Unit 1
Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage
【学习目标】
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要语言点的基本用法。(语言能力)
2.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化所学语言点,并学以致用。(学习能力)
3.通过对教材的理解,学会运用主谓一致的用法。(语言能力)
【合作探究】
新知探究
核 心 单 词
知识点1 adapt vt. 改编;改写;使适应 vi. 适应于 *adaptable adj. 有适应能力的;能适应的 *adaptation n. 适应;改编本
(P6)In 1967, Disney adapted the book into a cartoon film, which is widely regarded as a classic.
1967年,迪士尼将这本书改编成了一部卡通电影,这部电影被公认为经典之作。
知识拓展
adapt (...) to (使……)适应……
adapt oneself to 使自己适应……
adapt...for... 为……改编(写);改造……以供……之用
adapt from 根据……改编(写)
图解释义
The research describes the adaptation of desert species to the hot conditions.
那个调查描述了沙漠物种对炎热环境的适应(情况)。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)The author is going to adapt his play television.
(2)Adapted J.K.Rowling's book series of the same title, the Harry Potter movies are universally acknowledged as classics.
(3)Having settled in that remote area for a year, the young man finally adapted the weather.
Ⅱ.一句多译
(4)我们相信他很快就能适应新环境。
→We believe that he can .(adaptation n.)
→We believe that he can .(adapt v.)
答案 (1)for (2)from (3)to (4)make a quick adaptation to the new environment; adapt himself to the new environment soon
知识点2 solution n.解决办法;处理手段;答案 *solve vt. 解决;处理;解答;破解
(P7) There was another problem: the digitally created animals had no shadows, but the film team was able to find a solution.
还有另一个问题:数码制作的动物没有影子,但电影团队能够找到解决办法。
知识拓展
a solution to... ……的解决办法(to为介词)
come up with/find/seek a solution 想出/找到/寻找解决方法
solve a problem解决问题
经典佳句
She came up with an effective solution to the problem.
她想出了一个解决这个问题的有效的办法。
She succeeded in solving the problem after hard work.
努力过后,她成功地解决了这个问题。
名师点拨
“n.+to (to 为介词)”短语还有:
the key to...……的关键
the way to...通往……的路
the answer to...……的答案
the entrance to...……的入口
the approach to...……的方式/方法
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)—We need to keep working and come up with a solution the problem as soon as possible.
—I can't agree more.
(2)Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to (work) things out.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)UN leaders are working hard to the conflict.
联合国领导人正在努力寻找和平解决冲突的办法。
答案 (1)to (2)working (3)find/seek a peaceful solution to
短 语 句 式
知识点3 be regarded as 被认为是;被当作/视为
(P6) In 1967, Disney adapted the book into a cartoon film, which is widely regarded as a classic.
1967年,迪士尼将这本书改编成了一部卡通电影,这部电影被公认为经典之作。
知识拓展
regardless of不管;不顾;不理会(相当于despite或in spite of)
as regards关于;至于
in/with regard to关于
without regard to不考虑
经典佳句
Mountains are regarded as spiritual places by many cultures.
山被许多文化视为心灵之地。
With regard to this report, we expressed concern and we would confirm the situation.
关于此报道,我们表示关注并将核实情况。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)Tom was regarded a generous boy,who often treated me to films.
(2)The amount will be paid to everyone regardless whether they have children or not.
(3)In my opinion, she was no expert at all as (regard) dancing.
(4)The company's position with regard overtime (加班) is made clear in their contracts.
答案 (1)as (2)of (3)regards (4)to
知识点4 动词-ed形式作状语
(P6)Based on Rudyard Kipling's book of the same title, it describes the story of a boy named Mowgli.
它(电影)根据拉迪亚德·吉卜林的同名作品改编,讲述了一个名叫毛克利的男孩的故事。
知识拓展
Based on Rudyard Kipling's book of the same title为动词-ed形式在句中作状语。
动词-ed形式作状语,表示被动和完成,句子的主语就是动词-ed形式所表示的动作的承受者。动词-ed形式在句中作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随等。
Asked about his impression of the course, he made no answer.(时间状语)
当被问到对那门课程的印象时,他没有回答。
Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.(原因状语)
由于被这个故事深深地感动了,孩子们开始哭了起来。
United, we stand; divided, we fall. (条件状语)
团结则存,分裂则亡。
Rejected many times, he didn't lose heart.(让步状语)
他虽然被拒绝了多次,但是并没有失去信心。
The boy slid out of his room, followed by his pet dog.(伴随状语)
那个男孩溜出了房间,后面跟着他的宠物狗。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)Ordinary soap, (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
(2) (absorb) in deep thought,he didn't hear the sound.
(3) (publish) in 1964, it's his classic memoir of Paris.
