Unit 2
Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage
【学习目标】
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要语言点的基本用法。(语言能力)
2.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化所学语言点,并学以致用。(学习能力)
3.通过对教材的理解,掌握现在进行时的被动语态和现在完成时的被动语态的用法。(语言能力)
【合作探究】
新知探究
核 心 单 词
知识点1 announce vt. 宣布;宣告;通知 *announcement n. 通告;宣告 *announcer n. 播音员;广播员
(P20)We are happy to announce that the Community Sports Centre will soon be open to the public once again!
我们很高兴地宣布,社区体育中心很快将再次向公众开放!
知识拓展
announce sth to sb 向某人宣告某事
It is announced that... 据宣布……
make an announcement 宣布;发布通告
经典佳句
The announcer made an announcement that all the details should be announced through the broadcast.
广播员宣称所有的细节都应通过广播宣布出来。
名师点拨
动词announce后不跟双宾语,表示“向某人宣布某事”时应该说announce sth to sb,类似用法的单词还有suggest、 explain、 report、 say等。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)It is wise to announce the news the public.
(2)It (announce) that only when the fire was under control would the residents be permitted to return to their homes.
答案 (1)to (2)was announced
知识点2 replace vt. 用……替换;代替;取代;更换;更新 *replacement n.更换; 替换
(P20)In response to public interest, our aerobics class has been replaced with several fun options, including modern dance.
为了满足公众的喜好,我们的有氧运动课程已经被一些有趣的课程取代,包括现代舞。
知识拓展
replace A with B 用B来替换A
be replaced by...被……取代
图解释义
Teachers will never be replaced by computers in the classroom.
课堂上电脑永远不会取代老师。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)They replaced the permanent staff part-timers.
(2)Nervousness and fear were replaced joy.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)He will be difficult when he leaves.
他离开后,他的位置很难有人接替。
(4)Our old car is badly .
我们的旧车急需更换。
答案 (1)with (2)by (3)to replace (4)in need of replacement
短 语 句 式
知识点3 in response to对……做出反应;作为对……的回复
(P20)In response to public interest, our aerobics class has been replaced with several fun options, including modern dance.
为了满足公众的喜好,我们的有氧运动课程已经被一些有趣的课程取代,包括现代舞。
知识拓展
make no response 没有回应
respond to 做出回应
respond with... 用……回应
经典佳句
The products were developed in response to customers' demands.
这些产品是为了满足客户的需求而开发的。
You can rely on him to respond to a challenge.
你可以信赖他,他懂得应付挑战。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)These graphs can even change during execution, in response important events in the computation.
(2)The mother responded to her child a smile.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3) , I hope the following information will be of use.
针对你的询问,我希望以下信息有用。
(4)She and went on with her movie.
她没有任何回应,继续看电影。
答案 (1)to (2)with (3)In response to your inquiry (4)made no response
语法探究
现在进行时的被动语态和现在完成时的被动语态
探究点1 现在进行时的被动语态
自主探究
阅读下列句子,并注意黑体部分的用法。
1.African elephants are being hunted.
2.What is being done to help them
3.What measures are being taken to help them
我的发现
以上句子谓语动词的形式均为 ,为 的结构。
答案 be+being+done;现在进行时的被动语态
一、现在进行时的被动语态的含义与结构
1.现在进行时的被动语态表示正在进行的被动动作发生在说话人说话时或现阶段。
2.现在进行时的被动语态的构成:be+being+done (过去分词)。be being done 中的be动词应随主语作相应的变化。
注意:现在进行时的被动语态中不能漏掉being。
二、现在进行时的被动语态的形式
现在进行时的被动语态的主要形式有肯定式、否定式、疑问式。它们的具体构成如下:
肯定式:主语+am/is/are+being done
否定式:主语+am/is/are+not+being done
一般疑问式:Am/Is/Are(+not)+主语+being done
特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+am/is/are(+not)+being done
An antelope sadly said,“We are being killed for the wool beneath our stomachs.”
一只羚羊伤心地说:“我们因我们腹下的羊毛而正被杀害。”
The tiger is not being set free at present.
目前这只老虎没有被放出来。
Are Milu deer being sent to their hometown
麋鹿正被运往它们的家乡吗
What is being done for the Milu deer
现在正在为麋鹿做些什么呢
三、现在进行时的被动语态的用法
1.基本用法
(1)表示现在正在进行或发生的被动动作,常与now、right now、at present、at the moment等时间状语连用。
She is being examined by the doctor now.
她现在正在接受医生的检查。
Look! The children are being taken care of by their aunt.
