Unit 2 Section Ⅱ Learning about language
【学习目标】
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要语言点的基本用法。(语言能力)
2.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化所学语言点,并学以致用。(学习能力)
【自主预习】
Step 1 单词认读
1. vi. & vt. 出去;离去;退场;退出 n.出口;通道;离开→ (反)n.入口;进入
2. vt. 伤害;使受伤;损害→ adj.受伤的;受损害的→ n.伤害;损害
3. adj.奇怪的;怪异的;偶尔的;不成对的→ adv.古怪地;反常地
4. n. 宽慰;轻松;减轻;消除;救济→ vt.解除;减轻
5. adj.引起破坏的;破坏(或毁灭)性的→ n.破坏;毁灭;摧毁
6. n.反应;回应;抗拒;化学反应→ vi.& vt.反应;回应;反抗
7. vt.确认;使确信;证实;批准→ n.确认;证实;证明;批准
答案 1.exit; entrance 2.injure; injured; injury
3.odd; oddly 4.relief; relieve 5.destructive;
destruction 6.reaction; react 7.confirm; confirmation
构词规律
v.+-ion→n. v.+-ive→adj.
react→reaction 反应;回应 connect→connection 连接;联系 devote→devotion 奉献 educate→education 教育 effect→effective 有效的;生效的 create→creative 创造性的;创作的 attract→attractive 吸引人的;有吸引力的 decide→decisive 决定性的;坚决的
Step 2 短语记诵
1. 整齐地排列
2. 一系列的;一连串的
3. 警告某人某事
4. 丧生
答案 1.in an orderly line 2.a series of 3.warn sb of sth 4.loss of life
Step 3 佳句赏析
1.Only 5 students suffered slight injuries, despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area at large.(despite后接名词表让步)
翻译 尽管目前整个灾区的伤亡数字是7人死亡,200多人受伤,但(在这所学校)只有5名学生受了轻伤。
仿写 , the fishing has been pretty good.
尽管天气不好,捕鱼却一直收获颇丰。
2.At the same time, Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door, in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open.(in case引导目的状语从句)
翻译 与此同时,布朗老师迅速打开了教室的门,防止门在地震中损坏而无法打开。
仿写 anyone was following me, I made an elaborate detour.
我特意绕了一圈,以防有人跟踪。
3.It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami.(It occurs to sb+that从句)
翻译 她立刻意识到这些是海啸来临的征兆。
仿写 I forgot to lock the door!
我突然想起我忘记锁门了!
答案 1.Despite the poor weather 2.In case 3.It occurs to me that
【合作探究】
新知探究
解析教材
Pupils’ lives spared during Falmont earthquake
By Raymond Tran
18 March
FALMONT—On 17 March,476 students and 36 teachers at Falmont Primary School escaped an earthquake that hit the county at 2:27 pm(1).Only 5 students suffered slight injuries,despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area at large.
Alice Brown,head teacher at Falmont Primary School,was teaching when the floor began to shake.Her students’ reaction was quick and correct—they moved under their desks,head first,and held on to the legs of the desks.At the same time,Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door,in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open.There were loud crashes of glass breaking and things falling to the ground,but the students remained still and waited calmly and quietly.
弗尔蒙特地震中幸免于难的学生
雷蒙德·特兰
3月18日
弗尔蒙特——3月17日下午2点27分,弗尔蒙特小学的476名学生和36名教师逃脱了地震的袭击。尽管目前整个灾区的伤亡数字是7人死亡,200多人受伤,但(在这所学校)只有5名学生受了轻伤。
弗尔蒙特小学的校长艾丽斯·布朗正在上课,突然地板开始摇晃起来。她的学生们反应迅速且正确——他们爬到课桌下面,头朝里,并紧紧抓住桌腿。与此同时,布朗老师迅速打开了教室的门,防止门在地震中损坏而无法打开。尽管玻璃破碎和物体落地发出阵阵巨响,但是学生们仍然一动不动,沉着安静地等着。
【助读点拨】
(1)that 引导定语从句,先行词为an earthquake,在从句中作主语。
The moment the shaking stopped(2),Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape. She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands.Within one minute and twenty seconds,the whole class went down the stairs and rushed to the playground.Soon students from other classes arrived too.After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound, they relaxed, laughing, crying and hugging each other.(3)
“We practise earthquake safety procedures twice a year,” said Miss Brown,“so the kids were calm enough to protect themselves during the earthquake.”
震动一停止,布朗老师就意识到这是全班同学逃跑的最佳时机。她示意学生们用手抱着头,排好队,有序离开教室。在1分20秒内,全班同学走下楼梯,冲向操场。很快,其他班的学生也来了。在点名确认所有人都安然无恙后,他们才放松下来,笑着,哭着,拥抱着对方。
布朗老师说:“我们每年练习两次地震安全逃生程序,所以孩子们在地震中都足够冷静,能够保护自己。”
【助读点拨】
(2)此处为The moment引导时间状语从句。
(3)that 引导宾语从句,laughing,crying and hugging each other是动词-ing形式作伴随状语。
Girl saves 100 from tsunami
By Jessie Cable
21 December
NEWDALE—On 20 December,a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake(4) raced across the ocean near Goldshore and left thousands dead.Goldshore Beach was the only local beach to survive the disaster without any loss of life.A 10-year-old girl,Sabrina Andron,helped around 100 people escape danger with her knowledge of tsunamis.
