中考英语专项训练——冠词
一、单选题
1.——The twins look almost the same.
——They are similar_______ many ways though they are brought up_______ different families.
A.to; in B.in; in C.in; from D.from; with
2.Mr Green is very strict his students, and he is also strict his work.
A.in; with B.with; in C.with; with D.in; in
3.—Excuse me, is your cousin engineer in the factory
—No, she is a worker.
A.a B.the C.an
4.— How was _____ English test yesterday
— Oh , I got_______ “A”.
A.an; an B.the; an C.the; the D.an; the
5.—Have you received your delivery(快递)
—Yes, I signed it ____.
A.in silence B.in fact C.in public D.in person
6.___________________ having a pen pal, there're many other ways to practice your writing.
A.Besides B.Except C.With D.By
7.Tom likes playing _____volleyball, and his sister likes playing______ piano.
A.a; a B. the ; the C./;the D.the ;/
8.He found _________ difficult to improve his English __________ the teacher's help.
A.it is; without B.it was; with
C.it; without D.that is; with
9. Chinese tea culture started about 4,000 years ago. Nowadays drinking tea has become ____daily habit in China.
A.a B.an C.the
10.I want to be astronaut instead of pilot.
A.a; a B.an; a C.a; an D.the; a
11.I believe he will be back two weeks.
A.what ; after B.what ; in C.that; in D.that; after
12.He thought the necklace made of earth ____ little value and let me have it only ____ one dollar.
A.with; for B.of; for C.of; by D.with; by
13.Although he is a__________ boy, he can speak three languages. He is going to learn ___________fourth one next month.
A.twelve-year-old; a B.twelve-years-old; the
C.twelve-years-old; an D.twelve year old; a
14.The Qingming Festival which is also called______Pure Brightness Festival, falls on April 5 every year, it is______time-honored tradition(悠久的传统) for the Chinese to honor their ancestors.
A.The; a B./; the C.The; the D./; a
15.—The service is very wonderful and the weather is quite fine.
—Yes, this holiday is so great, we have never had ______ before.
A.the better one B.a good one C.a better one D.the best one
16.They usually go to the library _____ the lunch break.
A.against B.among C.during
17.Tina has read a lot of Mark Twain's books, __________ The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.
A.against B.among C.beside D.including
18.China is _______ Asian country, while the UK is _______ European country.
A.a, a B.an, a C.an, an D.a, an
19.Doctor Zhang, an honest expert on subject, will give us a lecture on nation wide water shortage next Friday.
A.the; / B.the; the C.a; / D.a; the
20.He tried his best to find a wonderful place to ________.
A.live B.live for C.live with
二、完形填空
21.完形填空
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后在各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出一个最佳选项。
It was a cold January in 1925 in Nome, Alaska. The town was (1) from the rest of the world because of heavy snow.
On the 20th of that month, Dr. Welch (2) a sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly infectious disease mainly affecting children. The children of Nome would be (3) if it spread the town. Dr.Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick. (4) , the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away, in Anchorage.
How could the medicine get to Nome Cars and horses couldn't travel on the (5) roads. (6) January 26, Billy and three other children had died. Twenty more were (7) .
Nome'stown officials came up with a(n) (8) . They would have the medicine sent by train from Anchorage to Nenana. From there, dogsled(狗拉雪橇) drivers—known a"mushers"—would (9) it to Nome in a relay(接力).
The race began on January 27. The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night. (10) he handed the medicine to the next musher, Shannon's face was black from the extreme cold.
On January 31, a musher named Seppala had to (11) a frozen body of water called Norton Sound. It was the most (12) part of the journey. Norton Sound was covered with ice,which could sometimes break up without warning. If that happened, Seppala might fall into the icy water below. He would (13) , and so would the sick children of Nome.
A huge snowstorm hit on February 1. The only hope was Balto, Kaasen's lead dog. Balto put his nose to the ground, (14) to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail. If Balto failed, it would mean disaster for Nome. Ten minutes passed by. Suddenly, Balto began to run. He had found the trail.
At 5:30 am on February 2,Kaasen and his dogs arrived in Nome. Dr.Welch had the medicine. He quickly gave it to the sick children. All of them recovered. Nome had been (15) .
