(共69张PPT)
UNIT 1 Nature in the balance
Section Ⅱ Learning about language
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要语言点的基本用法。（语言能力）
2.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化所学语言点,并学以致用。（学习能力）
1.__________n.农业;农学→___________adj.农业的;农艺的
agriculture
agricultural
2._______n.地区;区域;行政区→________adj.地区的;局部的
region
regional
3._______ n.不同种类;变化;多样性;变种;变体→_____ v.变化→________ adj.多种多样
的
variety
vary
various
4.________vi.生存;存活 vt.幸存;幸免于难→________n.幸存→________n.幸存者
survive
survival
survivor
5.__________ n.灭绝;绝种→_______adj.灭绝的;绝种的
extinction
extinct
6.______adj.活着的;活的;在使用的 n.生计;谋生;生活方式→_____v. 活着;生存→______
adj.活泼的
living
live
lively
7.______n.& vt.伤害;损害→________adj.有害的→_________adj.无害的
harm
harmful
harmless
构词规律
?n.+-less→adj. ?v.+-al→n.?
harm→harmless 无害的 fear→fearless 无畏的；大胆的 end→endless 无尽的 hope→hopeless 没有希望的;绝望的 survive→survival 幸存
arrive→arrival 到达；到达者
crime→criminal 犯罪分子
refuse→refusal 拒绝
1.________以……为食
feed on
2._______________由……组成
be made up of
3.____________是……的所在地
be home to
4._____________被称为；被认为是；以……著称
be known as
5._________躺下
lie down
6.lock up______________________
把……锁起来；关起来
7.play a significant role in______________
发挥重要作用
8.beneath the ground__________
在地面下
9.provide shelter for________________
为……提供庇护
10.a variety of____________
各种各样的
1.With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more
than half the size of China.（倍数表达法）
翻译 亚马孙雨林面积约600万平方千米,超过中国面积的一半。
仿写 Exactly speaking, this room is _____________________ that one.
准确地说，这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。
three times the size of
2.The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400
kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.（“介词+
关系代词”引导定语从句）
翻译 亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河,亚马孙河接近6400千米,比长江还长约100千米。
仿写 All of a sudden, he saw a hole in the
wall,_________________________________.
突然，他看到墙上有一个洞，海水从这个洞口涌了进来。
from which the sea water poured in
3.Above that isthe mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.（完全倒装句）
翻译 在那之上是在阴暗雨林地面上的厚实的落叶层。
仿写 ________________ some of the greatest and noblest men in our history.
他们之中有一些是我们历史上最伟大最高尚的人。
Among them are
4.Whilea significant number of jaguars survive here,they are only one element of this
forest's food chain. （while引导让步状语从句）
翻译 尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存,但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。
仿写 ______________________________, it results in many lion deaths.
这种做法虽然合乎情理，但会导致许多狮子丧生。
While this makes a lot of sense
核心单词
知识点1 harm n.&vt.伤害；损害 ＊harmful adj.有害的；造成伤害的 ＊harmless adj.无害的；无恶意的
（P1）The human race has done much harm.
人类已经造成了很多危害。
知识拓展
do harm to sb=do sb harm 损害某人;对某人有害
mean no harm 没有恶意
There is no harm in doing sth.做某事无害处。
be harmful to 对……有害
图解释义
Spending too much time on his smartphone may harm his eyes.
过度使用手机会伤害他的眼睛。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）Light pollution does harm ___the eyesight of animals.
to
（2）Smoking is ________（harm） to people's health.
harmful
（3）There's no great harm in _______（take） something to relieve a headache.
taking
Ⅱ.单句写作
（4）（2023·湖南岳阳模拟）Being annoyed with others easily
____________________________，so keep a good-tempered character all the time
please.
容易被别人惹恼会对你的健康有害，所以请始终保持和蔼的性格。
will be harmful to your health
知识点2 variety n.不同种类；变化；多样性；变种；变体 ＊vary v.改变；变化 ＊various adj.不同的；各种各样的
（P3）The forest's different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife.
雨林的不同层次养活着种类多到难以置信的野生动植物。
知识拓展
a （wide / large） variety of=varieties of=various 不同种类的;各种各样的
vary from...to... 从……到……变化
vary with 随着……变化
vary in （在体积、重量等方面）呈现不同
经典佳句
I am glad that our students have varieties of questions to ask in class,and I would like to answer them in various ways. In addition,the questions vary from person to person.
我很高兴我们的学生在课堂上有各种各样的问题要问,我很乐意以各种方式回答他们。此外,问题也因人而异。
名师点拨
表示“多种多样的”的短语还有all kinds of、 all sorts of等。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）There are other ________（variety） of sunflowers which can be grown exactly
in the same way.
varieties
（2）Changes in price normally vary _____changes of supply and demand.
with
（3）There is no doubt that this sort of thing ______（vary） from person to person.
varies
Ⅱ.词汇升级
（4）In my free time,I'd like to take exercise,such as swimming,running and all kinds
of ball games.
→In my free time,I'd like to take exercise,such as swimming,running and
____________________________ball games.
various/a variety of/varieties of
知识点3 beneath prep.在……下面；在……下方；配不上
（P3）At the bottom, there is a system of roots beneath the ground.
最底层是地下的根系系统。
知识拓展
beneath the surface 表面之下
beneath notice 不值得注意;无足轻重
经典佳句
Scientists say the Arctic has huge reserves of resources beneath its ice.
科学家们表示，北极冰层之下蕴藏着巨大的资源储备。
He considers such a job beneath him.
他觉得这种工作有失他的身份。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）_______________________lie the surging glaciers.
平静的表面之下暗藏的是涌动的冰川。
Beneath the calm surface
（2）What he said is ______________.
他说的话不值得注意。
beneath notice
知识点4 survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；幸免于难 ＊survivor n.幸存者 ＊survival n.［U］幸存；［C］残存物
（P3）While a significant number of jaguars survive here,they are only one element of this forest's food chain.
尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存,但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。
知识拓展
A survive B （by...） A比B活得久……
survive on 依靠……生存下来
survive from 从……存活下来;流传下来
经典佳句
All the people aboard survived in the accident.
船上所有的人在这次事故中都幸存下来了。
As we humans depend on so many species for our survival，we would also be at risk of dying out.
