Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Learning about language
【学习目标】
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要语言点的基本用法。(语言能力)
2.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化所学语言点,并学以致用。(学习能力)
【自主预习】
Step 1 单词认读
1. vt.&vi.组织;实施;指挥;引导;举止→ n.导体;(公共汽车)售票员;列车长;指挥→ adj.传导的;传导性的;导电的
2. adj.有益的;有利的→ n.利益;好处;救济金 vt.&vi.受益;得益;有益于;对……有益
3. n.智慧;才智;明智;学识→ adj.明智的;聪明的;充满智慧的→ adv.明智地;聪明地;精明地
4. n.容器;货柜;集装箱→ vt.包含;容纳
5. adj.有限的→ n.限制;限度;界限 v.限制;限定→ adj.无限制的;无界限的
答案 1.conduct; conductor; conductive
2.beneficial; benefit 3.wisdom; wise; wisely
4.container; contain 5.limited; limit; limitless
构词规律
v.+-ial→adj. v.+-er→n.(工具)
benefit →beneficial 有益的;有利的 finance→financial 财政的;金融的 substance→substantial 大量的 ceremony→ceremonial 仪式的;礼节的 contain→container 集装箱;容器 play→player 播放器 slip→slipper 拖鞋 cook→cooker 炊具;锅;厨灶
Step 2 短语记诵
1. 有利于;有益于
2. 打算
3. 成功;奏效;达到目的
4. 有影响;有关系
5. 为……做出贡献
6. 由于;幸亏;多亏
7.acquire a broad knowledge of
8.find solutions to
9.draw on
10.conduct research
11.large amounts of
12.be likely to do
13.after graduation
答案 1.be beneficial to 2.intend to 3.pay off 4.make a difference 5.make contributions to
6.thanks to 7.广泛了解 8.找到……的解决方法
9.利用;动用 10.进行调研工作 11.大量的
12.可能做某事 13.毕业后
Step 3 佳句赏
1.However, it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited.(it+be+adj.+to do)
翻译 然而,由于研究资源有限,难以生产出足够的青蒿提取物进行大型试验。
仿写 distinguish one twin from the other.
很难从一对双胞胎中分辨出谁是谁。
2.However, it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu, after many failed experiments.(it is/was not until...that...强调句型)
翻译 然而,直到20世纪70年代,经过多次失败的实验,屠呦呦才成功地发现了青蒿素。
仿写 1920 the US Constitution was changed to give all women voting rights.
直到1920年,美国宪法才得以修改,赋予所有女性投票权。
答案 1.It is hard to 2.It was not until; that
【合作探究】
新知探究
解析教材
Chinese scientist wins 2015 Nobel Prize
By Dina Conner
11 December 2015
Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize,awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria,one of the deadliest diseases in human history. Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu,malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival.
Born in 1930,in Ningbo,Zhejiang Province(1),Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955.After graduation,she worked at the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine.She completed further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine,acquiring a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine(2).
中国科学家获得2015年诺贝尔奖
迪娜·康纳
2015年12月11日
屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她在抗击疟疾中做出的贡献,疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。由于她发现了青蒿素,世界各地的疟疾患者的存活率大大提高。
1930年,屠呦呦生于浙江宁波,1951年至1955年,她在北京一所大学学医。毕业后,她在中医研究院工作。她完成了中医深造课程,获得了广泛的中西医知识。
【助读点拨】
(1)此处为动词-ed形式作状语。
(2)此处为动词-ing形式作状语。
Tu’s education was soon to prove very useful.In the 1960s,many people were dying of malaria,and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease(3).She collected over 2,000 traditional Chinese medical recipes for malaria treatment and made hundreds of extracts from different herbs.When they failed to produce any promising results,Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again.Inspired by an over 1,600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water(4),Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part.On 4 October 1971,after 190 failures,she succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice(5).
屠呦呦所受的教育很快被证明是非常有用的。20世纪60年代,许多人死于疟疾。1969年,屠呦呦担任了一个课题组的组长,这个课题组计划找到该疾病的治疗方法。她收集了2000多种治疗疟疾的中药配方,并从不同的草药中获得了数百种提取物。当它们未能产生预期效果时,屠呦呦再次查阅历代中医典籍。据一本1600多年前的古籍记载,古人通过冷水制备青蒿提取物,受此启发,屠呦呦重新设计了实验,为了不破坏其(抗疟的)有效成分,她尝试在低温下提取青蒿。1971年10月4日,在历经190次失败之后,她成功地制备出能治疗老鼠疟疾的青蒿提取物。
【助读点拨】
(3)关系代词that引导定语从句,修饰先行词team。
(4)此处为动词-ed形式作状语。
(5)关系代词that 引导定语从句,修饰先行词extract。
However,it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited.Tu and her team managed to find solutions to the problem.When there was no research equipment,they had to extract herbs using household water containers(6).They worked day and night and their health began to suffer because of the poor conditions,but they never gave up.