女孩拯救百人免遭海啸袭击
杰西·凯布尔
12月21日
纽代尔市——12月20日,由海底地震引起的一排排巨浪急速地冲过金海岸附近的海面,造成数千人死亡。在这场灾难中,金海岸是当地唯一没有人员伤亡的海滩。一个10岁的女孩,名字叫萨布丽娜·安德龙,用自己掌握的海啸的知识帮助大约100人逃离了危险。
【助读点拨】
(4)此处为动词-ed形式作后置定语。
The day began like any other on Goldshore Beach.People were walking,running or simply sitting on the sandy beach,enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind that brushed their hair.Sabrina was one of the happy tourists until she noticed something odd.“The water was like the bubbles on the top of a beer,” she later explained.“It wasn’t calm and it wasn’t going in and then out.It was just coming in and in and in.”Sabrina had just learnt about tsunamis in a Geography lesson.It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami.(5)
和往常一样,金海岸的一天开始了。人们走着、跑着,或者只是坐在沙滩上,享受着温暖的海风和拂过他们头发的微风。萨布丽娜是这些快乐的游客中的一个,直到她注意到了一丝异样。“海水像啤酒上面的泡沫,”她后来解释说,“它很不平静,不是形成后破灭。它只是在不断地形成。”萨布丽娜刚刚在地理课上学习了关于海啸的知识。她立刻意识到这是海啸来临的征兆。
【助读点拨】
(5)此处为“It occurred to sb that...”句式,表示“某人突然想到……”。其中,It为形式主语,真正的主语是that从句。
Sabrina was frightened, but she soon kept her head.She warned her parents of the danger,though at first they just thought she was joking(6).However,Sabrina was certain that a terrible disaster was on its way and kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer.To her great relief,the officer immediately realized the coming danger.The beach was rapidly cleared of people,just before the huge waves crashed into the coast.
萨布丽娜很害怕,但她很快就保持了镇静。她警告她的父母这很危险,尽管一开始他们认为她是在开玩笑。然而,萨布丽娜确信可怕的灾难即将来临,坚持要父母去找安全员谈谈。令她大为宽慰的是,这名安全员立即意识到了即将来临的危险。在巨浪冲击海岸之前,海滩上的人被快速疏散了。
【助读点拨】
(6)此处为 though引导的让步状语从句。
核 心 单 词
知识点1 injure vt. 伤害;使受伤;损害 *injured adj.受伤的;有伤的 *injury n.伤;伤口;伤害;损伤
(P16)Only 5 students suffered slight injuries,despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area at large.
尽管目前整个灾区的伤亡数字是7人死亡,200多人受伤,但(在这所学校)只有5名学生受了轻伤。
知识拓展
the injured 伤者
do sb an injury 伤害某人
图解释义
The injured were rushed to the hospital in an ambulance.
救护车把伤者火速送往医院。
易混辨析
hurt、 injure和 wound的用法区别:
hurt 是普通用语,既可指肉体上的伤害,也可指精神上、感情上的伤害。
injure比hurt 正式,hurt 多指伤痛,而 injure 则指损害健康、成就、容貌等,强调功能的损失。
wound主要指刀伤、枪伤,多指在战斗中受伤。
名师点拨
“the+形容词”表示一类人或事物,the injured表示“受伤的人;伤者”。
The number of the injured amounted to over 100.
受伤人数总计一百多。
融会应用 用injure、hurt、wound的适当形式填空
(1)Mummy!The shoes are too small!My feet .
(2)The war ended, but the were a big problem.
(3)If you go on at that rate, you will your health.
(4)That will her feelings.
答案 (1)hurt (2)wounded (3)injure (4)hurt
知识点2 reaction n.反应;回应;抗拒;化学反应 *react vi.回应;起反应
(P16)Her students’ reaction was quick and correct—they moved under their desks,head first,and held on to the legs of the desks.
她的学生们反应迅速且正确——他们爬到课桌下面,头朝里,并紧紧抓住桌腿。
知识拓展
in reaction to对……做出反应
react to 对……做出反应;回应
react with和……起化学反应
react against反对;反抗
经典佳句
The chemistry teacher shows us how iron reacts with air and water.
化学老师向我们展示铁是如何与空气和水起反应的。
A spokesman said the changes were not in reaction to the company’s recent losses.
一位发言人说,这些变动不是针对公司最近的损失而做出的反应。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)We reacted the limitations of us.
(2)Hearing how others react the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
(3)Like all metals,these react other elements by giving up electrons to form positively charged ions(离子).
(4)What was his (react) to your remarks
Ⅱ.单句写作
(5)The government took many measures (为了应对) the change of the climate.
(6)How did he (对你的建议有什么反应)
(7)Children tend to (抗拒父母) by going against their parents’ wishes.
答案 (1)against (2)to (3)with (4)reaction (5)in reaction to (6)react to your suggestion
(7)react against their parents
知识点3 signal vi.& vt.发信号;示意;标志 n.信号;暗号;信号灯;标志
(P16) She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands.
她示意学生们用手抱着头,排好队,有序离开教室。
知识拓展
a danger/warning signal危险/警告信号
traffic signals交通信号灯
signal (to) sb to do sth 示意某人做某事
signal to sb 向某人示意
图解释义
Chest pain can be a warning signal of heart problems.
胸部疼痛可能是心脏病的先兆。
易混辨析
signal、sign、symbol和mark的区别:
signal 指为某一目的而有意发出的信号,用于传达某些信息
sign 表示“告示;标记”时,侧重指用图形、文字等所表达的内容,另外还可指“征兆;迹象”
symbol 指象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物或图案
mark 普通用词,含义广泛。既可指为便于辨认而有意做的标记,又可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征,还可以指污点、污渍、分数、成绩等
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)The guard seems to be signalling us with his arm.
(2)The policeman signalled us (cross) the road.
(3)We overlook all sorts of warning (signal) about our own health.
Ⅱ.选词填空(signal、sign、symbol、mark)
(4)I couldn’t get a on my cell phone.
(5)Sir,you are not allowed to walk your pet on the lawn.Don’t you see the “Keep off the grass”
(6)The dove is the of peace.
(7)Every coat in the shop has a price sewn on it.
答案 (1)to (2)to cross (3)signals (4)signal (5)sign (6)symbol (7)mark
知识点4 confirm v.证实;确认;使确信;批准 *confirmation n.证实;证明书
*confirmed adj.根深蒂固的;成习惯的
(P16)After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound, they relaxed, laughing, crying and hugging each other.
