人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册Unit 5 Working the Land 单元测试题（含答案）
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选择性必修一 Unit 5 Revealing nature
第一部分 听力（略）
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Bonn & the Rhine in Flames
Thursday 5 May to Monday 9 May
A relaxing 5-day rail break to Bonn, a great city on the Rhine.
Day 1 Travel to Bonn
Taking a mid-morning Eurostar from London's St Pancras station to Brussels Midi in Belgium where we connect with an InterCity Express train to Cologne. Here we make a final change of train and travel to Bonn where we enjoy a 4-night stay at the IntercityHotel.
Day 2 Drachenfels Cog Railway & a Tour of Schloss Drachenburg
Morning tram (电车) ride to K nigswinter to take the famous cog railway up the Drachenfels hill. Later we head to Schloss Drachenburg, built for the banker Baron Stephan von Sarter. Enjoy a guided tour of this 19th century villa (别墅).
Day 3‘Rhein in Flammen’Boat Cruise (乘船游览) & Firework Show
A free morning and early afternoon to spend exploring Bonn, known as the birthplace of Ludwig van Beethoven. A visit to this world famous composer's house is a must. From late afternoon we take a boat cruise along the Rhine and watch the beautiful ‘Rhein in Flammen' firework show.
Day 4 Wuppertal Schwebebahn
We take a morning train to Wuppertal and enjoy a return trip on the Schwebebahn hanging railway. The railway opened in 1901 and has been in almost continuous service above the city ever since. An important part of the Wuppertal transport system, this train is made even more attractive by the fact that the wheels are on the roof! We continue to Cologne and the afternoon is at leisure to explore the city. Early evening return to Bonn.
Day 5 Return Home to London
After breakfast we take a mid-morning train from Bonn back to Cologne's main station. Here we return to London.
5 Days from 785 per Person
PRICE INCLUDES
■ All rail travel as stated
■ Unlimited travel on local transport in Bonn city area
■ Excursions (游览) as listed
■ Accommodation ( 住 宿) in good, quality hotel on a bed and breakfast basis
■ Services of a tour leader from London and throughout the tour
21. On which day will tourists visit the famous composer Beethoven's house
A. Day 2. B. Day 3. C. Day 4. D. Day 5.
22. What do we know about Wuppertal Schwebebahn
A. It opened in 1921.
B. It is a hanging railway.
C. It is already out of service.
D. It was built by Stephan von Sarter.
23. What do tourists need to pay extra for during the trip
A. Breakfasts.
B. Services of a tour leader.
C. Lunches and evening meals.
D. Travel on local transport in Bonn.
B
It was in a brightly-lit room in Mexico City, Mexico, that on June 18, 2014 it was announced that India-born Dr Sanjaya Rajaram had been named the winner of the World Food Prize.
Dr Rajaram won this award for successfully crossbreeding ( 杂 交) the winter and spring wheat ( 小麦) varieties, which have been two distinct and isolated gene pools ( 分离的基因库) since the beginning of farming. And because of this breakthrough, the scientist has been able to breed over 480 wheat varieties.
Born in Varanasi in 1943, Dr Rajaram lived with his family off a plot of land growing wheat, rice and maize. “After my education here in India, I went off to Australia for my PhD and soon I joined CIMMYT (the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre) in Mexico, where my career as a plant breeder started,” said Dr Rajaram.
“Every country is unique — there are climate systems, culture, the financial situation and each of the nations I visited needed a different set of solutions,” said Dr Rajaram. His solutions became part of what is widely described as the world's first “wheat network”, a global exchange of “genetic information and innovations among researchers”. His varieties of wheat were strong in nutrition, delayed ( 延迟) the attack of some plant diseases and were able to survive the severest of conditions.
After nearly half a century in the field, Dr Rajaram said his work was still not finished. “In science, you never stop learning. I have been doing this all my life and I've never really had time for anything else. As far as hobbies go, well, there's a bit of music I like to listen to and that's pretty much it. I have been on a long journey of pushing the boundaries ( 边界) of what's possible and today, there's still work left. Learning must never stop and the world must not go hungry.”
24. Why was Dr Rajaram awarded the World Food Prize
A. He improved several wheat varieties genetically.
B. He crossbred the winter and spring wheat varieties.
C. He successfully bred two wheat varieties.
D. He found the difference between the winter and spring wheat varieties.
25. When did Dr Rajaram start to work on plant breeding
A. During his college years in India.
B. While doing his PhD in Australia.
C. After becoming a member of CIMMYT in Mexico.
D. While living with his family near wheat-growing land.
26. What is one advantage of the wheat varieties developed by Dr Rajaram
A. They can be planted in any season.
B. They are free from the attack of some pant diseases.
C. They can grow well in terrible environments.
D. They can grow taller than traditional ones.
27. What can we learn about Dr Rajaram from the last paragraph
A. He was too busy with work to develop any hobby.
B. He wasn't satisfied with the results of his research.
C. He planned to do research in a new field of science.
D. He made his mind to work on world food problems.
C
What might you expect to find at the bottom of the Antarctic Ocean Surely not an icefish breeding ground twice the size of Paris!
The breeding ground was discovered in February 2021, but the findings were only published recently. Located in the Weddell Sea, the ground stretched across 92 square miles of the ocean floor. Using a remotely operated camera and several dives, researchers concluded there are over 60 million active nests (巢穴).
Each nest could contain anywhere from 1, 500 to 2, 500 eggs, although it isn't certain how many of them survive to adulthood. Some nests were guarded by one or more icefish, while others were unguarded. Little is known about the icefish's breeding behavior, and a project to carefully study their behavior over the next two years is underway.
These unique fish live in the cold waters around Antarctica. Their translucent ( 半透明的) body and their dark fins make them look like something straight out of a sci-fi movie. In fact, their translucence is actually caused by their clear blood! Icefish lack red blood cells and instead have an antifreeze protein (抗冻蛋白质) that prevents their blood from freezing in the Antarctica water. They have also adapted to be able to take in oxygen through their skin.
The breeding grounds were actually located in a slightly warmer part of the ocean, around 2℃ warmer than the surrounding water. This could suggest that icefish are attracted to warmer waters, especially for their nests.
The previously discovered largest icefish breeding ground only includes less than a hundred nests. Finding a breeding ground of this size blows away many scientists and researchers. The nests, which were about 2.5 feet in diameter (直径), have shaped the sediment (沉积物) at the ocean floor. Scientists believe the large gathering of icefish could lead to changes in many other ocean animals' lives.
