人教版（2019）必修第二册Unit 4 History and Traditions Discovering Useful Structures 课件(共71张PPT)

(共71张PPT)
Grammar
Unit 4 History and Traditions
皇上不可能不要后宫了，于是解决办法是——
1. I plan to attend the meeting.
2.An apple wrapped by a beautiful box can be sent to your relatives and friends, expressing your blessings.
3. Seeing Mr. Cai dressed in Santa Claus costume made you burst into laughter.
4. Unfolding the Christmas stocking, the little boy felt desperately frustrated.
make sb（to）do
doing
done
to do
目的、将来
主动、正在
被动、完成
（过去分词作定语、宾语补足语）
The Past Participle as the
Attributive and object complement
What is the Attributive and object complement
定语：
用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。
汉语翻译中中常用，“......的”表示。
定语
6. Mother made a birthday cake for me．
4. Lucy's father is a poor worker．
5. We belong to the third world.
3. My brother is a teacher.
2. They live in the room above.
1. It‘s a red car. The girl present is my sister.
（形容词）
(副词）
（代词）
（数词）
（名词所有格/形容词）
（名词）
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：
+
直接宾语（名词或代词）
+
宾语补足语
Everyone calls him Tom.
(宾语)
(宾补)
(主语)
(谓语)
宾语补足语一般放在宾语_________, 对宾语___________的作用。
之后
补充说明
某些及物动词（如make等）
直接宾语（名词或代词）
宾语补足语
1. Most people just use the shortened name …
2. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, …
3. They had castles built all around England, …
4. The United Kingdom, Great Britain, England-many people are confused by…
5. They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century.
作定语
作定语
作宾补
作定语
作定语
判断下面画线部分在句子中做什么成分
Part One
Past Participle as the Attributive
(过去分词用作定语)
Ⅰ. 过去分词作定语
时间
句首
时间状语
逗号
a broken window 破了的窗
polluted water 被污染的水
a closed door 关闭的门
Conclusion ：
单个的过去分词作定语时，一般兼有___________和
_________的意义，常作____________定语, 相当于一个
______________。
被动
完成
前置
形容词
a lighted candle
一支点燃的蜡烛
a used stamp
一枚用过的邮票
Translation
an injured finger
一个受伤的手指
一个醉鬼
a drunk man
时间
句首
时间状语
逗号
fallen leaves 落叶
the risen sun 升起来的太阳
the developed countries 发达国家
a retired teacher 一名退休教师
Conclusion ：
单个的过去分词作前置定语，不及物动词的过去分词只有
_____________ 意义，不表示被动。
完成
时间
句首
时间状语
逗号
① The books written by Lu Xun are popular．
鲁迅写的书很受欢迎。
② We’ll go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago．
我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。
Conclusion ：
过去分词短语作定语时，常作____________定语。及物动词
的过去分词一般表____________和____________的意义。
后置
被动
完成
① The frightened baby kept crying.
那个受惊的婴儿一直在哭。
② From his excited look, I know he passed the examination. 从他兴奋的表情来看，我知道他通过了考试。
Conclusion ：
某些动词的过去分词已成为 ，这类形容词多用来表示人物的心理特征或感情变化。常见的这类过去分词有：disappointed、moved、interested、surprised、shocked、puzzled、excited、frightented、worried、pleased等
形容词
时间
句首
时间状语
逗号
If I had the chance, I would have a cloned baby.
=If I had the chance, I would have a baby
_____________
单个过去分词
who is cloned.
过去分词作定语和定语从句的关系
时间
句首
时间状语
逗号
The concert given by him was a great success.
=The concert __________________________ was a great success.
过去分词短语
which was given by him
过去分词短语作定语和定语从句的关系
时间
句首
时间状语
逗号
单个的过去分词和过去分词短语作定语时，都相当于一个定语从句，并且都可转化成相
应的___________________。
定语从句
This is a river which is polluted.