在点名确认所有人都安然无恙后,他们才放松下来,笑着,哭着,拥抱着对方。
知识拓展
confirm to have done sth 确认已完成某事
confirm sb in... 使某人在……方面更加坚定
confirm sb in the belief that... 使某人坚信……
It is/has been confirmed that... 已经确定……
经典佳句
Rumours of job losses were later confirmed.
裁员的传言后来得到了证实。
His guilty expression confirmed my doubt.
他内疚的表情证实了我的猜疑。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)I am (confirm) in my opinions by what you told me.
(2)I’m still waiting for (confirm) of the test results.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)(2023·哈尔滨九中月考) even if we don’t smoke,our health will be affected just the same if we work or live in an environment where others smoke.
已经证实,即使我们不吸烟,如果我们在别人吸烟的环境中工作或生活,我们的健康也同样会受到损害。
答案 (1)confirmed (2)confirmation (3)It has been confirmed that
知识点5 procedure n. 程序;步骤;手续 *procedural adj.程序性的;程序上的
(P16)“We practise earthquake safety procedures twice a year,” said Miss Brown, “so the kids were calm enough to protect themselves during the earthquake.”
布朗老师说:“我们每年练习两次地震安全逃生程序,所以孩子们在地震中都足够冷静,能够保护自己。”
知识拓展
follow normal/standard procedure遵循正常的/标准的步骤
procedural rules程序性规则
经典佳句
I have my doubts that anyone has actually followed the procedures strictly.
我怀疑是否有人真的严格遵守了这些程序。
Carry out the procedures suggested below.
按以下建议程序进行。
融会应用 单句写作
(1)Making a complaint is quite .
申诉的手续相当简单。
(2)The two sides have spent most of their time arguing over .
双方花了大部分的时间在争论程序性的问题上。
答案 (1)a simple procedure (2)procedural problems
知识点6 relief n.宽慰;轻松;减轻;消除;救济 *relieve vt.解除;减轻;缓和;缓解;调剂
(P17)To her great relief, the officer immediately realized the coming danger.
令她大为宽慰的是,这名安全员立即意识到了即将来临的危险。
知识拓展
in/with relief 如释重负;松了口气
to one’s relief 令某人感到欣慰的是
It’s a relief to do sth. 做某事是令人欣慰的。
What a relief! 可轻松了!
relieve sb of... 帮助某人减轻……负担
图解释义
I smiled with relief after I heard I had passed the examination.
听到我已经通过了考试,我轻松地笑了。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)It was relief to see my support team at the end of the road.
(2)My assistant relieved me all the paperwork.
(3)The passengers all sighed relief when the plane finally landed safely.
答案 (1)a (2)of (3)with
知识点7 inform vt. 通知;了解;熟悉 *informed adj.了解情况的;见多识广的
(P19)Remember to inform yourself of what is going on.
记得告诉自己发生了什么。
知识拓展
inform sb about/of sth=keep sb informed of通知某人某事
inform sb (that) 通知某人……
inform oneself of sth 使自己了解……
经典佳句
I can’t wait to inform my parents of the good news.
我迫不及待地通知我父母这个好消息。
We should keep ourselves informed of the latest information.
我们应该了解最新的信息。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Please inform us any change of address as soon as possible.
(2)We perfected a hand-signal system so that he could keep me (inform) of hazards.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)We regret to your application has been rejected.
我们很遗憾地通知你,你的申请未被接受。
(4)They must use research to the missing parts of the story.
他们应该通过研究了解故事中缺少的部分。
答案 (1)of/about (2)informed (3)inform you that (4)inform themselves of
短 语 句 式
知识点8 at large大多数;一般
(P16)Only 5 students suffered slight injuries,despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area at large.
尽管目前整个灾区的伤亡数字是7人死亡,200多人受伤,但(在这所学校)只有5名学生受了轻伤。
知识拓展
on the whole基本上;大体上;整体上说
the majority of ……的大多数
generally speaking/in general总的来说
经典佳句
The students at large are hungry for English.
总体来讲,这些学生都渴望学英语。
This article represents the opinion of the public at large.
这篇文章代表了民众的普遍意见。
融会应用 一句多译
总的来说,小学时,女生比男生更高。
(1) , girls are taller than boys in primary school.
(2) , girls are taller than boys in primary school.
(3)Girls are taller than boys in primary school .
答案 (1)On the whole (2)Generally speaking/In general (3)at large
知识点9 safe and sound 安然无恙的
(P16)After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound, they relaxed, laughing, crying and hugging each other.
在点名确认所有人都安然无恙后,他们才放松下来,笑着,哭着,拥抱着对方。
知识拓展
(as) sound as a bell 状况极佳;十分健康
be of sound mind心智健全
sound judgement明智的判断
a sound knowledge/understanding of sth对某事透彻的了解/理解
经典佳句
At last, the plane righted itself and everyone was safe and sound.
最后,飞机终于恢复了平稳, 大家都安然无恙。
Three days later, the travellers arrived home safe and sound.
三天之后,游客们安然无恙地回到了家。
融会应用 单句写作
(1)Even at the age of 80, the old man is .
尽管已是八十高龄,老人仍十分健康。
(2)The doctor certified that she was .
医生诊断表明她心智健全。
(3)He .
他缺乏准确的判断力。
答案 (1)as sound as a bell (2)of sound mind (3)lacks sound judgement
知识点10 occur to被想到;浮现在脑中
(P17)It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami.
她立刻意识到这是海啸来临的征兆。
知识拓展
sth occurs to sb 某事浮现在某人的脑海中;某人想到某事
It occurs to sb that...某人突然想起……
It occurs to sb to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事。
经典佳句
A good idea occurred to me all at once.
突然间我想到一个好主意。
It never occurred to me that it would be applied to physics.