(4) (surround) by green trees, the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school.
答案 (1)used (2)Absorbed (3)Published (4)Surrounded
知识点5 not only...but also...
(P6)The new film uses much more advanced technology—not only the animals but also the jungle is digitally created.
这部新电影使用更先进的技术,不仅是动物,而且丛林也是数字化创作的。
知识拓展
句中not only...but also...引导两个并列的名词, 意为“不但……而且……”。
(1)该结构常用来连接并列成分,如两个主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语或句子,在意义上强调后者,其中also可以省略。
(2)not only...but also...连接主语时,谓语动词的数遵循就近原则;当not only 位于句首连接两个句子时,not only后接的分句要用部分倒装。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)They his office but (also) tore up his papers.
他们不但闯进了他的办公室,而且撕碎了他的文件。
(2)Not only you but (also) he
.
不仅是你,他也想去看电影。
(3) who can read but to those who can't.
电视不仅吸引识字的人,而且也吸引不识字的人。
答案 (1)not only broke into (2)wants to go to the cinema (3)Not only does television appeal to those
语法探究
主 谓 一 致
自主探究
阅读下列句子,并注意黑体部分的用法。
1.Actually, the film you see on the screen is the product of a huge amount of hard work, most of which takes place behind the scenes.
2.These are often added after a scene has been shot and might not be made in the way you would expect.
3.Another aspect I attach great importance to is visual special effects.
4.He talked to historians to ensure that the details were correct and even went down to the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean to see what was left of the ship for himself.
5.They have worked for months and even years so that you can have two hours of enjoyment!
6.Just as the poor passengers on the real Titanic saw the tip of the iceberg, what we see on the cinema screen is just the tip of the huge iceberg of film-making.
我的发现
(1)句1的从句、句2的从句和句3的主句中,主语为 形式,谓语动词用 形式。
(2)句4的从句和句5的主句中,主语为 形式,谓语动词用 形式。
(3)句6中主句的主语为 ,谓语动词用 形式。
答案 (1)第三人称单数;单数 (2)复数;复数 (3)名词性从句/主语从句;单数
探究点1 主谓一致的概念及基本原则
主谓一致就是指在句子中谓语动词必须在人称和数上与主语保持一致。主谓一致涉及三个基本原则,即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
1.语法一致
语法一致是指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系,主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;反之,谓语动词用复数形式。
And, even if I weren't excited enough about free credits, news about our instructor was appealing enough to me.
而且,即使我对免费学分不够兴奋,关于我们导师的消息对我也有足够的吸引力。
My children have no intention of spending a vacation with me.
我的孩子们不想与我一起度假。
2.意义一致
意义一致是指谓语动词的单复数要取决于主语所表达的概念,而不取决于表面上的语法标记。
(1)主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数时,谓语动词用复数。
The only people who are interested in the book seem to be lawyers.
唯一对这本书感兴趣的人好像是律师。
The majority of primary school teachers are women.
大多数小学老师是女性。
(2)主语形式为复数,而意义上是单数时,谓语动词用单数。
Politics is my favourite subject.
政治是我最喜欢的学科。
3.就近一致
就近一致是指当主语由两个或两个以上的名词或代词组成时,谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数保持一致。
(1)当主语由either...or...、 neither... nor...、 not only... but also...、 not...but 等连接时,须遵循就近一致原则。
Either you or I am going there.
要么你去那里,要么我去那里。
Not only he but also all his family are keen on concerts.
不仅他,而且他全家人都很热衷于音乐会。
Neither his family nor he knows anything about it.
他的家人和他自己都不知道那件事。
(2)以there/here/where为首的句子须遵循就近一致原则。
There is a book, two pencils and some flowers on the desk.
书桌上有一本书、两支铅笔和一些花。
Here are some envelopes and paper for you.
给你一些信封和纸。
Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away
你不在的时候,你的妻子和孩子待在哪儿呢
探究点2 谓语动词用单数的情况
1.可数名词单数、不可数名词作主语。
My bike is under the tree.
我的自行车在那棵树底下。
The teacher's advice is very helpful to me.
老师的建议对我很有帮助。
2.动词-ing形式、动词不定式(短语)、从句作主语。
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
在太阳下看书对你的眼睛有害。
To say something is usually easier than to do something.
说一些事往往要比做一些事容易。
What we want is some water.
我们需要的是一些水。
名师点拨
(1)当若干个动词不定式(短语)、动词-ing 形式或从句用and连接作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。
What he says and what he does don't agree.
他言行不一致。
Where he comes from and what he is doing here are secrets.
他来自哪儿和他在这儿干什么都是个谜。
(2)由what引导的从句作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数,但所指的具体内容若是复数意义时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。
What we need is more time.
