Unit 4 Section Ⅴ Extended reading & Project & Assessment
【学习目标】
1.通过分析课文结构,了解文本大意,培养略读和查读等阅读能力。(语言能力, 学习能力)
2.通过分析课文细节,培养分析长难句的能力。(学习能力)
3.通过对教材的理解,了解重要语言点的基本用法。(语言能力)
【自主预习】
Step 1 单词认读
1. adj.原子的;原子能的
2. n.炸弹;核武器 vt.轰炸
3. n.罪恶;罪行;害处;坏处 adj.恶毒的;有害的;恶魔的
4. vt.牵涉;影响;包含;(使)参加
5. adj.科学的;关于科学的;细致严谨的
6. n.赞扬;认可;信用 vt.存入金额;把……归于
7. adj.道德的;道义上的;品行端正的 n.品行;道德;寓意
8. vt.&vi.应用;申请;涂;有关
9. adj.脑力的;有才智的;智力发达的 n.知识分子;脑力劳动者
10. n.神秘;神秘的人(或事物);悬疑作品
11. n.无知
12. n.权威;权力;官方
13. n.自由
14. vt.& vi.允许;准许;许可;使有可能 n.许可证
15. n.责任;负责;职责;义务
16. vt.表明;宣称;公布;宣布;申报
17. n.国籍;民族
18. n.进化;演变;发展
19. vt.出版;发行;发表;公布
20. n.结婚;婚姻;已婚状态
答案 1.atomic 2.bomb 3.evil 4.involve
5.scientific 6.credit 7.moral 8.apply
9.intellectual 10.mystery 11.ignorance
12.authority 13.freedom 14.permit
15.responsibility 16.declare 17.nationality
18.evolution 19.publish 20.marriage
Step 2 短语记诵
1. 提出;提议;建议
2. 移交给;翻阅;把……翻过来
3. 使某人能够做某事
4. 使某人失望
5.as to
6.take it for granted
7.work on
8.put...at risk
答案 1.put forward 2.turn over 3.enable sb to do sth 4.let sb down 5.至于;关于 6.想当然地认为;认为……是理所当然的 7.影响;对……起作用;继续工作;从事于…… 8.使……处于危险境地
Step 3 佳句赏
1.The first way in which science is of value is familiar to everyone:scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things.(be of+抽象名词)
翻译 科学体现出价值的第一种方式是大家都熟悉的:科学知识使我们能够做各种各样的事,制造不同种类的东西。
仿写 Coal to the development of industry.
煤炭对工业发展是相当重要的。
2.Now, we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know.(it作形式宾语)
翻译 现在,我们科学家理所当然地认为,人类生而有所不知是完全有可能的。
仿写 We that we see the world as it actually is, but in fact, we do not.
我们理所当然地认为我们看到的世界就是它的真实面目,但事实上并非如此。
答案 1.is of great importance 2.take it for granted
【合作探究】
语篇研读
Step 1 文本整体理解,关注布局谋篇
Skim the passage on Pages 53-54 and match the main idea with each part.
( )1.Part 1(Para.1)
( )2.Part 2(Paras.2-6)
( )3.Part 3(Para.7)
A.To question, to doubt, to be unsure to make science progress.
B.Introduce the topic.
C.The value of science.
答案 1~3 BCA
Step 2 细读课文,明确教材细节
Read the passage on Pages 53-54 carefully and choose the best answer.
1.How did the author introduce the topic
A.By asking a question.
B.By making a comparison.
C.By giving an example.
D.By quoting a famous saying.
2.Which value of science is not mentioned in the passage
A.Scientific knowledge enables us to invent something.
B.Science can provide people with intellectual enjoyment.
C.Science enables people to do good things and bad things.
D.Science allows people to question, to doubt and to not be sure.
3.What made the author change his attitude to science’s value
A.His experience during the war.
B.His research on science.
C.His knowledge about science.
D.His common sense.
答案 1~3 ACA
新知探究
核 心 单 词
知识点1 involve vt.牵涉;影响;包含;(使)参加 *involvement n.参与;介入;投入
(P53)I had to ask myself,“Is there some evil involved in science ”
我不得不问自己:“科学里是不是有罪恶 ”
知识拓展
involve sb in sth/in doing sth使某人参加或加入做某事
be/get involved in被卷入……之中;参与……;专注于……
be/get involved with sb与某人关系密切
经典佳句
Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involves spending quite a lot of time with students.
米歇尔找到了一份高中教师的工作,这份工作需要花费相当多的时间和学生在一起。
Try to involve as many children as possible in the game.
让尽可能多的孩子参与到游戏中来。
名师点拨
involved 作前置定语时,意为“复杂的”;作后置定语时,意为“涉及的”。
例如:an involved sentence“一个复杂的句子”;the people involved“相关人员”。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Students will have the opportunity to broaden their view by getting themselves (involve) in different environments.
(2)It is those who (involve) in the matter that should answer for it, so don’t be worried.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)All investments will .
一切投资都有风险。
(4)She working out a puzzle.
她聚精会神地解一个谜语。
(5) must be present at the meeting.
相关人员必须出席会议。
答案 (1)involved (2)are involved (3)involve risks (4)was involved in (5)The people involved
知识点2 apply vt.& vi.应用;申请;涂;有关 *applied adj. 应用的;实用的 *application n.应用;适用;申请 *applicant n.申请人;应征者
(P53)Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or bad—but it does not carry instructions on how to apply it.
科学知识是一种既能用来做好事,也能做坏事的力量,但是该如何运用,它未自带说明书。
知识拓展
apply to sb for sth 向某人申请某事
apply...to...把……运用于……
经典佳句
The applicant applied himself to applying for a post for teaching applied chemistry,saying that he would apply what he had learnt to his teaching.
这位申请人专心于申请一份教应用化学的工作,并且说他会把他所学到的(知识)运用到他的教学中去。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)She applied the international school a job as an English teacher.
(2)Over the years,he has applied himself to (improve) the living conditions of the migrant workers.
(3)He (apply) his brake quickly immediately he saw a dog lying on the road.