我从没想到它可以应用于物理学。
名师点拨
occur不用于进行时态也没有被动形式。类似用法的还有take place、belong to、happen等。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Years ago,a critical event (occur) in my life.
(2)It never occurred to her (ask) for help when she was in trouble.
Ⅱ.一句多译
他忽然想起他把钥匙忘在办公室里了。
(3) he had left his keys in the office.(occur)
(4) he had left his keys in the office.(hit)
(5) he had left his keys in the office.(strike)
答案 (1)occurred (2)to ask (3)It occurred to him that (4)It hit him that (5)It struck him that
知识点11 keep one’s head (在困境中)保持冷静
(P17)Sabrina was frightened,but she soon kept her head.
萨布丽娜很害怕,但她很快就保持了镇静。
知识拓展
keep away from 避开;别靠近
keep up with跟上;赶上
keep an eye on注视;留心;注意;照顾
keep...in mind把……记住
keep sb from doing阻止(不让)某人做某事
keep silent over...对……保持沉默
keep in touch with与……保持联系(强调状态)
经典佳句
You can keep your head for 4-10 hours after exercise.
运动后,你可以在4~10小时内保持头脑清醒。
Nowadays,we can move around the world and still keep in touch with the people that we want to remain friends with.
现在我们能周游世界,却仍可以和我们想与之交朋友的人保持联系。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Keep away the doors while the train is moving.
(2)It is difficult to keep up the rapid pace of change.
(3)Will you please keep an eye my luggage
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4) that translators will only see the strings—not the running application.
记住翻译人员将只能看到字符串——而不是运行的应用程序。
(5)I hope you will anything rash.
我希望你不要做任何莽撞的事。
(6)Dr Manette had been put in prison so that he would this matter.
曼奈特医生被关进了监狱,以至于他无法把这件事张扬出去。
答案 (1)from (2)with (3)on (4)Keep in mind
(5)keep from doing (6)keep silent over
知识点12 be doing...when...
(P16) Alice Brown,head teacher at Falmont Primary School, was teaching when the floor began to shake.
弗尔蒙特小学的校长艾丽斯·布朗正在上课,突然地板开始摇晃起来。
知识拓展
句中的was teaching when the floor began to shake为“be doing...when...”句式,意思是“正在做……这时……”。句中的when是并列连词,意思是“就在那时”,相当于and then或and at the same time。
when作并列连词时常用于以下句型中:
(1)be doing...when...
正在做……这时……
(2)be about to do...when...=be on the point of doing...when...
正要做……这时……
(3)had hardly done...when...
刚做了……这时……
He was thinking about the question when an apple fell to the ground.
他正在思考这个问题,这时(突然)一个苹果落到了地上。
He was sleeping when someone knocked at the door.
他正在睡觉,这时(突然)有人敲门。
The thief was on the point of putting his hand into the lady’s handbag when the bus suddenly stopped.
小偷正要把手伸进那位女士的手提包中,这时公共汽车突然停了。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)He was on the point of leaving someone knocked at the gate.
(2)I (wander) through the streets when I caught sight of a tailor’s shop.
(3)We were about (start) when it began to rain.
答案 (1)when (2)was wandering (3)to start
知识点13 in case引导目的状语从句
(P16) At the same time, Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door, in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open.
与此同时, 布朗老师迅速打开了教室的门,防止门在地震中损坏而无法打开。
知识拓展
句中的in case引导目的状语从句,意为“以免;以防”。
类似的引导目的状语的表达还有for fear that“生怕;唯恐”。
The doctor shares his phone number with the patients in case they need medical assistance.
医生给了病人他的手机号码, 以防病人需要医疗援助。
She locked herself in for fear that anyone might come to disturb her.
她把自己锁在里面, 免得有人打扰她。
名师点拨
in case of也可以表示“以免;以防”的意思,但其后接名词或名词短语。
In case of urgency, call the police.
一旦发生紧急情况, 打电话给警察。
融会应用 单句写作
(1)It would be safer to take more money with you emergency.
多带些钱保险些,以防急用。
(2)He worked hard he might be fired by the boss.
他拼命地干活,生怕被老板解雇。
答案 (1)in case of (2)for fear that
知识点14 the moment引导时间状语从句
(P16)The moment the shaking stopped,Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape.
震动一停止,布朗老师就意识到这是全班同学逃跑的最佳时机。
知识拓展
句中的the moment相当于连词,引导时间状语从句,意思是“一……就……”。表示“一……就……”的结构还有:
(1)as soon as+从句
(2)immediately/instantly/directly+从句
(3)the second/instant/minute+从句
(4)hardly+主句(过去完成时)+when+从句(一般过去时)
(5)no sooner+主句(过去完成时)+than+从句(一般过去时)
(6)on/upon+doing/n.
The moment I picked up the receiver, I realized that somebody had dialed the wrong number.
我一拿起听筒就知道是有人打错电话了。
The instant I see him, I will tell him the good news that he has been admitted to the key university.
我一见到他,就会告诉他这个好消息,他已被重点大学录取了。
The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.
这个小男孩一看到妈妈,就立刻哭了起来。
名师点拨
the moment/minute/second/instant用作连词时,其后不能再加when。
融会应用 同义句转换
He came to visit us as soon as he arrived in Beijing.
(1)He had arrived in Beijing he came to visit us.
(2) had he arrived in Beijing he came to visit us.
(3)He came to visit us he arrived in Beijing.
(4)He came to visit us he arrived in Beijing.
(5) in Beijing, he came to visit us.
答案 (1)no sooner/hardly;than/when (2)No sooner/Hardly;than/when (3)instantly/immediately/directly (4)the instant/the moment/the minute (5)On/Upon arriving
【随堂检测】
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.The other (injure) man had a superficial stomach wound.
2.The decision was (disaster) in political terms.
3.That could be bad news for economic development large.
4.Someone allergic to milk is likely to react cheese.
5.A truck went out of control and crashed the back of a bus.