我们需要的是更多的时间。
What we need are doctors.
我们需要的是医生。
3.表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等的复数名词作主语时,要看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。
Four weeks is often approximately regarded as one month.
人们常将四个星期大致视为一个月。
Twenty years stands for a long period in one's life.
二十年在人的一生中意味着一段很长的时期。
4.单数名词作主语时,尽管后有with、 together with、 along with、 more than、 rather than、 including、 like、 as well as、 except、 but、 besides等构成的复数短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式。
Nobody except the teachers knows anything about this matter.
除了老师外没有人知道这件事。
Li Lei as well as his parents is going to Hong Kong next week.
李雷和他的父母下周将去香港。
5.单数名词作主语时,尽管有more than one 或many a/an修饰,谓语动词仍用单数形式。
Many a teacher has seen the film.
许多教师看过这部电影。
More than one student was late.
不止一个学生迟到。
名师点拨
“more+复数名词+than one”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
More persons than one come to help us.
不止一个人来帮助我们。
6.one of、 each of、 every one of、 either of、 the number of后面接复数名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
The number of the students in our school is over 2,000.
我们学校学生的数量超过了2000。
One of the teachers is among them.
其中有一位老师在他们当中。
Each of us has something to say.
我们每个人都有话要说。
7.“every/each/no+单数名词+and+every/each/no+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Every boy and every girl was given a ticket.
每个男孩和女孩都得到了一张票。
Each hour and each minute is precious.
每一小时、每一分钟都是宝贵的。
8.表示一个国家、组织、书名、报刊等名称的专有名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
English Weekly is very useful to the students.
《英语周报》对学生很有用。
9.由 some、 any、 no、 every与thing、 one、 body构成的复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Everyone is here today.
今天大家都到了。
Nothing is difficult if you try your best.
如果你尽全力的话,什么事情也不难。
探究点3 谓语动词用复数的情况
1.people、 cattle、 police、 youth等集合名词作主语时。
The cattle are eating grass over there.
牛群在那边吃草。
2.复数可数名词以及由many、 a good many、 quite a few、 a lot of、 lots of、 plenty of、 a (large/great) number of等修饰的复数可数名词作主语时,或由large/huge quantities/amounts of修饰的名词(复数可数名词或不可数名词)作主语时。
Many people are watching the football match.
许多人正在观看这场足球比赛。
3.each放在复数主语后面作同位语时。
The boys in the class each have their own toys.
班级里的每个男孩都有他们自己的玩具。
4.某些形容词与定冠词the连用表示一类人时。
The old are taken good care of in our town.
我们镇上的老人得到了很好的照顾。
5.不可数名词前有复数形式的计量名词修饰时。
Five bottles of water are needed.
需要五瓶水。
6.and或both... and连接并列主语时。
A hammer and a saw are useful tools.
榔头和锯子都是有用的工具。
Both Tom and I are fond of medicine.
我和汤姆都喜欢医学。
7.“one or two+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
One or two girls are needed for the group dance.
这个集体舞还需要一两个女孩。
探究点4 谓语动词的单复数看情况而定的情况
1.分数或百分数修饰单数名词或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式;修饰复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式;修饰集合名词时,谓语动词多用复数形式。
Three fifths of the land is covered with forests.
五分之三的土地被森林覆盖。
Two thirds of the students have passed the examinations.
三分之二的学生通过了考试。
2.在定语从句中,先行词为one of...结构时,定语从句一般视为修饰后面的复数名词,从句谓语动词一般用复数形式;先行词为the one of...或者the only one of...结构时,定语从句则视为修饰单数名词,从句的谓语动词应该用单数形式。
Mr Green is one of the foreign experts who are working in China.
格林先生是在中国工作的外国专家之一。
Mr Green is the only one of those foreign experts who is working in China.
格林先生是那些外国专家中唯一在中国工作的人。
3.名词性物主代词作主语时,谓语动词既可以用单数形式,也可以用复数形式,这取决于它所代替的名词是单数还是复数。
Your shoes are black, and mine (=my shoes) are brown.
你的鞋子是黑色的,而我的是棕色的。
4.such、 the same起指示代词的作用时,应根据其所指代的名词来决定谓语动词的单复数。
Such is our plan.
那是我们的计划。
Such are his words.
那是他的话。
5.关系代词who、 that、 which等在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数应取决于定语从句所修饰的先行词。
Those who want to go please put up your hands.
想去的人请举手。
Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.
一些被人类利用的能源来自太阳。
6.由and连接的两个名词作主语,表示不同的人或事物时,其概念是复数,谓语动词用复数形式;表示同一个人、同一件事或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式。
The poet and the writer have visited our school.