28. How many active icefish nests were discovered in 2021
A. Over 92 million.
B. About 2.5 million.
C. Nearly 1,500 million.
D. More than 60 million.
29. What area of icefish life is still to be studied
A. How they guard their nests.
B. How they produce their young.
C. How they look after their eggs.
D. How they survive to adulthood.
30. What makes icefish translucent
A. The freezing ocean water.
B. Their body temperature.
C. Their blood.
D. Their skin.
31. What will most probably be discussed following the last paragraph
A. The importance of research on icefish.
B. The reason why so many icefish come together.
C. The possible influence of the large icefish group.
D. The previous discovery of icefish breeding grounds.
D
Plants might be able to hear their neighbors, according to a study that suggests plants use the sound signal to communicate with one another.
“We have shown that plants can recognize when a good neighbor is growing next to them,” said study co-author Monica Gagliano, an evolutionary ecologist at the University of Western Australia. “We found that this communication can be based upon an acoustic (声音的) exchange.”
The findings suggest that plants can not only “smell” the chemicals and “see” the reflected light of their neighbors, they may also “listen” to the plants around them.
“Plants are more intricate organisms than we've given them credit for,” Gagliano said.
In the study, Gagliano and her workmate Michael Renton showed that chili plants sprouted faster and were healthier, compared with those grown in isolation, when they were grown next to “good neighbors”, such as basil.
Remarkably, the scientists got the same result even when the plants were separated by black plastic so that they could not exchange light or chemical signals.
The scientists said the study is groundbreaking but still in its early days, and admitted there are still many unanswered questions. For example, are plants intentionally (有意地) communicating with one another And if they are, do they all speak in a universal (通用的) “plant language” To these questions and more, Gagliano said, the answer is “we don't know”.
Gagliano thinks learning the secrets of plant communication could have practical applications (应用) that could benefit humans. She imagines farmers using music to encourage or discourage the growth of certain plants, reducing the need for pesticides.
Study co-author Renton warned, however, that the effects in their study were fairly small. “Whether it would be economically viable (经济上可行的),” he said, “for a farmer to play music to get that little extra growth speed, I think it's pointless and costly.”
32. What did the study find out about plants
A. They have a great influence on their neighboring animals.
B. They can sense their surroundings through sounds.
C. They can control their own growth in the dark.
D. They grow much healthier in isolation.
33. What does the underlined word “intricate” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Endangered. B. Natural. C. Complex. D. Productive.
34. What did the scientists think of their study
A. It is inspiring but the findings are limited.
B. It is a failure but the methods deserve praise.
C. It can help plants send signals more effectively.
D. It will draw public attention to the protection of plants.
35. What is Renton's attitude to the idea of using music to influence the growth of plants
A. Hopeful. B. Supportive. C. Uncaring. D. Opposed.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
I was barely one year old when my dad took me to one of the most magical places on Earth: Yellowstone National Park, the world's first protected area. Nature and all the special creatures that live in it have enveloped my childhood ever since. One day my teacher at school asked me what my father did for a living. 36
In his office, the walls are lined with photos of animals. 37 He took it in a place called Guadalupe Island, where he'll take me when I'm older. Every night I choose a book about sharks to read at bedtime. 38 And I know what I must do to protect them.
My dad Fernando says that being an environmental lawyer is hard sometimes. 39 Lawyers, he said, have to study a lot, know a lot of laws and use their brains to find ways to avoid damage to people and the environment. When my dad travels, I miss him a lot. 40 “Save so many dolphins,” I tell him when we talk on the phone. I think that when I'm older, I'll be a lawyer like my dad, defending the bears, sharks, trees and rivers.
A. My favorite is the white shark.
B. But I'm so happy that he's out there saving animals.
C. I already know the names of most species of sharks.
D. I proudly told him that he is a defender of the planet.
E. He has to fight against people that do things to harm the planet.
F. My dad held me close in his arms as I stretched out to touch the dolphin.
G. I'm not sure if my memories of Yellowstone are real or if they're all mixed up with photographs.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Observing is a process that lets us take a step closer to something. When giving the natural world our 41 , we can note the patterns ( 图 案) in a landscape or a leaf, or 42 see how animals behave.
Human brains are wired in a way that when we 43 something, we're more likely to love it. The more you look at and understand details in nature, the better you will know and 44 these little peculiarities (独特性). You will begin to 45 them, and recognize them.
By looking closely at aspects that might not seem 46 at first look, you may find new appreciation for them — this happened a few years ago when I 47 that birds were more than strange-looking creatures, but actually intelligent and beautiful creatures. I've never been a big bird-watcher, 48 now I am, and I love learning more about it. If you feel passionate ( 热爱的) about something, you usually want to help 49 it when it is endangered.
There are other 50 effects when observing nature. You usually grow calm and 51 when you are in a natural environment. This has actually been verified ( 证实) in studies, although I believe most of us already know it to be true.
Nature can be 52 everywhere. Even a single tree outside your window can have this 53 on you. Imagine what a walk through the woods can do. Wondering at the 54 and diversity of nature can help to quiet negative thoughts about yourself or others and bring a moment of 55 .
41. A. attention B. information C. advice D. trust
42. A. strangely B. slowly C. directly D. hardly
43. A. describe B. understand C. experience D. remember
44. A. like B. forget C. change D. share
45. A. give up on B. look out for C. take over D. use up
46. A. interesting B. important C. different D. difficult
47. A. wondered B. dreamed C. discovered D. promised
48. A. unless B. if C. so D. but
49. A. protect B. control C. miss D. choose
50. A. undesirable B. similar C. dangerous D. positive
51. A. rich B. old C. relaxed D. professional
52. A. explained B. observed C. discussed D. accepted
53. A. effect B. pressure C. point D. option
54. A. end B. beauty C. future D. purpose
55. A. boredom B. inspiration C. confusion D. peace
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Millions of species live on Earth, and they have to figure out how 56. __________ (share) resources such as food and shelter. Creatures interact 57. __________ one another in a variety of ways, and one of those important relationships is mutualism (共生关系).
To explore this relationship, let's consider a natural ecosystem such as the ocean. Oceanic environments are known for 58. __________ (they) wide variety of species. Imagine you are on a diving trip to explore the warm waters of the Pacific or Indian Oceans. You would likely spot a 59. __________ (wonder) example of mutualism: the relationship between clownfish 60. __________ sea anemones (海葵).
Mutualism is when two species, or 61. __________ (kind) of animals, help each other out. Sea anemones live attached to coral reefs. They have stinging tentacles ( 刺状触须) that can make fish senseless. Then anemones bring the fish into their mouths and eat them.