然而,由于研究资源有限,难以生产出足够的青蒿提取物进行大型试验。屠呦呦和她的团队设法找到解决这个问题的办法。当时没有研究设备,他们只能用家用的盛水容器提取青蒿。他们夜以继日地工作,由于恶劣的条件,他们的健康开始受到损害,但他们从未放弃。
【助读点拨】
(6)此处为动词-ing形式作方式状语。
Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced (7),however,they still faced another problem.The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data.To speed up the process and ensure its safety,Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first.
然而,即使生产了大量的青蒿提取物,他们仍然面临另一个问题:因为他们没有充足的安全性数据,在病人身上进行试验有可能推迟。为了加快进程并确保安全,屠呦呦和她的团队自愿先在他们自己身上测试青蒿提取物。
【助读点拨】
(7)此处为with的复合结构。
The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off.In November 1972,through trial and error,they successfully discovered qinghaosu—the most effective part of the qinghao extract.As a key part of many malaria medicines, qinghaosu has since benefited about 200 million malaria patients.More than 40 years after its discovery,Tu was eventually awarded a Nobel Prize for her work.In her Nobel Lecture,she encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level.Perhaps the next generation of scientists,drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine(8),will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care.
屠呦呦和其团队的努力终于有了回报。1972年11月,经过反复试验,他们成功地找到了青蒿素——青蒿提取物中最有效的成分。自那以后,作为许多治疗疟疾的药物的重要成分,青蒿素使大约2亿疟疾患者受益。在发现青蒿素40多年后,屠呦呦终于因此获得了诺贝尔奖。在她的诺贝尔演讲中,她鼓励科学家们进一步探索中医这座宝库,并将其提升到更高的水平。也许下一代的科学家借鉴中医的智慧,确实会发现更多有益于全球医疗的药物。
【助读点拨】
(8)此处为动词-ing形式作方式状语。
核 心 单 词
知识点1 contribution n.贡献;捐款;捐献物;稿件 *contribute v. 贡献;捐献;捐助;撰稿 *contributor n.贡献者;投稿者;捐助者
(P44)Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in human history.
屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她在抗击疟疾中做出的贡献,疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。
知识拓展
make contributions/a contribution to对……做出贡献
contribute to 有助于; 促成; 为……做贡献
contribute... to/towards... 向……捐献……; 向……投稿
经典佳句
This is a magazine with contributions from well-known travel writers.
这是一本由著名旅游作家撰稿的杂志。
Some contemporary advertisements mainly aim to make contributions to society.
一些当代广告的主要目的是为社会做贡献。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Everyone is willing to contribute food and clothes the homeless people.
(2)I am sure your suggestion will contribute to (solve) the problem.
(3)Who made a great (contribute) to the civil rights movement in the US
(4)So Ricky ended up being one of the most valuable (contribute) on this project.
Ⅱ.一句多译
作为一名高中生, 我倡议我们应该为社会多做些贡献。
(5)As a senior high school student,I make a proposal that we should .(contribute)
(6)As a senior high school student,I make a proposal that we should .(contribution)
答案 (1)to (2)solving (3)contribution (4)contributors (5)contribute a lot to society
(6)make a great contribution to society
知识点2 survival n.生存;存活;残存物;幸存事物 *survive v.生存;存活 *survivor n.幸存者
(P44)Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival.
由于她发现了青蒿素,世界各地的疟疾患者的存活率大大提高。
知识拓展
survive sth (经历意外、战争、疾病等后)幸存;活下来
经典佳句
If cancers are discovered early,there’s a high chance of survival.
如果癌症早被发现,(患者)存活的概率就高。
Several buildings in the town have survived from medieval times.
镇上有几座建筑物是从中世纪时期留存下来的。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)The lady survived her husband twenty years.
(2)Life became a struggle for (survive).
(3)Luckily, most of the tourists (survive) the terrible landslide(山体滑坡) last morning.
答案 (1)by (2)survival (3)survived
知识点3 intend vi.&vt.想要;计划;打算;意指 *intention n. 意图;目的;企图
(P44)In the 1960s, many people were dying of malaria, and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease.
20世纪60年代,许多人死于疟疾。1969年,屠呦呦担任了一个课题组的组长,这个课题组计划找到该疾病的治疗方法。
知识拓展
intend sb to do sth 打算让某人做某事
intend to do/doing sth打算做某事
intend that... (should) do 打算……
had intended to do sth=intended to have done sth本打算做某事
be intended for为……打算/设计的
with the intention of 有……的打算/目的
经典佳句
Unless I receive a positive reply within the next three weeks, I intend to take further action.
除非我在三周之内得到确定的答复,否则我会采取进一步行动。
Being too anxious to help an event develop often results in the contrary to our intention.
“拔苗助长”往往事与愿违。
名师点拨
intend、 hope、 wish、 mean、 expect、 plan、 want、 attempt等,常用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算,意为“本打算/希望做却未做”。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)I intended to (do) it,but I forgot.