(4)However,technology is also the (apply) of scientific knowledge to solve a problem,touching lives in countless ways.
Ⅱ.用apply的相关短语完成小短文
In order to further my study abroad, I have (5) (向四所大学申请……) postgraduate study.As the saying goes,“Where there is a will, there is a way.” I hope it can (6) (适用于) me.If I succeed, I will (7) (专心于) study, hoping to make contributions to my future career.
答案 (1)to; for (2)improving (3)applied
(4)application (5)applied to four universities for (6)apply to (7)apply myself to
知识点3 ignorance n.无知 *ignore vt.忽视;对……不予理会 *ignorant adj.无知的;愚昧的
(P54)The scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance and doubt and uncertainty,and this experience is of very great importance.
科学家经常会经历无知、疑惑和不确定,而这种经历是十分重要的。
知识拓展
be in ignorance of sth 不知某事;对某事不了解
be ignorant of/about sth对某事不了解
be ignorant that...不知道……
经典佳句
I am beginning to feel embarrassed by my complete ignorance of world history.
我开始为自己对世界历史的一无所知感到尴尬。
At that time, I was ignorant of events going on elsewhere.
那时我并不了解其他地方发生的事情。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)Sometimes children do dangerous things out of (ignore).
(2)We are ignorant your plan.
(3)The singer held his head and walked past, (ignore) his fans.
(4)She (ignore) him and carried on with her work.
答案 (1)ignorance (2)of/about (3)ignoring (4)ignored
知识点4 permit vt.& vi.允许;准许;许可;使有可能 n.许可证 *permission n.允许;许可
(P54)Permit us to question—to doubt—to not be sure.
请允许我们质疑——怀疑——不确定。
知识拓展
permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事
permit (doing) sth允许(做)某事
ask sb for permission=ask permission from sb请求某人许可
with/without (one’s) permission 得到/未经(某人的)允许
经典佳句
No one is permitted to go into the building at present.
现在不允许任何人进入这座大楼。
We can’t take photos here without permission.
未经许可,我们不能在此拍照。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)The rules of the club don’t permit (smoke).
(2)We asked him for (permit) to use the car.
(3)Smoking is not (permit) in the cinema.
(4)You are not allowed to camp here without (permit).
答案 (1)smoking (2)permission (3)permitted (4)permission
知识点5 responsibility n.责任;负责;职责;义务 *responsible adj.负责的;可靠的;有责任的
(P54)It is our responsibility as scientists, knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought, to declare the value of this freedom...
作为科学家,我们明白巨大进步源于思想自由,因此,我们有责任阐明这种自由的价值……
知识拓展
take responsibility for 对……负责
take on responsibility担负起责任
sense of responsibility 责任感;责任心
be responsible to sb 对某人负责
be responsible for sth 对……负责; 为……负责
经典佳句
Lawcourt demands parents should take responsibility for their children’s destruction of relics.
法庭要求父母对孩子恶意破坏文物的行为负责。
Smoking is responsible for many causes of lung cancer.
吸烟是许多人患肺癌的原因。
融会应用 单句写作
(1)She feels a strong towards her employees.
她对她的员工有一种强烈的责任感。
(2)Mike designing the entire project.
迈克负责设计全部工程。
(3)I think we have a moral help these countries.
我认为我们在道义上有责任帮助这些国家。
答案 (1)sense of responsibility (2)is responsible for (3)responsibility to
知识点6 declare vt.表明;宣称;公布;宣布;申报 *declaration n.宣布;公告;宣言 *declarative adj.公告的;陈述的
(P54)It is our responsibility as scientists, knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought, to declare the value of this freedom...
作为科学家,我们明白巨大进步源于思想自由,因此,我们有责任阐明这种自由的价值……
知识拓展
declare oneself 显露身份;发表意见
declare for 表明赞成(拥护)
declare on 宣布
经典佳句
The moment the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games was declared open,the whole world cheered.
2022年北京冬季奥运会一宣布开幕,全世界都沸腾了。
As part of the declaration, the government asked the citizens to work from home.
作为公告的一部分,政府要求市民居家办公。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)The use of certain chemicals has been (declare) illegally.
(2)Russian workers have staged a number of strikes in protest at the republic’s (declare) of independence.
(3) (declare) memory is your memory for facts, like the Spanish word for dog.
答案 (1)declared (2)declaration (3)Declarative
短 语 句 式
知识点7 let sb down使某人失望
(P54)Never concerned that the answer may let us down, with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries.
我们从不担心答案可能会令我们失望,总是快乐而自信地开始每一次新探索,发现一些意想不到、稀奇古怪的东西,随之而来的是更加奇妙的问题和奥秘。
知识拓展
let in 允许进入
let alone更别提;更不用说;不管
let off放过;宽恕;开枪
let out放走;释放;发出
经典佳句
I expected him to help me, but he let me down.
我期待着他来帮我,但他让我失望了。
I know everyone says that, but I am really a very
reliable person and I won’t let you down.
我知道每个人都这么说,但我真的是一个非常可靠的人,我不会让你失望的。
融会应用 单句写作
(1)There isn’t enough room for us, .
连我们都没有足够的空间,更不用说客人了。
(2)The team by losing the game.
球队输了比赛,让他们的教练很失望。
(3)The material lets sunlight in but doesn’t .
这种材料透光但不散热。
答案 (1)let alone any guests (2)let their coach down (3)let heat out
知识点8 take it for granted 想当然地认为;认为……是理所当然的
(P54)Now,we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know.
现在,我们科学家理所当然地认为,人类生而有所不知是完全有可能的。
知识拓展
take...seriously 认真对待……
take one’s time不用急;慢慢来
take pride in以……自豪
take charge of负责;掌管
take advantage of利用
名师点拨
take...for granted 后接that从句作宾语时, 常用it作形式宾语, 构成take it for granted that...结构。
经典佳句
He seemed to take it for granted that he should speak as a representative.
他似乎理所当然地认为他应当作为代表发言。
I just took it for granted that he’d always be around.