There is one type of fish that is safe, though. Clownfish have special mucus (黏液) on their bodies, 62. __________ stops the tentacles from 63. __________ (hurt) them. Clownfish are able to swim 64. __________ (comfortable) between the anemones. Other fish see the brightly colored clownfish. They come down looking for a meal. Then the bigger fish will 65. __________ (catch) by the anemones. This way, the anemones get to eat. At the same time, they keep the clownfish safe.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是李华，是某国际中学的学生会主席。下周五校学生会计划组织全校学生观看自然纪录片《大猫》（Big Cats），请你写一则英文通知刊登在校英文网站上，内容包括：
1. 放映时间和地点；
2. 纪录片内容：不同猫科动物的生活；
3. 欢迎大家积极参加。
注意：写作词数应为80左右。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
In Orchestra class, we had on Fridays something called Chair Challenge. You could challenge the next higher-up chair. The teacher selected a passage from the music and the person you were challenging would play it first — then you would play it. The teacher would determine which of you won.
If you won, you switched (交换) places with the loser and moved up one chair. And at the end of December, whoever was first-chair violin, first-chair viola and first-chair cello ( 大 提 琴) would play the three separate solos (独奏) in the big New Year Concert.
Hearing this I was determined to be the one who played the cello solo in the New Year Concert. I was second-chair, third-cello. In order for me to become first-chair, first-cello I would need to do five Chair Challenges — and win all five! And I only had six weeks to do it.
The school allowed us to take instruments home on weekends. I decided to take my cello home and practice hard. So every single Friday and then again on Monday, for six weeks I carried this big cello case onto and off the bus before and after school. Then I went home and practiced. I practiced any music we were playing in class. And I sounded terrible.
But I kept at it. And then a funny thing happened around the second week. I wasn't sounding that terrible anymore. And I realized I was getting better.
The first Chair Challenge the following Friday was a nervous affair. My hands were shaking badly. But when I finished the teacher smiled and said, “Challenge successful — switch chairs.” I felt excited.
I didn't dare tell anyone about my goal. I knew they'd tell me it was impossible.
The girl who was first-chair, firs-cello, Patricia, had been playing for years! Surely, to unseat Patricia would be very difficult.
But I kept practicing and winning my challenges, week after week — until it was the last Friday of December. I was now second-chair, first-cello. The teacher asked if there were any Chair Challenges. Patricia turned to me and laughed. “Well ... ” she said.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
“Challenge!” I called out. _____________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
The class cheered and clapped. ________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
参考答案
第一部分 听力（略）
21-25 BBCBC 26-30 CDDBC
31-35 CBCAD 36-40 DACEB
41-45 ACBAB 46-50 ACDAD
51-55 CBABD
56. to share 57. with 58. their 59. wonderful 60. and
61. kinds 62. which 63. hurting fortably 65. be caught
写作
第一节
One possible version:
Notice
To raise our students' awareness about wildlife protection, a famous nature documentary series called Big Cats will be shown from 4 p.m. to 6 p.m. in the school hall next Friday. The series uncovers the secret lives of big cats, using the latest technology and scientific research to bring these animal superstars out of the shadows. After the documentary, there will be a free talk for students present to share their feelings and ideas on how to protect wildlife.
You're all welcome! Join us and enjoy Big Cats!
The Students' Union
第二节
One possible version:
“Challenge!” I called out. Everyone laughed and cheered. The teacher pulled out two pieces of music. Patricia went first, being the challenged, and she played the passage beautifully. Only one little mistake. Then it was my turn. I was unfamiliar with this piece, but I'd been practicing, and my sight-reading had improved so much that I was confident I could do well. I took a deep breath and began. I played that passage so smoothly that it was like I'd been playing it all my life.
The class cheered and clapped. I was surprised. No one had ever clapped after a Chair Challenge. Even Patricia was clapping! The teacher had a smile as he nodded. “Challenge successful, switch. And, congratulations, First-Chair, First-Cello.” It turned out that the piece he had given us to play was the actual cello solo for the New Year Concert. I learned, from my personal experiences, that you can achieve what you set out to complete.
部分解析
阅读
第一节
A篇
主题语境：人与自我——生活
本文是应用文。文章为一则旅游广告。
21. B。理解具体信息。根据Day 3 ‘Rhein in Flammen' Boat Cruise & Firework Show部分中的A free morning and early afternoon to spend exploring Bonn, known as the birthplace of Ludwig van Beethoven. A visit to this world famous composer's house is a must可知，游客第三天将去参观著名作曲家贝多芬的故居。
22. B。理解具体信息。根据Day 4 Wuppertal Schwebebahn部分中的We take ... the Schwebebahn hanging railway. The railway opened in 1901 and has been in almost continuous service above the city ever since ... this train is made even more attractive by the fact that the wheels are on the roof!可知，Wuppertal Schwebebahn是一条悬挂铁路，自1901年开始一直运营着。
23. C。理解具体信息。根据PRICE INCLUDES部分的描述可知，旅行套餐中不包含游客的午餐和晚餐。
【补充说明】
cog railway：齿轨铁路，一种登山铁路。齿轨铁路在普通路轨中间的轨枕上，另外放置一条特别的齿轨。行走齿轨铁路的机车，配备了一个或多个齿轮，跟齿轨啮合着行走。这样机车便能克服黏着力不足的问题，把列车拉上陡峭的斜坡。
B篇
主题语境：人与社会——社会
本文是记叙文。小麦育种专家Sanjaya Rajaram成功培育出冬春杂交小麦品种，获得世界粮食奖。
24. B。理解具体信息。根据第二段中的Dr Rajaram won this award for successfully crossbreeding the winter and spring wheat varieties可知，Rajaram博士因成功培育出冬春杂交小麦品种而获得世界粮食奖。