由于我们人类依靠如此多的物种生存，我们也将面临灭绝的风险。
名师点拨
survive意为“幸存；幸免于难”时为及物动词，其后直接跟宾语，不用加介词in或from。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）The traveler trapped in the lonely island survived ____the fish caught in the sea.
on
（2）Of the six people injured in the terrible accident, only two _________
（survive）.
survived
（3）Rescuers have managed to dig 4 _________（survive） out of the ruins.
survivors
Ⅱ.单句写作
（4）（2023·安徽马鞍山一中月考）Life isn't about __________________________,
but how to dance in the rain.
生活不是关于如何在风雨中生存, 而是如何在雨中起舞。
how to survive from storms
知识点5 disappear vi.消失；不复存在；灭绝 ＊disappearance n.消失；不复存在；灭绝 ＊appear v.出现；显现 ＊appearance n.外貌；外观；出现；露面
（P3）Over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming.
在过去的50年里,由于农耕和养牛等人类活动,大约17%的雨林已经消失了。
知识拓展
disappear from 消失在……
appear on 在（某处）出现
make one's first appearance 某人初次露面
经典佳句
Her nervousness quickly disappeared once she was on stage.
她一走上台，紧张情绪便迅速消失了。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）Police are looking into the _____________（appearance） of two children.
disappearance
（2）His ___________（appear） was different from when he was in high school.
appearance
Ⅱ.单句写作
（3）___________________________scared the thief away.
狗的突然出现把小偷吓跑了。
The dog's sudden appearance
（4）A year later, she ______________________________at Nashville's country music
hall.
一年后，她在纳什维尔的乡村音乐厅首次公开露面。
made her first public appearance
（5）She watched until the train _____________________.
她一直看着火车从视线中消失。
disappeared from sight
知识点6 impact n.影响；作用；撞击；冲撞 v.有影响；冲击
（P3）As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer,we are left with a question:can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”
随着人类活动的影响不断增加,濒危物种的名单越来越长,这留给我们一个问题:我们能承担得起破坏“地球之肺”的后果吗
知识拓展
have a great/deep impact on 对……有重大/深远影响
impact on/upon 对……产生影响
经典佳句
How much children sleep can have a big impact on their growth and development.
孩子们睡眠时间的长短对他们的成长和发展有着重大的影响。
Her father's death impacted greatly on her childhood years.
父亲的去世对她的童年造成了巨大影响。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）This financial crisis had a much greater impact ____Main Street.
on
（2）This book ____（have） a great impact on readers.
has
Ⅱ.单句写作
（3）（2023·湖南郴州模拟）The development of science and technology
_____________________________，for example， the Internet.
科技的发展，比如说互联网，影响了我们的日常生活。
has an impact on our daily life
知识点7 damage vt.&n.损害；伤害；损坏；破坏
（P3）...can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet” ……我们能承担得起破坏“地球之肺”的后果吗
知识拓展
cause/do damage to 对……造成损害;损害……
damage one's health 损害某人的健康
经典佳句
Damage caused by the earthquake disaster can't be ignored.
地震灾害导致的损失不容忽视。
The old painting was damaged in the flood and had to be painstakingly restored.
那幅古画在洪水中遭到破坏，必须精心修复。
易混辨析
destroy、damage、harm、hurt和ruin的用法区别：
destroy “毁灭;消灭”,主要指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用,一般
不能或很难恢复
damage “损失”,主要用于物,表示部分的损失,一般可以修复
harm “伤害;损害”,常用于口语,指肉体、精神、健康等方面的伤害
hurt 主要指精神上或肉体上的创伤
ruin 表示严重破坏,以致不能修复,但这种破坏不像destroy那样毁灭得彻底,而
是强调致使该物的使用价值产生了问题。用作动词时,表示“使毁灭;使
崩溃;弄糟”;用作名词时,表示“毁灭;破产;废墟”
融会应用
Ⅰ.用damage、ruin、destroy、harm、hurt的适当形式填空
（1）There are many ancient temples which have fallen into ______.
ruins
（2）That town was _________in a big fire.
destroyed
（3）What they said and did _________the relations between the two countries.
damaged
（4）His words _____my feelings.
hurt
（5）Drinking too much can _____________one's health.
harm/damage
Ⅱ.一句多译
众所周知,抽烟会损害我们的健康。
（6）As we all know, smoking can ____________________________.（damage n.）
do/cause damage to our health
（7）It is well known that smoking can _________________.（damage vt.）
damage our health
短语句式
知识点8 in turn 相应地；转而；依次
（P3）These frogs, in turn, feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit.
相应地,这些青蛙以吃树叶和水果的昆虫为食。
知识拓展
by turns 轮流地
take turns in doing/to do sth 轮流做某事
It's one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。
经典佳句
Each of you in turn must tell the funniest joke you can think of.
你们每个人依次讲一个你们能想到的最好笑的笑话。
Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.
理论的基础是实践,反过来理论又为实践服务。
名师点拨
in return与in turn形式相近,但前者意为“作为交换;作为回报”。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）The shop assistants had to have their days off ____turns.
by
（2）They had to take turns ________（look） after the patients.
to look
（3）I think it's my turn ________（drive） the kids to school this week.
to drive
（4）People try to avoid transportation delays by using their own cars,and this
___turn creates further problems.
in
知识点9 break down 使分解（为）；使变化（成）；发生故障；（谈判）失败；（身体）垮掉
（P3）When a jaguar dies,a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth.
当美洲豹死亡时,一小群微生物帮助分解它的尸体,让营养物质重回大地。
知识拓展
break away （from） 挣脱（束缚）;脱离
break out 突然开始;爆发
break up 结束;解散;破裂
break the record 打破纪录
break one's word 违背诺言;食言
经典佳句
Unfortunately,the peace talks broke down in the end. As a result,a war broke out between the two countries. The native people had to break away from their homes and suffered a lot from the war.
不幸的是,和谈最终破裂了。结果,两国之间爆发了一场战争。当地人不得不离开自己的家园,饱受战争之苦。
融会应用
Ⅰ.写出下列句子中break down的汉语意思
（1）The car broke down on the way to the airport.
__________
发生故障
（2）The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached.
______________
（谈判）失败
（3）Your health will break down if you work too hard.
______________
（身体）垮掉
（4）Plastic bags are difficult to break down.
______
分解
Ⅱ.单句写作
（5）If you ________________, he will never trust you again.
假如你不遵守诺言，他就不会相信你了。
（6）The war between the two countries may ________________________.