我还想当然地以为他总能随叫随到。
融会应用 单句写作
(1)He began to only when he did some research in farming.
他是在农业方面做了一些研究后才开始认真对待科学的。
(2)We everyone should have the chance to be educated.
我们理所当然地认为每个人都有受教育的机会。
(3)I’m going to to explore the history of the castle.
我将利用这次旅行探索城堡的历史。
(4)We offering you the highest standards.
我们以为您提供最高标准的服务而自豪。
答案 (1)take science seriously (2)take it for granted that (3)take advantage of this tour (4)take pride in
知识点9 be of+抽象名词
(P53)The first way in which science is of value is familiar to everyone: scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things.
科学体现出价值的第一种方式是大家都熟悉的:科学知识使我们能够做各种各样的事,制造不同种类的东西。
知识拓展
“be of+抽象名词”表示人或物的特征。
They were both of middle height.
他们两个人都是中等身材。
The work is of much value.
这份工作有很大价值。
“of+抽象名词”除了可以作表语,还可以作定语,表示人或物的特征。
She is a woman of even temper.
她是一个性情平和的人。
融会应用 单句写作
(1)Each hour, each minute and each second are for us.
每小时、每分钟、每一秒对我们来说都很宝贵。
(2)His speech is .
他的讲话毫不重要。
(3)He is a man .
他是一个聪明人。
答案 (1)of great value (2)of little significance (3)of wisdom
知识点10 it作形式宾语
(P54)Now, we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know.
现在,我们科学家理所当然地认为,人类生而有所不知是完全有可能的。
知识拓展
句中的第一个it作形式宾语,把作为真正宾语的that从句放在句尾,这种结构中的that不可省略。动词find、 feel、 think、 consider、 make、 believe、 guess、 suppose、 assume等后有宾语补足语时,需要用it作形式宾语,而将that引导的宾语从句后置。
I think it important that people should learn a foreign language.
我认为人们应该学习一门外语,这是重要的。
融会应用 单句写作
(1)I he failed to call me up.
他没给我打电话,我认为这是很奇怪的。
(2)We they could know how to operate a computer.
我们认为他们不可能懂得怎么操作电脑。
(3)I couldn’t . I’d only seen him the previous day.
听到这消息时,我不敢相信;我就在前一天还见过他。
答案 (1)thought it strange that (2)consider it impossible that (3)believe it when I heard the news
【随堂检测】
Ⅰ.品句填空
1.Hundreds of b were dropped on the city.
2.We need to be more s about this problem.
3.Governments have at least a m obligation to answer these questions.
4.He was an i , scholarly man.
5.It’s a complete m to me why they chose him.
6.People don’t like to ask questions for fear of appearing i .
7.She doesn’t like anyone challenging her a .
8.Having small children tends to restrict your f .
9.Their m has broken up.
答案 1.bombs 2.scientific 3.moral 4.intellectual
5.mystery 6.ignorant 7.authority 8.freedom
9.marriage
Ⅱ.选词填空
put forward; work on; take it for granted; enable sb to; turn over; let sb down; be involved in; as to
1.We improving logical thinking in the brain.
2.I gave him full directions to find the house.
3.You are welcome to your views.
4.I that parents should do everything for us, which is wrong.
5.Linda realized she was wrong and promised to a new leaf.
6.Even those who the research still have questions.
7.If you are in any doubt whether you should be doing these exercises, consult your doctor.
8.There is nothing worse than by others because they have not kept their promises.
答案 1.work on 2.enable him to 3.put forward
4.take it for granted 5.turn over 6.are involved in
7.as to 8.being let down
Ⅲ.按照要求完成句子
1.Don’t have the students . They need to participate in some sports activities appropriately. (动词-ing形式作宾语补足语)
不要让学生们整天学习。他们需要适当参加一些体育活动。
2.On the wall .(介词短语位于句首的倒装句)
墙上挂着一幅美丽的画。
3. , Sally was very happy. (动词-ed形式作状语)
由于被老师鼓励, 莎莉非常高兴。
4.Li Hua arrived home, .(形容词作状语)
李华回到家里, 又饿又累。
5.The films to learners of English.(be of+抽象名词)
这些电影对英语学习者有很大帮助。
答案 1.studying all day 2.hangs a beautiful painting 3.Encouraged by the teacher 4.hungry and tired 5.are of great help
【课外拓展】
视野拓展
1.We are more creative, more involved with others, and more active when we’re surrounded by trees.
当我们被树木包围时,我们会更有创造力,会更多地与他人互动,也会更加积极。
2.If I am lucky enough to be elected, I will make every effort to serve for the benefits of students and our club.
如果我有幸当选,我将尽最大努力为同学们和俱乐部的利益服务。
3.A detailed study of the effects of climate change on the mountain regions of Europe has pointed out that many alpine meadows could disappear within the next few decades. Researchers from 13 European countries said that some plants were likely to have the problem of survival as warmer conditions forced them even higher to seek familiar colder habitats.
一项关于气候变化对欧洲山区影响的详细研究指出, 许多高山草甸可能在未来几十年内消失。来自13个欧洲国家的研究人员表示, 一些植物可能会面临生存问题, 因为更温暖的环境迫使它们要在更高的地方寻找熟悉的更冷的栖息地。
4.Throughout the city, constant and enduring water-saving efforts have also started to pay off.
全城市这种持续的节水努力也开始有了回报。
英美文化
美篇导读
在哈里·吉尔伯特(Harry Gilbert)的科幻小说《星际动物园》中,蜂鸟是一个生活在公元22 500年的16岁姑娘。 为了逃避和一个名叫水牛的陌生男子结婚,她逃离了她的行星。在这途中,她发现了令自己非常吃惊的事物,究竟是什么呢
美篇呈现
The Star Zoo(Excerpt)
I couldn’t believe what I’d done.I’d run away—me!
I’m not very brave and I love my parents very much.I never thought I could ever disobey① them.
I was afraid.And I felt sad for my parents.Poor mother and father!
But I had to live my own life.I couldn’t get married to a horrible old man like Buffalo!