(2)I didn’t intend her (see) the painting until it was finished.
(3)The (intend) by the local authority to build 2, 000 new houses is unrealistic.
Ⅱ.语境填空
(4) making a fortune,more and more people here.But he to settle in this city.
为了发财,越来越多的人打算在这里住下。但他无意在这个城市定居。
答案 (1)have done (2)to see (3)intention
(4)With the intention of; intended to live;had no intention
知识点4 inspire vt.鼓舞;激励;启发思考 *inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的 *inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的;启发灵感的 *inspiration n. 灵感;鼓舞
(P45) Inspired by an over 1, 600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part.
据一本1600年前的古籍记载, 古人通过冷水制备青蒿提取物,受此启发, 屠呦呦重新设计了实验, 为了不破坏其(抗疟的)有效成分, 她尝试在低温下提取青蒿。
知识拓展
inspire sb to do sth 激励某人做某事
inspire sb with sth 用……来激励某人
inspire sth in sb 激起某人某种情感
经典佳句
How do you inspire your students to do their best
你如何激励你的学生们, 使他们发挥出最好水平呢
I can not write without inspiration.
没有灵感我写不出东西。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)The captain’s heroic effort inspired them determination.
(2)His speech was so (inspire)that his students were inspired (study) harder than ever before.
(3)Come on! Let’s give support and (inspire) to each other.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)Our English teacher even if they are different from his own.
我们的英语老师激励我们在课堂上积极地发表自己的看法,即使看法与他的不同。
答案 (1)with (2)inspiring; to study (3)inspiration
(4)inspires us to give our opinions actively
知识点5 limited adj.有限的 *limit v.限制 n.界限 *limitless adj.无限的
(P45)However, it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited.
然而,由于研究资源有限,难以生产出足够的青蒿提取物进行大型试验。
知识拓展
limited resources 有限的资源
be limited to 受限制于
limit...to...把……限制在……
without limit无限(制)地
a limit to...……的限制
经典佳句
A man’s life is limited,but there is no limit to serving the people.I will devote my limited life to the limitless job of serving the people.
人的生命是有限的,但为人民服务是无限的。我将把有限的生命投入到为人民服务的无限的工作当中去。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)He was born in a poor family, and only received a (limit) education in his childhood.
(2)Time is (limit), so you must finish it in 30 minutes.
(3)The speed of the cars is limited no more than ten miles per hour on campus.
(4)Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning. And I’ve found that the possibilities that lie within books are (limit).
答案 (1)limited (2)limited (3)to (4)limitless
知识点6 container n.容器;集装箱;货柜 *contain vt.包含;容纳;控制;克制
(P45)When there was no research equipment,they had to extract herbs using household water containers.
当时没有研究设备,他们只能用家用的盛水容器提取青蒿。
知识拓展
contain oneself克制自己
经典佳句
This container can hold a can of fruit.
这个容器能装一罐水果。
Do not fill the container more than two-thirds full.
加入的量不要超过容器总容量的2/3。
易混辨析
contain和include的区别:
contain ·通常用于表示所包含之物的全部或部分 ·表示某物质含有某种成分或其他物质 ·表示某种容器容纳(=hold)、装有某物
include ·用于指整体包括多少个体或把……算入 ·including+n./pron.或n./pron.+included,作状语
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Be especially careful of information (contain) in advertisements.
(2)He was too excited (contain) himself when the was to be opened.
Ⅱ.用contain、include的适当形式填空
(3)The box a number of letters, those from her admirers and of course his letters as well.
答案 (1)contained (2)to contain;container
(3)contains;including;included
知识点7 postpone vt.延迟;延期
(P45)The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data.
因为他们没有充足的安全性数据,在病人身上进行试验有可能推迟。
知识拓展
postpone sth 推迟某事
postpone doing sth推迟做某事
图解释义
I had to postpone the meeting until later.
我不得不把这个会议向后推迟。
名师点拨
除了postpone以外,表示“推迟,延期”的单词或短语还有delay、put off等;它们后接动词作宾语时,要用动词-ing形式而不用动词不定式。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)He decided (postpone) the expedition until the following day.
(2)Let’s postpone (make) a decision until we have more information.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)It’s extremely rare for the Summer or Winter Olympics or canceled.
夏季或冬季奥运会被推迟或取消的情况极为罕见。
(4)He had intended to return home last week, but he due to the unpleasant weather.
他本来打算上周回家的,但由于天气不好,他推迟了行程。
答案 (1)to postpone (2)making (3)to be postponed (4)postponed the trip
短 语 句 式
知识点8 refer to查阅;参考;提到;谈及
(P45)When they failed to produce any promising results, Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again.
当它们未能产生预期效果时,屠呦呦再次查阅历代中医典籍。
知识拓展
refer to... as... 把……当作……;称……为……
refer... to...把……提交给……(以求获得帮助)
经典佳句
The person referred to at the conference just now was an expert in this field.