那位诗人和那位作家参观了我们的学校。
The poet and writer has visited our school.
那位诗人兼作家参观了我们的学校。
7.由all/half/some/a lot/plenty/any/part/the rest/most/a large... quantity/... percent of 修饰单数可数名词或不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;修饰复数可数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。
All of them are right.
所有的人都是对的。
All of the work has been done.
所有的工作都做完了。
A large quantity of coal is needed in our school this winter.
今年冬天我们学校还需要大量的煤。
8.集合名词如family、 class、 group、 team、 nation、 crowd、 company、 public等作主语时,如果强调一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;如果强调其中的成员,谓语动词用复数形式。
My family is a big one.
我的家庭是一个大家庭。
My family are watching TV.
我的家人在看电视。
9.当all表示单数概念时,谓语动词用单数形式;all修饰复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。
All that can be done has been done.
所有能做的事都做完了。
All the students have arrived.
所有的学生都到了。
10.no修饰单数可数名词或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式;no修饰复数可数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。
There is no hotel over there.
那里没有宾馆。
There are no hotels over there.
那里没有宾馆。
11.population作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式;若population前有分数、百分数修饰且作主语时,谓语动词的单复数通常取决于后面的表语的单复数。
The population of the country is very large, and about 50% of its population are farmers.
这个国家的人口数量很大,其中50%是农民。
12.当一些由两部分构成的物体,如trousers、 shoes、 glasses、 chopsticks、 scissors等作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式;当这些词由a kind of、 a pair of、 a series of等修饰时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
Her trousers are beautiful indeed.
她的裤子确实好看。
A pair of glasses is on the desk.
桌上有一副眼镜。
13.“a/this kind/type/sort+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式;“复数名词+of +a/this kind/type/sort”作主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式。
This kind of men is dangerous.
这种人很危险。
Men of this kind are dangerous.
这类人很危险。
14.means、 works、 species、 Chinese、 Japanese等单复数同形的名词作主语,表示单数意义时,谓语动词用单数形式;反之,谓语动词用复数形式。
This glass works was set up in 1980.
这家玻璃厂建于1980年。
These glass works are near the railway station.
这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。
【随堂检测】
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.—Why does the lake smell terrible
—Because large quantities of water (pollute).
2.One third of the country (be) covered with trees and the majority of the citizens (be) black people.
3.Barbara is easy to recognize as she's the only one of the women who (wear) evening dress.
4.The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which (save) for other purposes.
5.Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, and when and where to give (decide) already.
6.A teacher, together with four students, (send) to help with this research the other day.
7.Jack,as well as his relatives and friends, (hold) a party at home now.
8.All but the one that asked for leave yesterday (be) here just now.
9.Three hours with your old friends (seem) to be a short time.
答案 1.have been polluted 2.is; are 3.wears 4.were saved 5.has been decided 6.was sent
7.is holding 8.were 9.seems
Ⅱ.结合主谓一致的用法,翻译下列句子
1.他的家人都是音乐爱好者。
_______________________________________________________________________________
2.他的大部分钱都花在书上了。
_______________________________________________________________________________
3.大多数学生正积极参加体育活动。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
4.许多人都读过这本书。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
5.百分之六十多的学生都来自城市。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
6.要么你错了,要么她错了。
_______________________________________________________________________________
7.他和我都想去划船。
_______________________________________________________________________________
8.我们每人有一个录音机。
_______________________________________________________________________________
9.容许三周的必要准备时间。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案
1.His family are music lovers.
2.Most of his money is spent on books.
3.Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.
4.Many a person has / Many persons have read the book.
5.More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.
6.Either you or she is wrong.
7.He as well as I wants to go boating.
8.Each of us has a taperecorder.
9.Three weeks is allowed for making the necessary preparations.
Ⅲ.语法填空
Our school library,along with many other buildings, 1. (be) very different from other schools'.There 2. (be) two computer rooms,three art rooms, a meeting room and a reading room in the library building.The number of the books 3. (be) large, and maybe there are 100, 000 books in it.It is said that all the books cost our school 200, 000 dollars.Maybe 200, 000 dollars 4. (be) large to every student.In the era of knowledge explosion, the number of the students who 5. (have) a thirst for knowledge is increasing day by day.Nowadays, our library 6. (develop) into a multifunctional building.There are 50 computers in it.Many a student 7. (like) to surf the Internet at weekends here,and now you can see that my classmates, Mike and John 8. (play) computer games there.When you turn to another room, you will find that a professor and writer 9. (deliver) a speech.Each boy and each girl 10. (focus) on his interesting speech.
答案 1.is 2.are 3.is 4.is 5.have 6.has been developed 7.likes 8.are playing 9.is delivering 10.is focusing
2(共57张PPT)
UNIT 1 Lights, camera, action!
Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要语言点的基本用法。(语言能力)
2.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化所学语言点,并学以致用。(学习能力)
3.通过对教材的理解,学会运用主谓一致的用法。(语言能力)
核心单词
知识点1 adapt vt. 改编;改写;使适应 vi. 适应于*adaptable adj. 有适应能力的;能适应的 *adaptation n. 适应;改编本
(P6)In 1967, Disney adapted the book into a cartoon film, which is widely regarded as a classic.
1967年,迪士尼将这本书改编成了一部卡通电影,这部电影被公认为经典之作。
知识拓展
adapt (...) to (使……)适应……
adapt oneself to 使自己适应……
adapt...for... 为……改编(写);改造……以供……之用
adapt from 根据……改编(写)
图解释义
The research describes the adaptation of desert species to the hot conditions.
那个调查描述了沙漠物种对炎热环境的适应(情况)。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)The author is going to adapt his play ____ television.
for
(2)Adapted ______ J.K.Rowling's book series of the same title, the Harry Potter
movies are universally acknowledged as classics.
from
(3)Having settled in that remote area for a year, the young man finally adapted
___ the weather.
to
Ⅱ.一句多译
(4)我们相信他很快就能适应新环境。
→We believe that he can ____________________________________________.
(adaptation n.)
→We believe that he can _______________________________________.(adapt v.)
make a quick adaptation to the new environment
adapt himself to the new environment soon
知识点2 solution n.解决办法;处理手段;答案*solve vt. 解决;处理;解答;破解
(P7) There was another problem: the digitally created animals had no shadows, but the film team was able to find a solution.
还有另一个问题:数码制作的动物没有影子,但电影团队能够找到解决办法。
知识拓展
a solution to... ……的解决办法(to为介词)
come up with/find/seek a solution 想出/找到/寻找解决方法
solve a problem解决问题
经典佳句
She came up with an effective solution to the problem.
她想出了一个解决这个问题的有效的办法。
She succeeded in solving the problem after hard work.
努力过后,她成功地解决了这个问题。
名师点拨
“n.+to (to 为介词)”短语还有:
the key to...……的关键
the way to...通往……的路
the answer to...……的答案
the entrance to...……的入口
the approach to...……的方式/方法
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)—We need to keep working and come up with a solution ___the problem as
soon as possible.
—I can't agree more.
to
(2)Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best
approach to ________(work) things out.
working
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)UN leaders are working hard to _____________________________ the conflict.
联合国领导人正在努力寻找和平解决冲突的办法。
find/seek a peaceful solution to
短语句式
知识点3 be regarded as 被认为是;被当作/视为
(P6) In 1967, Disney adapted the book into a cartoon film, which is widely regarded as a classic.
1967年,迪士尼将这本书改编成了一部卡通电影,这部电影被公认为经典之作。
知识拓展
regardless of不管;不顾;不理会(相当于despite或in spite of)
as regards关于;至于
in/with regard to关于
without regard to不考虑
经典佳句
Mountains are regarded as spiritual places by many cultures.
山被许多文化视为心灵之地。
With regard to this report, we expressed concern and we would confirm the situation.
关于此报道,我们表示关注并将核实情况。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)Tom was regarded ___ a generous boy,who often treated me to films.
as
(2)The amount will be paid to everyone regardless ___ whether they have children
or not.
of
(3)In my opinion, she was no expert at all as ________(regard) dancing.
regards
(4)The company's position with regard ___overtime (加班) is made clear in
their contracts.
to
知识点4 动词-ed形式作状语
(P6)Based on Rudyard Kipling's book of the same title, it describes the story of a boy named Mowgli.
它(电影)根据拉迪亚德·吉卜林的同名作品改编,讲述了一个名叫毛克利的男孩的故事。
知识拓展
Based on Rudyard Kipling's book of the same title为动词-ed形式在句中作状语。
动词-ed形式作状语,表示被动和完成,句子的主语就是动词-ed形式所表示的动作的承受者。动词-ed形式在句中作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随等。
Asked about his impression of the course, he made no answer.(时间状语)
当被问到对那门课程的印象时,他没有回答。
Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.(原因状语)
由于被这个故事深深地感动了,孩子们开始哭了起来。
United, we stand; divided, we fall. (条件状语)
团结则存,分裂则亡。
Rejected many times, he didn't lose heart.(让步状语)
他虽然被拒绝了多次,但是并没有失去信心。
The boy slid out of his room, followed by his pet dog.(伴随状语)
那个男孩溜出了房间,后面跟着他的宠物狗。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)Ordinary soap,_____ (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
used
(2)__________ (absorb) in deep thought,he didn't hear the sound.