I knew they would follow me quickly so I told the spaceship to take me to a very quiet part of the Galaxy,a long way from any planets with people on.
The spaceship went.
How can a spaceship travel across the Galaxy in no time② at all
Well,I learnt the answer to that in school.There are a lot of little black holes in space.They are about as big as a potato.A spaceship goes into one black hole and comes out of another black hole on the other side of the Galaxy.
Don’t ask me how a big thing like a spaceship can go into a thing as small as a potato.I was probably asleep when the robot teacher told me the answer to that!
Nobody could find me now.I was in the middle of the Galaxy in empty space.
There were stars above my head,stars below my feet,stars on my left hand,stars on my right hand.
Strange,I knew all these stars were a long,long way away but they didn’t look far away.They looked very close;I wanted to reach out my hand and touch them.
And the silence.So very,very,very quiet.
The Book of Remembering says how I felt:“Their hearts were empty.”
My heart was empty.I saw millions of stars but there was no life in the Galaxy except us humans.Well,there are potatoes and wheat and rice but you can’t talk to vegetables.
We are alone.
The Book of Remembering says we did it.We polluted Earth and so killed all the animals.We ran away from Earth and we’re still running.That was twenty thousand years ago and we still can’t forget.
The Book of Remembering gives names for thousands of animals.Fantastic③!Could there really be thousands of animals The idea of animals is so strange.What did they look like The Book of Remembering has no pictures,but says there are birds that fly,and fish that swim.There are animals with no legs,and animals with lots of legs—ugh!What a horrible idea!
Can anybody believe stories like that
And now I was running away too.
Suddenly the spaceship went “PING!”
“Yes.What is it ” I asked.
“There is something near us.”
“Oh!” I said.“I thought we were a long way from anything out here.Take me closer.”
We moved closer,but I couldn’t see anything.
Then one star disappeared,then another star,and another.It was too dark to see what the thing was.It was just a big black shape between me and the stars.
It was probably just a big old rock,which had broken off④ a moon or a planet.
Well,perhaps it contained gold or something.Then I could show the Star Council I was doing important work.Perhaps that would be a good reason not to marry Buffalo.
I said,“Find out what it is made of.”
The spaceship shot a laser⑤ at the thing and said,“It is not natural.It may be a spaceship,although it is moving too slowly to arrive at a star.It is made of plastic.”
A spaceship made of plastic You can’t make spaceships out of plastic!And spaceships don’t travel slowly.
I was a little afraid,but this was something really important;nobody could make me get married after I had discovered something as strange as this.
《星际动物园》(节选)
我的所作所为真是难以置信。我跑掉了——天啊!
我的胆子不是很大,我也非常爱我的父母。我从没想过我会不听他们的话。
我感到害怕。我为我的父母感到难过。可怜的妈妈和爸爸!
但我要过自己的生活。我不能嫁给水牛那样的糟老头子!
我清楚他们会很快追上我的,所以我吩咐飞船把我带到银河系的一个特别宁静的角落,远离任何一个有人类居住的星球。
飞船出发了。
飞船怎么能在瞬间横穿银河系呢
喔,我是在学校里知道这答案的。宇宙空间里有好多小黑洞。它们跟土豆差不多大小。飞船从一个黑洞进去,从另一个黑洞出来时就到了银河系的另一侧。
别问我为什么飞船这样的庞然大物能钻进土豆这样小的东西里。机器人老师给我讲这个答案时我可能睡着了!
现在没人能找到我了。我在茫茫太空中,在银河系的中间。
我的头上是星星,脚下是星星,左边是星星,右边是星星。
奇怪,我知道所有这些星星都很遥远很遥远,但看上去并不远。它们似乎非常近,我想伸出手去触摸它们。
还有寂静。静极了,静极了。
《往事追忆》道出了我的感受:“他们的心里空荡荡的。”
我的心里空荡荡的。我能看见好几百万颗星星,除了我们人类,银河系里就再也没有别的生命了。当然,有土豆、小麦和水稻,可你不能跟植物说话啊。
我们孤零零的。
《往事追忆》上说那是我们造成的。我们污染了地球,也就害死了所有的动物。我们从地球逃了出来,直到现在还在东奔西跑。那是两万年以前的事了,可我们至今难忘。
《往事追忆》上罗列了几千种动物的名字。难以置信!真的可能有几千种动物吗 有关动物的想法太离奇了。它们长什么样 《往事追忆》上没有插图,但说有会飞的鸟,会游泳的鱼。有的动物没有腿,而有的动物有好多条腿——呜!多可怕的想法!