6.Holly waited at a stoplight, impatient for the signal change.
7.Troops were sent in to restore (orderly).
8.It didn’t occur him that she would refuse his invitation.
9.The doctor drew off some fluid to (relief) the pressure.
答案 1.injured 2.disastrous 3.at 4.to 5.into
6.to 7.order 8.to 9.relieve
Ⅱ. 选词填空
at large; safe and sound; warn sb of; to one’s relief; hold on to; occur to; a series of
1.The book is an expansion of lectures given last year.
2.The chances of getting reforms accepted by the community remain extremely remote.
3.Much , our performance was fully appreciated by the audience.
4. your dreams and one day they may come true.
5.It was a miracle that the missing boy arrived home .
6.Would I them the sorrow and betrayal that lie in store
7.It never me that she might be in trouble.
答案 1.a series of 2.at large 3.to our relief
4.Hold on to 5.safe and sound 6.warn; of
7.occurred to
Ⅲ.单句写作
1.The driver when the doctors arrived.
司机正在拯救受伤的乘客, 就在那时医生到了。
2.You should learn some basic knowledge of disasters, some day.
你应该了解一些有关灾难的基础知识, 以防某天灾难发生了。
3. ,you can turn to me for help.
你一用光了钱, 就可以找我帮忙。
4. her reaction to the matter was amazing.
我突然想到她对这件事情的反应令人吃惊。
5.He insisted that the document as soon as possible.
他坚决要求尽快上交该文件。
答案 1.was rescuing the injured passengers
2.in case one occurs 3.The moment you run out of money 4.It occurred to me that 5.(should) be handed in
Ⅳ.用所学短语完成短文
Experts suggest that when an earthquake occurs, 1. (一般来说) people should take shelter nearby, and after the earthquake, quickly evacuate to a safe place in case of 2. (一系列) aftershocks. Indoors people should stay close to solid objects that can cover the body, such as places that are prone to form triangular spaces. However, if you are on the lower floor, you can evacuate in the first place, trying to protect your own head and avoiding falling rubble, cement boards; in addition, do not use the elevator, or push other people resulting in stampede casualties. If you’re on a higher floor, 3. (保持冷静), don’t jump, run around or be close to windows. Quickly cover your head, hide under or near your desk, and try to curl up and lower your center of gravity. 4. (抓住;不放开) the thing such as schoolbag to cover your head, lest be crushed and injured.When the earthquake subsides, retreat to open ground 5. (安然无恙).
答案 1.at large 2.a series of 3.keep your head 4.Hold on to 5.safe and sound
2(共59张PPT)
UNIT 2 Natural disasters
Section Ⅱ Learning about language
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要语言点的基本用法。（语言能力）
2.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化所学语言点,并学以致用。（学习能力）
1._____vi. & vt. 出去;离去;退场;退出 n.出口;通道;离开→________（反）n.入口;进入
exit
entrance
2.______vt. 伤害;使受伤;损害→_______adj.受伤的;受损害的→______n.伤害;损害
injure
injured
injury
3._____adj.奇怪的;怪异的;偶尔的;不成对的→______adv.古怪地;反常地
odd
oddly
4.______n. 宽慰;轻松;减轻;消除;救济→_______vt.解除;减轻
relief
relieve
5.__________adj.引起破坏的;破坏（或毁灭）性的→___________n.破坏;毁灭;摧毁
destructive
destruction
6.________n.反应;回应;抗拒;化学反应→______vi.& vt.反应;回应;反抗
reaction
react
7.________vt.确认;使确信;证实;批准→____________n.确认;证实;证明;批准
confirm
confirmation
构词规律
v.+-ion→n. v.+-ive→adj.
react→reaction 反应;回应 connect→connection 连接;联系 devote→devotion 奉献 educate→education 教育 effect→effective 有效的;生效的
create→creative 创造性的；创作的
attract→attractive 吸引人的;有吸引力的
decide→decisive 决定性的；坚决的
1._________________整齐地排列
in an orderly line
2.___________一系列的;一连串的
a series of
3.______________警告某人某事
warn sb of sth
4.___________丧生
loss of life
1.Only 5 students suffered slight injuries, despite the current figures of 7 killed and
over 200 injured in the disaster area at large.（despite后接名词表让步）
翻译 尽管目前整个灾区的伤亡数字是7人死亡,200多人受伤,但（在这所学校）只有5名
学生受了轻伤。
仿写 _______________________, the fishing has been pretty good.
尽管天气不好,捕鱼却一直收获颇丰。
Despite the poor weather
2.At the same time, Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door, in case it
became damaged during the shaking and could not open.（in case引导目的状语从句）
翻译 与此同时,布朗老师迅速打开了教室的门,防止门在地震中损坏而无法打开。
仿写 ________anyone was following me, I made an elaborate detour.
我特意绕了一圈,以防有人跟踪。
In case
3.It immediately occurred to her thatthese were signs of an approaching tsunami.（It
occurs to sb+that从句）
翻译 她立刻意识到这些是海啸来临的征兆。
仿写 ___________________I forgot to lock the door!
我突然想起我忘记锁门了!
It occurs to me that
核心单词
知识点1 injure vt.伤害；使受伤；损害 ＊injured adj.受伤的；有伤的 ＊injury n.伤；伤口；伤害；损伤
（P16）Only 5 students suffered slight injuries,despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area at large.
尽管目前整个灾区的伤亡数字是7人死亡,200多人受伤,但（在这所学校）只有5名学生受了轻伤。
知识拓展
the injured 伤者
do sb an injury 伤害某人
图解释义
The injured were rushed to the hospital in an ambulance.
救护车把伤者火速送往医院。
易混辨析
hurt、 injure和 wound的用法区别:
hurt 是普通用语,既可指肉体上的伤害,也可指精神上、感情上的伤害。
injure比hurt 正式,hurt 多指伤痛,而 injure 则指损害健康、成就、容貌等,强调功能的损失。
wound主要指刀伤、枪伤,多指在战斗中受伤。
名师点拨
“the+形容词”表示一类人或事物,the injured表示“受伤的人；伤者”。
The number of the injured amounted to over 100.