Absorbed
(3)__________ (publish) in 1964, it's his classic memoir of Paris.
Published
(4)___________ (surround) by green trees, the farm is located at the foot of
the hill near our school.
Surrounded
知识点5 not only...but also...
(P6)The new film uses much more advanced technology—not only the animals but also the jungle is digitally created.
这部新电影使用更先进的技术,不仅是动物,而且丛林也是数字化创作的。
知识拓展
句中not only...but also...引导两个并列的名词, 意为“不但……而且……”。
(1)该结构常用来连接并列成分,如两个主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语或句子,在意义上强调后者,其中also可以省略。
(2)not only...but also...连接主语时,谓语动词的数遵循就近原则;当not only 位于句首连接两个句子时,not only后接的分句要用部分倒装。
融会应用 单句写作
(1)They __________________ his office but (also) tore up his papers.
他们不但闯进了他的办公室,而且撕碎了他的文件。
not only broke into
(2)Not only you but (also) he _________________________.
不仅是你,他也想去看电影。
wants to go to the cinema
(3)_____________________________________who can read but to those who can't.
电视不仅吸引识字的人,而且也吸引不识字的人。
Not only does television appeal to those
主谓一致
自主探究
阅读下列句子,并注意黑体部分的用法。
1.Actually, the film you see on the screen is the product of a huge amount of hard work, most of which takes place behind the scenes.
2.These are often added after a scene has been shot and might not be made in the way you would expect.
3.Another aspect I attach great importance to is visual special effects.
4.He talked to historians to ensure that the details were correct and even went down to the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean to see what was left of the ship for himself.
5.They have worked for months and even years so that you can have two hours of enjoyment!
6.Just as the poor passengers on the real Titanic saw the tip of the iceberg, what we see on the cinema screen is just the tip of the huge iceberg of film-making.
我的发现
(1)句1的从句、句2的从句和句3的主句中,主语为______________形式,谓语动词
用______形式。
第三人称单数
单数
(2)句4的从句和句5的主句中,主语为______形式,谓语动词用______形式。
复数
复数
(3)句6中主句的主语为____________________,谓语动词用______形式。
名词性从句/主语从句
单数
探究点1 主谓一致的概念及基本原则
主谓一致就是指在句子中谓语动词必须在人称和数上与主语保持一致。主谓一致涉及三个基本原则,即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
1.语法一致
语法一致是指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系,主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;反之,谓语动词用复数形式。
And, even if I weren't excited enough about free credits, news about our instructor was appealing enough to me.
而且,即使我对免费学分不够兴奋,关于我们导师的消息对我也有足够的吸引力。
My children have no intention of spending a vacation with me.
我的孩子们不想与我一起度假。
2.意义一致
意义一致是指谓语动词的单复数要取决于主语所表达的概念,而不取决于表面上的语法标记。
(1)主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数时,谓语动词用复数。
The only people who are interested in the book seem to be lawyers.
唯一对这本书感兴趣的人好像是律师。
The majority of primary school teachers are women.
大多数小学老师是女性。
(2)主语形式为复数,而意义上是单数时,谓语动词用单数。
Politics is my favourite subject.
政治是我最喜欢的学科。
3.就近一致
就近一致是指当主语由两个或两个以上的名词或代词组成时,谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数保持一致。
(1)当主语由either...or...、 neither... nor...、 not only... but also...、 not...but 等连接时,须遵循就近一致原则。
Either you or I am going there.
要么你去那里,要么我去那里。
Not only he but also all his family are keen on concerts.
不仅他,而且他全家人都很热衷于音乐会。
Neither his family nor he knows anything about it.
他的家人和他自己都不知道那件事。
(2)以there/here/where为首的句子须遵循就近一致原则。
There is a book, two pencils and some flowers on the desk.
书桌上有一本书、两支铅笔和一些花。
Here are some envelopes and paper for you.
给你一些信封和纸。
Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away?
你不在的时候,你的妻子和孩子待在哪儿呢?
探究点2 谓语动词用单数的情况
1.可数名词单数、不可数名词作主语。
My bike is under the tree.
我的自行车在那棵树底下。
The teacher's advice is very helpful to me.
老师的建议对我很有帮助。
2.动词-ing形式、动词不定式(短语)、从句作主语。
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
在太阳下看书对你的眼睛有害。
To say something is usually easier than to do something.
说一些事往往要比做一些事容易。
What we want is some water.
我们需要的是一些水。
名师点拨
(1)当若干个动词不定式(短语)、动词-ing 形式或从句用and连接作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。
What he says and what he does don't agree.
他言行不一致。
Where he comes from and what he is doing here are secrets.
