放在所修饰词之后。
Who was the first one to arrive
Would you like something to drink
动词不定式作定语
My duty is to look after the animals.
动词不定式作表语
Thank you!