25. C。理解具体信息。根据第三段中的I joined CIMMYT (the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre) in Mexico, where my career as a plant breeder started可知，Rajaram博士加入国际玉米小麦改良中心后，开始从事植物育种工作。
26. C。理解具体信息。根据第四段中的His varieties of wheat were strong in nutrition, delayed the attack of some plant diseases and were able to survive the severest of conditions可知，Rajaram博士培育的小麦品种能在恶劣的环境中生长。
27. D。推断。根据最后一段中的After nearly half a century in the field, Dr Rajaram said his work was still not finished和there's still work left. Learning must never stop and the world must not go hungry可知，Rajaram博士已经在粮食领域工作了数十年，他认为自己还有很多工作要做，需要不断学习，让世界人民不再饥饿。因此可推断，他决定致力于解决世界粮食问题。
C篇
主题语境：人与自然——自然生态
本文是说明文。科学家在深海发现大型银鱼巢穴群。
28. D。理解具体信息。根据第二段中的researchers concluded there are over 60 million active nests可知，研究者此次发现了六千多万个银鱼巢穴。
29. B。理解具体信息。根据第三段中的Little is known about the icefish's breeding behavior, and a project to carefully study their behavior over the next two years is underway可知，目前研究者对银鱼的繁殖行为知之甚少，正在做进一步的研究。
30. C。理解具体信息。根据第四段中的In fact, their translucence is actually caused by their clear blood! Icefish lack red blood cells可知，银鱼的血液中不含红细胞，这导致它们的身体呈半透明状。
31. C。推断。根据最后一段中的Scientists believe the large gathering of icefish could lead to changes in many other ocean animals' lives可知，科学家们认为如此大型的银鱼巢穴群会影响许多其他海洋生物的生存，因此作者接下来最有可能会介绍大型银鱼巢穴群对海洋生态产生的影响。
D篇
主题语境：人与自然——自然生态
本文是新闻报道。研究发现植物可以通过声音信号识别周围环境。
32. B。理解具体信息。根据第一段中的Plants might be able to hear their neighbors和plants use the sound signal to communicate with one another、第二段中的plants can recognize when a good neighbor is growing next to them和We found that this communication can be based upon an acoustic exchange以及第三段中的they may also “listen” to the plants around them可知，研究发现，植物可以通过声音信号识别周围的环境。
33. C。理解词汇。根据第三段中的plants can not only “smell” the chemicals and “see” the reflected light of their neighbors, they may also “listen” to the plants around them可知，植物不仅可以“闻到”化学物质、“看到”反射光，它们还可以“听到”周围植物的声音，因此植物比我们想象中复杂得多。intricate意为“复杂精细的”；give sb. credit for 相信某人有……。
34. A。推断。根据第七段中的The scientists said the study is groundbreaking but still in its early days, and admitted there are still many unanswered questions和To these questions and more, Gagliano said, the answer is “we don't know”可知，科学家们认为这项研究具有开创性的意义，但仍处于早期阶段，研究结果也很有限，关于植物之间如何沟通还存在很多未解之谜。groundbreaking意为“开创性的；革新的”。
35. D。理解观点、态度。根据最后一段中的Study coauthor Renton warned, however, that the effects in their study were fairly small和for a farmer to play music to get that little extra growth speed, I think it's pointless and costly可知，Renton认为让农民通过播放音乐促进农作物生长的做法是没有意义且成本高昂的，因此他对“使用音乐影响植物生长”的想法持否定态度。
第二节
主题语境：人与自然——环境保护
本文是记叙文。作者讲述自己的父亲成为环保律师和保护地球的故事。
36. D。根据上文中的One day my teacher at school asked me what my father did for a living可知，本空应填回答作者老师问题的句子，即回答作者父亲的职业是什么，因此D项符合此处内容。D项中的him和he分别指代上文中的my teacher与my father。
37. A。A项中的My favorite与上文中的the walls are lined with photos of animals相照应，同时下文中的sharks也是提示。
38. C。根据上文中的Every night I choose a book about sharks to read at bedtime可知，作者对鲨鱼非常感兴趣，每晚睡觉前都要阅读与鲨鱼相关的书籍，因此他对鲨鱼非常了解，故C项符合此处内容。
39. E。根据上文中的My dad Fernando says that being an environmental lawyer is hard sometimes可知，本空应填描述作者父亲职业的句子，因此E项符合此处内容。E项中的fight against people与上文中的hard相照应。
40. B。B项中的But I'm so happy与上文中的I miss him a lot在内容上构成转折关系，同时B项中的he's out there saving animals与下文中的Save so many dolphins相照应。
【补充说明】
Yellowstone National Park：黄石国家公园，简称黄石公园，是世界上第一个国家公园，于1978年被列入世界自然遗产名录。
语言运用
第一节
主题语境：人与自我——生活
本文是夹叙夹议文。作者鼓励我们走进自然，观察自然。
41. A。42. C。根据上文中的Observing is a process that lets us take a step closer to something和下文中的see how animals behave可知，当我们对自然界给予关注时，我们可以直接观察动物的行为。
43. B。根据下文中的The more you look at and understand details in nature可知，作者认为当我们了解某事时，我们更有可能爱上它。
44. A。上文中的love it提示本空选择like，属于同义词复现。
45. B。根据下文中的recognize them可知，观察和了解自然越多，我们就会越喜欢自然，于是我们会开始主动寻找并发现自然的独特之处。
46. A。根据下文中的at first look和I've never been a big bird-watcher ... now I am, and I love learning more about it可知，作者通过自己的经历明白了有些事物我们一开始并不会觉得有趣，但是通过仔细观察它们，我们可能会改变想法。
47. C。根据下文中的birds were more than strangelooking creatures, but actually intelligent and beautiful creatures可知，作者发现鸟不仅仅长相奇特，更是一种聪明又漂亮的生物。
48. D。上文中的I've never been a big bird- -watcher与下文中的now I am之间为转折关系。
49. A。根据上文中的feel passionate about something和下文中的when it is endangered可知，作者认为如果我们非常热爱某事物，我们通常会在它濒临毁灭的时候保护它。
50. D。根据上文中的内容以及下文中的You usually grow calm and ... when you are in a natural environment可知，作者在本段主要论述观察自然带来的其他积极影响。
51. C。根据上文中的You usually grow calm和下文中的quiet negative thoughts about yourself or others可知，观察自然可以让我们放轻松。
52. B。53. A。根据两空之间的Even a single tree outside your window和下文中的Imagine what a walk through the woods can do可知，作者认为大自然随处可见，即使观察窗外的一棵树也可以起到走进大自然的作用。
54. B。55. D。根据上文中的Wondering和两空之间的diversity以及quiet negative thoughts about yourself or others可知，作者认为惊叹于大自然的美丽和多样能够平和我们的内心，让我们获得片刻的安宁。quiet此处用作动词，表示“使平静，安静”。
第二节
主题语境：人与自然——自然生态
本文是说明文。文章介绍了小丑鱼与海葵之间的共生关系。
56. to share。考查动词不定式。how to do sth. 如何做某事。
57. with。考查介词。interact with 相互影响；相互作用。
58. their。考查代词。根据语境可知，此处表示“它们的”丰富的物种，故填形容词性物主代词their。
59. wonderful。考查形容词。设空处作前置定语，修饰example，表示“绝妙的”，用形容词，故填wonderful。
60. and。考查连词。relationship between ... and ... ……与……之间的关系。
61. kinds。考查可数名词的复数。kind意为“种类”，为可数名词，根据空前的two可知，设空处表示复数意义，故填kinds。
62. which。考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明先行词mucus，且在从句中作主语，故填which。
63. hurting。考查动词-ing形式。stop sb. / sth. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事；阻碍某事发生。
fortably。考查副词。设空处作状语，用副词，故填comfortably。
65. be caught。考查被动语态。设空处所在句的主语the bigger fish与动词catch之间为被动关系，用被动语态，又因空前为will，故填be caught。
第一部分 听力（略）
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Bonn & the Rhine in Flames
Thursday 5 May to Monday 9 May
A relaxing 5-day rail break to Bonn, a great city on the Rhine.