(1)A.cut off B.cut down C.cut away D.cut up
(2)A.examined B.warned C.interviewed D.treated
(3)A.harmless B.helpless C.fearless D.careless
(4)A.Whatever B.Also C.Instead D.However
(5)A.narrow B.snowy C.busy D.dirty
(6)A.From B.On C.By D.After
(7)A.tired B.upset C.pale D.sick
(8)A.idea B.excuse C.message D.topic
(9)A.carry B.return C.mail D.give
(10)A.Though B.Since C.When D.If
(11)A. enter B.move C.visit D.cross
(12)A.shameful B.boring C.dangerous D.foolish
(13)A.escape B.bleed C.swim D.die
(14)A.pretending B.trying C.asking D.learning
(15)A.controlled B.saved C.founded D.developed
三、语法填空
22.What you said has shed some new light the question. (介词填空)
23. Harry would experiment the perfume in front of his visitors who expressed doubt or surprise.
24.Historians writing about the distant past have a difficult task because they have only scanty data their disposal. (介词填空)
25. Judging by her letter, she seems to be the best person the position.
26. I soon realized that the book I was reading was me. It was too difficult.
27. My aunt bought a curiously-shaped vase and kept it permanent display in his drawing room.
28. My sister's face lit up when her mother came back carrying a huge bouquet of beautiful roses her hands.
29.Mobile phones are used many people.
30. recently historians assumed that calendars came into being with the advent of agriculture. (介词填空)
四、选词填空(单句)
31. To our , it suddenly began to rain so heavily.
32.There is a bridge a river in front of our village. (above/ over/ on)
33.My mother always dresses (in/on) a blue coat.
34.Zheng He died (of/ for) illness on his way home in 1433.
35.There are many kinds of fruits, (except/including) apples and peaches.
五、语法填空(单句)
36.We must help the people need if we have the chance to do so.
37.It is very kind Lisa to help me with my Maths.
38.We
should protect the trees being
cut down.
39.—Lily is coming by plane tomorrow.
—Let's go to airport to meet her.
答案解析部分
1.【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意:这对双胞胎几乎看起来是一样的。- 虽然他们在不同的家庭被带大,但是他们在许多方面是相似的。在某方面,有介词in,在家庭中有介词in.根据句意,故选B。
【点评】考查介词用法。
2.【答案】B
【解析】【分析】考查固定句型的用法。句意:格林先生对学生非常严格,他对工作也很严格。be strict with sb.对某人要求严格be strict in sth.对做某事严格 固定用法,故选B。
3.【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意:——请问,你表弟是工厂的工程师吗?——不,她是一个工人。不定冠词a/an修饰单数名词表泛指,a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于以元音音素开头的单词前;定冠词the表特指。根据句意可知这里是泛指,engineer(工程师)是以元音音素开头的单数名词,需用不定冠词an表泛指;故答案为C。
【点评】考查不定冠词。注意识记不定冠的用法。