他来自哪儿和他在这儿干什么都是个谜。
(2)由what引导的从句作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数,但所指的具体内容若是复数意义时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。
What we need is more time.
我们需要的是更多的时间。
What we need are doctors.
我们需要的是医生。
3.表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等的复数名词作主语时,要看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。
Four weeks is often approximately regarded as one month.
人们常将四个星期大致视为一个月。
Twenty years stands for a long period in one's life.
二十年在人的一生中意味着一段很长的时期。
4.单数名词作主语时,尽管后有with、 together with、 along with、 more than、 rather than、 including、 like、 as well as、 except、 but、 besides等构成的复数短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式。
Nobody except the teachers knows anything about this matter.
除了老师外没有人知道这件事。
Li Lei as well as his parents is going to Hong Kong next week.
李雷和他的父母下周将去香港。
5.单数名词作主语时,尽管有more than one 或many a/an修饰,谓语动词仍用单数形式。
Many a teacher has seen the film.
许多教师看过这部电影。
More than one student was late.
不止一个学生迟到。
名师点拨
“more+复数名词+than one”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
More persons than one come to help us.
不止一个人来帮助我们。
6.one of、 each of、 every one of、 either of、 the number of后面接复数名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
The number of the students in our school is over 2,000.
我们学校学生的数量超过了2000。
One of the teachers is among them.
其中有一位老师在他们当中。
Each of us has something to say.
我们每个人都有话要说。
7.“every/each/no+单数名词+and+every/each/no+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Every boy and every girl was given a ticket.
每个男孩和女孩都得到了一张票。
Each hour and each minute is precious.
每一小时、每一分钟都是宝贵的。
8.表示一个国家、组织、书名、报刊等名称的专有名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
English Weekly is very useful to the students.
《英语周报》对学生很有用。
9.由 some、 any、 no、 every与thing、 one、 body构成的复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Everyone is here today.
今天大家都到了。
Nothing is difficult if you try your best.
如果你尽全力的话,什么事情也不难。
探究点3 谓语动词用复数的情况
1.people、 cattle、 police、 youth等集合名词作主语时。
The cattle are eating grass over there.
牛群在那边吃草。
2.复数可数名词以及由many、 a good many、 quite a few、 a lot of、 lots of、 plenty of、 a (large/great) number of等修饰的复数可数名词作主语时,或由large/huge quantities/amounts of修饰的名词(复数可数名词或不可数名词)作主语时。
Many people are watching the football match.
许多人正在观看这场足球比赛。
3.each放在复数主语后面作同位语时。
The boys in the class each have their own toys.
班级里的每个男孩都有他们自己的玩具。
4.某些形容词与定冠词the连用表示一类人时。
The old are taken good care of in our town.
我们镇上的老人得到了很好的照顾。
5.不可数名词前有复数形式的计量名词修饰时。
Five bottles of water are needed.
需要五瓶水。
6.and或both... and连接并列主语时。
A hammer and a saw are useful tools.
榔头和锯子都是有用的工具。
Both Tom and I are fond of medicine.
我和汤姆都喜欢医学。
7.“one or two+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
One or two girls are needed for the group dance.
这个集体舞还需要一两个女孩。
探究点4 谓语动词的单复数看情况而定的情况
1.分数或百分数修饰单数名词或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式;修饰复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式;修饰集合名词时,谓语动词多用复数形式。
Three fifths of the land is covered with forests.
五分之三的土地被森林覆盖。
Two thirds of the students have passed the examinations.
三分之二的学生通过了考试。
2.在定语从句中,先行词为one of...结构时,定语从句一般视为修饰后面的复数名词,从句谓语动词一般用复数形式;先行词为the one of...或者the only one of...结构时,定语从句则视为修饰单数名词,从句的谓语动词应该用单数形式。
Mr Green is one of the foreign experts who are working in China.
格林先生是在中国工作的外国专家之一。
Mr Green is the only one of those foreign experts who is working in China.
格林先生是那些外国专家中唯一在中国工作的人。
3.名词性物主代词作主语时,谓语动词既可以用单数形式,也可以用复数形式,这取决于它所代替的名词是单数还是复数。
Your shoes are black, and mine (=my shoes) are brown.
你的鞋子是黑色的,而我的是棕色的。
4.such、 the same起指示代词的作用时,应根据其所指代的名词来决定谓语动词的单复数。
Such is our plan.
那是我们的计划。
Such are his words.
那是他的话。
5.关系代词who、 that、 which等在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数应取决于定语从句所修饰的先行词。
Those who want to go please put up your hands.
想去的人请举手。
Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.
一些被人类利用的能源来自太阳。
6.由and连接的两个名词作主语,表示不同的人或事物时,其概念是复数,谓语动词用复数形式;表示同一个人、同一件事或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式。
The poet and the writer have visited our school.