This is ________________.
a polluted river
This is __________________________. (tomb)
This is a bowl that was found in the tomb.
a bowl found in the tomb
_______________________________ is very popular. (刘慈欣）
The book which was wriiten by Liu Cixin is very popular.
The book written by Liu Cixin
将下列句子改写为定语从句
1、The broken window will be replaced soon.
The window which was broken will be replaced soon.
2、He is a teacher loved by his students.
He is a teacher who is loved by his students.
3、We sat down on the ground covered with dry leaves.
We sat down on the ground which was covered with dry leaves.
I know the people building the house there.
The house built over there is a shop.
The house to be built over there next year is designed by a famous architect.
His book ____________ last year sells well.
His book _____________ now will be on sale next year.
His book _____________ next year will be his best one.
published
being published
to be published
过去分词、现在分词和不定式作定语时的区别：
过去分词
现在分词
不定式
done
表被动，动作已完成
doing
表主动，动作正在进行
to do
表主动，动作尚未发生
being done
表被动，动作正在进行
表被动，动作尚未发生
to be done
The changing world
The changed world
正在变化的世界
变化了的世界
boiling water
boiled water
正在沸腾的水
已经沸腾过的水
a developing country
a developed country
发展中国家
发达国家
练一练
正在升起的太阳
已经升起的太阳
the rising sun
the risen sun
正在凋谢的花朵
已经凋谢的花朵
fading flowers
faded flowers
正往下落的落叶
the falling leaves
the fallen leaves
已落到地面的落叶
过去分词 done
表被动，动作已完成
The building
去年建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。
主语
谓语
宾语
is our teaching building.
built last year
定语
现在分词 doing 表主动，动作正在进行
being done 表被动，动作正在进行
正在弹钢琴的那个女孩是我的朋友。
主语
谓语
宾语
That girl
is my friend
playing the piano
现在正在建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。
The building
is our teaching building
being built now
定语
不定式 to do 表主动，动作尚未发生
to be done 表被动，动作尚未发生
下个月将要建造的那栋楼是我们的教学楼。
The building
is our teaching building.
我是第一个即将离开的人。
I am the first person
to leave.
to be built
① （pollute) air and water are harmful to people’s health.
②The man (walk) around the playground is my father.
③The house (stand) at the corner of the street was built in 2016.
④The window (broke) yesterday has already been repaired.
⑤He was the last one (leave) school yesterday.
即学即练——用所给词的适当形式填空
Polluted
walking
standing
broken
to leave
用所学知识翻译下列句子。
1、我读过韩寒写的书。
2、这座去年建的桥是最长的。
3、将要在音乐会上弹钢琴的那个女孩是玛丽
4、我认识一个在那家工厂工作的人
5、站在树下的那个男孩是我同学
I have read the book
written by Han Han.
The bridge
is the longest.
built last year
That girl
to play the piano at the concert
is Mary
I know
a man
working in that factory
That boy
is my classmate
standing under the tree
过去分词作定语
3.注意事项
有些过去分词表示特定含义时, 单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后, 如left(剩余的), given(所给的), concerned(有关的)等。
There is little time left. Let ’s hurry up.
We are interested in the problems concerned.
Write sentences with the words given.
时间
句首
时间状语
逗号
He is one of those invited.
There was nobody punished here.
Conclusion ：
单个的过去分词作定语时，如果被修饰的词为复合不定代词
或指示代词 those 时，常作____________定语。
后置
过去分词作定语, 意义用法容易记。
及物动词用过分, 表示被动与完成;
不及物用过分时, 不表被动表完成;
单个过分名词前, 过分短语名词后,
若是修饰不定代, 只能放在代词后;
given, left和concerned, 作定语时要后置。
过去分词作定语
3.注意事项
③现在分词作定语表示正在进行、主动，过去分词表示已经完成、被动。
the fallen leaves vs. the falling leaves
the boiled water vs. the boiling water
the running water vs. the woman interviewed
非谓语动词 形式 时态 语态 Examples
现在分词 v-ing 进行 主动
过去分词 v-ed 过去 被动
不定式 to do 将来 主动
非谓语动词作定语的区别
3. The building built last year is our teaching building.
4. America is a developed country.
1. The man standing there is our teacher.
2. As we all know, China is a developing country.
5. The student to speak is my classmate.
6. The building to be built next year is a military basis.
Part Two
Past Participle as Object Complement
(过去分词用作宾语补足语)
Part Two
Past Participle as Object Complement
(过去分词用作宾语补足语)
Xiao Xin found all his money ________ (steal)
on his way home.