Day 1 Travel to Bonn
Taking a mid-morning Eurostar from London's St Pancras station to Brussels Midi in Belgium where we connect with an InterCity Express train to Cologne. Here we make a final change of train and travel to Bonn where we enjoy a 4-night stay at the IntercityHotel.
Day 2 Drachenfels Cog Railway & a Tour of Schloss Drachenburg
Morning tram (电车) ride to K nigswinter to take the famous cog railway up the Drachenfels hill. Later we head to Schloss Drachenburg, built for the banker Baron Stephan von Sarter. Enjoy a guided tour of this 19th century villa (别墅).
Day 3‘Rhein in Flammen’Boat Cruise (乘船游览) & Firework Show
A free morning and early afternoon to spend exploring Bonn, known as the birthplace of Ludwig van Beethoven. A visit to this world famous composer's house is a must. From late afternoon we take a boat cruise along the Rhine and watch the beautiful ‘Rhein in Flammen' firework show.
Day 4 Wuppertal Schwebebahn
We take a morning train to Wuppertal and enjoy a return trip on the Schwebebahn hanging railway. The railway opened in 1901 and has been in almost continuous service above the city ever since. An important part of the Wuppertal transport system, this train is made even more attractive by the fact that the wheels are on the roof! We continue to Cologne and the afternoon is at leisure to explore the city. Early evening return to Bonn.
Day 5 Return Home to London
After breakfast we take a mid-morning train from Bonn back to Cologne's main station. Here we return to London.
5 Days from 785 per Person
PRICE INCLUDES
■ All rail travel as stated
■ Unlimited travel on local transport in Bonn city area
■ Excursions (游览) as listed
■ Accommodation ( 住 宿) in good, quality hotel on a bed and breakfast basis
■ Services of a tour leader from London and throughout the tour
21. On which day will tourists visit the famous composer Beethoven's house
A. Day 2. B. Day 3. C. Day 4. D. Day 5.
22. What do we know about Wuppertal Schwebebahn
A. It opened in 1921.
B. It is a hanging railway.
C. It is already out of service.
D. It was built by Stephan von Sarter.
23. What do tourists need to pay extra for during the trip
A. Breakfasts.
B. Services of a tour leader.
C. Lunches and evening meals.
D. Travel on local transport in Bonn.
B
It was in a brightly-lit room in Mexico City, Mexico, that on June 18, 2014 it was announced that India-born Dr Sanjaya Rajaram had been named the winner of the World Food Prize.
Dr Rajaram won this award for successfully crossbreeding ( 杂 交) the winter and spring wheat ( 小麦) varieties, which have been two distinct and isolated gene pools ( 分离的基因库) since the beginning of farming. And because of this breakthrough, the scientist has been able to breed over 480 wheat varieties.
Born in Varanasi in 1943, Dr Rajaram lived with his family off a plot of land growing wheat, rice and maize. “After my education here in India, I went off to Australia for my PhD and soon I joined CIMMYT (the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre) in Mexico, where my career as a plant breeder started,” said Dr Rajaram.
“Every country is unique — there are climate systems, culture, the financial situation and each of the nations I visited needed a different set of solutions,” said Dr Rajaram. His solutions became part of what is widely described as the world's first “wheat network”, a global exchange of “genetic information and innovations among researchers”. His varieties of wheat were strong in nutrition, delayed ( 延迟) the attack of some plant diseases and were able to survive the severest of conditions.
After nearly half a century in the field, Dr Rajaram said his work was still not finished. “In science, you never stop learning. I have been doing this all my life and I've never really had time for anything else. As far as hobbies go, well, there's a bit of music I like to listen to and that's pretty much it. I have been on a long journey of pushing the boundaries ( 边界) of what's possible and today, there's still work left. Learning must never stop and the world must not go hungry.”
24. Why was Dr Rajaram awarded the World Food Prize
A. He improved several wheat varieties genetically.
B. He crossbred the winter and spring wheat varieties.
C. He successfully bred two wheat varieties.
D. He found the difference between the winter and spring wheat varieties.
25. When did Dr Rajaram start to work on plant breeding
A. During his college years in India.
B. While doing his PhD in Australia.
C. After becoming a member of CIMMYT in Mexico.
D. While living with his family near wheat-growing land.
26. What is one advantage of the wheat varieties developed by Dr Rajaram
A. They can be planted in any season.
B. They are free from the attack of some pant diseases.
C. They can grow well in terrible environments.
D. They can grow taller than traditional ones.
27. What can we learn about Dr Rajaram from the last paragraph
A. He was too busy with work to develop any hobby.
B. He wasn't satisfied with the results of his research.
C. He planned to do research in a new field of science.
D. He made his mind to work on world food problems.
C
What might you expect to find at the bottom of the Antarctic Ocean Surely not an icefish breeding ground twice the size of Paris!
The breeding ground was discovered in February 2021, but the findings were only published recently. Located in the Weddell Sea, the ground stretched across 92 square miles of the ocean floor. Using a remotely operated camera and several dives, researchers concluded there are over 60 million active nests (巢穴).
Each nest could contain anywhere from 1, 500 to 2, 500 eggs, although it isn't certain how many of them survive to adulthood. Some nests were guarded by one or more icefish, while others were unguarded. Little is known about the icefish's breeding behavior, and a project to carefully study their behavior over the next two years is underway.
These unique fish live in the cold waters around Antarctica. Their translucent ( 半透明的) body and their dark fins make them look like something straight out of a sci-fi movie. In fact, their translucence is actually caused by their clear blood! Icefish lack red blood cells and instead have an antifreeze protein (抗冻蛋白质) that prevents their blood from freezing in the Antarctica water. They have also adapted to be able to take in oxygen through their skin.
The breeding grounds were actually located in a slightly warmer part of the ocean, around 2℃ warmer than the surrounding water. This could suggest that icefish are attracted to warmer waters, especially for their nests.
The previously discovered largest icefish breeding ground only includes less than a hundred nests. Finding a breeding ground of this size blows away many scientists and researchers. The nests, which were about 2.5 feet in diameter (直径), have shaped the sediment (沉积物) at the ocean floor. Scientists believe the large gathering of icefish could lead to changes in many other ocean animals' lives.