真有人会相信这种故事吗
如今我也在逃跑。
突然飞船“砰”地响了一声。
“哎,怎么了 ”我问道。
“我们旁边有个东西。”
我说:“啊!我以为我们离哪儿都很远呢。让我靠近点儿。”
我们靠近了些,可我什么也看不见。
接着,一颗星星不见了,又有一颗不见了,又是一颗。天太黑,看不见那是什么东西。只能看见我和星星之间黑乎乎的一大块。
它可能只是一块从卫星或行星上脱落的巨大的古岩石。
哎,那上面可能有金子什么的。那样我就可以让星际理事会看到我是在做重要的工作。也许这可以作为我不嫁给水牛的正当理由。
我说:“看看那是什么材料制成的。”
飞船对着那个东西发出一束激光,然后说:“它不是天然的。它可能是个飞船,尽管它的运动速度太慢,无法抵达星球。它是塑料做的。”
一个塑料做的飞船 不可能用塑料做飞船!因为飞船的运行速度不能太低。
我有点害怕,可这是一件真正重要的事;我发现了这么一个稀奇的东西,不会有人再逼我结婚了。
知识积累
①disobey v.不服从;违背
②in no time 立即;马上
③fantastic adj.幻想的;难以置信的
④break off 折断;突然停止;暂停
⑤laser n.激光(器)
素养链接
基于越来越多的现实环境问题,哈里·吉尔伯特用他的想象力和创造力创作出发人深省的故事。正如《星际动物园》这部科幻小说所描述的那样,世界是由人和很多其他生灵组成的。如果我们不想失去这个完美的地球,我们就必须保护环境。
2(共66张PPT)
UNIT 4 Scientists who changed the world
Section Ⅴ Extended reading & Project & Assessment
1.通过分析课文结构，了解文本大意，培养略读和查读等阅读能力。（语言能力, 学习能力）
2.通过分析课文细节，培养分析长难句的能力。（学习能力）
3.通过对教材的理解,了解重要语言点的基本用法。（语言能力）
1._______adj.原子的;原子能的
atomic
2.______n.炸弹;核武器 vt.轰炸
bomb
3._____n.罪恶;罪行;害处;坏处 adj.恶毒的;有害的;恶魔的
evil
4.________vt.牵涉;影响;包含;（使）参加
involve
5._________adj.科学的;关于科学的;细致严谨的
scientific
6.______n.赞扬;认可;信用 vt.存入金额;把……归于
credit
7.______adj.道德的;道义上的;品行端正的 n.品行;道德;寓意
moral
8.______vt.&vi.应用;申请;涂;有关
apply
9.___________adj.脑力的;有才智的;智力发达的 n.知识分子;脑力劳动者
intellectual
10.________n.神秘;神秘的人（或事物）;悬疑作品
mystery
11.__________n.无知
ignorance
12._________n.权威;权力;官方
authority
13.________n.自由
freedom
14._______vt.& vi.允许;准许;许可;使有可能 n.许可证
permit
15._____________n.责任;负责;职责;义务
responsibility
16._______vt.表明;宣称;公布;宣布;申报
declare
17.__________n.国籍;民族
nationality
18._________n.进化;演变;发展
evolution
19.________vt.出版;发行;发表;公布
publish
20._________n.结婚;婚姻;已婚状态
marriage
1.____________提出;提议;建议
put forward
2._________移交给;翻阅;把……翻过来
turn over
3.___________________使某人能够做某事
enable sb to do sth
4.____________使某人失望
let sb down
5.as to__________
至于;关于
6.take it for granted__________________________________
想当然地认为;认为……是理所当然的
7.work on_____________________________________
影响;对……起作用;继续工作;从事于……
8.put...at risk____________________
使……处于危险境地
1.The first way in which science is of value is familiar to everyone:scientific
knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things.（be of+抽象名词）
翻译 科学体现出价值的第一种方式是大家都熟悉的：科学知识使我们能够做各种各样
的事，制造不同种类的东西。
仿写 Coal_____________________to the development of industry.
煤炭对工业发展是相当重要的。
is of great importance
2.Now, we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not
know.（it作形式宾语）
翻译 现在，我们科学家理所当然地认为，人类生而有所不知是完全有可能的。
仿写 We _________________that we see the world as it actually is, but in fact, we
do not.
我们理所当然地认为我们看到的世界就是它的真实面目,但事实上并非如此。
take it for granted
Step 1 文本整体理解，关注布局谋篇
Skim the passage on Pages 53-54 and match the main idea with each part.
A.To question, to doubt, to be unsure to make science progress.
B.Introduce the topic.
C.The value of science.
1.Part 1（Para.1）( )
B
2.Part 2（Paras.2-6）( )
C
3.Part 3（Para.7） ( )
A
Step 2 细读课文，明确教材细节
Read the passage on Pages 53-54 carefully and choose the best answer.
1.How did the author introduce the topic ( )
A
A.By asking a question. B.By making a comparison.
C.By giving an example. D.By quoting a famous saying.
2.Which value of science is not mentioned in the passage ( )
C
A.Scientific knowledge enables us to invent something.
B.Science can provide people with intellectual enjoyment.
C.Science enables people to do good things and bad things.
D.Science allows people to question, to doubt and to not be sure.
3.What made the author change his attitude to science's value ( )
A
A.His experience during the war. B.His research on science.
C.His knowledge about science. D.His common sense.
核心单词
知识点1 involve vt.牵涉；影响；包含；（使）参加 ＊involvement n.参与；介入；投入
（P53）I had to ask myself,“Is there some evilinvolved in science ”
我不得不问自己:“科学里是不是有罪恶 ”
知识拓展
involve sb in sth/in doing sth使某人参加或加入做某事
be/get involved in 被卷入……之中;参与……;专注于……
be/get involved with sb与某人关系密切
经典佳句
Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involves spending quite a lot of time with students.
米歇尔找到了一份高中教师的工作，这份工作需要花费相当多的时间和学生在一起。
Try to involve as many children as possible in the game.
让尽可能多的孩子参与到游戏中来。
名师点拨
involved 作前置定语时，意为“复杂的”；作后置定语时，意为“涉及的”。
例如：an involved sentence“一个复杂的句子”；the people involved“相关人员”。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）Students will have the opportunity to broaden their view by getting
themselves_________（involve） in different environments.
involved
（2）It is those who ____________（involve） in the matter that should answer for
it, so don't be worried.
are involved
Ⅱ.单句写作
（3）All investments will ____________.
一切投资都有风险。
involve risks
（4）She_______________working out a puzzle.
她聚精会神地解一个谜语。
was involved in
（5）___________________must be present at the meeting.
相关人员必须出席会议。
The people involved
知识点2 apply vt.&vi.应用；申请；涂；有关 ＊applied adj.应用的；实用的 ＊application n.应用；适用；申请 ＊applicant n.申请人；应征者
（P53）Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or bad—but it does not carry instructions on how to apply it.
科学知识是一种既能用来做好事,也能做坏事的力量,但是该如何运用，它未自带说明书。
知识拓展
apply to sb for sth 向某人申请某事
apply...to... 把……运用于……
经典佳句
The applicant applied himself to applying for a post for teaching applied chemistry,saying that he would apply what he had learnt to his teaching.