刚才在会上提到的那个人是这个领域的专家。
In fact,tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created.
事实上,传统也指一直在发展、仍在被创造的东西。
易混辨析
look up表示“参考;查阅”时,其宾语多为word、information等;
refer to表示“参考;查阅”时,其宾语多为book、dictionary等。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)When I said some people were stupid, I wasn’t (refer) to you.
(2)Don’t refer this matter again, please.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)Although she didn’t mention any names, everyone knew whom she was .
虽然她没有提到任何名字,但每个人都知道她指的是谁。
(4)He gave the speech his notes.
他没有参阅笔记就进行了演讲。
答案 (1)referring (2)to (3)referring to (4)without referring to
知识点9 speed up (使)加速
(P45)To speed up the process and ensure its safety,Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first.
为了加快进程并确保安全,屠呦呦和她的团队自愿先在他们自己身上测试青蒿提取物。
知识拓展
at a speed of... 以……的速度
at low/high/full/top speed以低/高/全/最高速
pick up speed加速
经典佳句
I notice that your breathing has speeded up a bit.
我注意到你的呼吸已经加快了一点。
This system helps speed up access time.
这个系统有助于加快读取数据的时间。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)Once outside the station,the train began to speed .
(2)A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience,especially if you are travelling high speed.
(3)This flight is now heading for Paris at speed of 1,000 kilometres per hour.
(4)Many countries are faced with the problem of how to speed economic development.
答案 (1)up (2)at (3)a (4)up
知识点10 pay off 成功;奏效;达到目的
(P45)The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off.
屠呦呦和其团队的努力终于有了回报。
知识拓展
pay back 偿还;归还;报答;回报;报复
pay for付……的钱;受……的报应
pay up (把应支付的钱)缴清;付清
经典佳句
My hard work paid off and I got the position.
我的努力工作终于得到了回报,我得到了这个职位。
That I can pay back the help people give me makes me very happy.
能够回报人们给我的帮助让我感到很开心。
名师点拨
pay off在表示“付清……”时是及物动词短语,而在表示“得出好结果;取得成功”时是不及物动词短语。
融会应用
Ⅰ.写出下列句中pay off的含义
(1)It would take him the rest of his life to pay off that loan.
(2)Sandra was determined to become a doctor and her persistence paid off.
(3)Did your daring plan pay off
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)All those weeks of studying when you take the exam.
所有那几周的学习都会在考试的时候见成效。
(5)You’ll have your old loan before being allowed a new one.
你必须还清旧债,才能重新贷款。
(6)If you don’t study hard now,you’ll sooner or later.
如果你现在不好好学习,那你早晚会为此而付出代价。
答案 (1)还清 (2)得到回报 (3)取得成功 (4)will pay off
(5)to pay off (6)pay for it
知识点 11 (be) beneficial to 有益于;有利于
(P45)Perhaps the next generation of scientists, drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine, will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care.
也许下一代的科学家借鉴中医的智慧,确实会发现更多有益于全球医疗的药物。
知识拓展
for sb’s benefit为了某人的利益
benefit from/by得益于
经典佳句
I have typed out some lecture notes for the benefit of those people who were absent last week,which I think is beneficial to their learning.The notes will be of benefit to everyone concerned.
我已经为上周缺课的人打印了一些课堂讲义,我认为这对他们的学习是有益的。这些讲义将对所有相关的人都有好处。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)Your advice is very (benefit) to me.
(2)You must study hard the benefit of your own.
(3)This is an agreement which is great benefit to both parties.
(4)Both sides have benefited the talks.
答案 (1)beneficial (2)for (3)of (4)from/by
知识点12 not until引导时间状语从句的强调句
(P47)However, it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu, after many failed experiments.
然而,直到20世纪70年代,经过多次失败的实验,屠呦呦才成功地发现了青蒿素。
知识拓展
句中的it was not until the 1970s that... 为not until引导的时间状语从句的强调句式,其结构为“It was not until...that...”,意思是“直到……才……”。
It is not until you’ve finished your homework that you are allowed to go out.
直到你把作业做完,你才能出去。
融会应用 单句写作
(1)It was I realized my mistake.
直到你给我指出,我才意识到自己的错误。
(2) I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
直到我来到这儿,我才意识到这个地方有名不仅是因为它的美景还因为它的天气。
答案 (1)not until you pointed it out to me that
(2)It was not until I came here that
【随堂检测】
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.The school to be built is intended the disabled children.
2.Marks were noticeably higher for girls than boys.
3.She is awaiting trial corruption charges.
4.The expenses should be limited what you can really afford.
5.To be honest, these figures should not be looked at in (isolate).
6.Hindus (pure) themselves by bathing in the river Ganges.
7.I have attended a lecture English writing, which benefited me quite a lot.
8.Come on, let us go out into the wide world for (explore)!