看!孩子们正由他们的姑妈照顾。
(2)表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作,在此时此刻不一定正在发生。
A new factory is being built.
一座新的工厂正在建设中。
They are being taught English at present.
目前他们正在被教英语。
(3)表示经常性或习惯性的被动行为,常与always、often等词连用,往往带有赞扬、责备、厌烦或埋怨等感彩。
Tom is always being praised by the teacher.
汤姆总是被老师表扬。
He is often being bullied by other boys.
他经常被别的男孩子欺负。
2.特殊用法
(1)“be+under/in/on+n.”的结构可以表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。
The problem is under discussion now.= The problem is being discussed now.
这个问题正在讨论中。
(2)少数及物动词的进行时的被动语态表示某物按计划、安排将要进行的一个被动动作。
Some rock music is being played by them next.
下面将由他们演奏一些摇滚音乐。
(3)含情态动词的现在进行时的被动语态表示对现在正在发生的被动行为的推测。
John is not here. He must be being interviewed.
约翰不在这里,他一定正在接受采访。
探究点2 现在完成时的被动语态
自主探究
观察下面两组句子,体会现在完成时的被动语态的用法。
Group A
We have finished the homework.
我们已经完成了家庭作业。
Many visitors have visited the Great Wall.
许多游客参观过长城。
Mike has seen two films since last month.
从上个月以来,迈克已经看了两部电影。
The Russian government has turned these palaces into museums.
俄罗斯政府已经把这些宫殿变成了博物馆。
Group B
The homework has been finished by us.
家庭作业已经被我们完成了。
The Great Wall has been visited by many visitors.
长城被许多游客参观过。
Two films have been seen by Mike since last month.
从上个月以来,两部电影被迈克看过了。
These palaces have been turned into museums by the Russian government.
这些宫殿已经被俄罗斯政府变成了博物馆。
我的发现
通过观察以上句子,我们发现这两组句子都使用了现在完成时态,其中A组句子强调动作的执行者,是 语态, 结构为“ ”;B组句子强调动作的承受者, 是 语态,结构为“ ”。现在完成时的被动语态表示被动的动作在说话以前已经完成,强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
答案 主动;have/has done; 被动; have/has been done
一、现在完成时的被动语态的结构
1.肯定句:主语+have/has+been+done+其他
The streets are clear, and many houses have been rebuilt.
街道是整洁的,许多房屋已经被重建。
The books have been borrowed by the teacher.
这些书已经被这位老师借走了。
So far the novel has been translated into five languages.
到目前为止,这部小说已被翻译成五种语言(版本)。
2.否定句:主语+ have / has + not + been +done+其他
The bike hasn't been repaired yet.
这辆自行车还没有被修理。
She hasn't been heard from since then.
从那以后就没有听到她的消息了。
3.一般疑问句:Have / Has +主语+been+done+其他
—Have these clothes been washed
这些衣服洗过了吗
—Yes, they have.
是的,洗过了。
—Has our dinner been cooked
我们的晚餐做好了吗
—No,it hasn't.
不,还没有。
4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + have / has +主语+ been+done+其他
How long has your computer been used
你的电脑用多久了
How many new words have been learned by the students
这些学生已经学会了多少新单词
二、使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题
1.注意与一般过去时的被动语态的区别
一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候,其结果对现在没有影响;而现在完成时的被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去,但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果。
The house was built last year.
这房子是去年建造的。(侧重动作发生在过去)
The house has been built.
这房子已经建好了。(侧重现在有房子供使用)
2.副词的位置
often、 usually、 always、 never、 hardly、 seldom等副词置于have / has和been中间。
[误]Such a man has been hardly believed.
[正]Such a man has hardly been believed.
3.并不是所有动词(短语)都有被动语态。happen、 take place、 break out、 belong to、 cost、 last等不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态
[误]Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978.
[正]Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.
4.open、 break、 drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态
[误]The door has been opened of itself.
[正]The door has opened of itself.
5.动词短语的现在完成时的被动语态中,不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词
[误]The patients have been taken good care.
[正]The patients have been taken good care of.
【随堂检测】
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.The high-speed railway between Beijing and Zhangjiakou (build) at present.
2.Now young people (encourage) to think carefully about their future plans by their parents and teachers.
3.More than 100 famous films (show) in the city since July.
4.Up to now,no conclusion (reach) about who the first prize should go to.
5.The bridge (repair) at present, so we will have to choose another route.
6.The school library (decorate) these days, so you can't borrow any books from it.
