(共17张PPT)
动词的时态
语法基础复习
一、一般现在时
1．一般现在时的构成：
一般现在时主要用动词的原形表示，如果主语是第三人称单数，一般在动词原形后面加s或es。
2．一般现在时的用法。
(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。经常与often，usually，everyday，always，sometimes，twice a week，on Sunday等表时间的单词或短语连用。如：
Most of the students in our class usually go to school by bike.
我们班里大部分学生通常骑自行车去上学。
I practice playing football everyday.
我每天练习踢足球。
(2)表示普遍真理或客观事实。如：
The sun rises in the east.
太阳从东方升起。
(3)在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。如：
If it doesn't rain tomorrow，we will go for a picnic.
如果明天不下雨，我们将去野餐。
二、一般过去时
1．一般过去时的构成：
一般过去时用动词的过去式表示，部分动词的过去式不规则。
2．一般过去时的用法。
(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。经常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last Sunday，in 2010，just now，the other day，three days ago等。如：
I met him in the street yesterday.
我昨天在街上见到了他。
(2)表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。如：
He often went to work by bus last year.
去年他经常乘公共汽车去上班。
三、现在进行时
1．现在进行时的构成：be＋动词的现在分词。
2．现在进行时的用法。
(1)表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。如：
—What is he doing？ —他正在干什么？
—He is watching TV. —他正在看电视。
(2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。如：
They are working on a farm these days.
这些天他们一直在农场干活。
(3)go，come，leave，arrive等表示位置移动的词通常用现在进行时表示将来。如：
He is leaving for Japan tomorrow.
他明天要前往日本。
(4)现在进行时常用的时间状语有now，all the time，these days，this year，at the moment等。
四、过去进行时
1．过去进行时的构成：
was/were＋动词的现在分词。
2．过去进行时的用法。
(1)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。如：
—What were you doing at this time yesterday
—昨天这个时候你在干什么？
—I was doing my homework.
—我正在做我的家庭作业。
We were reading when the teacher came in.
当老师进来时我们正在读书。
(2)过去进行时常用的时间状语有at that time，at nine yesterday，those days，when/while引导的时间状语从句等。
五、一般将来时
1．一般将来时的构成：
助动词will/shall＋动词原形；be going to ＋动词原形。
2．一般将来时的用法。
(1)表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。其构成是will＋动词原形。当主语是第一人称I/we时，助动词也可用shall。如：
He will be back in two days.
他将在两天后回来。
Lucy will go to visit her uncle tomorrow.
明天露西将要去看望她的叔叔。
We shall go to see you next Sunday.
下个星期天我们将去看你。
(2)表示计划、打算、决定要做的事或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。一般情况下用be going to＋动词原形结构。如：
—What are you going to do this Sunday
—这个星期天你打算干什么？
—I'm going to practice English.
—我打算练习英语。
Look at the clouds，it is going to rain.
看那些乌云，天要下雨了。
(3)一般将来时常用的时间状语有tomorrow，next week，next year，in two days，in the future，from now on，soon等表示将来的时间状语。
六、现在完成时
1．现在完成时的构成：
助动词have/has＋动词的过去分词。
2．现在完成时的用法。
(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。如：
—Have you had your lunch yet
—你吃过午饭了吗？
—Yes，I have.I've just had it.
—是的，我刚吃过。(现在不饿了)
(2)表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，可能还要持续下去，常与for或since连用。表示持续的动作或状态多为延续性动词。如：
He has lived here since 1999.
自从1999年以来，他就住在这儿。
I have learned English for ten years.
我学习英语有10年了。
注意：非延续性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。必须把非延续性动词改为相应的表示延续性的动词或短语，这时可与表示一段时间的状语连用。常见的非延续性动词通常做如下变换：come→be in，leave→be away，buy→have，borrow→keep，die→be dead，begin→be on，close→be closed，open→be open，join→be in/be a member of，go/come there→be there，get married→be married，catch a cold→have a cold，return→be back，fall ill→be ill，become→be，has gone to→has been in等。如：
误：I have bought this computer for two years.
正：I have had this computer for two years.
我买这台电脑有两年了。
(3)与现在完成时连用的时间状语有already，yet，just，ever，never，before，so far，in/during the past few years，for＋一段时间，since＋过去的时间点，since＋一般过去时的从句等。
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The boys in Class 3 ______________(have)a math class at nine o'clock yesterday morning.
2．On my way home，I ______(see)an old man lying on the ground last night.