9. (wise) without morality is like a ring without a gem(宝石).
10.Cycling is highly beneficial health and the environment.
11.If you want to attend the concert conducted by the famous (conduct), you should book a ticket in advance.
12.To give a definition of a word is more difficult than to give an (illustrate) of its use.
答案 1.for 2.for 3.on 4.to 5.isolation
6.purify 7.on 8.exploration 9.Wisdom 10.to
11.conductor 12.illustration
Ⅱ.选词填空
refer to; speed up; pay off; make a difference; thanks to; succeed in; day and night; give up; large amounts of; draw on
1.I’ll have to my savings to afford it.
2. your help,we finished the project on time.
3.Did he or keep on trying
4.Study this example and the explanation below.
5.After a month’s hard work,his effort at last.
6.He getting a place at art school last year.
7.Whatever you choose to do,it will .
8. your pace and try to arrive there on time.
9.Students should not play computer games .
10.The server is designed to store data.
答案 1.draw on 2.Thanks to 3.give up 4.refer to 5.paid off 6.succeeded in 7.make a difference 8.Speed up 9.day and night 10.large amounts of
Ⅲ.翻译句子
1.似乎那家公司很快将解雇更多工人。(It is likely that...)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
2.她的妹妹于2022年6月29日在北京出生。(be born)
_______________________________________________________________________________
3.这是去年给我们作报告的人。(that引导定语从句, 作主语)
_______________________________________________________________________________
4.照顾孤儿是他的责任。(it作形式主语)
_______________________________________________________________________________
5.约翰没有出席会议, 因为他病了。(because引导原因状语从句)
_______________________________________________________________________________
6.他是一位好老师, 这是我们所知道的。(which引导定语从句, 作主语)
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案
1.It is likely that the company will lay off more workers soon.
2.Her sister was born in Beijing on June 29, 2022.
3.This is the man that gave us a report last year.
4.It is his duty to take care of the orphans.
5.John didn’t attend the meeting because he was ill.
6.He is a good teacher, which is known to us.
2(共53张PPT)
UNIT 4 Scientists who changed the world
Section Ⅱ Learning about language
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要语言点的基本用法。（语言能力）
2.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化所学语言点,并学以致用。（学习能力）
1.________vt.&vi.组织;实施;指挥;引导;举止→__________n.导体;（公共汽车）售票员;
列车长;指挥→__________adj.传导的;传导性的;导电的
conduct
conductor
conductive
2.__________adj.有益的;有利的→_______n.利益;好处;救济金 vt.&vi.受益;得益;有益于;
对……有益
beneficial
benefit
3.________n.智慧;才智;明智;学识→_____adj.明智的;聪明的;充满智慧的→_______adv.
明智地;聪明地;精明地
wisdom
wise
wisely
4._________n.容器；货柜；集装箱→________vt.包含;容纳
container
contain
5._______adj.有限的→_____n.限制;限度;界限 v.限制;限定→________adj.无限制的;无
界限的
limited
limit
limitless
构词规律
v.+-ial→adj. v.+-er→n.（工具）
benefit →beneficial 有益的;有利的 finance→financial 财政的;金融的 substance→substantial 大量的 ceremony→ceremonial 仪式的；礼节的 contain→container 集装箱;容器
play→player 播放器
slip→slipper 拖鞋
cook→cooker 炊具；锅；厨灶
1._______________有利于;有益于
be beneficial to
2._________打算
intend to
3.________成功;奏效;达到目的
pay off
4._________________有影响;有关系
make a difference
5.____________________为……做出贡献
make contributions to
6._________由于;幸亏;多亏
thanks to
7.acquire a broad knowledge of __________
广泛了解
8.find solutions to ____________________
找到……的解决方法
9.draw on ____________
利用；动用
10.conduct research ______________
进行调研工作
11.large amounts of ________
大量的
12.be likely to do ____________
可能做某事
13.after graduation ________
毕业后
1.However, it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because
research resources were limited.（it+be+adj.+to do）
翻译 然而,由于研究资源有限,难以生产出足够的青蒿提取物进行大型试验。
仿写 ____________distinguish one twin from the other.
很难从一对双胞胎中分辨出谁是谁。
It is hard to
2.However,. .it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu,
after many failed experiments.（it is/was not until...that...强调句型）
翻译 然而，直到20世纪70年代，经过多次失败的实验，屠呦呦才成功地发现了青蒿素。
仿写 _______________1920_____the US Constitution was changed to give all women
voting rights.
直到1920年,美国宪法才得以修改,赋予所有女性投票权。
It was not until
that
核心单词
知识点1 contribution n.贡献；捐款；捐献物；稿件 ＊contribute v.贡献；捐献；捐助；撰稿 ＊contributor n.贡献者；投稿者；捐助者
（P44）Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People's Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in human history.
屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她在抗击疟疾中做出的贡献,疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。
知识拓展
make contributions/a contribution to对……做出贡献
contribute to 有助于; 促成; 为……做贡献
contribute... to/towards... 向……捐献……; 向……投稿
经典佳句
This is a magazine with contributions from well-known travel writers.
这是一本由著名旅游作家撰稿的杂志。
Some contemporary advertisements mainly aim to make contributions to society.
一些当代广告的主要目的是为社会做贡献。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）Everyone is willing to contribute food and clothes ___ the homeless people.
to
（2）I am sure your suggestion will contribute to ________ （solve） the problem.
solving
（3）Who made a great___________ （contribute） to the civil rights movement in
the US
contribution
（4）So Ricky ended up being one of the most valuable ___________ （contribute）
on this project.
contributors
Ⅱ.一句多译
作为一名高中生， 我倡议我们应该为社会多做些贡献。
（5）As a senior high school student，I make a proposal that we should
________________________.（contribute）
contribute a lot to society
（6）As a senior high school student，I make a proposal that we should
_________________________________.（contribution）
make a great contribution to society
知识点2 survival n.生存；存活；残存物；幸存事物 ＊survive v.生存；存活 ＊survivor n.幸存者
（P44）Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu, malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival.
由于她发现了青蒿素,世界各地的疟疾患者的存活率大大提高。
知识拓展
survive sth （经历意外、战争、疾病等后）幸存；活下来
经典佳句
If cancers are discovered early，there's a high chance of survival
如果癌症早被发现，（患者）存活的概率就高。
Several buildings in the town have survived from medieval times.
镇上有几座建筑物是从中世纪时期留存下来的。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）The lady survived her husband ____ twenty years.
by
（2）Life became a struggle for ________（survive）.
survival
（3）Luckily, most of the tourists _________（survive） the terrible landslide（山体
滑坡） last morning.
survived
知识点3 intend vi.&vt.想要；计划；打算；意指 ＊intention n.意图；目的；企图
（P44）In the 1960s, many people were dying of malaria, and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease.
20世纪60年代,许多人死于疟疾。1969年,屠呦呦担任了一个课题组的组长,这个课题组计划找到该疾病的治疗方法。
知识拓展
intend sb to do sth 打算让某人做某事
intend to do/doing sth 打算做某事
intend that... （should） do 打算……
had intended to do sth=intended to have done sth 本打算做某事
be intended for 为……打算/设计的
with the intention of 有……的打算/目的
经典佳句
Unless I receive a positive reply within the next three weeks, I intend to take further action.
除非我在三周之内得到确定的答复，否则我会采取进一步行动。
Being too anxious to help an event develop often results in the contrary to our intention
“拔苗助长”往往事与愿违。
名师点拨
intend、 hope、 wish、 mean、 expect、 plan、 want、 attempt等，常用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算，意为“本打算/希望做却未做”。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）I intended to __________ （do） it,but I forgot.
have done
（2）I didn't intend her _______ （see） the painting until it was finished.
to see
（3）The _________ （intend） by the local authority to build 2， 000 new houses
is unrealistic.
intention
Ⅱ.语境填空
（4）____________________ making a fortune，more and more
people_______________ here. But he ________________to settle in this city.
为了发财，越来越多的人打算在这里住下。但他无意在这个城市定居。
With the intention of
intended to live
had no intention
知识点4 inspire vt.鼓舞；激励；启发思考 ＊inspired adj.受到鼓舞的 ＊inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的 ＊inspiration n.灵感；鼓舞
（P45） Inspired by an over 1, 600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part.
据一本1600年前的古籍记载, 古人通过冷水制备青蒿提取物,受此启发, 屠呦呦重新设计了实验, 为了不破坏其（抗疟的）有效成分, 她尝试在低温下提取青蒿。
知识拓展
inspire sb to do sth 激励某人做某事
inspire sb with sth 用……来激励某人
inspire sth in sb 激起某人某种情感
经典佳句
How do you inspire your students to do their best
你如何激励你的学生们, 使他们发挥出最好水平呢
I can not write without inspiration.
没有灵感我写不出东西。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）The captain's heroic effort inspired them _____determination.
with
（2）His speech was so _________（inspire）that his students were inspired
_________（study） harder than ever before.
inspiring
to study
（3）Come on! Let's give support and __________（inspire） to each other.
inspiration
Ⅱ.单句写作
（4）Our English teacher _____________________________________ even if they are
different from his own.
我们的英语老师激励我们在课堂上积极地发表自己的看法，即使看法与他的不同。
inspires us to give our opinions actively
知识点5 limited adj.有限的 ＊limit v.限制 n.界限 ＊limitless adj.无限的
（P45）However, it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited.
然而,由于研究资源有限,难以生产出足够的青蒿提取物进行大型试验。
知识拓展
limited resources 有限的资源
be limited to 受限制于
limit...to...把……限制在……
without limit 无限（制）地
a limit to... ……的限制
经典佳句
A man's life is limited,but there is no limit to serving the people. I will devote my limited life to the limitless job of serving the people.