受伤人数总计一百多。
融会应用 用injure、hurt、wound的适当形式填空
（1）Mummy!The shoes are too small!My feet _____.
hurt
（2）The war ended, but the _________were a big problem.
wounded
（3）If you go on at that rate, you will ______your health.
injure
（4）That will _____her feelings.
hurt
知识点2 reaction n.反应；回应；抗拒；化学反应 ＊react vi.回应；起反应
（P16）Her students' reaction was quick and correct—they moved under their desks,head first,and held on to the legs of the desks.
她的学生们反应迅速且正确——他们爬到课桌下面,头朝里,并紧紧抓住桌腿。
知识拓展
in reaction to 对……做出反应
react to 对……做出反应;回应
react with 和……起化学反应
react against 反对;反抗
经典佳句
The chemistry teacher shows us how iron reacts with air and water.
化学老师向我们展示铁是如何与空气和水起反应的。
A spokesman said the changes were not in reaction to the company's recent losses.
一位发言人说，这些变动不是针对公司最近的损失而做出的反应。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）We reacted_______the limitations of us.
against
（2）Hearing how others react___the book you have just read creates an added
pleasure.
to
（3）Like all metals,these react_____other elements by giving up electrons to form
positively charged ions（离子）.
with
（4）What was his ________（react） to your remarks
reaction
Ⅱ.单句写作
（5）The government took many measures _____________（为了应对） the change
of the climate.
in reaction to
（6）How did he______________________（对你的建议有什么反应）
react to your suggestion
（7）Children tend to________________________（抗拒父母） by going against their
parents' wishes.
react against their parents
知识点3 signal vi.&vt.发信号；示意；标志 n.信号；暗号；信号灯；标志
（P16） She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands.
她示意学生们用手抱着头,排好队,有序离开教室。
知识拓展
a danger/warning signal 危险/警告信号
traffic signals 交通信号灯
signal （to） sb to do sth 示意某人做某事
signal to sb 向某人示意
图解释义
Chest pain can be a warning signal of heart problems.
胸部疼痛可能是心脏病的先兆。
易混辨析
signal、sign、symbol和mark的区别：
signal 指为某一目的而有意发出的信号，用于传达某些信息
sign 表示“告示；标记”时，侧重指用图形、文字等所表达的内容，另外还
可指“征兆；迹象”
symbol 指象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物或图案
mark 普通用词，含义广泛。既可指为便于辨认而有意做的标记，又可指
自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征，还可以指污点、污渍、
分数、成绩等
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）The guard seems to be signalling ___ us with his arm.
to
（2）The policeman signalled us ________（cross） the road.
to cross
（3）We overlook all sorts of warning _______（signal） about our own health.
signals
Ⅱ.选词填空（signal、sign、symbol、mark）
（4）I couldn't get a ______ on my cell phone.
signal
（5）Sir，you are not allowed to walk your pet on the lawn. Don't you see the
_____ “Keep off the grass”？
sign
（6）The dove is the________ of peace.
symbol
（7）Every coat in the shop has a price______ sewn on it.
mark
知识点4 confirm v.证实；确认；使确信；批准 ＊confirmation n.证实；证明书 ＊confirmed adj.根深蒂固的；成习惯的
（P16）After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound, they relaxed, laughing, crying and hugging each other.
在点名确认所有人都安然无恙后,他们才放松下来,笑着,哭着,拥抱着对方。
知识拓展
confirm to have done sth 确认已完成某事
confirm sb in... 使某人在……方面更加坚定
confirm sb in the belief that... 使某人坚信……
It is/has been confirmed that... 已经确定……
经典佳句
Rumours of job losses were later confirmed.
裁员的传言后来得到了证实。
His guilty expression confirmed my doubt.
他内疚的表情证实了我的猜疑。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）I am __________（confirm） in my opinions by what you told me.
confirmed
（2）I'm still waiting for ____________（confirm） of the test results.
confirmation
Ⅱ.单句写作
（3）（2023·哈尔滨九中月考）_________________________ even if we don't smoke，
our health will be affected just the same if we work or live in an environment where
others smoke.
已经证实，即使我们不吸烟，如果我们在别人吸烟的环境中工作或生活，我们的健康
也同样会受到损害。
It has been confirmed that
知识点5 procedure n.程序；步骤；手续 ＊procedural adj.程序性的；程序上的
（P16）“We practise earthquake safety procedures twice a year,” said Miss Brown, “so the kids were calm enough to protect themselves during the earthquake.”
布朗老师说:“我们每年练习两次地震安全逃生程序,所以孩子们在地震中都足够冷静,能够保护自己。”
知识拓展
follow normal/standard procedure遵循正常的/标准的步骤
procedural rules 程序性规则
经典佳句
I have my doubts that anyone has actually followed the procedures strictly.
我怀疑是否有人真的严格遵守了这些程序。
Carry out the procedures suggested below.
按以下建议程序进行。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）Making a complaint is quite __________________.
申诉的手续相当简单。
a simple procedure
（2）The two sides have spent most of their time arguing over___________________.
双方花了大部分的时间在争论程序性的问题上。
procedural problems
知识点6 relief n.宽慰；轻松；减轻；消除；救济 ＊relieve vt.解除；减轻；缓和；缓解；调剂
（P17）To her great relief, the officer immediately realized the coming danger.
令她大为宽慰的是,这名安全员立即意识到了即将来临的危险。
知识拓展
in/with relief 如释重负;松了口气
to one's relief 令某人感到欣慰的是
It's a relief to do sth. 做某事是令人欣慰的。
What a relief! 可轻松了!
relieve sb of... 帮助某人减轻……负担
图解释义
I smiled with relief after I heard I had passed the examination.