这位申请人专心于申请一份教应用化学的工作,并且说他会把他所学到的（知识）运用到他的教学中去。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）She applied ___the international school____a job as an English teacher.
to
for
（2）Over the years,he has applied himself to __________（improve） the living
conditions of the migrant workers.
improving
（3）He ________（apply） his brake quickly immediately he saw a dog lying on
the road.
applied
（4）However,technology is also the ___________（apply） of scientific knowledge
to solve a problem,touching lives in countless ways.
application
Ⅱ.用apply的相关短语完成小短文
In order to further my study abroad, I have （5）___________________________
_（向四所大学申请……） postgraduate study. As the saying goes,“Where there is a
will, there is a way.” I hope it can （6）_________（适用于） me. If I succeed, I
will （7）_______________（专心于） study, hoping to make contributions to my
future career.
applied to four universities for
apply to
apply myself to
知识点3 ignorance n.无知 ＊ignore vt.忽视；对……不予理会 ＊ignorant adj.无知的；愚昧的
（P54）The scientist has a lot of experience withignorance and doubt and uncertainty,and this experience is of very great importance.
科学家经常会经历无知、疑惑和不确定,而这种经历是十分重要的。
知识拓展
be in ignorance of sth 不知某事;对某事不了解
be ignorant of/about sth 对某事不了解
be ignorant that... 不知道……
经典佳句
I am beginning to feel embarrassed by my complete ignorance of world history.
我开始为自己对世界历史的一无所知感到尴尬。
At that time， I was ignorant of events going on elsewhere. 那时我并不了解其他地方发生的事情。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）Sometimes children do dangerous things out of__________（ignore）.
ignorance
（2）We are ignorant ________ your plan.
of/about
（3）The singer held his head and walked past,________（ignore） his fans.
ignoring
（4）She ________（ignore） him and carried on with her work.
ignored
知识点4 permit vt.&vi.允许；准许；许可；使有可能 n.许可证 ＊permission n.允许；许可
（P54）Permit us to question—to doubt—to not be sure.
请允许我们质疑——怀疑——不确定。
知识拓展
permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事
permit （doing） sth 允许（做）某事
ask sb for permission=ask permission from sb请求某人许可
with/without （one's） permission 得到/未经（某人的）允许
经典佳句
No one is permitted to go into the building at present.
现在不允许任何人进入这座大楼。
We can't take photos here without permission
未经许可，我们不能在此拍照。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）The rules of the club don't permit _________（smoke）.
smoking
（2）We asked him for__________（permit） to use the car.
permission
（3）Smoking is not_________（permit） in the cinema.
permitted
（4）You are not allowed to camp here without __________（permit）.
permission
知识点5 responsibility n.责任；负责；职责；义务 ＊responsible adj.负责的；可靠的；有责任的
（P54）It is our responsibility as scientists, knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought, to declare the value of this freedom...
作为科学家,我们明白巨大进步源于思想自由,因此,我们有责任阐明这种自由的价值……
知识拓展
take responsibility for 对……负责
take on responsibility担负起责任
sense of responsibility 责任感；责任心
be responsible to sb 对某人负责
be responsible for sth 对……负责; 为……负责
经典佳句
Lawcourt demands parents should take responsibility for their children's destruction of relics.
法庭要求父母对孩子恶意破坏文物的行为负责。
Smoking is responsible for many causes of lung cancer.
吸烟是许多人患肺癌的原因。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）She feels a strong_____________________towards her employees.
她对她的员工有一种强烈的责任感。
sense of responsibility
（2）Mike________________designing the entire project.
迈克负责设计全部工程。
is responsible for
（3）I think we have a moral _______________help these countries.
我认为我们在道义上有责任帮助这些国家。
responsibility to
知识点6 declare vt.表明；宣称；公布；宣布；申报 ＊declaration n.宣布；公告；宣言 ＊declarative adj.公告的；陈述的
（P54）It is our responsibility as scientists, knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought, to declare the value of this freedom...
作为科学家,我们明白巨大进步源于思想自由,因此,我们有责任阐明这种自由的价值……
知识拓展
declare oneself 显露身份;发表意见
declare for 表明赞成（拥护）
declare on 宣布
经典佳句
The moment the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games was declared open，the whole world cheered.
2022年北京冬季奥运会一宣布开幕，全世界都沸腾了。
As part of the declaration, the government asked the citizens to work from home.
作为公告的一部分，政府要求市民居家办公。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）The use of certain chemicals has been ________（declare） illegally.
declared
（2）Russian workers have staged a number of strikes in protest at the republic's
___________（declare） of independence.
declaration
（3）___________（declare） memory is your memory for facts, like the Spanish
word for dog.
Declarative
短语句式
知识点7 let sb down使某人失望
（P54）Never concerned that the answer may let us down, with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries.
我们从不担心答案可能会令我们失望,总是快乐而自信地开始每一次新探索,发现一些意想不到、稀奇古怪的东西,随之而来的是更加奇妙的问题和奥秘。
知识拓展
let in 允许进入
let alone 更别提;更不用说;不管
let off 放过;宽恕;开枪
let out 放走;释放;发出
经典佳句
I expected him to help me, but he let me down
我期待着他来帮我,但他让我失望了。
I know everyone says that, but I am really a veryreliable person and I won't let you down
我知道每个人都这么说,但我真的是一个非常可靠的人,我不会让你失望的。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）There isn't enough room for us, ___________________.
连我们都没有足够的空间,更不用说客人了。
let alone any guests
（2）The team___________________by losing the game.
球队输了比赛，让他们的教练很失望。
let their coach down
（3）The material lets sunlight in but doesn't ____________.
这种材料透光但不散热。
let heat out
知识点8 take it for granted 想当然地认为；认为……是理所当然的
（P54）Now,we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know.
现在,我们科学家理所当然地认为,人类生而有所不知是完全有可能的。
知识拓展
take...seriously 认真对待……
take one's time 不用急;慢慢来
take pride in 以……自豪
take charge of 负责;掌管
take advantage of 利用
名师点拨
take...for granted 后接that从句作宾语时, 常用it作形式宾语, 构成take it for granted that...结构。
经典佳句
He seemed to take it for granted that he should speak as a representative.
他似乎理所当然地认为他应当作为代表发言。
I just took it for granted that he'd always be around.