28. How many active icefish nests were discovered in 2021
A. Over 92 million.
B. About 2.5 million.
C. Nearly 1,500 million.
D. More than 60 million.
29. What area of icefish life is still to be studied
A. How they guard their nests.
B. How they produce their young.
C. How they look after their eggs.
D. How they survive to adulthood.
30. What makes icefish translucent
A. The freezing ocean water.
B. Their body temperature.
C. Their blood.
D. Their skin.
31. What will most probably be discussed following the last paragraph
A. The importance of research on icefish.
B. The reason why so many icefish come together.
C. The possible influence of the large icefish group.
D. The previous discovery of icefish breeding grounds.
D
Plants might be able to hear their neighbors, according to a study that suggests plants use the sound signal to communicate with one another.
“We have shown that plants can recognize when a good neighbor is growing next to them,” said study co-author Monica Gagliano, an evolutionary ecologist at the University of Western Australia. “We found that this communication can be based upon an acoustic (声音的) exchange.”
The findings suggest that plants can not only “smell” the chemicals and “see” the reflected light of their neighbors, they may also “listen” to the plants around them.
“Plants are more intricate organisms than we've given them credit for,” Gagliano said.
In the study, Gagliano and her workmate Michael Renton showed that chili plants sprouted faster and were healthier, compared with those grown in isolation, when they were grown next to “good neighbors”, such as basil.
Remarkably, the scientists got the same result even when the plants were separated by black plastic so that they could not exchange light or chemical signals.
The scientists said the study is groundbreaking but still in its early days, and admitted there are still many unanswered questions. For example, are plants intentionally (有意地) communicating with one another And if they are, do they all speak in a universal (通用的) “plant language” To these questions and more, Gagliano said, the answer is “we don't know”.
Gagliano thinks learning the secrets of plant communication could have practical applications (应用) that could benefit humans. She imagines farmers using music to encourage or discourage the growth of certain plants, reducing the need for pesticides.
Study co-author Renton warned, however, that the effects in their study were fairly small. “Whether it would be economically viable (经济上可行的),” he said, “for a farmer to play music to get that little extra growth speed, I think it's pointless and costly.”
32. What did the study find out about plants
A. They have a great influence on their neighboring animals.
B. They can sense their surroundings through sounds.
C. They can control their own growth in the dark.
D. They grow much healthier in isolation.
33. What does the underlined word “intricate” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Endangered. B. Natural. C. Complex. D. Productive.
34. What did the scientists think of their study
A. It is inspiring but the findings are limited.
B. It is a failure but the methods deserve praise.
C. It can help plants send signals more effectively.
D. It will draw public attention to the protection of plants.
35. What is Renton's attitude to the idea of using music to influence the growth of plants
A. Hopeful. B. Supportive. C. Uncaring. D. Opposed.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
I was barely one year old when my dad took me to one of the most magical places on Earth: Yellowstone National Park, the world's first protected area. Nature and all the special creatures that live in it have enveloped my childhood ever since. One day my teacher at school asked me what my father did for a living. 36
In his office, the walls are lined with photos of animals. 37 He took it in a place called Guadalupe Island, where he'll take me when I'm older. Every night I choose a book about sharks to read at bedtime. 38 And I know what I must do to protect them.
My dad Fernando says that being an environmental lawyer is hard sometimes. 39 Lawyers, he said, have to study a lot, know a lot of laws and use their brains to find ways to avoid damage to people and the environment. When my dad travels, I miss him a lot. 40 “Save so many dolphins,” I tell him when we talk on the phone. I think that when I'm older, I'll be a lawyer like my dad, defending the bears, sharks, trees and rivers.
A. My favorite is the white shark.
B. But I'm so happy that he's out there saving animals.
C. I already know the names of most species of sharks.
D. I proudly told him that he is a defender of the planet.
E. He has to fight against people that do things to harm the planet.
F. My dad held me close in his arms as I stretched out to touch the dolphin.
G. I'm not sure if my memories of Yellowstone are real or if they're all mixed up with photographs.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Observing is a process that lets us take a step closer to something. When giving the natural world our 41 , we can note the patterns ( 图 案) in a landscape or a leaf, or 42 see how animals behave.
Human brains are wired in a way that when we 43 something, we're more likely to love it. The more you look at and understand details in nature, the better you will know and 44 these little peculiarities (独特性). You will begin to 45 them, and recognize them.
By looking closely at aspects that might not seem 46 at first look, you may find new appreciation for them — this happened a few years ago when I 47 that birds were more than strange-looking creatures, but actually intelligent and beautiful creatures. I've never been a big bird-watcher, 48 now I am, and I love learning more about it. If you feel passionate ( 热爱的) about something, you usually want to help 49 it when it is endangered.
There are other 50 effects when observing nature. You usually grow calm and 51 when you are in a natural environment. This has actually been verified ( 证实) in studies, although I believe most of us already know it to be true.
Nature can be 52 everywhere. Even a single tree outside your window can have this 53 on you. Imagine what a walk through the woods can do. Wondering at the 54 and diversity of nature can help to quiet negative thoughts about yourself or others and bring a moment of 55 .
41. A. attention B. information C. advice D. trust
42. A. strangely B. slowly C. directly D. hardly
43. A. describe B. understand C. experience D. remember
44. A. like B. forget C. change D. share
45. A. give up on B. look out for C. take over D. use up
46. A. interesting B. important C. different D. difficult
47. A. wondered B. dreamed C. discovered D. promised
48. A. unless B. if C. so D. but
49. A. protect B. control C. miss D. choose
50. A. undesirable B. similar C. dangerous D. positive
51. A. rich B. old C. relaxed D. professional
52. A. explained B. observed C. discussed D. accepted
53. A. effect B. pressure C. point D. option
54. A. end B. beauty C. future D. purpose
55. A. boredom B. inspiration C. confusion D. peace
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Millions of species live on Earth, and they have to figure out how 56. __________ (share) resources such as food and shelter. Creatures interact 57. __________ one another in a variety of ways, and one of those important relationships is mutualism (共生关系).
To explore this relationship, let's consider a natural ecosystem such as the ocean. Oceanic environments are known for 58. __________ (they) wide variety of species. Imagine you are on a diving trip to explore the warm waters of the Pacific or Indian Oceans. You would likely spot a 59. __________ (wonder) example of mutualism: the relationship between clownfish 60. __________ sea anemones (海葵).
Mutualism is when two species, or 61. __________ (kind) of animals, help each other out. Sea anemones live attached to coral reefs. They have stinging tentacles ( 刺状触须) that can make fish senseless. Then anemones bring the fish into their mouths and eat them.