3．Grace ______(win)this game every time we play.
4．I ____________________(learn)50 French words already since I only started taking French classes last week.
5．I don't know if Sam ____________(come)tomorrow.If he comes，I will tell you.
6．—Mom，where is Dad
—He ______________(water)flowers in the garden now.
were having
saw
wins
have learned/learnt
will come
is watering
语法过关小练习
7．If there ____(be)no buying and selling of animals，there will be no killing in nature.
8．—When will you hand in your book report
—Sorry，I'm not sure.I _________________ (not finish)writing it yet.
9．—A nice tie！A present
—Yes，it is.My aunt _______ (send)it to me for my birthday.
10．—Is Miss Green in the office
—No，she ___________(go)to the library.
11．—You're in a hurry.Where are you going
—To the cinema.Sue ____________ (wait)for me outside.
is
haven't finished
sent
has gone
is waiting
12．There _______________________(be)a basketball match between Class One and Class Three this afternoon.
13．—I didn't see you at the beginning of the party last night.
—I _______________ (work)on my biology report at that time.
14．—It seems that you are happy.Why
—I met an old friend of mine while I _______________ (walk)on the street.
15．Little Tom ______________(play)computer games when his mother got home.
is going to be/will be
was working
was walking
was playing
二、用所给词的适当形式填空，完成短文
It was Sunday and we 1.______________ (sit)at the table when Father suddenly 2._________(smile)and 3._______ (say)to us，“Oh，my dear，I forgot to tell you the good news.There is a letter from Grandma.She said she 4.______________ (come)to see us this afternoon.I 5.____________ (meet)her at the station.” With these words，he went out.
How happy we 6._______(be)！We 7.______________ (not see)Grandma for half a year and 8._________(miss)her very much.After lunch my mother and I 9.________(go)shopping.We 10.__________(buy)a lot of food that Grandma liked.My sister 11.__________(clean)the house.It 12._______ (be)four o'clock when
were sitting
smiled
said
would come
will meet
were
hadn't seen
missed
went
bought
cleaned
was
forGrandma.At last the door 15.__________(open)and my father came in alone. “Where 16.____ (be)Grandma？” we 17.________(ask)．Father 18.__________ (laugh) and 19.______ (say)，“April Fools！Today 20._____(be)April 1st，April Fool's Day.”
opened
is
asked
laughed
said
is中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
语法基础知识------动词的时态
知识讲解
一、一般现在时
1．一般现在时的构成：
一般现在时主要用动词的原形表示，如果主语是第三人称单数，一般在动词原形后面加s或es。
2．一般现在时的用法。
(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。经常与often，usually，everyday，always，sometimes，twice a week，on Sunday等表时间的单词或短语连用。如：
Most of the students in our class usually go to school by bike.
我们班里大部分学生通常骑自行车去上学。
I practice playing football everyday.
我每天练习踢足球。
(2)表示普遍真理或客观事实。如：
The sun rises in the east.
太阳从东方升起。
(3)在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。如：
If it doesn't rain tomorrow，we will go for a picnic.
如果明天不下雨，我们将去野餐。
二、一般过去时
1．一般过去时的构成：
一般过去时用动词的过去式表示，部分动词的过去式不规则。
2．一般过去时的用法。
(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。经常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last Sunday，in 2010，just now，the other day，three days ago等。如：
I met him in the street yesterday.
我昨天在街上见到了他。
(2)表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。如：
He often went to work by bus last year.
去年他经常乘公共汽车去上班。
三、现在进行时
1．现在进行时的构成：be＋动词的现在分词。
2．现在进行时的用法。
(1)表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。如：
—What is he doing？ —他正在干什么？
—He is watching TV. —他正在看电视。
(2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。如：
They are working on a farm these days.
这些天他们一直在农场干活。
(3)go，come，leave，arrive等表示位置移动的词通常用现在进行时表示将来。如：
He is leaving for Japan tomorrow.
他明天要前往日本。
(4)现在进行时常用的时间状语有now，all the time，these days，this year，at the moment等。
四、过去进行时
1．过去进行时的构成：
was/were＋动词的现在分词。
2．过去进行时的用法。
(1)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。如：
—What were you doing at this time yesterday
—昨天这个时候你在干什么？
—I was doing my homework.
—我正在做我的家庭作业。
We were reading when the teacher came in.