那两个国家的战争一触即发。
break your word
break out at any moment
知识点10 due to 由于；因为
（P3）Over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming.
在过去的50年里,由于农耕和养牛等人类活动,大约17%的雨林已经消失了。
知识拓展
be due to do sth 预定/计划做某事
be due to sb 应支付/给予/归于某人
be due for sth 应用某物;应得到某物
经典佳句
The loss of glaciers there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture.
由于全球变暖,那里的冰川融化,这对农业来说是个巨大的威胁。
Mistakes due to carelessness may have serious consequences.
由于疏忽大意造成的错误可能带来严重的后果。
名师点拨
due to意为“由于；因为”, 常作表语, 也可作状语。表示“由于；因为”的其他常见短语有 thanks to、 because of、 owing to等。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）The boat is due _________（arrive） at 10:00, so remember to meet me on
time.
to arrive
（2）Thank you for delivering my goods here. Ten dollars is due ___ you.
to
（3）When the car is due ____its annual service again,please remind me.
for
知识点11 build up 逐渐增加；扩大
（P5）For another thing, due to the Amazon's hot climate, it is difficult for the soil to build up enough nutrients.
另一方面,由于亚马孙雨林气候炎热,土壤很难积累足够的养分。
知识拓展
put up 搭起;设立;建造;举起;提高
look up 向上看;查阅
make up 虚构;弥补;构成;和好
stand up 经得起检验;站得住脚
经典佳句
Practising Chinese kung fu can not only build up one's strength, but also develop one's character.
练中国功夫不但能增强体质，还能培养一个人的品质。
We don't like him because he is always making up excuses whenever he makes mistakes.
我们都不喜欢他是因为每当他犯错误时，他总是在找借口。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）I helped him _______several shelves in his bedroom.
我帮他在卧室里装了几个架子。
put up
（2）Can you ________the opening times on the website
你可以在网站上查一下开放的时间吗
look up
（3）I think it's very unkind of you to _________stories about him.
我认为你编造关于他的故事是很不友好的。
make up
（4）He made wild accusations that did not _________.
他的指控毫无根据,根本站不住脚。
stand up
知识点12 as用作介词
（P2）As the largest rainforest in the world, it plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth's ecosystem.
作为世界上最大的雨林,它在维持地球生态系统的良好平衡方面发挥着重要作用。
知识拓展
句中的As为介词,意思是“作为……；以……身份”。as还可以用作连词，引导以下从句：
（1）as引导时间状语从句，意思是“当……的时候;随着……”;
（2）as引导方式状语从句，意思是“按照……;如同……”;
（3）as引导原因状语从句，意思是“因为;既然;由于”;
（4）as可以引导比较状语从句;
（5）as可以引导让步状语从句,且从句常倒装;
（6）as还可以用作关系代词引导非限制性定语从句,并在定语从句中作宾语、主语或表语。
But as I got closer, I found they were only discussing how to raise money for the trip.
但当我走近时,我发现他们只是在讨论如何为这次旅行筹集资金。
She looked as calm and serene as she always did.
她看上去和以往一样平静安详。
As they're handmade, each one varies slightly.
因为是手工制作，所以每件都有细微差别。
Try as he might, he couldn't open the door.
他想尽了办法也没能打开门。
融会应用
Ⅰ.指出下列句中as引导的从句类型
（1）As I waited at the bus stop, I heard a big noise.
______________
时间状语从句
（2）Tom did his homework as well as Mike （did）.
______________
比较状语从句
（3）Try as I might, I could not lift the stone.
______________
让步状语从句
（4）We should follow the rules of the school as the teachers do.
______________
方式状语从句
（5）As is well known to us all, the Earth is round.
__________________
非限制性定语从句
Ⅱ.单句写作
（6）I would do it in ________________________.
我将用和你一样的方式去做这件事。
the same way as you did
（7）____________________, it is a bad manner to come late to class.
由于你是一个学生,上课迟到是非常不礼貌的行为。
As you are a student
（8）______________, he can speak two foreign languages.
虽然他是个孩子,但他会说两门外语。
Child as he is
（9）I think we should do the cleaning _________________.
我认为我们应该像父母那样来打扫卫生。
as our parents do
（10）___________________________, your request will be considered at the next
meeting.
正如我在电话里所解释的那样,我们会在下次会议上考虑你的请求。
As I explained on the phone
知识点13 倍数表达法
（P2）With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.
亚马孙雨林面积约600万平方千米,超过中国面积的一半。
知识拓展
本句中用了“倍数+the+名词（size/length/width/height/weight...）+of+被比较的对象”这一结构。
常见的倍数表示法还有:
（1）倍数+as+adj./adv.（原级）+as...
（2）倍数+比较级+than...
（3）倍数+what从句
This book is four times as long as that one.
→This book is three times longer than that one.
→This book is four times the length of that one.
这本书是那本书篇幅的四倍。
They turned out 400 kinds of products with a total value more than 38 times what it was in 1950.
他们生产了400种产品,总产值为1950年的38倍多。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）This bridge is five times the ______（wide） of that one.
width
（2）The red ruler is four times _______（long） than the yellow one.
longer
（3）The city is ten times as ____（big） as my hometown.
big
（4）A new cellphone costs about three times ____price of a second-hand one.
the
Ⅱ.单句写作
（5）This table is _________________（长三倍） than that one.
three times longer
（6）The price of the house this year is _________________________（去年的两
倍）.
twice what it was last year
知识点14 “介词+关系代词”结构引导定语从句
（P2）The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is about 6, 400 kilometres in length—around 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.
亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河, 亚马孙河接近6400千米, 比长江还长约100千米。
知识拓展
句中from which 是“介词+关系代词”结构引导定语从句, 修饰先行词The Amazon River。
I think the decision was a bitter blow, from which he never quite recovered.
我想这个决定对他是个沉重的打击, 从此以后他一蹶不振。
I took a photo of the students, among whom was seated a teacher.
我给这些学生拍了一张照片, 他们中间坐着一位老师。
名师点拨
介词后的关系代词只能用which （指物） 或whom （指人）, 即“介词+which/whom”, 并且关系代词不能省略。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）She still remembers the day ________________________________.
她仍然记得自己获奖的那一天。
on which /when she won the prize
（2）We didn't know the reason________________________________.
我们不知道他拒绝我们帮助的原因。
for which/why he refused our help
（3）Look！ There comes Tom, _______________________ for an hour.