4.【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意:昨天的英语考试怎么样?——哦,我得了个“A”。结合语境可知上文特指昨天的英语考试,故用定冠词。下文泛指任何一次“A”,故用不定冠词,字母A的音素是元音,故不定冠词用an,选B。
【点评】冠词是一种虚词,一般用于名词前面表示特指或者泛指某一个。冠词的应用都用一定规则,熟记这些规则是解题的关键。不定冠词用在名词前,表示泛指任何一个。定冠词用在名词前表示特指某一个。在专有名词及表示泛指的复数名词前一般不要冠词,叫做零冠词。需注意的是不定冠词的用法是看词首音素,不是看首字母,如:useful首字母是元音,但是词首音素是辅音,故不定冠词用a;hour首字母是辅音,但是词首音素是元音,故用冠词an。
5.【答案】D
【解析】【分析】句意:——你收到你的快递了吗?——是的,我亲自签收了。in silence默默地;in fact事实上;in public公开地;in person亲自。此处表示亲自签收。故选D。
【点评】考查介词短语辨析。注意空处应准确表达亲自签收快递这一动作。
6.【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意:除了有笔友外,还有很多方法来练习你的写作。besides除了......还有;except除......外;with和.....一起;by通过,根据 there're many other ways to practice your writing. 可知此处是除了......还有,故选A。
【点评】考查介词辨析。根据上下文的联系确定所使用的介词。
7.【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意:Tom喜欢打排球,他的姐姐喜欢弹钢琴。球类前不加任何冠词,乐器前加定冠词the。故选C。
【点评】考查冠词的辨析。
8.【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意:他发现没有老师的帮助提高英语是困难的。find it+形容词+to do sth.发现做某事是怎样的,with有;without没有,根据句意可知没有老师的帮助是困难的,故选C。
【点评】考查固定搭配,注意识记,理解句意。
9.【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意:中国茶文化大约始于4000年前。如今,在中国,喝茶已成为一种日常习惯。A.一个,泛指,后接辅音音素开头的可数名词单数;B.一个,泛指,后接元音音素开头的可数名词单数;C.这个,特指。根据可数名词habit,以及以辅音音素开头的的形容词daily,可知应用不定冠词a,泛指"一个"。故选A。
【点评】考查冠词。注意熟记动词become"成为":第三人称单数: becomes;现在分词: becoming;过去式: became;过去分词: become。
10.【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意:我想当宇航员而不是飞行员。不定冠词a/an,后接可数名词单数,表示数量“一”,元音音素前用an,辅音音素前用a,astronaut元音音素开头,用an;pilot辅音音素开头,用a,定冠词the,表示特指,故选B。
【点评】考查冠词。掌握不定冠词和定冠词的区别,正确使用不定冠词a/an。
11.【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意: 我相信他在两周后会回来。believe后是宾语从句,宾语从句句子结构完整,用that引导;after在……以后,后面接时间点;in在……后,后面接时间段;two weeks是时间段,前面用介词in。故选C。
【点评】考查宾语从句和介词,注意that引导的宾语从句和介词in的用法。
12.【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意:他认为这条用土做的项链价值不高,只让我花一美元买。of+抽象名词=相应的形容词:of little value=invaluable,没有价值的;have sth for+价钱,花多少钱买某物,for+价钱,故选B。
【点评】考查介词辨析,识记of+抽象名词的用法。
13.【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意:虽然他是一个12岁的男孩,但他会说三种语言。下个月他要学第四个。第一空后是名词,要用形容词,表示“几岁的”要用“基数词-year-old”;根据“three”和“fourth one”可知应该是第四种语言,要用不定冠词a,故选A。
【点评】考查复合形容词和不定冠词,注意识记“基数词-year-old”和不定冠词的用法。
14.【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意:也被叫做清明节的清明节,在每年的四月五日,对于中国人来说是纪念他们的祖先的一个悠久的传统.结合语境可知前一空特指某个节日,故用定冠词.后一空泛指任何一个悠久的传统,故选A.
【点评】冠词是一种虚词,一般用于名词前面表示特指或者泛指某一个。冠词的应用都用一定规则,熟记这些规则是解题的关键。不定冠词用在名词前,表示泛指任何一个。定冠词用在名词前表示特指某一个。在专有名词及表示泛指的复数名词前一般不要冠词,叫做零冠词。需注意的是不定冠词的用法是看词首音素,不是看首字母,如:useful首字母是元音,但是词首音素时辅音,故不定冠词用a;hour首字母是辅音,但是词首音素是元音,故用冠词an。