当老师进来时我们正在读书。
(2)过去进行时常用的时间状语有at that time，at nine yesterday，those days，when/while引导的时间状语从句等。
五、一般将来时
1．一般将来时的构成：
助动词will/shall＋动词原形；be going to ＋动词原形。
2．一般将来时的用法。
(1)表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。其构成是will＋动词原形。当主语是第一人称I/we时，助动词也可用shall。如：
He will be back in two days.
他将在两天后回来。
Lucy will go to visit her uncle tomorrow.
明天露西将要去看望她的叔叔。
We shall go to see you next Sunday.
下个星期天我们将去看你。
(2)表示计划、打算、决定要做的事或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。一般情况下用be going to＋动词原形结构。如：
—What are you going to do this Sunday
—这个星期天你打算干什么？
—I'm going to practice English.
—我打算练习英语。
Look at the clouds，it is going to rain.
看那些乌云，天要下雨了。
(3)一般将来时常用的时间状语有tomorrow，next week，next year，in two days，in the future，from now on，soon等表示将来的时间状语。
六、现在完成时
1．现在完成时的构成：
助动词have/has＋动词的过去分词。
2．现在完成时的用法。
(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。如：
—Have you had your lunch yet
—你吃过午饭了吗？
—Yes，I have.I've just had it.
—是的，我刚吃过。(现在不饿了)
(2)表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，可能还要持续下去，常与for或since连用。表示持续的动作或状态多为延续性动词。如：
He has lived here since 1999.
自从1999年以来，他就住在这儿。
I have learned English for ten years.
我学习英语有10年了。
注意：非延续性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。必须把非延续性动词改为相应的表示延续性的动词或短语，这时可与表示一段时间的状语连用。常见的非延续性动词通常做如下变换：come→be in，leave→be away，buy→have，borrow→keep，die→be dead，begin→be on，close→be closed，open→be open，join→be in/be a member of，go/come there→be there，get married→be married，catch a cold→have a cold，return→be back，fall ill→be ill，become→be，has gone to→has been in等。如：
误：I have bought this computer for two years.
正：I have had this computer for two years.
我买这台电脑有两年了。
(3)与现在完成时连用的时间状语有already，yet，just，ever，never，before，so far，in/during the past few years，for＋一段时间，since＋过去的时间点，since＋一般过去时的从句等。
语法过关小练习
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The boys in Class 3 _____________(have)a math class at nine o'clock yesterday morning.
2．On my way home，I ________(see)an old man lying on the ground last night.
3．Grace _________(win)this game every time we play.
4．I _____________(learn)50 French words already since I only started taking French classes last week.
5．I don't know if Sam ____________(come)tomorrow.If he comes，I will tell you.
6．—Mom，where is Dad
—He _________(water)flowers in the garden now.
7．If there __________(be)no buying and selling of animals，there will be no killing in nature.
8．—When will you hand in your book report
—Sorry，I'm not sure.I ____________(not finish)writing it yet.
9．—A nice tie！A present
—Yes，it is.My aunt _________(send)it to me for my birthday.
10．—Is Miss Green in the office
—No，she __________(go)to the library.
11．—You're in a hurry.Where are you going
—To the cinema.Sue ___________(wait)for me outside.
12．There ____________(be)a basketball match between Class One and Class Three this afternoon.
13．—I didn't see you at the beginning of the party last night.
—I ____________(work)on my biology report at that time.
14．—It seems that you are happy.Why
—I met an old friend of mine while I _________(walk)on the street.
15．Little Tom __________(play)computer games when his mother got home.
二、用所给词的适当形式填空，完成短文
It was Sunday and we 1.________(sit)at the table when Father suddenly 2._______(smile)and 3.________(say)to us，“Oh，my dear，I forgot to tell you the good news.There is a letter from Grandma.She said she 4.__________(come)to see us this afternoon.I 5.__________(meet)her at the station.” With these words，he went out.
How happy we 6._________(be)！We 7.__________(not see)Grandma for half a year and 8._________(miss)her very much.After lunch my mother and I 9._________(go)shopping.We 10.__________(buy)a lot of food that Grandma liked.My sister 11.________(clean)the house.It 12.________(be)four o'clock when we 13._________(finish)and we 14.________(sit)around the table waiting for Grandma.At last the door 15.________(open)and my father came in alone.“Where 16._______(be)Grandma？” we 17._______(ask)．Father 18.________(laugh)and 19.________(say)，“April Fools！Today 20.________(be)April 1st，April Fool's Day.”
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