瞧, 汤姆来啦, 我等了他一个小时。
for whom I have waiting
知识点15 完全倒装
（P3）Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.
在那之上是在阴暗雨林地面上的厚实的落叶层。
知识拓展
本句为完全倒装句。作表语的介词短语Above that位于句子开头,整句进行了全部倒装。正常语序为The mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor is above that。
需要完全倒装的情况:
（1）当作表语的介词短语/形容词/分词置于句首时,句子要用全部倒装,构成“表语（介词短语/形容词/分词）+连系动词+主语”结构。
（2）表示地点、时间、方向等的介词短语放在句首时,句子要用全部倒装。常见的介词有among、between、in、at、beneath等。
（3）表示方向、地点和时间的副词in、out、down、up、off、back、away、over、there、now、then、here等放于句首,且主语是名词而不是代词时,句子要全部倒装。
In the middle of the hall was standing a tall young man.
一个高个子的年轻人站在大厅中央。
Down fell half a dozen apples.
六个苹果掉下来了。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）Sitting in the hall ______（be） the two astronauts who were very young.
were
（2）Here _______（come） a good chance that you can use your summer vacation
to go on study tours.
comes
（3）On the wall ____（be） hanging two old paintings.
are
（4）Present at the evening party on Thursday _____（be） our English teacher.
was
Ⅱ.翻译句子
（5）公共汽车来了。
___________________
Here comes the bus.
（6）我们学校前面矗立着一座塔。
__________________________________
In front of our school stands a tower
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.The court case will do serious harm ___my business.
to
2.There is a popular ___________（continent） holiday resort.
continental
3.This room is twice the _______（long） of the kitchen.
length
4.This tool can be used in a _______（various） of ways.
variety
5.He remains a _________（tower） figure in rock and roll.
towering
6.The mountain gorilla is on the verge of __________（extinct）.
extinction
7.Farmers struggling for survival strip the forests for ___________（agriculture） land.
agricultural
8.Her speech made a profound impact ____everyone.
on
9.The plan will cost in the region ___six million dollars.
of
10.The arrival of this predator threatened the ________（survive） of native species.
survival
Ⅱ.选词填空
in turn; break down; breathe life into; build up; feed on; in danger of; play a role
in; more than; be known as
1.Increased production will, _______,lead to increased profits.
in turn
2.The graduates ________________our business.
breathed life into
3.As is known to all,the giant panda is ____________becoming extinct.
in danger of
4.I like her __________her sister.
more than
5.A new study suggests that our short-term memory also ______________appetite.
play a role in
6.Birds ________nuts and berries in the winter.
feed on
7.Many people were expecting that the peace talks would not ____________.
break down
8.This design came to _____________the oriental（东方的） style.
be known as
9.She has always been encouraged to swim to _________the strength of her muscles.
build up
Ⅲ.单句写作
1.We need some new people to _______________this project.
我们需要一些新人给该项目注入活力。
breathe life into
2.Anxiety can, _______, lead to a number of physical and emotional problems.
焦虑会转而引起若干身体和情感问题。
in turn
3.The collection _________________over the last seventeen years.
在过去的17年中, 收藏的规模不断扩大。
has been built up
4.It is about _______________Pluto, too small to be considered as a planet.
它的大小约为冥王星的一半, 太小了以至于不能被视为行星。
half the size of
5.This museum has a building， _________________________the stars, the weather,
etc.
这个博物馆还有一座可以观看星星、天气等的建筑物。
from which you can watch
Ⅳ.用所学短语完成短文
There are more than 9,500 species of birds in the world, and birds are the most
extensive animals in the world. Different kinds of birds have 1.____________（各种
各样的） recipes. Some seabirds, such as penguins and seagulls, eat marine fish.
Many eagles 2.________（以……为食） small birds or animals, such as golden
eagles. Sparrows eat plant seeds， sometimes bugs. 3.__________（大量的） wild
birds live for less than a year, and the bigger the bird is, the longer it lives.
Rainforests 4._________________（为……提供庇护） about two-thirds of all birds.
Now, about twelve percent of the world's birds are 5._________________（濒临灭
绝）. Of the 1212 bird species at risk of global extinction, many of them are mainly
affected by expansion of arable land, with other major threats including tree cutting,
invasive species and hunting.
a variety of
feed on
Masses of
provide shelter for
close to extinctionUnit 1 Section Ⅱ Learning about language
【学习目标】
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要语言点的基本用法。(语言能力)
2.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化所学语言点,并学以致用。(学习能力)
【自主预习】
Step 1 单词认读
1. n.农业;农学→ adj.农业的;农艺的
2. n.地区;区域;行政区→ adj.地区的;局部的
3. n.不同种类;变化;多样性;变种;变体→ v.变化→ adj.多种多样的
4. vi.生存;存活 vt.幸存;幸免于难→ n.幸存→ n.幸存者
5. n.灭绝;绝种→ adj.灭绝的;绝种的
6. adj.活着的;活的;在使用的 n.生计;谋生;生活方式→ v. 活着;生存→ adj.活泼的
7. n.& vt.伤害;损害→ adj.有害的→ adj.无害的
答案 1.agriculture; agricultural 2.region; regional 3.variety; vary; various 4.survive; survival; survivor 5.extinction; extinct 6.living; live; lively 7.harm; harmful; harmless
构词规律
n.+-less→adj. v.+-al→n.
harm→harmless 无害的 fear→fearless 无畏的;大胆的 end→endless 无尽的 hope→hopeless 没有希望的;绝望的 survive→survival 幸存 arrive→arrival 到达;到达者 crime→criminal 犯罪分子 refuse→refusal 拒绝
Step 2 短语记诵
1. 以……为食
2. 由……组成
3. 是……的所在地
4. 被称为;被认为是;以……著称
5. 躺下
6.lock up
7.play a significant role in
8.beneath the ground
9.provide shelter for
10.a variety of
答案 1.feed on 2.be made up of 3.be home to 4.be known as 5.lie down 6.把……锁起来;关起来 7.发挥重要作用 8.在地面下 9.为……提供庇护 10.各种各样的
Step 3 佳句赏析
1.With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.(倍数表达法)
翻译 亚马孙雨林面积约600万平方千米,超过中国面积的一半。
仿写 Exactly speaking, this room is that one.