stolen
过去分词用作宾语补足语(1)
I saw him (beat) by his mother.
beaten
hear＋宾语＋
doing sth.
do sth.
done.
(1) I heard her _____________(sing) an English song when I passed by her room yesterday．
(2) I heard her__________ (sing) an English song just now．
(3) To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English __________(speak) as much as possible．
singing
sing
spoken
听到……正在做……（主动、进行）
听到……做了……（主动、完成）
听到……被做（被动、完成或无时间性）
1. 表示感观、感觉和发觉的动词。如：
watch, observe, see, hear, listen to, feel, notice, find等。
Jack had his hair _______ yesterday.(cut)
cut
过去分词用作宾语补足语(2)
The girls are having their eyesight _________. (examine)
examined
(1) You’d better keep the guests seated.
(2) We're having our car repaired.
(3) I'm trying to get this article finished for Thursday.
(4) She had to shout to make herself heard above the sound of the music.
2.表示“致使”意义的动词。
如：have, make, get, keep等。
(2)make＋宾语＋
do sth.让……做某事（主动）
done 让……被做（被动）
(1)have＋宾语＋
do sth.使……做某事（主动）
doing sth.使……持续做某事（主动、进行）
done使……被做（被动）
(4)get＋宾语＋
to do sth.使……做某事（主动）
doing sth.使……持续做某事（主动、进行）
done使……被做（被动）
(3)keep＋宾语＋
doing sth.使……一直做某事（主动、进行）
done使……被做（被动）
The father wants his daughter __________dancing. (teach)
taught
过去分词用作宾语补足语(3)
She wished all her matches _____ but nobody
bought a single one.
sold
3. 表示“希望、愿望、命令”意义的动词。
如：want, expect, would like, wish, order等。
(1) The teacher wouldn’t like the problem discussed at the moment.
老师不想此刻讨论这个问题。
(2) I want the suit made to his own measure.
我想要这套衣服照他自己的尺寸做。
过去分词用作宾语补足语(4)
She was so cold that she sat in a corner
with her legs ________ (huddle v.蜷缩) up.
huddled
My mother never allows me to play computer games
with my homework ____________ (unfinish).
unfinished
4.“with ＋ 宾语 ＋ 过去分词”结构中, 过去分词用作介词with的 。过去分词与宾语之间是 _______关系。
(1) With all the problems _______(solve),she felt relaxed.
(2) With all the noise ________(go)on,I couldn’t concentrate on my study.
(3) With all the problems __________ (solve), the new president will
have a hard time.
宾语补足语
动宾
“with”结构中不同非谓语的比较
going
solved
to solve
单句语法填空(晨读材料--语法部分Section B)
1.What made me (impress) is that they have had professional training.
2.With all his energy (concentrate) on his painting, he didn’t notice it was raining heavily outside.
3.Tomorrow the short-sighted students will go to hospital to have their eyes
(examine).
4.Tom found a palce in the trees to keep himself (hide) from the enemy.
5.Back from his two-year medical service in remote areas, Dr Lee was very happy to see his parents (take) good care of.
6.I had to look for a place along the street to get my bicycle (repair).