听到我已经通过了考试，我轻松地笑了。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）It was ___relief to see my support team at the end of the road.
a
（2）My assistant relieved me ___all the paperwork.
of
（3）The passengers all sighed _____relief when the plane finally landed safely.
with
知识点7 inform vt.通知；了解；熟悉 ＊informed adj.了解情况的；见多识广的
（P19）Remember to inform yourself of what is going on.
记得告诉自己发生了什么。
知识拓展
inform sb about/of sth=keep sb informed of通知某人某事
inform sb （that） 通知某人……
inform oneself of sth 使自己了解……
经典佳句
I can't wait to inform my parents of the good news.
我迫不及待地通知我父母这个好消息。
We should keep ourselves informed of the latest information.
我们应该了解最新的信息。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）Please inform us________any change of address as soon as possible.
of/about
（2）We perfected a hand-signal system so that he could keep me_________（inform）
of hazards.
informed
Ⅱ.单句写作
（3）We regret to_______________your application has been rejected.
我们很遗憾地通知你,你的申请未被接受。
inform you that
（4）They must use research to____________________the missing parts of the story.
他们应该通过研究了解故事中缺少的部分。
inform themselves of
短语句式
知识点8 at large 大多数；一般
（P16）Only 5 students suffered slight injuries,despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area at large.
尽管目前整个灾区的伤亡数字是7人死亡,200多人受伤,但（在这所学校）只有5名学生受了轻伤。
知识拓展
on the whole基本上;大体上;整体上说
the majority of ……的大多数
generally speaking/in general总的来说
经典佳句
The students at large are hungry for English.
总体来讲,这些学生都渴望学英语。
This article represents the opinion of the public at large.
这篇文章代表了民众的普遍意见。
融会应用 一句多译
总的来说,小学时,女生比男生更高。
（1）_____________, girls are taller than boys in primary school.
On the whole
（2）___________________________, girls are taller than boys in primary school.
Generally speaking/In general
（3）Girls are taller than boys in primary school________.
at large
知识点9 safe and sound 安然无恙的
（P16）After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound, they relaxed, laughing, crying and hugging each other.
在点名确认所有人都安然无恙后,他们才放松下来,笑着,哭着,拥抱着对方。
知识拓展
（as） sound as a bell 状况极佳;十分健康
be of sound mind 心智健全
sound judgement 明智的判断
a sound knowledge/understanding of sth 对某事透彻的了解/理解
经典佳句
At last, the plane righted itself and everyone was safe and sound
最后,飞机终于恢复了平稳, 大家都安然无恙。
Three days later, the travellers arrived home safe and sound
三天之后,游客们安然无恙地回到了家。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）Even at the age of 80, the old man is__________________.
尽管已是八十高龄,老人仍十分健康。
as sound as a bell
（2）The doctor certified that she was______________.
医生诊断表明她心智健全。
of sound mind
（3）He_____________________.
他缺乏准确的判断力。
lacks sound judgement
知识点10 occur to 被想到；浮现在脑中
（P17）It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami.
她立刻意识到这是海啸来临的征兆。
知识拓展
sth occurs to sb 某事浮现在某人的脑海中;某人想到某事
It occurs to sb that...某人突然想起……
It occurs to sb to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事。
经典佳句
A good idea occurred to me all at once.
突然间我想到一个好主意。
It never occurred to me that it would be applied to physics.
我从没想到它可以应用于物理学。
名师点拨
occur不用于进行时态也没有被动形式。类似用法的还有take place、belong to、happen等。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）Years ago,a critical event _________（occur） in my life.
occurred
（2）It never occurred to her_______（ask） for help when she was in trouble.
to ask
Ⅱ.一句多译
他忽然想起他把钥匙忘在办公室里了。
（3）______________________he had left his keys in the office.（occur）
It occurred to him that
（4）______________he had left his keys in the office.（hit）
It hit him that
（5）_________________ he had left his keys in the office.（strike）
It struck him that
知识点11 keep one's head （在困境中）保持冷静
（P17）Sabrina was frightened,but she soon kept her head.
萨布丽娜很害怕,但她很快就保持了镇静。
知识拓展
keep away from 避开;别靠近
keep up with 跟上;赶上
keep an eye on 注视;留心;注意;照顾
keep...in mind 把……记住
keep sb from doing 阻止（不让）某人做某事
keep silent over...对……保持沉默
keep in touch with与……保持联系（强调状态）
经典佳句
You can keep your head for 4-10 hours after exercise.
运动后,你可以在4~10小时内保持头脑清醒。
Nowadays，we can move around the world and still keep in touch with the people that we want to remain friends with.
现在我们能周游世界，却仍可以和我们想与之交朋友的人保持联系。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）Keep away ______the doors while the train is moving.
from
（2）It is difficult to keep up_____the rapid pace of change.
with
（3）Will you please keep an eye____my luggage
on
Ⅱ.单句写作
（4）______________that translators will only see the strings—not the running
application.
记住翻译人员将只能看到字符串——而不是运行的应用程序。
Keep in mind
（5）I hope you will ________________anything rash.
我希望你不要做任何莽撞的事。
keep from doing
（6）Dr Manette had been put in prison so that he would_______________this matter.
曼奈特医生被关进了监狱,以至于他无法把这件事张扬出去。
keep silent over
知识点12 be doing...when...
（P16） Alice Brown，head teacher at Falmont Primary School， was teaching when the floor began to shake.
弗尔蒙特小学的校长艾丽斯·布朗正在上课，突然地板开始摇晃起来。
知识拓展
句中的was teaching when the floor began to shake为“be doing...when...”句式，意思是“正在做……这时……”。句中的when是并列连词，意思是“就在那时”，相当于and then或and at the same time。
when作并列连词时常用于以下句型中：
（1）be doing...when...
正在做……这时……
（2）be about to do...when...=be on the point of doing...when...
正要做……这时……
（3）had hardly done...when...