准确地说,这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。
2.The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.(“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句)
翻译 亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河,亚马孙河接近6400千米,比长江还长约100千米。
仿写 All of a sudden, he saw a hole in the wall, .
突然,他看到墙上有一个洞,海水从这个洞口涌了进来。
3.Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.(完全倒装句)
翻译 在那之上是在阴暗雨林地面上的厚实的落叶层。
仿写 some of the greatest and noblest men in our history.
他们之中有一些是我们历史上最伟大最高尚的人。
4.While a significant number of jaguars survive here,they are only one element of this forest’s food chain. (while引导让步状语从句)
翻译 尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存,但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。
仿写 , it results in many lion deaths.
这种做法虽然合乎情理,但会导致许多狮子丧生。
答案 1.three times the size of 2.from which the sea water poured in 3.Among them are 4.While this makes a lot of sense
【合作探究】
新知探究
解析教材
The Amazon rainforest:a natural treasure
Welcome to the jungle,a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animals(1). This is the Amazon rainforest. As the largest rainforest in the world, it plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth’s ecosystem.
亚马孙雨林:自然宝库
欢迎来到这片丛林,一片巨大的绿色海洋,到处都是动物的声音。这是亚马孙雨林。作为世界上最大的雨林,它在维持地球生态系统的良好平衡方面发挥着重要作用。
【助读点拨】
(1)a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animals是the jungle的同位语。
The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries,including Brazil and Peru, and one overseas region of France,all on the South American continent. With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.The Amazon River,from which the rainforest gets its name,is close to 6,400 kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.(2) On its journey from the mountains to the ocean,the river supports many different ecosystems.They give this area the richest biodiversity on the Earth:one in ten known species in the world can be found here.
Of the 390,000 plant species known to us,more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon.This tall and ancient brazil nut tree produces nuts that we can eat(3); these water lilies are big enough to lie down on.The forest’s different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife.At the bottom,there is a system of roots beneath the ground. Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. The next level is made up of shorter plants with large leaves.Then there are the towering ancient hardwoods,and finally the tops of the tallest trees many metres above the ground.Each level of the forest forms its own little world,home to different kinds of living things.
亚马孙雨林横跨八个国家,包括巴西、秘鲁在内,以及一块法国的海外属地,它们都位于南美大陆。亚马孙雨林面积约600万平方千米,超过中国面积的一半。亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河,亚马孙河接近6400千米,比长江还长约100千米。从山区流向海洋,这条河维持着许多不同的生态系统。它们使这个地区拥有地球上最丰富的生物多样性:世界上已知的物种有十分之一能够在这里找到。
在我们已知的39万种植物中,有4万多种能在亚马孙雨林中找到。高大而古老的巴西坚果树结出我们可以吃的坚果;这些睡莲(叶片)大得可以让人躺在上面。雨林的不同层次养活着种类多到难以置信的野生动植物。最底层是地下的根系系统。在那之上是在阴暗雨林地面上的厚实的落叶层。接下来的一层是由低矮的长着大叶子的植物构成。然后是高耸而古老的阔叶树,最后是离地面好几米高的大树的树冠。雨林的每一层都形成了自己的小世界,成为各种生物的家园。
【助读点拨】
(2)此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,先行词是The Amazon River, 在从句中作介词from 的宾语。
(3)此处为that引导的定语从句,先行词是nuts,在从句中作动词eat的宾语。
More than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the jungle’s plant life.This jaguar is one example.It has a yellowish-brown coat with black spots.While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest’s food chain.They feed on at least 87 species,including frogs.These frogs, in turn, feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit(4).When a jaguar dies,a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth.
1300多种鸟类和400多种哺乳动物藏身于丛林的植物中。这只美洲豹就是一个例子。它黄褐色的皮毛上遍布着黑点。尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存,但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。它们至少以87种物种为食,包括青蛙在内。相应地,这些青蛙以吃树叶和水果的昆虫为食。当美洲豹死亡时,一小群微生物帮助分解它的尸体,让营养物质重回大地。
The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth’s oxygen.Thus,it is often known as the “lungs of the planet”.Moreover,the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine(5).Yet there is one major danger to these irreplaceable plants and animals:us.Over the past 50 years,about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming.As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer(6),we are left with a question:can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”
亚马孙雨林通过固定碳,并产生超过全球20%的氧气总量,使得地球生生不息。因此,它经常被称为“地球之肺”。此外,亚马孙雨林还是一个可食用或药用的物种宝库。然而,这些无法取代的动植物面临着一个主要的危险:我们人类。在过去的50年里,由于农耕和养牛等人类活动,大约17%的雨林已经消失了。随着人类活动的影响不断增加,濒危物种的名单越来越长,这留给我们一个问题:我们能承担得起破坏“地球之肺”的后果吗
【助读点拨】
(4)此处为which引导的定语从句,先行词是insects,在从句中作主语。
(5)此处为that引导的定语从句,先行词是species,在从句中作主语。
(6)此处为As引导的时间状语从句。
核 心 单 词
知识点1 harm n.&vt.伤害;损害 *harmful adj. 有害的;造成伤害的*harmless adj. 无害的;无恶意的
(P1)The human race has done much harm.
人类已经造成了很多危害。
知识拓展
do harm to sb=do sb harm损害某人;对某人有害
mean no harm没有恶意
There is no harm in doing sth.做某事无害处。
be harmful to对……有害
图解释义
Spending too much time on his smartphone may harm his eyes.
过度使用手机会伤害他的眼睛。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Light pollution does harm the eyesight of animals.
(2)Smoking is (harm) to people’s health.
(3)There’s no great harm in (take) something to relieve a headache.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)(2023·湖南岳阳模拟)Being annoyed with others easily ,so keep a good-tempered character all the time please.
容易被别人惹恼会对你的健康有害,所以请始终保持和蔼的性格。
答案 (1)to (2)harmful (3)taking (4)will be harmful to your health
知识点2 variety n.不同种类;变化;多样性;变种;变体 *vary v.改变;变化 *various adj. 不同的;各种各样的
(P3)The forest’s different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife.
雨林的不同层次养活着种类多到难以置信的野生动植物。
知识拓展
a (wide / large) variety of=varieties of=various 不同种类的;各种各样的
vary from...to... 从……到……变化
vary with 随着……变化
vary in (在体积、重量等方面)呈现不同
经典佳句
I am glad that our students have varieties of questions to ask in class,and I would like to answer them in various ways.In addition,the questions vary from person to person.