7. Addicted to computer games, he left much homework (unfinish).
impressed
concentrated
examined
hidden
taken
repaired
unfinished
The shocking news made me __________ (realize) what terrible problems we would face．　
He spoke slowly and clearly so that he could make himself___________(understand)．
Mother had me ________ (go) to the shop and buy some salt．
He had us ____________(laugh) all through the meal．
My elder sister had her wallet _______________(steal) on a bus last month．
牛刀小试
realize
understood
go
laughing
stolen
8.(短文写作--晨读训练)
Last week, I served as a volunteer at a competition ①held by the Student Union(由学生会举办的) to ②have my communication skills improved(提高我的交流技能). ③The judges invited(被邀请的裁判)were from Grade three. ④All students interested(所有感兴趣的同学) were allowed to attend the competition. ⑤With all preparation work done(所有的准备工作完成), the competition went on smoothly. At last, the competition was very successful, and we were all to ⑥see our efforts recognized (看到我们的努力被认可)by students and teachers.
V-ed作宾语补足语表示被动或完成的意义。
V-ed作宾语补足语
V-ed与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
Xiao Xin found all his money ________ (steal)
on his way home.
stolen
过去分词用作宾语补足语(1)
I saw him (beat) by his mother.
beaten
hear＋宾语＋
doing sth.
do sth.
done.
(1) I heard her _____________(sing) an English song when I passed by her room yesterday．
(2) I heard her__________ (sing) an English song just now．
(3) To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English __________(speak) as much as possible．
singing
sing
spoken
听到……正在做……（主动、进行）
听到……做了……（主动、完成）
听到……被做（被动、完成或无时间性）
1. 表示感观、感觉和发觉的动词。如：
watch, observe, see, hear, listen to, feel, notice, find等。
(1) You’d better keep the guests seated.
(2) We're having our car repaired.
(3) I'm trying to get this article finished for Thursday.
(4) She had to shout to make herself heard above the sound of the music.
2.表示“致使”意义的动词。
如：have, make, get, keep,leave等。
get/have/make/keep/leave sb./sth. done
(2)make＋宾语＋
do sth.让……做某事（主动）
done 让……被做（被动）
(1)have＋宾语＋
do sth.使……做某事（主动）
doing sth.使……持续做某事（主动、进行）
done使……被做（被动）
(4)get＋宾语＋
to do sth.使……做某事（主动）
doing sth.使……持续做某事（主动、进行）
done使……被做（被动）
(3)keep＋宾语＋
doing sth.使……一直做某事（主动、进行）
done使……被做（被动）
过去分词作宾语补足语
3.用于wish, want, would like, expect, order等表示“意愿”“命令”的动词后面作宾语补足语，相当于过去分词前省略了to be。
wish/want/would like/expect/order (to be) done
They want the case solved.
The boss wouldn't like the problem discussed at the moment.
I wish my house painted white.
4.“with ＋ 宾语 ＋ 过去分词”结构中, 过去分词用作介词with的 。过去分词与宾语之间是 _______关系。其中with并没有特别的意思，它主要用于引出该复合结构。
With his speech finished,he sat down and went on to listen to the others’ speeches.
结束了自己的演讲后，他坐下继续听其他人的演讲。
With every problem settled,he began to think of a journey.
每一个问题都解决后，他开始考虑旅行。
宾语补足语
动宾
(1) With all the problems _______(solve),she felt relaxed.
(2) With all the noise ________(go)on,I couldn’t concentrate on my study.
(3) With all the problems __________ (solve), the new president will
have a hard a hard time.
“with”结构中不同谓语的比较
going
solved
to solve
John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work __________(finish), he gladly accepted it.
2. ---Did Peter fix the computer himself
---He had it _______(fix), because he doesn’t know much about computers.
3.I was wondering why they kept the door ________ (lock) for such a long time.
finished
fixed
Exercises
locked
V-ed在句中可作 _____、_____________。
定语
宾语补足语
①单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面；
② 过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。
③单个的过去分词修饰复合不定代词something, everything等或指示代词those时，要放在这些词的后面。
V-ed作宾语补足语通常用于：
①表示感观、感觉和发觉的动词。
②表示“致使、意愿、命令或者希望”意义的动词。
③with的复合结构。
作定语
作宾补
Thank you