There is one type of fish that is safe, though. Clownfish have special mucus (黏液) on their bodies, 62. __________ stops the tentacles from 63. __________ (hurt) them. Clownfish are able to swim 64. __________ (comfortable) between the anemones. Other fish see the brightly colored clownfish. They come down looking for a meal. Then the bigger fish will 65. __________ (catch) by the anemones. This way, the anemones get to eat. At the same time, they keep the clownfish safe.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是李华，是某国际中学的学生会主席。下周五校学生会计划组织全校学生观看自然纪录片《大猫》（Big Cats），请你写一则英文通知刊登在校英文网站上，内容包括：
1. 放映时间和地点；
2. 纪录片内容：不同猫科动物的生活；
3. 欢迎大家积极参加。
注意：写作词数应为80左右。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
In Orchestra class, we had on Fridays something called Chair Challenge. You could challenge the next higher-up chair. The teacher selected a passage from the music and the person you were challenging would play it first — then you would play it. The teacher would determine which of you won.
If you won, you switched (交换) places with the loser and moved up one chair. And at the end of December, whoever was first-chair violin, first-chair viola and first-chair cello ( 大 提 琴) would play the three separate solos (独奏) in the big New Year Concert.
Hearing this I was determined to be the one who played the cello solo in the New Year Concert. I was second-chair, third-cello. In order for me to become first-chair, first-cello I would need to do five Chair Challenges — and win all five! And I only had six weeks to do it.
The school allowed us to take instruments home on weekends. I decided to take my cello home and practice hard. So every single Friday and then again on Monday, for six weeks I carried this big cello case onto and off the bus before and after school. Then I went home and practiced. I practiced any music we were playing in class. And I sounded terrible.
But I kept at it. And then a funny thing happened around the second week. I wasn't sounding that terrible anymore. And I realized I was getting better.
The first Chair Challenge the following Friday was a nervous affair. My hands were shaking badly. But when I finished the teacher smiled and said, “Challenge successful — switch chairs.” I felt excited.
I didn't dare tell anyone about my goal. I knew they'd tell me it was impossible.
The girl who was first-chair, firs-cello, Patricia, had been playing for years! Surely, to unseat Patricia would be very difficult.
But I kept practicing and winning my challenges, week after week — until it was the last Friday of December. I was now second-chair, first-cello. The teacher asked if there were any Chair Challenges. Patricia turned to me and laughed. “Well ... ” she said.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
“Challenge!” I called out. _____________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
The class cheered and clapped. ________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
参考答案
第一部分 听力（略）
21-25 BBCBC 26-30 CDDBC
31-35 CBCAD 36-40 DACEB
41-45 ACBAB 46-50 ACDAD
51-55 CBABD
56. to share 57. with 58. their 59. wonderful 60. and
61. kinds 62. which 63. hurting fortably 65. be caught
写作
第一节
One possible version:
Notice
To raise our students' awareness about wildlife protection, a famous nature documentary series called Big Cats will be shown from 4 p.m. to 6 p.m. in the school hall next Friday. The series uncovers the secret lives of big cats, using the latest technology and scientific research to bring these animal superstars out of the shadows. After the documentary, there will be a free talk for students present to share their feelings and ideas on how to protect wildlife.
You're all welcome! Join us and enjoy Big Cats!
The Students' Union
第二节
One possible version:
“Challenge!” I called out. Everyone laughed and cheered. The teacher pulled out two pieces of music. Patricia went first, being the challenged, and she played the passage beautifully. Only one little mistake. Then it was my turn. I was unfamiliar with this piece, but I'd been practicing, and my sight-reading had improved so much that I was confident I could do well. I took a deep breath and began. I played that passage so smoothly that it was like I'd been playing it all my life.
The class cheered and clapped. I was surprised. No one had ever clapped after a Chair Challenge. Even Patricia was clapping! The teacher had a smile as he nodded. “Challenge successful, switch. And, congratulations, First-Chair, First-Cello.” It turned out that the piece he had given us to play was the actual cello solo for the New Year Concert. I learned, from my personal experiences, that you can achieve what you set out to complete.
部分解析
阅读
第一节
A篇
主题语境：人与自我——生活
本文是应用文。文章为一则旅游广告。
21. B。理解具体信息。根据Day 3 ‘Rhein in Flammen' Boat Cruise & Firework Show部分中的A free morning and early afternoon to spend exploring Bonn, known as the birthplace of Ludwig van Beethoven. A visit to this world famous composer's house is a must可知，游客第三天将去参观著名作曲家贝多芬的故居。
22. B。理解具体信息。根据Day 4 Wuppertal Schwebebahn部分中的We take ... the Schwebebahn hanging railway. The railway opened in 1901 and has been in almost continuous service above the city ever since ... this train is made even more attractive by the fact that the wheels are on the roof!可知，Wuppertal Schwebebahn是一条悬挂铁路，自1901年开始一直运营着。
23. C。理解具体信息。根据PRICE INCLUDES部分的描述可知，旅行套餐中不包含游客的午餐和晚餐。
【补充说明】
cog railway：齿轨铁路，一种登山铁路。齿轨铁路在普通路轨中间的轨枕上，另外放置一条特别的齿轨。行走齿轨铁路的机车，配备了一个或多个齿轮，跟齿轨啮合着行走。这样机车便能克服黏着力不足的问题，把列车拉上陡峭的斜坡。
B篇
主题语境：人与社会——社会
本文是记叙文。小麦育种专家Sanjaya Rajaram成功培育出冬春杂交小麦品种，获得世界粮食奖。