我很高兴我们的学生在课堂上有各种各样的问题要问,我很乐意以各种方式回答他们。此外,问题也因人而异。
名师点拨
表示“多种多样的”的短语还有all kinds of、 all sorts of等。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)There are other (variety) of sunflowers which can be grown exactly in the same way.
(2)Changes in price normally vary changes of supply and demand.
(3)There is no doubt that this sort of thing (vary) from person to person.
Ⅱ.词汇升级
(4)In my free time,I’d like to take exercise,such as swimming,running and all kinds of ball games.
→In my free time,I’d like to take exercise,such as swimming,running and ball games.
答案 (1)varieties (2)with (3)varies
(4)various/a variety of/varieties of
知识点3 beneath prep. 在……下面;在……下方;配不上
(P3)At the bottom, there is a system of roots beneath the ground.
最底层是地下的根系系统。
知识拓展
beneath the surface 表面之下
beneath notice不值得注意;无足轻重
经典佳句
Scientists say the Arctic has huge reserves of resources beneath its ice.
科学家们表示,北极冰层之下蕴藏着巨大的资源储备。
He considers such a job beneath him.
他觉得这种工作有失他的身份。
融会应用 单句写作
(1) lie the surging glaciers.
平静的表面之下暗藏的是涌动的冰川。
(2)What he said is .
他说的话不值得注意。
答案 (1)Beneath the calm surface (2)beneath notice
知识点4 survive vi.生存;存活 vt.幸存;幸免于难 *survivor n.幸存者 *survival n.[U]幸存;[C]残存物
(P3)While a significant number of jaguars survive here,they are only one element of this forest’s food chain.
尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存,但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。
知识拓展
A survive B (by...) A比B活得久……
survive on 依靠……生存下来
survive from 从……存活下来;流传下来
经典佳句
All the people aboard survived in the accident.
船上所有的人在这次事故中都幸存下来了。
As we humans depend on so many species for our survival,we would also be at risk of dying out.
由于我们人类依靠如此多的物种生存,我们也将面临灭绝的风险。
名师点拨
survive意为“幸存;幸免于难”时为及物动词,其后直接跟宾语,不用加介词in或from。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)The traveler trapped in the lonely island survived the fish caught in the sea.
(2)Of the six people injured in the terrible accident, only two (survive).
(3)Rescuers have managed to dig 4 (survive) out of the ruins.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)(2023·安徽马鞍山一中月考)Life isn’t about , but how to dance in the rain.
生活不是关于如何在风雨中生存, 而是如何在雨中起舞。
答案 (1)on (2)survived (3)survivors (4)how to survive from storms
知识点5 disappear vi. 消失;不复存在;灭绝 *disappearance n.消失;不复存在;灭绝 *appear v.出现;显现 *appearance n. 外貌;外观;出现;露面
(P3)Over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming.
在过去的50年里,由于农耕和养牛等人类活动,大约17%的雨林已经消失了。
知识拓展
disappear from 消失在……
appear on 在(某处)出现
make one’s first appearance 某人初次露面
经典佳句
Her nervousness quickly disappeared once she was on stage.
她一走上台,紧张情绪便迅速消失了。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Police are looking into the (appearance) of two children.
(2)His (appear) was different from when he was in high school.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3) scared the thief away.
狗的突然出现把小偷吓跑了。
(4)A year later, she at Nashville’s country music hall.
一年后,她在纳什维尔的乡村音乐厅首次公开露面。
(5)She watched until the train .
她一直看着火车从视线中消失。
答案 (1)disappearance (2)appearance (3)The dog’s sudden appearance (4)made her first public appearance (5)disappeared from sight
知识点6 impact n. 影响;作用;撞击;冲撞 v.有影响;冲击
(P3)As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer,we are left with a question:can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”
随着人类活动的影响不断增加,濒危物种的名单越来越长,这留给我们一个问题:我们能承担得起破坏“地球之肺”的后果吗
知识拓展
have a great/deep impact on 对……有重大/深远影响
impact on/upon对……产生影响
经典佳句
How much children sleep can have a big impact on their growth and development.
孩子们睡眠时间的长短对他们的成长和发展有着重大的影响。
Her father’s death impacted greatly on her childhood years.
父亲的去世对她的童年造成了巨大影响。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)This financial crisis had a much greater impact Main Street.
(2)This book (have) a great impact on readers.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)(2023·湖南郴州模拟)The development of science and technology ,for example, the Internet.
科技的发展,比如说互联网,影响了我们的日常生活。
答案 (1)on (2)has (3)has an impact on our daily life
知识点7 damage vt.& n.损害;伤害;损坏;破坏
(P3)...can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”
……我们能承担得起破坏“地球之肺”的后果吗
知识拓展
cause/do damage to 对……造成损害;损害……
damage one’s health损害某人的健康
经典佳句
Damage caused by the earthquake disaster can’t be ignored.
地震灾害导致的损失不容忽视。
The old painting was damaged in the flood and had to be painstakingly restored.
那幅古画在洪水中遭到破坏,必须精心修复。
易混辨析
destroy、damage、harm、hurt和ruin的用法区别:
destroy “毁灭;消灭”,主要指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用,一般不能或很难恢复
damage “损失”,主要用于物,表示部分的损失,一般可以修复
harm “伤害;损害”,常用于口语,指肉体、精神、健康等方面的伤害
hurt 主要指精神上或肉体上的创伤
ruin 表示严重破坏,以致不能修复,但这种破坏不像destroy那样毁灭得彻底,而是强调致使该物的使用价值产生了问题。用作动词时,表示“使毁灭;使崩溃;弄糟”;用作名词时,表示“毁灭;破产;废墟”
融会应用
Ⅰ.用damage、 ruin、 destroy、 harm、 hurt的适当形式填空
(1)There are many ancient temples which have fallen into .
(2)That town was in a big fire.
(3)What they said and did the relations between the two countries.
(4)His words my feelings.
(5)Drinking too much can one’s health.
Ⅱ.一句多译
众所周知,抽烟会损害我们的健康。
(6)As we all know, smoking can .(damage n.)
(7)It is well known that smoking can .(damage vt.)
答案 (1)ruins (2)destroyed (3)damaged (4)hurt (5)harm/damage (6)do/cause damage to our health (7)damage our health
短 语 句 式
知识点8 in turn相应地;转而;依次
(P3)These frogs, in turn, feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit.