人的生命是有限的,但为人民服务是无限的。我将把有限的生命投入到为人民服务的无限的工作当中去。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）He was born in a poor family, and only received a_______（limit） education
in his childhood.
limited
（2）Time is _______（limit）, so you must finish it in 30 minutes.
limited
（3）The speed of the cars is limited ___no more than ten miles per hour on
campus.
to
（4）Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning. And I've found that the
possibilities that lie within books are________（limit）.
limitless
知识点6 container n.容器；集装箱；货柜 ＊contain vt.包含；容纳；控制；克制
（P45）When there was no research equipment,they had to extract herbs using household water containers.
当时没有研究设备,他们只能用家用的盛水容器提取青蒿。
知识拓展
contain oneself 克制自己
经典佳句
This container can hold a can of fruit.
这个容器能装一罐水果。
Do not fill the container more than two-thirds full.
加入的量不要超过容器总容量的2/3。
易混辨析
contain和include的区别：
contain ·通常用于表示所包含之物的全部或部分
·表示某物质含有某种成分或其他物质
·表示某种容器容纳（=hold）、装有某物
include ·用于指整体包括多少个体或把……算入
·including+n./pron.或n./pron.+included，作状语
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）Be especially careful of information_________（contain） in advertisements.
contained
（2）He was too excited __________（contain） himself when the _________was to
be opened.
to contain
container
Ⅱ.用contain、include的适当形式填空
（3）The box________a number of letters,_________those from her admirers and of
course his letters _________ as well.
contains
including
included
知识点7 postpone vt.延迟；延期
（P45）The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data.
因为他们没有充足的安全性数据,在病人身上进行试验有可能推迟。
知识拓展
postpone sth 推迟某事
postpone doing sth 推迟做某事
图解释义
I had to postpone the meeting until later.
我不得不把这个会议向后推迟。
名师点拨
除了postpone以外，表示“推迟，延期”的单词或短语还有delay、put off等；它们后接动词作宾语时，要用动词-ing形式而不用动词不定式。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）He decided ___________（postpone） the expedition until the following day.
to postpone
（2）Let's postpone ________（make） a decision until we have more information.
making
Ⅱ.单句写作
（3）It's extremely rare for the Summer or Winter Olympics _______________ or
canceled.
夏季或冬季奥运会被推迟或取消的情况极为罕见。
to be postponed
（4）He had intended to return home last week, but he _________________ due to
the unpleasant weather.
他本来打算上周回家的，但由于天气不好，他推迟了行程。
postponed the trip
短语句式
知识点8 refer to 查阅；参考；提到；谈及
（P45）When they failed to produce any promising results, Tu referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again.
当它们未能产生预期效果时,屠呦呦再次查阅历代中医典籍。
知识拓展
refer to... as... 把……当作……;称……为……
refer... to... 把……提交给……（以求获得帮助）
经典佳句
The person referred to at the conference just now was an expert in this field.
刚才在会上提到的那个人是这个领域的专家。
In fact，tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created.
事实上，传统也指一直在发展、仍在被创造的东西。
易混辨析
look up表示“参考;查阅”时,其宾语多为word、information等;
refer to表示“参考;查阅”时,其宾语多为book、dictionary等。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）When I said some people were stupid, I wasn't _________（refer） to you.
referring
（2）Don't refer___this matter again, please.
to
Ⅱ.单句写作
（3）Although she didn't mention any names, everyone knew whom she
was___________.
虽然她没有提到任何名字，但每个人都知道她指的是谁。
referring to
（4）He gave the speech __________________his notes.
他没有参阅笔记就进行了演讲。
without referring to
知识点9 speed up （使）加速
（P45）To speed up the process and ensure its safety,Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first.
为了加快进程并确保安全,屠呦呦和她的团队自愿先在他们自己身上测试青蒿提取物。
知识拓展
at a speed of... 以……的速度
at low/high/full/top speed 以低/高/全/最高速
pick up speed 加速
经典佳句
I notice that your breathing has speeded up a bit.
我注意到你的呼吸已经加快了一点。
This system helps speed up access time.
这个系统有助于加快读取数据的时间。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）Once outside the station,the train began to speed____.
up
（2）A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience,especially if you are
travelling ___high speed.
at
（3）This flight is now heading for Paris at ___speed of 1,000 kilometres per hour.
a
（4）Many countries are faced with the problem of how to speed ____ economic
development.
up
知识点10 pay off 成功；奏效；达到目的
（P45）The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off.
屠呦呦和其团队的努力终于有了回报。
知识拓展
pay back 偿还;归还;报答;回报;报复
pay for 付……的钱;受……的报应
pay up （把应支付的钱）缴清;付清
经典佳句
My hard work paid off and I got the position.
我的努力工作终于得到了回报，我得到了这个职位。
That I can pay back the help people give me makes me very happy.