我还想当然地以为他总能随叫随到。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）He began to____________________ only when he did some research in farming.
他是在农业方面做了一些研究后才开始认真对待科学的。
take science seriously
（2）We_____________________everyone should have the chance to be educated.
我们理所当然地认为每个人都有受教育的机会。
take it for granted that
（3）I'm going to _________________________to explore the history of the castle.
我将利用这次旅行探索城堡的历史。
take advantage of this tour
（4）We_____________offering you the highest standards.
我们以为您提供最高标准的服务而自豪。
take pride in
知识点9 be of+抽象名词
（P53）The first way in which scienceis of value is familiar to everyone: scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things.
科学体现出价值的第一种方式是大家都熟悉的:科学知识使我们能够做各种各样的事，制造不同种类的东西。
知识拓展
“be of+抽象名词”表示人或物的特征。
They were both of middle height.
他们两个人都是中等身材。
The work is of much value.
这份工作有很大价值。
“of+抽象名词”除了可以作表语,还可以作定语,表示人或物的特征。
She is a woman of even temper.
她是一个性情平和的人。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）Each hour, each minute and each second are ______________for us.
每小时、每分钟、每一秒对我们来说都很宝贵。
of great value
（2）His speech is___________________.
他的讲话毫不重要。
of little significance
（3）He is a man___________.
他是一个聪明人。
of wisdom
知识点10 it作形式宾语
（P54）Now, we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know.
现在,我们科学家理所当然地认为,人类生而有所不知是完全有可能的。
知识拓展
句中的第一个it作形式宾语,把作为真正宾语的that从句放在句尾,这种结构中的that不可省略。动词find、 feel、 think、 consider、 make、 believe、 guess、 suppose、 assume等后有宾语补足语时,需要用it作形式宾语,而将that引导的宾语从句后置。
I think it important that people should learn a foreign language.
我认为人们应该学习一门外语,这是重要的。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）I_____________________he failed to call me up.
他没给我打电话,我认为这是很奇怪的。
thought it strange that
（2）We________________________they could know how to operate a computer.
我们认为他们不可能懂得怎么操作电脑。
consider it impossible that
（3）I couldn't_______________________________. I'd only seen him the previous
day.
听到这消息时，我不敢相信；我就在前一天还见过他。
believe it when I heard the news
Ⅰ.品句填空
1.Hundreds of b______were dropped on the city.
ombs
2.We need to be more s________about this problem.
cientific
3.Governments have at least a m_____obligation to answer these questions.
oral
4.He was an i__________, scholarly man.
ntellectual
5.It's a complete m_______to me why they chose him.
ystery
6.People don't like to ask questions for fear of appearing i________.
gnorant
7.She doesn't like anyone challenging her a________.
uthority
8.Having small children tends to restrict your f________.
reedom
9.Their m_______has broken up.
arriage
Ⅱ.选词填空
put forward; work on; take it for granted; enable sb to; turn over； let sb down; be
involved in; as to
1.We _________improving logical thinking in the brain.
work on
2.I gave him full directions to______________find the house.
enable him to
3.You are welcome to____________your views.
put forward
4.I_________________that parents should do everything for us, which is wrong.
take it for granted
5.Linda realized she was wrong and promised to_________a new leaf.
turn over
6.Even those who_______________ the research still have questions.
are involved in
7.If you are in any doubt ______whether you should be doing these exercises, consult
your doctor.
as to
8.There is nothing worse than_______________by others because they have not kept
their promises.
being let down
Ⅲ.按照要求完成句子
1.Don't have the students_______________. They need to participate in some sports
activities appropriately. （动词-ing形式作宾语补足语）
不要让学生们整天学习。他们需要适当参加一些体育活动。
studying all day
2.On the wall ________________________.（介词短语位于句首的倒装句）
墙上挂着一幅美丽的画。
hangs a beautiful painting
3.________________________, Sally was very happy. （动词-ed形式作状语）
由于被老师鼓励, 莎莉非常高兴。
Encouraged by the teacher
4.Li Hua arrived home,________________.（形容词作状语）
李华回到家里, 又饿又累。
hungry and tired
5.The films ________________to learners of English.（be of+抽象名词）
这些电影对英语学习者有很大帮助。
are of great help
1.We are more creative, more involved with others, and more active when we're surrounded by trees.
当我们被树木包围时，我们会更有创造力，会更多地与他人互动，也会更加积极。
2.If I am lucky enough to be elected, I will make every effort to serve for the benefits of students and our club.
如果我有幸当选，我将尽最大努力为同学们和俱乐部的利益服务。
3.A detailed study of the effects of climate change on the mountain regions of Europe has pointed out that many alpine meadows could disappear within the next few decades. Researchers from 13 European countries said that some plants were likely to have the problem of survival as warmer conditions forced them even higher to seek familiar colder habitats.
一项关于气候变化对欧洲山区影响的详细研究指出, 许多高山草甸可能在未来几十年内消失。来自13个欧洲国家的研究人员表示, 一些植物可能会面临生存问题, 因为更温暖的环境迫使它们要在更高的地方寻找熟悉的更冷的栖息地。
4.Throughout the city, constant and enduring water-saving efforts have also started to pay off.
全城市这种持续的节水努力也开始有了回报。
美篇导读
在哈里·吉尔伯特（Harry Gilbert）的科幻小说《星际动物园》中，蜂鸟是一个生活在公元22 500年的16岁姑娘。 为了逃避和一个名叫水牛的陌生男子结婚，她逃离了她的行星。在这途中，她发现了令自己非常吃惊的事物，究竟是什么呢？
美篇呈现
The Star Zoo（Excerpt）
I couldn't believe what I'd done. I'd run away—me！
I'm not very brave and I love my parents very much. I never thought I could ever disobey① them.
I was afraid. And I felt sad for my parents. Poor mother and father！
But I had to live my own life. I couldn't get married to a horrible old man like Buffalo！
I knew they would follow me quickly so I told the spaceship to take me to a very quiet part of the Galaxy，a long way from any planets with people on.