相应地,这些青蛙以吃树叶和水果的昆虫为食。
知识拓展
by turns 轮流地
take turns in doing/to do sth 轮流做某事
It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。
经典佳句
Each of you in turn must tell the funniest joke you can think of.
你们每个人依次讲一个你们能想到的最好笑的笑话。
Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.
理论的基础是实践,反过来理论又为实践服务。
名师点拨
in return与in turn形式相近,但前者意为“作为交换;作为回报”。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)The shop assistants had to have their days off turns.
(2)They had to take turns (look) after the patients.
(3)I think it’s my turn (drive) the kids to school this week.
(4)People try to avoid transportation delays by using their own cars,and this turn creates further problems.
答案 (1)by (2)to look (3)to drive (4)in
知识点9 break down 使分解(为); 使变化(成); 发生故障; (谈判)失败; (身体)垮掉
(P3)When a jaguar dies,a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth.
当美洲豹死亡时,一小群微生物帮助分解它的尸体,让营养物质重回大地。
知识拓展
break away (from) 挣脱(束缚);脱离
break out 突然开始;爆发
break up 结束;解散;破裂
break the record 打破纪录
break one’s word 违背诺言;食言
经典佳句
Unfortunately,the peace talks broke down in the end.As a result,a war broke out between the two countries.The native people had to break away from their homes and suffered a lot from the war.
不幸的是,和谈最终破裂了。结果,两国之间爆发了一场战争。当地人不得不离开自己的家园,饱受战争之苦。
融会应用
Ⅰ.写出下列句子中break down的汉语意思
(1)The car broke down on the way to the airport.
(2)The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached.
(3)Your health will break down if you work too hard.
(4)Plastic bags are difficult to break down.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(5)If you , he will never trust you again.
假如你不遵守诺言,他就不会相信你了。
(6)The war between the two countries may .
那两个国家的战争一触即发。
答案 (1)发生故障 (2)(谈判)失败 (3)(身体)垮掉
(4)分解 (5)break your word (6)break out at any moment
知识点10 due to 由于;因为
(P3)Over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming.
在过去的50年里,由于农耕和养牛等人类活动,大约17%的雨林已经消失了。
知识拓展
be due to do sth 预定/计划做某事
be due to sb 应支付/给予/归于某人
be due for sth 应用某物;应得到某物
经典佳句
The loss of glaciers there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture.
由于全球变暖,那里的冰川融化,这对农业来说是个巨大的威胁。
Mistakes due to carelessness may have serious consequences.
由于疏忽大意造成的错误可能带来严重的后果。
名师点拨
due to意为“由于;因为”, 常作表语, 也可作状语。表示“由于;因为”的其他常见短语有 thanks to、 because of、 owing to等。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)The boat is due (arrive) at 10:00, so remember to meet me on time.
(2)Thank you for delivering my goods here.Ten dollars is due you.
(3)When the car is due its annual service again,please remind me.
答案 (1)to arrive (2)to (3)for
知识点11 build up 逐渐增加;扩大
(P5)For another thing, due to the Amazon’s hot climate, it is difficult for the soil to build up enough nutrients.
另一方面,由于亚马孙雨林气候炎热,土壤很难积累足够的养分。
知识拓展
put up 搭起;设立;建造;举起;提高
look up 向上看;查阅
make up 虚构;弥补;构成;和好
stand up 经得起检验;站得住脚
经典佳句
Practising Chinese kung fu can not only build up one’s strength, but also develop one’s character.
练中国功夫不但能增强体质,还能培养一个人的品质。
We don’t like him because he is always making up excuses whenever he makes mistakes.
我们都不喜欢他是因为每当他犯错误时,他总是在找借口。
融会应用 单句写作
(1)I helped him several shelves in his bedroom.
我帮他在卧室里装了几个架子。
(2)Can you the opening times on the website
你可以在网站上查一下开放的时间吗
(3)I think it’s very unkind of you to stories about him.
我认为你编造关于他的故事是很不友好的。
(4)He made wild accusations that did not .
他的指控毫无根据,根本站不住脚。
答案 (1)put up (2)look up (3)make up (4)stand up
知识点12 as用作介词
(P2)As the largest rainforest in the world, it plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth’s ecosystem.
作为世界上最大的雨林,它在维持地球生态系统的良好平衡方面发挥着重要作用。
知识拓展
句中的As为介词,意思是“作为……;以……身份”。as还可以用作连词,引导以下从句:
(1)as引导时间状语从句,意思是“当……的时候;随着……”;
(2)as引导方式状语从句,意思是“按照……;如同……”;
(3)as引导原因状语从句,意思是“因为;既然;由于”;
(4)as可以引导比较状语从句;
(5)as可以引导让步状语从句,且从句常倒装;
(6)as还可以用作关系代词引导非限制性定语从句,并在定语从句中作宾语、主语或表语。
But as I got closer, I found they were only discussing how to raise money for the trip.
但当我走近时,我发现他们只是在讨论如何为这次旅行筹集资金。
She looked as calm and serene as she always did.
她看上去和以往一样平静安详。
As they’re handmade, each one varies slightly.
因为是手工制作,所以每件都有细微差别。
Try as he might, he couldn’t open the door.
他想尽了办法也没能打开门。
融会应用
Ⅰ.指出下列句中as引导的从句类型
(1)As I waited at the bus stop, I heard a big noise.
(2)Tom did his homework as well as Mike (did).
(3)Try as I might, I could not lift the stone.
(4)We should follow the rules of the school as the teachers do.
(5)As is well known to us all, the Earth is round.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(6)I would do it in .
我将用和你一样的方式去做这件事。
(7) , it is a bad manner to come late to class.
由于你是一个学生,上课迟到是非常不礼貌的行为。
(8) , he can speak two foreign languages.
虽然他是个孩子,但他会说两门外语。
(9)I think we should do the cleaning .
我认为我们应该像父母那样来打扫卫生。
(10) , your request will be considered at the next meeting.
正如我在电话里所解释的那样,我们会在下次会议上考虑你的请求。
答案 (1)时间状语从句 (2)比较状语从句 (3)让步状语从句 (4)方式状语从句 (5)非限制性定语从句 (6)the same way as you did (7)As you are a student (8)Child as he is (9)as our parents do (10)As I explained on the phone
知识点13 倍数表达法
(P2)With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.