7.How many cars (build) in the factory since 1990
8.It's the first time that the old computer (check) since I bought it.
9.It is said that laws (introduce) next year to protect ancient relics.
10.Most of the wells in this village (pollute) up to now.
答案 1.is being built 2.are being encouraged 3.have been shown 4.has been reached 5.is being repaired 6.is being decorated 7.have been built 8.has been checked 9.will be introduced 10.have been polluted
Ⅱ.把下列句子变成被动语态
1.People are using music therapy to treat different medical conditions and illnesses.
→ by people to treat different medical conditions and illnesses.
2.We have built a new library and a gymnasium in our school this year.
→ in our school by us this year.
3.They are designing a new system to give students easy access to the digital resources of the library.
→ to give students easy access to the digital resources of the library.
4.The government has spent a lot of money on the Hope Project.
→ on the Hope Project by the government.
5.They are carrying out many interesting experiments these days.
→ by them these days.
6.The volunteers have planted thousands of trees along the river in the past few days.
→ along the river by the volunteers in the past few days.
7.They are not protecting some animals well enough.
→ well enough by them.
8.They look very happy because they have solved the difficult problems.
→They look very happy because by them.
答案 1.Music therapy is being used 2.A new library and a gymnasium have been built 3.A new system is being designed by them 4.A lot of money has been spent 5.Many interesting experiments are being carried out 6.Thousands of trees have been planted 7.Some animals are not being protected 8. the difficult problems have been solved
Ⅲ.单句写作
1.I , so I cannot go to the cinema at present.
我现在在接受治疗,所以不能去看电影。
2.Since , you can use mine.
既然你的电脑正在修理,你可以用我的。
3.A great many fine cars since the technological revolution.
自技术革命以来,这家汽车厂生产了大量优质汽车。
4.The construction of the new railway lines .
到现在为止,新铁路线的建设已经完成。
5. at such a speed that they will disappear soon.
这些动物被猎杀的速度如此之快,很快就会消失。
6.A plan to help the children in this area at the meeting.
会议上已经制订了一项帮助这一地区儿童的计划。
答案 1.am being treated 2.your computer is being repaired 3.have been produced by the car factory 4.has been finished by now 5.These animals are being hunted and killed 6.has been made
2(共35张PPT)
UNIT 2 Be sporty, be healthy
Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要语言点的基本用法。（语言能力）
2.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化所学语言点,并学以致用。（学习能力）
3.通过对教材的理解,掌握现在进行时的被动语态和现在完成时的被动语态的用法。（语言能力）
核心单词
知识点1 announce vt. 宣布；宣告；通知＊announcement n. 通告；宣告 ＊announcer n. 播音员；广播员
（P20）We are happy to announce that the Community Sports Centre will soon be open to the public once again!
我们很高兴地宣布,社区体育中心很快将再次向公众开放!
知识拓展
announce sth to sb 向某人宣告某事
It is announced that... 据宣布……
make an announcement 宣布；发布通告
经典佳句
The announcer made an announcement that all the details should be announced through the broadcast.
广播员宣称所有的细节都应通过广播宣布出来。
名师点拨
动词announce后不跟双宾语,表示“向某人宣布某事”时应该说announce sth to sb,类似用法的单词还有suggest、 explain、 report、 say等。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）It is wise to announce the news ___the public.
to
（2）It ______________（announce） that only when the fire was under control
would the residents be permitted to return to their homes.
was announced
知识点2 replace vt. 用……替换；代替；取代；更换；更新＊replacement n.更换； 替换
（P20）In response to public interest, our aerobics class has been replaced with several fun options, including modern dance.
为了满足公众的喜好,我们的有氧运动课程已经被一些有趣的课程取代,包括现代舞。
知识拓展
replace A with B 用B来替换A
be replaced by...被……取代
图解释义
Teachers will never be replaced by computers in the classroom.
课堂上电脑永远不会取代老师。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）They replaced the permanent staff _____part-timers.
with
（2）Nervousness and fear were replaced ____joy.
by
Ⅱ.单句写作
（3）He will be difficult__________when he leaves.
他离开后,他的位置很难有人接替。
to replace
（4）Our old car is badly_____________________.
我们的旧车急需更换。
in need of replacement
短语句式
知识点3 in response to对……做出反应；作为对……的回复
（P20）In response to public interest, our aerobics class has been replaced with several fun options, including modern dance.
为了满足公众的喜好,我们的有氧运动课程已经被一些有趣的课程取代,包括现代舞。
知识拓展
make no response 没有回应
respond to 做出回应
respond with... 用……回应
经典佳句
The products were developed in response to customers' demands.