能够回报人们给我的帮助让我感到很开心。
名师点拨
pay off在表示“付清……”时是及物动词短语，而在表示“得出好结果；取得成功”时是不及物动词短语。
融会应用
Ⅰ.写出下列句中pay off的含义
（1）It would take him the rest of his life to pay off that loan.______
还清
（2）Sandra was determined to become a doctor and her persistence paid
off.__________
得到回报
（3）Did your daring plan pay off __________
取得成功
Ⅱ.单句写作
（4）All those weeks of studying ____________when you take the exam.
所有那几周的学习都会在考试的时候见成效。
will pay off
（5）You'll have __________your old loan before being allowed a new one.
你必须还清旧债,才能重新贷款。
to pay off
（6）If you don't study hard now,you'll __________sooner or later.
如果你现在不好好学习,那你早晚会为此而付出代价。
pay for it
知识点 11 （be） beneficial to 有益于；有利于
（P45）Perhaps the next generation of scientists, drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine, will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care.
也许下一代的科学家借鉴中医的智慧,确实会发现更多有益于全球医疗的药物。
知识拓展
for sb's benefit 为了某人的利益
benefit from/by 得益于
经典佳句
I have typed out some lecture notes for the benefit of those people who were absent last week,which I think is beneficial to their learning. The notes will be of benefit to everyone concerned.
我已经为上周缺课的人打印了一些课堂讲义,我认为这对他们的学习是有益的。这些讲义将对所有相关的人都有好处。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）Your advice is very __________（benefit） to me.
beneficial
（2）You must study hard ____ the benefit of your own.
for
（3）This is an agreement which is___great benefit to both parties.
of
（4）Both sides have benefited ________ the talks.
from/by
知识点12 not until引导时间状语从句的强调句
（P47）However, it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu, after many failed experiments.
然而,直到20世纪70年代,经过多次失败的实验,屠呦呦才成功地发现了青蒿素。
知识拓展
句中的it was not until the 1970s that... 为not until引导的时间状语从句的强调句式，其结构为“It was not until...that...”,意思是“直到……才……”。
It is not until you've finished your homework that you are allowed to go out.
直到你把作业做完,你才能出去。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）It was ____________________________________ I realized my mistake.
直到你给我指出,我才意识到自己的错误。
not until you pointed it out to me that
（2）_______________________________I realized this place was famous for not
only its beauty but also its weather.
直到我来到这儿,我才意识到这个地方有名不仅是因为它的美景还因为它的天气。
It was not until I came here that
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.The school to be built is intended ____ the disabled children.
for
2.Marks were noticeably higher for girls than____boys.
for
3.She is awaiting trial____ corruption charges.
on
4.The expenses should be limited ___ what you can really afford.
to
5.To be honest, these figures should not be looked at in _________ （isolate）.
isolation
6.Hindus _______ （pure） themselves by bathing in the river Ganges.
purify
7.I have attended a lecture ____ English writing, which benefited me quite a lot.
on
8.Come on, let us go out into the wide world for___________ （explore）!
exploration
9.________ （wise） without morality is like a ring without a gem（宝石）.
Wisdom
10.Cycling is highly beneficial ___ health and the environment.
to
11.If you want to attend the concert conducted by the famous __________
（conduct）, you should book a ticket in advance.
conductor
12.To give a definition of a word is more difficult than to give an __________
（illustrate） of its use.
illustration
Ⅱ.选词填空
refer to； speed up； pay off； make a difference； thanks to； succeed in； day
and night； give up； large amounts of； draw on
1.I'll have to _________ my savings to afford it.
draw on
2.__________ your help，we finished the project on time.
Thanks to
3.Did he ________or keep on trying
give up
4.Study this example and ________the explanation below.
refer to
5.After a month's hard work，his effort ________at last.
paid off
6.He ____________ getting a place at art school last year.
succeeded in
7.Whatever you choose to do，it will _________________.
make a difference
8.__________your pace and try to arrive there on time.
Speed up
9.Students should not play computer games ______________.
day and night
10.The server is designed to store ________________ data.
large amounts of
Ⅲ.翻译句子
1.似乎那家公司很快将解雇更多工人。（It is likely that...）
_______________________________________________________
It is likely that the company will lay off more workers soon.
2.她的妹妹于2022年6月29日在北京出生。（be born）
_____________________________________________
Her sister was born in Beijing on June 29, 2022.
3.这是去年给我们作报告的人。（that引导定语从句, 作主语）
___________________________________________
This is the man that gave us a report last year.
4.照顾孤儿是他的责任。（it作形式主语）
______________________________________
It is his duty to take care of the orphans.
5.约翰没有出席会议, 因为他病了。（because引导原因状语从句）
_____________________________________________
John didn't attend the meeting because he was ill.
6.他是一位好老师, 这是我们所知道的。（which引导定语从句, 作主语）
_________________________________________
He is a good teacher, which is known to us.