15.【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意:——服务很好,天气很好。——是的,这个假期太棒了,我从没有过过比这更好的。根据句意可知,这个假期是非常棒的,我过的假期没有一个比这个会更好的了。所以应使用比较级,故排除BD,更好的一个假期是泛指,而不是特指,因此应使用不定冠词a,故答案是C。
【点评】考查形容词的比较级,注意结合语境思考问题并解决问题。
16.【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意:他们通常在午休时期去读书馆。against反对,违反 ;among在……中间(多指人和事物);during在......期间(多跟时间段)。根据the lunch break可知,表示时间段。故选C。
【点评】考查介词辨析。注意识记among,during的词义和使用对象。
17.【答案】D
【解析】【分析】句意:蒂娜读了很多马克·吐温的书,包括《汤姆·索耶历险记》。A.反对,B.在……之中,C.在……旁边,D.包括。根据 Tina has read a lot of Mark Twain's books 蒂娜读了很多马克·吐温的书,《汤姆·索耶历险记》也是马克·吐温的书,因此是包括including。故选D。
【点评】考查介词辨析。注意熟记介词including“包括”。
18.【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意:中国是一个亚洲国家,而英国是一个欧洲国家。Asian亚洲,以元音音素开头,前面用不定冠词an,表示数量“一”;European欧洲的,以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a,表示数量“一”,故选B。
【点评】考查不定冠词用法。注意掌握不定冠词的使用规则。
19.【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意:张博士,这个课题的一个诚实的专家,下周五将会给我们作一个关于全国性缺水的讲座。第一个空特指那个课题,应用定冠词the;第二空当以现在为时间背景来谈论下周、下月、明年等将来时间,应不使用冠词。故选A。
【点评】考查定冠词和零冠词。注意零冠词的使用情况。
20.【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意:他尽最大努力找到一个很好的住处。A: live,居住,动词。B: live for,以……为生活的目的。C: live with,和……居住。动词不定式作定语修饰名词,把被修饰的名词看作是动词的逻辑宾语,即: live in the place。当被修饰的词是room和place时,动词后的介词可以省略。故选A。
【点评】考查动词短语中介词辨析。注意介词的用法,构成短语时,短语意思会有较大区别。
21.【答案】(1)A;(2)A;(3)B;(4)D;(5)B;(6)C;(7)D;(8)A;(9)A;(10)C;(11)D;(12)C;(13)D;(14)B;(15)B
【解析】【分析】文章讲述了一个人们接力运送药物来救患病儿童的感人故事。1925年1月份的阿拉斯加北部极其寒冷,由于大雪,诺姆小镇与外界隔绝了。雪上加霜的是,那里的孩子患上了一种致命的传染病——白喉。为了拯救孩子们,人们接力运送药品到诺姆。最终,人们通过狗拉的雪橇把药物送到了诺姆。
(1)考查动词词组。句意:"这个小镇因为大雪与世界的其他国家……"A项"cut off "切断;B项"cut down "消减;C项"cut away"切掉;D项"cut up"切碎。结合heavy snow,可知小镇因为大雪切断了与外界联系的通道。
(2)考查动词。A项"examined"检查;B项"warned "警告;C项"interviewed"面试;D项"treated"治疗。代入各个选项后,联系上下文,可知,医生是检查过男孩以后发现他得了病。故选A。
(3)考查形容词。A项"harmless"无害的;B项"helpless"无望的;C项"fearless "不怕的;D项"careless"粗心的。结合选项意义,代入后,联系上下文可知,如果白喉这种病传播,孩子们将毫无希望。故选B。
(4)考查副词。句意:医生要尽快阻止其他孩子生病……最近的供应站有1000英里远。由句意的,空白处两边呈转折意义,故用转折词,故选D。
(5)考查形容词。句意:在这……的公路上,汽车和马不能行走。由前文可知,这个小镇下了很大的雪。目前马和汽车都不能够行走,故可推测这条公路被大雪覆盖。故选B。
(6)考查介词辨析。A项 From从,自;B项 On在……上面;C项 By通过,在……之前;D项 After在……之后。"by+时间"与完成时连用,后跟过去的时间,用过去完成时;跟将来的时间,用将来完成时,故选C。
(7)考查形容词辨析。A项 tired劳累的;B项 upset难过的;C项 pale苍白的;D.项 sick生病的。句意:四个孩子相继去世,还有20几个患病,故选D。
(8)考查名词。句意:当地官员想到了一个…… A.项 idea 想法;B项 excuse借口;C项 message信息;D项 topic话题。由后文可知,当地官员想到了一个办法。结合选项,故选A。
(9)考查动词辨析。句意:然后再由乘坐狗拉的雪橇的人把药物接力送到Nome。A项 carry运送,携带;B项 return返回,归还;C项 mail邮寄;D项give给
结合选项意义,代入句子中,A项更符合句意。故选A。
(10)考查时间状语从句。句意:当他把药物交给下一个人时,他的脸已经被冻得乌青。A项 Though虽然;B项 Since因为,自从;C项 When当;D项 If 如果。结合选项,故选C。
