(共46张PPT)
UNIT 1 Back to school
Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要语言点的基本用法。（语言能力）
2.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化所学语言点,并学以致用。（学习能力）
3.通过对教材的理解, 了解英语的八大句子成分和句子的八大基本结构的用法。（语言能力）
核心单词
知识点1 focus n．焦点；重点 vt.&vi.集中
（P6）Setting goals gives you a focus in life.
设定目标会让你专注生活。
知识拓展
focus on 关注；聚焦于
focus one's attention/thoughts/efforts on 集中注意力/心思/努力于……之上
be in focus 对焦；（照片）清晰
be out of focus不对焦；（照片）模糊
图解释义
There is no doubt that Bob was the focus of everyone's attention at the birthday party.
毫无疑问，鲍勃是生日聚会时人人关注的焦点。
名师点拨
表示“集中精力于……”的短语还有concentrate one's attention on、fix one's attention on、pay attention to、put one's heart into等。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）There is too much noise outside. I cannot focus my attention ____ my book.
on
（2）Once he ________（focus） on something, he would pay no attention to
anything else.
focused
（3）The students listened carefully to the teacher with their eyes ________（focus）
on the blackboard.
focused
Ⅱ.一句多译
（4）（2023·苏州中学月考）我建议你要集中注意力在你所学的东西上。
→I suggest you should ______________________________________.（put）
→I suggest you should __________________________________________.（focus）
put your heart into what you are studying
focus your attention on what you are studying
知识点2 base vt.以……为基础（依据） n.根据；基础；基底；总部；大本营＊basis n.基础＊basic adj.基础的；基本的＊basically adv.基本上
（P7）Instead, you should set goals based on your abilities and skills.
相反,你应该根据你的能力和技能设定目标。
知识拓展
base...on/upon... 把……建立在……上；以……为根据
be based on/upon 以……为根据/基础
图解释义
The movie，Hachi: A Dog's Tale， was produced, based on a true story.
电影《忠犬八公的故事》是根据一个真实的故事制作的。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）In my diary, I set down a series of things that __________（base） on facts.
are based
（2）_______（base） an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you
will regret it sooner or later.
Basing
Ⅱ.句式升级
（3）His film is based on his own experience, so it is very moving and attractive.
→___________________________, his film is very moving and attractive.（动词-ed形
式作状语）
Based on his own experience
知识点3 remind vt.提醒；使想起
（P7）This will remind you of what you are working for and keep you focused.
这会提醒你为了什么而努力,并且让你精力集中。
知识拓展
remind sb of/about sb/sth 使某人想起某人/某事
remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事
remind sb that... 提醒某人……
经典佳句
What the teacher had said reminded me of the famous saying， “Where there is a will, there is a way.”
老师的话让我想起了“有志者，事竟成”这句著名的谚语。
名师点拨
与remind sb of sth结构相同的短语：
warn sb of sth提醒/警告某人某事
inform sb of sth通知某人某事
cure sb of sth治愈某人某种疾病
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）You must remind him ________（take） his medicine, in case he forgets.
to take
（2）Passengers _____________（remind） that no smoking is allowed on this train.
are reminded
（3）This reminds me ___ what we did together during our holiday.
of
Ⅱ.单句写作
（4）Lu Xun______________________________ by inscribing the character “zao” on
his desk.
鲁迅在他的桌子上刻了一个“早”字来提醒自己早起。
reminded himself to get up early
（5）（2023·江苏昆山模拟）These photos ___________________________ .
这些照片让我想起了我的大学生活。
remind me of my college life
短语句式
知识点4 as a result of由于；因为
（P6）As a result of your action, your dream will come true and hopefully you will live a happy life.
由于你采取了行动,你的梦想会实现并且你有望过上幸福的生活。
知识拓展
as a result 结果
result in 引起；导致；造成（后接结果）
result from 由……引起（后接原因）
without result（=in vain） 没有结果；白费
经典佳句
As a result of the greenhouse effect, the Earth's temperature is increasing.
由于温室效应，地球的温度在升高。
名师点拨
（1）as a result是副词短语，单独使用，作状语，可用逗号隔开；as a result of是介词短语，后接名词、代词、动词-ing形式以及what引导的宾语从句。
（2）because of、thanks to、due to、owing to等短语也表示“因为；由于”。
融会应用
Ⅰ.用result的相关短语填空
（1）His not studying hard ___________ his failure in exams and ___________， he
was expelled（开除）.Though he tried every means to save it, his attempts were
_____________ and he had to drop out of school.
resulted in
as a result
without result
Ⅱ.单句写作
（2）Sickness often __________________ too much.
疾病往往由吃得太多引起。
results from eating
（3）Failure to observe park rules could ____________________out of the park
without refund.