这些产品是为了满足客户的需求而开发的。
You can rely on him to respond to a challenge.
你可以信赖他，他懂得应付挑战。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）These graphs can even change during execution, in response ___important events
in the computation.
to
（2）The mother responded to her child_____a smile.
with
Ⅱ.单句写作
（3）_________________________, I hope the following information will be of use.
针对你的询问，我希望以下信息有用。
In response to your inquiry
（4）She _________________and went on with her movie.
她没有任何回应，继续看电影。
made no response
现在进行时的被动语态和现在完成时的被动语态
探究点1 现在进行时的被动语态
自主探究
阅读下列句子,并注意黑体部分的用法。
1.African elephants are being hunted.
2.What is being done to help them
3.What measures are being taken to help them
我的发现
以上句子谓语动词的形式均为______________,为______________________的结构。
be+being+done
现在进行时的被动语态
一、现在进行时的被动语态的含义与结构
1.现在进行时的被动语态表示正在进行的被动动作发生在说话人说话时或现阶段。
2.现在进行时的被动语态的构成:be+being+done （过去分词）。be being done 中的be动词应随主语作相应的变化。
注意:现在进行时的被动语态中不能漏掉being。
二、现在进行时的被动语态的形式
现在进行时的被动语态的主要形式有肯定式、否定式、疑问式。它们的具体构成如下:
肯定式:主语+am/is/are+being done
否定式:主语+am/is/are+not+being done
一般疑问式:Am/Is/Are（+not）+主语+being done
特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+am/is/are（+not）+being done
An antelope sadly said,“We are being killed for the wool beneath our stomachs.”
一只羚羊伤心地说:“我们因我们腹下的羊毛而正被杀害。”
The tiger is not being set free at present.
目前这只老虎没有被放出来。
Are Milu deer being sent to their hometown
麋鹿正被运往它们的家乡吗
What is being done for the Milu deer
现在正在为麋鹿做些什么呢
三、现在进行时的被动语态的用法
1.基本用法
（1）表示现在正在进行或发生的被动动作,常与now、right now、at present、at the moment等时间状语连用。
She is being examined by the doctor now.
她现在正在接受医生的检查。
Look! The children are being taken care of by their aunt.
看!孩子们正由他们的姑妈照顾。
（2）表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作,在此时此刻不一定正在发生。
A new factory is being built.
一座新的工厂正在建设中。
They are being taught English at present.
目前他们正在被教英语。
（3）表示经常性或习惯性的被动行为,常与always、often等词连用,往往带有赞扬、责备、厌烦或埋怨等感彩。
Tom is always being praised by the teacher.
汤姆总是被老师表扬。
He is often being bullied by other boys.
他经常被别的男孩子欺负。
2.特殊用法
（1）“be+under/in/on+n.”的结构可以表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。
The problem is under discussion now.= The problem is being discussed now.
这个问题正在讨论中。
（2）少数及物动词的进行时的被动语态表示某物按计划、安排将要进行的一个被动动作。
Some rock music is being played by them next.
下面将由他们演奏一些摇滚音乐。
（3）含情态动词的现在进行时的被动语态表示对现在正在发生的被动行为的推测。
John is not here. He must be being interviewed.
约翰不在这里,他一定正在接受采访。
探究点2 现在完成时的被动语态
自主探究
观察下面两组句子,体会现在完成时的被动语态的用法。
Group A
We have finished the homework.
我们已经完成了家庭作业。
Many visitors have visited the Great Wall.
许多游客参观过长城。
Mike has seen two films since last month.
从上个月以来,迈克已经看了两部电影。
The Russian government has turned these palaces into museums.
俄罗斯政府已经把这些宫殿变成了博物馆。
Group B
The homework has been finished by us.
家庭作业已经被我们完成了。
The Great Wall has been visited by many visitors.
长城被许多游客参观过。
Two films have been seen by Mike since last month.
从上个月以来,两部电影被迈克看过了。
These palaces have been turned into museums by the Russian government.
这些宫殿已经被俄罗斯政府变成了博物馆。
我的发现
通过观察以上句子,我们发现这两组句子都使用了现在完成时态,其中A组句子强调
动作的执行者,是______语态, 结构为“______________”；B组句子强调动作的承受者,
是______语态,结构为“__________________”。现在完成时的被动语态表示被动的动作
在说话以前已经完成,强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
主动
have/has done
被动
have/has been done
一、现在完成时的被动语态的结构
1.肯定句:主语+have/has+been+done+其他
The streets are clear, and many houses have been rebuilt.
