(共15张PPT)
非谓语动词
语法基础复习
一、不定式
不定式的基本形式为to＋动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not＋(to＋)动词原形。
动词不定式的句法功能：
功能 例句 说明
主语 To speak English is not easy for us.＝It is not easy for us to speak English.讲英语对我们来说不容易。 作主语用的不定式常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。
表语 My work is to clean the room every day.＝To clean the room every day is my work.我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。 多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。
宾语 —What sports does he like to play？ —他喜欢做什么运动？ —He likes to play basketball. —他喜欢打篮球。 只能作某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。
宾补 My mother made me play the piano all the time. 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。 在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。
定语 Have you got anything to say？你有什么要说的吗？ 不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。
状语 I'm sorry to trouble you.很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。I went to the library to study English.我去图书馆学习英语。 不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。
1.不定式作主语。
动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末。
其结构为It＋be＋形容词(＋for/ of sb.)＋动词不定式。如：
To learn English well is useful.
→ It is useful to learn English well.
学好英语是有用的。
It's important for us to protect the environment.
保护环境对我们很重要。
注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for，而用of。如：
It's very kind of you to help me.
你帮助我真是太好啦。
2．不定式作宾语。
(1)有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like，like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。如：
Would you like to see a film this evening
你今晚想去看电影吗？
(2)在find，think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如：
I find it easy to read English every day.
我发现每天读英语是很容易的。
(3)常见的一些不带to的动词不定式：why not do...，why don't you do...，had better(not)do...，would rather do，could/would/will you please(not)do...。如：
I would rather stay in the room.
我宁愿待在房间里。
3．不定式作宾语补足语。
(1)不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：
Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.
露西要他把收音机音量调小点。
(2)tell，ask，want，allow，get，would like，encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：
My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.
我妈妈鼓励我学日语。
(3)还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：
一感(feel)、二听(hear，listen to)、三让(let，make，have)、四看(look at，see，watch，notice)。但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如：
My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss.
老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。
4．不定式作定语。
(1)不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
(2)如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。如：
There is nothing to worry about.
这没有什么可担心的。
5．不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如：
The teacher is telling the students what to do.
老师正告诉学生们做什么。
He didn't know where to go.
他不知道去哪里。
二、动名词
动名词具有名词的性质，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。如：
Saying so much is useless.(主语)
说那么多没用。
My greatest pleasure is traveling.(表语)
我最大的乐趣是旅游。
She enjoys going to the cinema.(宾语)
她喜爱看电影。
There is a swimming pool here.(定语)
这儿有一个游泳池。
注意：(1)我们初中阶段常见的有finish，mind，be worth，be busy，practice，have fun，have trouble/problem(in)，spend...(in)，feel like，be used to(习惯于)，give up，keep on，consider，suggest，can't help。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。
完成实践值得忙(finish，practice，be worth，be busy)
继续习惯别放弃(keep on，be used to，give up)
考虑建议不禁想(consider，suggest，can't help，feel like)
喜欢思念要介意(enjoy，miss，mind)
一、根据句意及汉语提示完成句子
1．I don't know how ______________ (算出)the math problem.
2．We find it necessary ____________ (保护)wild animals.
3．Don't you know that teenagers aren't allowed ____________ (抽烟)
4．Would you mind __________ (关)the window
5．—You forgot ___________(叫醒)me up again.
—Sorry，I won't next time.
6．She spent the whole morning __________(写)the letter.
7．Thanks for __________(帮助)me with my English.
to work out
to protect
to smoke
closing
to wake
writing
helping
语法过关小练习
8．—Dad，I'm really tired and hungry.
—Why not stop ________(做)your homework and eat some cookies
9．I heard Tom __________(唱歌)when I walked past his room yesterday.
10．It's really cold outside.You'd better _________(穿上)your coat.
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Parents always tell their children ____________ (not go)away with strangers.
2．I prefer ____________(watch)a movie rather than stay at home.
3．I'm sorry _________ (say)that Flight 1580 was cancelled because of the bad weather.
4．Do you want something ____________(drink)，Sir
5．Could you help me ___________(look)after my dog when I am away
doing
singing
put on
not to go
to watch
to say
to drink
(to)look
6．You should let your children ______(do)their homework alone.
7．She is too young ________(go)to school.
8．A doctor's duty is __________(save)patients' lives.
9．___________(finish)this project on time，you need to work overtime.
10．It was not easy for my father _____________(support)our family，but he made it.
11．The students were asked _________ (act)out the dialogue in groups.
12．Try your best _________(talk)with your parents and they will agree with your decision.
13．The traffic is heavy at this time every day.You'd better ____________(not drive)to work.
14．It costs me 200 yuan ___________ (repair)my mobile phone.
do
to go
to save
To finish
to support
to act
to talk
not drive
to repair
三、同义句转换
1．My teacher made me finish my paper in two weeks.
I was made _____ ________ my paper in two weeks.
2．Watching the football match with my friends is exciting.
It is exciting _____ ________ the football match with my friends.
3．There are so many books that I don't know which one I should buy.
There are so many books that I don't know ________ ______ _____ ______．
4．The man gives up smoking in order that he can be healthy.
_____ _____ __________，the man gives up smoking.
5．My sister has a dream that one day she will become a famous actress.