那位诗人和那位作家参观了我们的学校。
The poet and writer has visited our school.
那位诗人兼作家参观了我们的学校。
7.由all/half/some/a lot/plenty/any/part/the rest/most/a large... quantity/... percent of 修饰单数可数名词或不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;修饰复数可数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。
All of them are right.
所有的人都是对的。
All of the work has been done.
所有的工作都做完了。
A large quantity of coal is needed in our school this winter.
今年冬天我们学校还需要大量的煤。
8.集合名词如family、 class、 group、 team、 nation、 crowd、 company、 public等作主语时,如果强调一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;如果强调其中的成员,谓语动词用复数形式。
My family is a big one.
我的家庭是一个大家庭。
My family are watching TV.
我的家人在看电视。
9.当all表示单数概念时,谓语动词用单数形式;all修饰复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。
All that can be done has been done.
所有能做的事都做完了。
All the students have arrived.
所有的学生都到了。
10.no修饰单数可数名词或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式;no修饰复数可数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。
There is no hotel over there.
那里没有宾馆。
There are no hotels over there.
那里没有宾馆。
11.population作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式;若population前有分数、百分数修饰且作主语时,谓语动词的单复数通常取决于后面的表语的单复数。
The population of the country is very large, and about 50% of its population are farmers.
这个国家的人口数量很大,其中50%是农民。
12.当一些由两部分构成的物体,如trousers、 shoes、 glasses、 chopsticks、 scissors等作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式;当这些词由a kind of、 a pair of、 a series of等修饰时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
Her trousers are beautiful indeed.
她的裤子确实好看。
A pair of glasses is on the desk.
桌上有一副眼镜。
13.“a/this kind/type/sort+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式;“复数名词+of +a/this kind/type/sort”作主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式。
This kind of men is dangerous.
这种人很危险。
Men of this kind are dangerous.
这类人很危险。
14.means、 works、 species、 Chinese、 Japanese等单复数同形的名词作主语,表示单数意义时,谓语动词用单数形式;反之,谓语动词用复数形式。
This glass works was set up in 1980.
这家玻璃厂建于1980年。
These glass works are near the railway station.
这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.—Why does the lake smell terrible?
—Because large quantities of water __________________(pollute).
have been polluted
2.One third of the country ___(be) covered with trees and the majority of the
citizens ____(be) black people.
is
are
3.Barbara is easy to recognize as she's the only one of the women who ______
(wear) evening dress.
wears
4.The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which ___________
(save) for other purposes.
were saved
5.Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, and when and where
to give________________(decide) already.
has been decided
6.A teacher, together with four students, _________(send) to help with this
research the other day.
was sent
7.Jack,as well as his relatives and friends, __________(hold) a party at home now.
is holding
8.All but the one that asked for leave yesterday ______(be) here just now.
were
9.Three hours with your old friends _______(seem) to be a short time.
seems
Ⅱ.结合主谓一致的用法,翻译下列句子
1.他的家人都是音乐爱好者。
__________________________
His family are music lovers.
2.他的大部分钱都花在书上了。
___________________________________
Most of his money is spent on books.
3.大多数学生正积极参加体育活动。
__________________________________________________
Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.
4.许多人都读过这本书。
___________________________________________________
Many a person has / Many persons have read the book.
5.百分之六十多的学生都来自城市。
__________________________________________________
More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.
6.要么你错了,要么她错了。
__________________________
Either you or she is wrong.
7.他和我都想去划船。
__________________________________
He as well as I wants to go boating.
8.我们每人有一个录音机。
____________________________
Each of us has a taperecorder.
9.容许三周的必要准备时间。
________________________________________________________
Three weeks is allowed for making the necessary preparations.
Ⅲ.语法填空
Our school library,along with many other buildings, 1.___(be) very different
from other schools'.There 2.____(be) two computer rooms,three art rooms, a
meeting room and a reading room in the library building. The number of the books
3.___(be) large, and maybe there are 100, 000 books in it. It is said that all the
books cost our school 200, 000 dollars. Maybe 200, 000 dollars 4.___(be) large to
every student. In the era of knowledge explosion, the number of the students who
5._____(have) a thirst for knowledge is increasing day by day. Nowadays, our
library 6.__________________(develop) into a multifunctional building. There are
is
are
is
is
have
has been developed
50 computers in it. Many a student 7._____(like) to surf the Internet at weekends
here,and now you can see that my classmates, Mike and John 8.___________(play)
computer games there. When you turn to another room, you will find that a professor
and writer 9.____________(deliver) a speech. Each boy and each girl
10.___________(focus) on his interesting speech.
likes
are playing
is delivering
is focusing