街道是整洁的,许多房屋已经被重建。
The books have been borrowed by the teacher.
这些书已经被这位老师借走了。
So far the novel has been translated into five languages.
到目前为止,这部小说已被翻译成五种语言（版本）。
2.否定句:主语+ have / has + not + been +done+其他
The bike hasn't been repaired yet.
这辆自行车还没有被修理。
She hasn't been heard from since then.
从那以后就没有听到她的消息了。
3.一般疑问句:Have / Has +主语+been+done+其他
—Have these clothes been washed
这些衣服洗过了吗
—Yes, they have.
是的,洗过了。
—Has our dinner been cooked
我们的晚餐做好了吗
—No,it hasn't.
不,还没有。
4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + have / has +主语+ been+done+其他
How long has your computer been used
你的电脑用多久了
How many new words have been learned by the students
这些学生已经学会了多少新单词
二、使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题
1.注意与一般过去时的被动语态的区别
一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候,其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时的被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去,但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果。
The house was built last year.
这房子是去年建造的。（侧重动作发生在过去）
The house has been built.
这房子已经建好了。（侧重现在有房子供使用）
2.副词的位置
often、 usually、 always、 never、 hardly、 seldom等副词置于have / has和been中间。
［误］Such a man has been hardly believed.
［正］Such a man has hardly been believed.
3.并不是所有动词（短语）都有被动语态。happen、 take place、 break out、 belong to、 cost、 last等不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态
［误］Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978.
［正］Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.
4.open、 break、 drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态
［误］The door has been opened of itself.
［正］The door has opened of itself.
5.动词短语的现在完成时的被动语态中,不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词
［误］The patients have been taken good care.
［正］The patients have been taken good care of.
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.The high-speed railway between Beijing and Zhangjiakou _____________（build）
at present.
is being built
2.Now young people ____________________ （encourage） to think carefully about
their future plans by their parents and teachers.
are being encouraged
3.More than 100 famous films ________________ （show） in the city since July.
have been shown
4.Up to now,no conclusion ________________ （reach） about who the first prize
should go to.
has been reached
5.The bridge ________________ （repair） at present, so we will have to choose
another route.
is being repaired
6.The school library _________________ （decorate） these days, so you can't
borrow any books from it.
is being decorated
7.How many cars _______________ （build） in the factory since 1990
have been built
8.It's the first time that the old computer _________________ （check） since I
bought it.
has been checked
9.It is said that laws _________________ （introduce） next year to protect ancient
relics.
will be introduced
10.Most of the wells in this village __________________ （pollute） up to now.
have been polluted
Ⅱ.把下列句子变成被动语态
1.People are using music therapy to treat different medical conditions and illnesses.
→__________________________ by people to treat different medical conditions and
illnesses.
Music therapy is being used
2.We have built a new library and a gymnasium in our school this year.
→____________________________________________ in our school by us this year.
A new library and a gymnasium have been built
3.They are designing a new system to give students easy access to the digital
resources of the library.
→______________________________________ to give students easy access to the
digital resources of the library.
A new system is being designed by them
4.The government has spent a lot of money on the Hope Project.
→_____________________________ on the Hope Project by the government.
A lot of money has been spent
5.They are carrying out many interesting experiments these days.
→______________________________________________ by them these days.
Many interesting experiments are being carried out
6.The volunteers have planted thousands of trees along the river in the past few days.
→__________________________________ along the river by the volunteers in the
past few days.
Thousands of trees have been planted
7.They are not protecting some animals well enough.
→__________________________________ well enough by them.
Some animals are not being protected
8.They look very happy because they have solved the difficult problems.
→They look very happy because ____________________________________ by them.
the difficult problems have been solved
Ⅲ.单句写作
1.I ________________, so I cannot go to the cinema at present.
我现在在接受治疗，所以不能去看电影。
am being treated
2.Since _____________________________, you can use mine.
既然你的电脑正在修理，你可以用我的。
your computer is being repaired
3.A great many fine cars ___________________________________ since the
technological revolution.
自技术革命以来，这家汽车厂生产了大量优质汽车。
have been produced by the car factory
4.The construction of the new railway lines ________________________.
到现在为止，新铁路线的建设已经完成。
has been finished by now
5.______________________________________ at such a speed that they will disappear
soon.
这些动物被猎杀的速度如此之快，很快就会消失。
These animals are being hunted and killed
6.A plan to help the children in this area ______________ at the meeting.
会议上已经制订了一项帮助这一地区儿童的计划。
has been made