亚马孙雨林面积约600万平方千米,超过中国面积的一半。
知识拓展
本句中用了“倍数+the+名词(size/length/width/height/weight...)+of+被比较的对象”这一结构。
常见的倍数表示法还有:
(1)倍数+as+adj./adv.(原级)+as...
(2)倍数+比较级+than...
(3)倍数+what从句
This book is four times as long as that one.
→This book is three times longer than that one.
→This book is four times the length of that one.
这本书是那本书篇幅的四倍。
They turned out 400 kinds of products with a total value more than 38 times what it was in 1950.
他们生产了400种产品,总产值为1950年的38倍多。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)This bridge is five times the (wide) of that one.
(2)The red ruler is four times (long) than the yellow one.
(3)The city is ten times as (big) as my hometown.
(4)A new cellphone costs about three times price of a second-hand one.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(5)This table is (长三倍) than that one.
(6)The price of the house this year is (去年的两倍).
答案 (1)width (2)longer (3)big (4)the (5)three times longer (6)twice what it was last year
知识点14 “介词+关系代词”结构引导定语从句
(P2)The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is about 6, 400 kilometres in length—around 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.
亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河, 亚马孙河接近6400千米, 比长江还长约100千米。
知识拓展
句中from which 是“介词+关系代词”结构引导定语从句, 修饰先行词The Amazon River。
I think the decision was a bitter blow, from which he never quite recovered.
我想这个决定对他是个沉重的打击, 从此以后他一蹶不振。
I took a photo of the students, among whom was seated a teacher.
我给这些学生拍了一张照片, 他们中间坐着一位老师。
名师点拨
介词后的关系代词只能用which (指物) 或whom (指人), 即“介词+which/whom”, 并且关系代词不能省略。
融会应用 单句写作
(1)She still remembers the day .
她仍然记得自己获奖的那一天。
(2)We didn’t know the reason .
我们不知道他拒绝我们帮助的原因。
(3)Look! There comes Tom, for an hour.
瞧, 汤姆来啦, 我等了他一个小时。
答案 (1)on which /when she won the prize (2)for which/why he refused our help (3)for whom I have waiting
知识点15 完全倒装
(P3)Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.
在那之上是在阴暗雨林地面上的厚实的落叶层。
知识拓展
本句为完全倒装句。作表语的介词短语Above that位于句子开头,整句进行了全部倒装。正常语序为The mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor is above that。
需要完全倒装的情况:
(1)当作表语的介词短语/形容词/分词置于句首时,句子要用全部倒装,构成“表语(介词短语/形容词/分词)+连系动词+主语”结构。
(2)表示地点、时间、方向等的介词短语放在句首时,句子要用全部倒装。常见的介词有among、between、in、at、beneath等。
(3)表示方向、地点和时间的副词in、out、down、up、off、back、away、over、there、now、then、here等放于句首,且主语是名词而不是代词时,句子要全部倒装。
In the middle of the hall was standing a tall young man.
一个高个子的年轻人站在大厅中央。
Down fell half a dozen apples.
六个苹果掉下来了。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Sitting in the hall (be) the two astronauts who were very young.
(2)Here (come) a good chance that you can use your summer vacation to go on study tours.
(3)On the wall (be) hanging two old paintings.
(4)Present at the evening party on Thursday (be) our English teacher.
Ⅱ.翻译句子
(5)公共汽车来了。
_______________________________________________________________________________
(6)我们学校前面矗立着一座塔。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案 (1)were (2)comes (3)are (4)was
(5)Here comes the bus. (6)In front of our school stands a tower
【随堂检测】
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.The court case will do serious harm my business.
2.There is a popular (continent) holiday resort.
3.This room is twice the (long) of the kitchen.
4.This tool can be used in a (various) of ways.
5.He remains a (tower) figure in rock and roll.
6.The mountain gorilla is on the verge of (extinct).
7.Farmers struggling for survival strip the forests for (agriculture) land.
8.Her speech made a profound impact everyone.
9.The plan will cost in the region six million dollars.
10.The arrival of this predator threatened the (survive) of native species.
答案 1.to 2.continental 3.length 4.variety 5.towering 6.extinction 7.agricultural 8.on
9.of 10.survival
Ⅱ.选词填空
in turn; break down; breathe life into; build up; feed on; in danger of; play a role in; more than; be known as
1.Increased production will, ,lead to increased profits.
2.The graduates our business.
3.As is known to all,the giant panda is becoming extinct.
4.I like her her sister.
5.A new study suggests that our short-term memory also appetite.
6.Birds nuts and berries in the winter.
7.Many people were expecting that the peace talks would not .
8.This design came to the oriental(东方的) style.
9.She has always been encouraged to swim to the strength of her muscles.
答案 1.in turn 2.breathed life into 3.in danger of 4.more than 5.play a role in 6.feed on
7.break down 8.be known as 9.build up
Ⅲ.单句写作
1.We need some new people to this project.
我们需要一些新人给该项目注入活力。
2.Anxiety can, , lead to a number of physical and emotional problems.
焦虑会转而引起若干身体和情感问题。
3.The collection over the last seventeen years.
在过去的17年中, 收藏的规模不断扩大。
4.It is about Pluto, too small to be considered as a planet.
它的大小约为冥王星的一半, 太小了以至于不能被视为行星。
5.This museum has a building, the stars, the weather, etc.
这个博物馆还有一座可以观看星星、天气等的建筑物。
答案 1.breathe life into 2.in turn 3.has been built up 4.half the size of 5.from which you can watch
Ⅳ.用所学短语完成短文
There are more than 9,500 species of birds in the world, and birds are the most extensive animals in the world. Different kinds of birds have 1.(各种各样的) recipes. Some seabirds, such as penguins and seagulls, eat marine fish. Many eagles 2.(以……为食) small birds or animals, such as golden eagles. Sparrows eat plant seeds, sometimes bugs. 3.(大量的) wild birds live for less than a year, and the bigger the bird is, the longer it lives. Rainforests 4.(为……提供庇护) about two-thirds of all birds. Now, about twelve percent of the world’s birds are 5.(濒临灭绝). Of the 1212 bird species at risk of global extinction, many of them are mainly affected by expansion of arable land, with other major threats including tree cutting, invasive species and hunting.
答案 1.a variety of 2.feed on 3.Masses of
4.provide shelter for 5.close to extinction
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