刚做了……这时……
He was thinking about the question when an apple fell to the ground.
他正在思考这个问题，这时（突然）一个苹果落到了地上。
He was sleeping when someone knocked at the door.
他正在睡觉，这时（突然）有人敲门。
The thief was on the point of putting his hand into the lady's handbag when the bus suddenly stopped.
小偷正要把手伸进那位女士的手提包中,这时公共汽车突然停了。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）He was on the point of leaving______ someone knocked at the gate.
when
（2）I ______________（wander） through the streets when I caught sight of a
tailor's shop.
was wandering
（3）We were about________（start） when it began to rain.
to start
知识点13 in case引导目的状语从句
（P16） At the same time, Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door, in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open.
与此同时, 布朗老师迅速打开了教室的门,防止门在地震中损坏而无法打开。
知识拓展
句中的in case引导目的状语从句，意为“以免;以防”。
类似的引导目的状语的表达还有for fear that“生怕;唯恐”。
The doctor shares his phone number with the patients in case they need medical assistance.
医生给了病人他的手机号码, 以防病人需要医疗援助。
She locked herself in for fear that anyone might come to disturb her.
她把自己锁在里面, 免得有人打扰她。
名师点拨
in case of也可以表示“以免；以防”的意思，但其后接名词或名词短语。
In case of urgency, call the police.
一旦发生紧急情况, 打电话给警察。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）It would be safer to take more money with you __________emergency.
多带些钱保险些，以防急用。
in case of
（2）He worked hard ____________he might be fired by the boss.
他拼命地干活,生怕被老板解雇。
for fear that
知识点14 the moment引导时间状语从句
（P16）The moment the shaking stopped,Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape.
震动一停止,布朗老师就意识到这是全班同学逃跑的最佳时机。
知识拓展
句中的the moment相当于连词，引导时间状语从句，意思是“一……就……”。表示“一……就……”的结构还有：
（1）as soon as+从句
（2）immediately/instantly/directly+从句
（3）the second/instant/minute+从句
（4）hardly+主句（过去完成时）+when+从句（一般过去时）
（5）no sooner+主句（过去完成时）+than+从句（一般过去时）
（6）on/upon+doing/n.
The moment I picked up the receiver, I realized that somebody had dialed the wrong number.
我一拿起听筒就知道是有人打错电话了。
The instant I see him， I will tell him the good news that he has been admitted to the key university.
我一见到他，就会告诉他这个好消息，他已被重点大学录取了。
The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.
这个小男孩一看到妈妈，就立刻哭了起来。
名师点拨
the moment/minute/second/instant用作连词时，其后不能再加when。
融会应用 同义句转换
He came to visit us as soon as he arrived in Beijing.
（1）He had________________arrived in Beijing__________he came to visit us.
no sooner/hardly
than/when
（2）_________________had he arrived in Beijing __________ he came to visit us.
No sooner/Hardly
than/when
（3）He came to visit us__________________________he arrived in Beijing.
instantly/immediately/directly
（4）He came to visit us_______________________________he arrived in Beijing.
the instant/the moment/the minute
（5）________________in Beijing, he came to visit us.
On/Upon arriving
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.The other_______（injure） man had a superficial stomach wound.
injured
2.The decision was__________（disaster） in political terms.
disastrous
3.That could be bad news for economic development___large.
at
4.Someone allergic to milk is likely to react___cheese.
to
5.A truck went out of control and crashed_____the back of a bus.
into
6.Holly waited at a stoplight, impatient for the signal___change.
to
7.Troops were sent in to restore______（orderly）.
order
8.It didn't occur ___him that she would refuse his invitation.
to
9.The doctor drew off some fluid to_______（relief） the pressure.
relieve
Ⅱ.选词填空
at large; safe and sound; warn sb of; to one's relief; hold on to; occur to; a series
of
1.The book is an expansion of ___________lectures given last year.
a series of
2.The chances of getting reforms accepted by the community ________remain
extremely remote.
at large
3.Much ____________, our performance was fully appreciated by the audience.
to our relief
4.___________ your dreams and one day they may come true.
Hold on to
5.It was a miracle that the missing boy arrived home _______________.
safe and sound
6.Would I______them___the sorrow and betrayal that lie in store
warn
of
7.It never ___________me that she might be in trouble.
occurred to
Ⅲ.单句写作
1.The driver________________________________ when the doctors arrived.
司机正在拯救受伤的乘客, 就在那时医生到了。
was rescuing the injured passengers
2.You should learn some basic knowledge of disasters, __________________some day.
你应该了解一些有关灾难的基础知识, 以防某天灾难发生了。
in case one occurs
3._________________________________,you can turn to me for help.
你一用光了钱, 就可以找我帮忙。
The moment you run out of money
4._____________________her reaction to the matter was amazing.
我突然想到她对这件事情的反应令人吃惊。
It occurred to me that
5.He insisted that the document _______________________as soon as possible.
他坚决要求尽快上交该文件。
（should） be handed in
Ⅳ.用所学短语完成短文
Experts suggest that when an earthquake occurs, 1.________（一般来说） people
should take shelter nearby, and after the earthquake, quickly evacuate to a safe place
in case of 2.___________（一系列） aftershocks. Indoors people should stay close to
solid objects that can cover the body, such as places that are prone to form triangular
spaces. However, if you are on the lower floor, you can evacuate in the first place,
trying to protect your own head and avoiding falling rubble, cement boards; in
addition, do not use the elevator, or push other people resulting in stampede casualties.
If you're on a higher floor, 3._______________（保持冷静）, don't jump, run around
at large
a series of
keep your head
or be close to windows. Quickly cover your head, hide under or near your desk, and
try to curl up and lower your center of gravity. 4.___________（抓住;不放开） the
thing such as schoolbag to cover your head, lest be crushed and injured. When the
earthquake subsides, retreat to open ground 5._______________（安然无恙）.
Hold on to
safe and sound