24. B。理解具体信息。根据第二段中的Dr Rajaram won this award for successfully crossbreeding the winter and spring wheat varieties可知，Rajaram博士因成功培育出冬春杂交小麦品种而获得世界粮食奖。
25. C。理解具体信息。根据第三段中的I joined CIMMYT (the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre) in Mexico, where my career as a plant breeder started可知，Rajaram博士加入国际玉米小麦改良中心后，开始从事植物育种工作。
26. C。理解具体信息。根据第四段中的His varieties of wheat were strong in nutrition, delayed the attack of some plant diseases and were able to survive the severest of conditions可知，Rajaram博士培育的小麦品种能在恶劣的环境中生长。
27. D。推断。根据最后一段中的After nearly half a century in the field, Dr Rajaram said his work was still not finished和there's still work left. Learning must never stop and the world must not go hungry可知，Rajaram博士已经在粮食领域工作了数十年，他认为自己还有很多工作要做，需要不断学习，让世界人民不再饥饿。因此可推断，他决定致力于解决世界粮食问题。
C篇
主题语境：人与自然——自然生态
本文是说明文。科学家在深海发现大型银鱼巢穴群。
28. D。理解具体信息。根据第二段中的researchers concluded there are over 60 million active nests可知，研究者此次发现了六千多万个银鱼巢穴。
29. B。理解具体信息。根据第三段中的Little is known about the icefish's breeding behavior, and a project to carefully study their behavior over the next two years is underway可知，目前研究者对银鱼的繁殖行为知之甚少，正在做进一步的研究。
30. C。理解具体信息。根据第四段中的In fact, their translucence is actually caused by their clear blood! Icefish lack red blood cells可知，银鱼的血液中不含红细胞，这导致它们的身体呈半透明状。
31. C。推断。根据最后一段中的Scientists believe the large gathering of icefish could lead to changes in many other ocean animals' lives可知，科学家们认为如此大型的银鱼巢穴群会影响许多其他海洋生物的生存，因此作者接下来最有可能会介绍大型银鱼巢穴群对海洋生态产生的影响。
D篇
主题语境：人与自然——自然生态
本文是新闻报道。研究发现植物可以通过声音信号识别周围环境。
32. B。理解具体信息。根据第一段中的Plants might be able to hear their neighbors和plants use the sound signal to communicate with one another、第二段中的plants can recognize when a good neighbor is growing next to them和We found that this communication can be based upon an acoustic exchange以及第三段中的they may also “listen” to the plants around them可知，研究发现，植物可以通过声音信号识别周围的环境。
33. C。理解词汇。根据第三段中的plants can not only “smell” the chemicals and “see” the reflected light of their neighbors, they may also “listen” to the plants around them可知，植物不仅可以“闻到”化学物质、“看到”反射光，它们还可以“听到”周围植物的声音，因此植物比我们想象中复杂得多。intricate意为“复杂精细的”；give sb. credit for 相信某人有……。
34. A。推断。根据第七段中的The scientists said the study is groundbreaking but still in its early days, and admitted there are still many unanswered questions和To these questions and more, Gagliano said, the answer is “we don't know”可知，科学家们认为这项研究具有开创性的意义，但仍处于早期阶段，研究结果也很有限，关于植物之间如何沟通还存在很多未解之谜。groundbreaking意为“开创性的；革新的”。
35. D。理解观点、态度。根据最后一段中的Study coauthor Renton warned, however, that the effects in their study were fairly small和for a farmer to play music to get that little extra growth speed, I think it's pointless and costly可知，Renton认为让农民通过播放音乐促进农作物生长的做法是没有意义且成本高昂的，因此他对“使用音乐影响植物生长”的想法持否定态度。
第二节
主题语境：人与自然——环境保护
本文是记叙文。作者讲述自己的父亲成为环保律师和保护地球的故事。
36. D。根据上文中的One day my teacher at school asked me what my father did for a living可知，本空应填回答作者老师问题的句子，即回答作者父亲的职业是什么，因此D项符合此处内容。D项中的him和he分别指代上文中的my teacher与my father。
37. A。A项中的My favorite与上文中的the walls are lined with photos of animals相照应，同时下文中的sharks也是提示。
38. C。根据上文中的Every night I choose a book about sharks to read at bedtime可知，作者对鲨鱼非常感兴趣，每晚睡觉前都要阅读与鲨鱼相关的书籍，因此他对鲨鱼非常了解，故C项符合此处内容。
39. E。根据上文中的My dad Fernando says that being an environmental lawyer is hard sometimes可知，本空应填描述作者父亲职业的句子，因此E项符合此处内容。E项中的fight against people与上文中的hard相照应。
40. B。B项中的But I'm so happy与上文中的I miss him a lot在内容上构成转折关系，同时B项中的he's out there saving animals与下文中的Save so many dolphins相照应。
【补充说明】
Yellowstone National Park：黄石国家公园，简称黄石公园，是世界上第一个国家公园，于1978年被列入世界自然遗产名录。
语言运用
第一节
主题语境：人与自我——生活
本文是夹叙夹议文。作者鼓励我们走进自然，观察自然。
41. A。42. C。根据上文中的Observing is a process that lets us take a step closer to something和下文中的see how animals behave可知，当我们对自然界给予关注时，我们可以直接观察动物的行为。
43. B。根据下文中的The more you look at and understand details in nature可知，作者认为当我们了解某事时，我们更有可能爱上它。
44. A。上文中的love it提示本空选择like，属于同义词复现。
45. B。根据下文中的recognize them可知，观察和了解自然越多，我们就会越喜欢自然，于是我们会开始主动寻找并发现自然的独特之处。
46. A。根据下文中的at first look和I've never been a big bird-watcher ... now I am, and I love learning more about it可知，作者通过自己的经历明白了有些事物我们一开始并不会觉得有趣，但是通过仔细观察它们，我们可能会改变想法。
47. C。根据下文中的birds were more than strangelooking creatures, but actually intelligent and beautiful creatures可知，作者发现鸟不仅仅长相奇特，更是一种聪明又漂亮的生物。
48. D。上文中的I've never been a big bird- -watcher与下文中的now I am之间为转折关系。
49. A。根据上文中的feel passionate about something和下文中的when it is endangered可知，作者认为如果我们非常热爱某事物，我们通常会在它濒临毁灭的时候保护它。
50. D。根据上文中的内容以及下文中的You usually grow calm and ... when you are in a natural environment可知，作者在本段主要论述观察自然带来的其他积极影响。
51. C。根据上文中的You usually grow calm和下文中的quiet negative thoughts about yourself or others可知，观察自然可以让我们放轻松。
52. B。53. A。根据两空之间的Even a single tree outside your window和下文中的Imagine what a walk through the woods can do可知，作者认为大自然随处可见，即使观察窗外的一棵树也可以起到走进大自然的作用。
54. B。55. D。根据上文中的Wondering和两空之间的diversity以及quiet negative thoughts about yourself or others可知，作者认为惊叹于大自然的美丽和多样能够平和我们的内心，让我们获得片刻的安宁。quiet此处用作动词，表示“使平静，安静”。
第二节
主题语境：人与自然——自然生态
本文是说明文。文章介绍了小丑鱼与海葵之间的共生关系。
56. to share。考查动词不定式。how to do sth. 如何做某事。
57. with。考查介词。interact with 相互影响；相互作用。
58. their。考查代词。根据语境可知，此处表示“它们的”丰富的物种，故填形容词性物主代词their。
59. wonderful。考查形容词。设空处作前置定语，修饰example，表示“绝妙的”，用形容词，故填wonderful。
60. and。考查连词。relationship between ... and ... ……与……之间的关系。
61. kinds。考查可数名词的复数。kind意为“种类”，为可数名词，根据空前的two可知，设空处表示复数意义，故填kinds。
62. which。考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明先行词mucus，且在从句中作主语，故填which。
63. hurting。考查动词-ing形式。stop sb. / sth. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事；阻碍某事发生。
fortably。考查副词。设空处作状语，用副词，故填comfortably。
65. be caught。考查被动语态。设空处所在句的主语the bigger fish与动词catch之间为被动关系，用被动语态，又因空前为will，故填be caught。