My sister's dream is _____ __________ a famous actress.
to
finish
to
watch
which
one
to
buy
To
be
healthy
to
become中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
语法基础知识------非谓语动词
知识讲解
一、不定式
不定式的基本形式为to＋动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not＋(to＋)动词原形。
动词不定式的句法功能：
功能 例句 说明
主语 To speak English is not easy for us.＝It is not easy for us to speak English.讲英语对我们来说不容易。 作主语用的不定式常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。
表语 My work is to clean the room every day.＝To clean the room every day is my work.我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。 多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。
宾语 —What sports does he like to play？ —他喜欢做什么运动？—He likes to play basketball.—他喜欢打篮球。 只能作某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。
宾补 My mother made me play the piano all the time. 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。 在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。
定语 Have you got anything to say？你有什么要说的吗？ 不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。
状语 I'm sorry to trouble you.很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。I went to the library to study English.我去图书馆学习英语。 不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。
1.不定式作主语。
动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末。
其结构为It＋be＋形容词(＋for/ of sb.)＋动词不定式。如：
To learn English well is useful.
→ It is useful to learn English well.
学好英语是有用的。
It's important for us to protect the environment.
保护环境对我们很重要。
注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for，而用of。如：
It's very kind of you to help me.
你帮助我真是太好啦。
2．不定式作宾语。
(1)有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like，like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。如：
Would you like to see a film this evening
你今晚想去看电影吗？
(2)在find，think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如：
I find it easy to read English every day.
我发现每天读英语是很容易的。
(3)常见的一些不带to的动词不定式：why not do...，why don't you do...，had better(not)do...，would rather do，could/would/will you please(not)do...。如：
I would rather stay in the room.
我宁愿待在房间里。
3．不定式作宾语补足语。
(1)不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：
Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.
露西要他把收音机音量调小点。
(2)tell，ask，want，allow，get，would like，encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：
My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.
我妈妈鼓励我学日语。
(3)还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：
一感(feel)、二听(hear，listen to)、三让(let，make，have)、四看(look at，see，watch，notice)。但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如：
My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss.
老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。
4．不定式作定语。
(1)不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
(2)如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。如：
There is nothing to worry about.
这没有什么可担心的。
5．不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如：
The teacher is telling the students what to do.
老师正告诉学生们做什么。
He didn't know where to go.
他不知道去哪里。
二、动名词
动名词具有名词的性质，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。如：
Saying so much is useless.(主语)
说那么多没用。
My greatest pleasure is traveling.(表语)
我最大的乐趣是旅游。
She enjoys going to the cinema.(宾语)
她喜爱看电影。
There is a swimming pool here.(定语)
这儿有一个游泳池。
注意：(1)我们初中阶段常见的有finish，mind，be worth，be busy，practice，have fun，have trouble/problem(in)，spend...(in)，feel like，be used to(习惯于)，give up，keep on，consider，suggest，can't help。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。
完成实践值得忙(finish，practice，be worth，be busy)
继续习惯别放弃(keep on，be used to，give up)
考虑建议不禁想(consider，suggest，can't help，feel like)
喜欢思念要介意(enjoy，miss，mind)
(2)有些动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词形式作宾语，但表达的意思不同。如：
①
②
③
④
⑤
语法过关小练习
一、根据句意及汉语提示完成句子
1．I don't know how ____________(算出)the math problem.
2．We find it necessary __________(保护)wild animals.
3．Don't you know that teenagers aren't allowed __________(抽烟)
4．Would you mind ________(关)the window
5．—You forgot _________(叫醒)me up again.
—Sorry，I won't next time.
6．She spent the whole morning _________(写)the letter.
7．Thanks for _________(帮助)me with my English.
8．—Dad，I'm really tired and hungry.
—Why not stop ________(做)your homework and eat some cookies
9．I heard Tom _________(唱歌)when I walked past his room yesterday.
10．It's really cold outside.You'd better ________(穿上)your coat.
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Parents always tell their children __________(not go)away with strangers.
2．I prefer ___________(watch)a movie rather than stay at home.
3．I'm sorry ________(say)that Flight 1580 was cancelled because of the bad weather.
4．Do you want something _________(drink)，Sir
5．Could you help me _________(look)after my dog when I am away
6．You should let your children _______(do)their homework alone.
7．She is too young _______(go)to school.
8．A doctor's duty is _________(save)patients' lives.
9．________(finish)this project on time，you need to work overtime.
10．It was not easy for my father __________(support)our family，but he made it.
11．The students were asked ________(act)out the dialogue in groups.
12．Try your best _________(talk)with your parents and they will agree with your decision.
13．The traffic is heavy at this time every day.You'd better __________(not drive)to work.
14．It costs me 200 yuan _________(repair)my mobile phone.
三、同义句转换
1．My teacher made me finish my paper in two weeks.
I was made ________ ________ my paper in two weeks.
2．Watching the football match with my friends is exciting.
It is exciting ______ _______ the football match with my friends.
3．There are so many books that I don't know which one I should buy.
There are so many books that I don't know ______ _____ ______ _______．
4．The man gives up smoking in order that he can be healthy.
______ _______ _______，the man gives up smoking.
5．My sister has a dream that one day she will become a famous actress.
My sister's dream is ______ _______ a famous actress.
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