The spaceship went.
How can a spaceship travel across the Galaxy in no time② at all？
Well，I learnt the answer to that in school. There are a lot of little black holes in space. They are about as big as a potato. A spaceship goes into one black hole and comes out of another black hole on the other side of the Galaxy.
Don't ask me how a big thing like a spaceship can go into a thing as small as a potato. I was probably asleep when the robot teacher told me the answer to that！
Nobody could find me now. I was in the middle of the Galaxy in empty space.
There were stars above my head，stars below my feet，stars on my left hand，stars on my right hand.
Strange，I knew all these stars were a long，long way away but they didn't look far away. They looked very close；I wanted to reach out my hand and touch them.
And the silence. So very，very，very quiet.
The Book of Remembering says how I felt:“Their hearts were empty.”
My heart was empty. I saw millions of stars but there was no life in the Galaxy except us humans. Well，there are potatoes and wheat and rice but you can't talk to vegetables.
We are alone.
The Book of Remembering says we did it. We polluted Earth and so killed all the animals. We ran away from Earth and we're still running. That was twenty thousand years ago and we still can't forget.
The Book of Remembering gives names for thousands of animals. Fantastic③！Could there really be thousands of animals？The idea of animals is so strange. What did they look like？The Book of Remembering has no pictures，but says there are birds that fly，and fish that swim. There are animals with no legs，and animals with lots of legs—ugh！What a horrible idea！
Can anybody believe stories like that？
And now I was running away too.
Suddenly the spaceship went “PING！”
“Yes. What is it？” I asked.
“There is something near us.”
“Oh！” I said.“I thought we were a long way from anything out here. Take me closer.”
We moved closer，but I couldn't see anything.
Then one star disappeared，then another star，and another. It was too dark to see what the thing was. It was just a big black shape between me and the stars.
It was probably just a big old rock，which had broken off④ a moon or a planet.
Well，perhaps it contained gold or something. Then I could show the Star Council I was doing important work. Perhaps that would be a good reason not to marry Buffalo.
I said，“Find out what it is made of.”
The spaceship shot a laser⑤ at the thing and said，“It is not natural. It may be a spaceship，although it is moving too slowly to arrive at a star. It is made of plastic.”
A spaceship made of plastic？You can't make spaceships out of plastic！And spaceships don't travel slowly.
I was a little afraid，but this was something really important；nobody could make me get married after I had discovered something as strange as this.
《星际动物园》（节选）
我的所作所为真是难以置信。我跑掉了——天啊！
我的胆子不是很大，我也非常爱我的父母。我从没想过我会不听他们的话。
我感到害怕。我为我的父母感到难过。可怜的妈妈和爸爸！
但我要过自己的生活。我不能嫁给水牛那样的糟老头子！
我清楚他们会很快追上我的，所以我吩咐飞船把我带到银河系的一个特别宁静的角落，远离任何一个有人类居住的星球。
飞船出发了。
飞船怎么能在瞬间横穿银河系呢？
喔，我是在学校里知道这答案的。宇宙空间里有好多小黑洞。它们跟土豆差不多大小。飞船从一个黑洞进去，从另一个黑洞出来时就到了银河系的另一侧。
别问我为什么飞船这样的庞然大物能钻进土豆这样小的东西里。机器人老师给我讲这个答案时我可能睡着了！
现在没人能找到我了。我在茫茫太空中，在银河系的中间。
我的头上是星星，脚下是星星，左边是星星，右边是星星。
奇怪，我知道所有这些星星都很遥远很遥远，但看上去并不远。它们似乎非常近，我想伸出手去触摸它们。
还有寂静。静极了，静极了。
《往事追忆》道出了我的感受:“他们的心里空荡荡的。”
我的心里空荡荡的。我能看见好几百万颗星星，除了我们人类，银河系里就再也没有别的生命了。当然，有土豆、小麦和水稻，可你不能跟植物说话啊。
我们孤零零的。
《往事追忆》上说那是我们造成的。我们污染了地球，也就害死了所有的动物。我们从地球逃了出来，直到现在还在东奔西跑。那是两万年以前的事了，可我们至今难忘。
《往事追忆》上罗列了几千种动物的名字。难以置信！真的可能有几千种动物吗？有关动物的想法太离奇了。它们长什么样？《往事追忆》上没有插图，但说有会飞的鸟，会游泳的鱼。有的动物没有腿，而有的动物有好多条腿——呜！多可怕的想法！
真有人会相信这种故事吗？
如今我也在逃跑。
突然飞船“砰”地响了一声。
“哎，怎么了？”我问道。
“我们旁边有个东西。”
我说:“啊！我以为我们离哪儿都很远呢。让我靠近点儿。”
我们靠近了些，可我什么也看不见。
接着，一颗星星不见了，又有一颗不见了，又是一颗。天太黑，看不见那是什么东西。只能看见我和星星之间黑乎乎的一大块。
它可能只是一块从卫星或行星上脱落的巨大的古岩石。
哎，那上面可能有金子什么的。那样我就可以让星际理事会看到我是在做重要的工作。也许这可以作为我不嫁给水牛的正当理由。
我说:“看看那是什么材料制成的。”
飞船对着那个东西发出一束激光，然后说：“它不是天然的。它可能是个飞船，尽管它的运动速度太慢，无法抵达星球。它是塑料做的。”
一个塑料做的飞船？不可能用塑料做飞船！因为飞船的运行速度不能太低。
我有点害怕，可这是一件真正重要的事；我发现了这么一个稀奇的东西，不会有人再逼我结婚了。
知识积累
①disobey v.不服从；违背
②in no time 立即；马上
③fantastic adj.幻想的；难以置信的
④break off 折断；突然停止；暂停
⑤laser n.激光（器）
素养链接
基于越来越多的现实环境问题，哈里·吉尔伯特用他的想象力和创造力创作出发人深省的故事。正如《星际动物园》这部科幻小说所描述的那样，世界是由人和很多其他生灵组成的。如果我们不想失去这个完美的地球，我们就必须保护环境。