(11)考查动词。A项 enter进入;B项 move移动;C项visit拜访;D项 cross穿过。根据"Norton Sound was covered with ice"可知,Norton Sound是一片冰冻的水域,Seppala必须穿过这片水域,故选D。
(12)考查形容词辨析。A项shameful惭愧的;B项 boring令人厌烦的;C项 dangerous危险的;D项 foolish愚蠢的。根据"which could sometimes break up without warning"可知,这是旅途最难,最危险的一部分,故选C。
(13)考查动词辨析。A项 escape逃跑;B项 bleed流血;C项 swim游泳;D项 die死亡。结合上下文得,如果掉进寒冷的水中,Seppala会被冻死,Nome的病童们也会死,故选D。
(14)考查动词。句意:……找到其他狗的气味来追踪。A项 pretending假装;B项 trying 试着;C项 asking 询问;D项 learning学习。"try to do"属固定搭配,意为努力做某事。故选B。
(15)考查动词。句意:他们全都恢复了健康,Nome得到了…… A项 controlled;B项 saved拯救;C项 founded 发现:D项 developed发展。根据全文可知,小镇上的人得到了拯救。故选B。
【点评】本文考查了动词,副词,从句等。做题的关键是在理解短文的基础上,灵活运用所学的基础知识。平常在学习中牢固掌握知识点,并联系上下文选择正确的选项。
22.【答案】on
23.【答案】with
24.【答案】at
25.【答案】for
26.【答案】beyond
27.【答案】on
28.【答案】in
29.【答案】by
【解析】【分析】句意:手机被很多人使用。根据Mobile phones are used和many people.可知many people是动作执行者,做by(由,被)的宾语,be used by被……使用,故答案为by。
【点评】考查简单介词。识记介词by的意义和用法。
30.【答案】Until
31.【答案】surprise
【解析】【分析】句意:使我们吃惊的是,天突然下起了这么大的雨。根据句子it suddenly began to rain so heavily. 天突然下起了这么大的雨。可知此处是指使我们吃惊的是,介词短语to one's surprise,令某人惊讶的是,可知此处应用surprise,故答案为surprise。
【点评】考查介词短语,注意识记介词短语to one's surprise的用法,写出正确答案。
32.【答案】over
【解析】【分析】 句意: 我们村前面的河上有一座桥。 above表示位置高于某人或某物,既可以是正上方,也可能是斜上方;over表示在某人或某物的正上方;on表示在一物体的表面上,两者相接触,此处表示桥在河上,是正上方,有覆盖的意思,故填over。
【点评】考查选词填空。注意over表示在某人或某物的正上方。
33.【答案】in
【解析】【分析】句意:我妈妈总是穿蓝色大衣。in,介词,在,穿着;on,介词,在……上、关于;dress,动词,穿衣,固定搭配dress in+颜色+衣服,穿……颜色衣服,故填 in。
【点评】考查介词辨析、固定搭配。识记介词in、on的用法,掌握短语dress in。
34.【答案】of
【解析】【分析】句意:在1433年回国的途中,郑和死于疾病。短语:die of死于;die for为……献身。根据句意,故答案为of。
【点评】考查介词辨析,熟记固定短语。
35.【答案】including
【解析】【分析】句意:有很多种水果,包括苹果和桃子。except除了......不包括;including包括。根据There are many kinds of fruits有很多种水果,可知指的是包括苹果和桃子,所以用including,故填including。
【点评】考查介词辨析,首先识记including和except的区别,然后根据句意确定介词。
36.【答案】in
【解析】【分析】句意:如果有机会,我们必须帮助有需要的人。根据 We must help the people 我们必须帮助人们,可知是帮助有需要的人,应用介词短语in need“有需要的”,作名词people的后置定语。故答案为:in。
【点评】考查介词短语。注意熟记介词短语in need“有需要的”。
37.【答案】of
【解析】【分析】句意:丽莎帮我学数学,真是太好了。固定句式it is+adj.+of sb. to do sth.,某人做某事是怎么样的(指某人的品质等),根据形容词kind“好的”,以及Lisa,可知指Lisa的品质,应用介词of。故答案为:of。
【点评】考查固定搭配。注意熟记固定句式it is+adj.+of sb. to do sth.某人做某事是怎么样的(指某人的品质等)。
38.【答案】against
【解析】【分析】句意:我们应该保护树木不被砍伐。根据句意可知是阻止树被砍,against防备,介词;protect…against,保护……免受,固定搭配,故答案为against。
【点评】考查介词。注意识记介词against的用法。
39.【答案】/;the
【解析】【分析】句意:—— 莉莉明天将乘飞机来。 ——我们去机场接她吧。by plane乘飞机,介词短语;第二空表特指,用定冠词the。故填/,the。
【点评】考查冠词,注意介词短语by plane和定冠词the表特指的用法。
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