不遵守公园的规章制度将会导致被驱逐出公园且不退款。
result in being driven
知识点5 动词-ing形式作主语
（P6）Setting goals gives you a focus in life.
设定目标会让你专注生活。
知识拓展
本句中setting goals为动词-ing形式作主语。
（1）动词-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
（2）动词-ing形式作主语时，如果要突出其动作的执行者，要在前面加上逻辑主语。动词-ing形式的逻辑主语常用名词所有格形式或形容词性物主代词。
Saying is easier than doing.说比做容易。
The students' learning English well will help them to know more about the world.
学生学好英语将有助于他们更多地了解世界。
His missing the train caused him to stay in the city for another day.
他误了火车，这让他得在那座城市再待一天。
名师点拨
动词-ing形式作主语时，有时用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语移至句尾。常见句型为It is no use/no good/a waste of time doing sth。
It is a waste of time arguing with him.
和他争辩浪费时间。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）_______（take） notes is a good habit for students.
Taking
（2）Planning so far in advance _______ （make） no sense—so many things will
have changed by next year.
makes
（3）_________（learn） to think critically is an important skill today's children will
need for the future.
Learning
句子成分和句子结构
自主探究
分析下列句子，并注意观察句子成分和句子结构。
1.Today is the start of a new term, the start of a three-year journey and the start of a promising future.
2.I can't wait to describe to you what junior high school life is like.
3.However, for those of you with a positive mind, opportunity lies in each challenge.
4.Senior high school will help you learn and grow, yet you alone are responsible for realizing your great potential.
5.When you rise to the challenges, you will have the opportunity to acquire great knowledge and enjoy personal growth.
6.As a senior high school student, you must make efforts to improve your communication and problem-solving skills.
我的发现
（1）句1中Today是______；the start of a new term是______。句1结构为
__________________。
主语
表语
主语+系动词+表语
（2）句2中I是______；you是__________；what junior high school life is like是
__________。句2结构为_____________________________。
主语
间接宾语
直接宾语
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
（3）句3中opportunity是______；lies in是______；each challenge是______。句3结构
为________________。
主语
谓语
宾语
主语+谓语+宾语
（4）句4中Senior high school是______；will help是______；you是______；learn and
grow是____________。句4结构为___________________________。
主语
谓语
宾语
宾语补足语
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
（5）句5中第2个you是______；will have 是______；the opportunity是______；to
acquire great knowledge and enjoy personal growth是______。
主语
谓语
宾语
定语
（6）句6中you是______；must make是______；efforts是______；to improve your
communication and problem-solving skills是______。句6结构为
_____________________。
主语
谓语
宾语
状语
主语+谓语+宾语+状语
探究点1 句子成分
构成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分，主要成分有主语和谓语，次要成分有宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
一、主语
基本 概念 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，表示句子说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”
句中 位置 陈述句中放在句首或谓语之前，但在there be结构以及主语不是疑问词的疑问
句和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面
表现 形式 名词（短语）、代词、数词、动词不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）、名词化
的形容词以及从句
典型 例句 During the 1990s, American country music became more and more popular.
（名词）
We often speak English in class.（代词）
One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式短语）
Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）
The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（从句）
It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后
面的不定式）
续表
二、谓语
基本 概念 谓语说明主语所做的动作或主语的特征和状态。一般由动词担任，其人称和数
必须与主语一致，有时态、语态和语气的变化
句中 位置 一般在主语后（疑问句、倒装句除外）
表现 形式 动词（短语）、情态动词+动词原形、某些动词+不定式（如happen/would
like/seem等）、连系动词
典型 例句 He has caught a cold.（动词）
You may keep the book for two weeks.（情态动词+动词原形）
I would like to invite all my friends here.（动词+不定式）
We are students.（连系动词）
三、表语
基本 概念 与连系动词连用，说明主语的性质、特征、身份、类别、状态等
句中 位置 一般位于连系动词（如be/become/get/look/seem/turn/feel等）之后
表现 形式 名词（短语）、代词、数词、形容词、某些副词、不定式（短语）、动名词
（短语）、分词、介词短语或从句
典型 例句 Our English teacher is an American.（名词）
Is it yours？（代词）
The weather has turned cold.（形容词）
The speech is exciting.（分词）
Three times seven is twenty one.（数词）
His job is to teach English.（不定式）
His hobby is playing football.（动名词）
The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）
Time is up. The class is over.（副词）
The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
续表
四、宾语
基本 概念 表示动作、行为的对象或承受者，包括单宾语、双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）
和复合宾语三种形式
句中 位置 一般在及物动词或介词后；间接宾语通常放在直接宾语前，也可在其后，但此时
前面须加介词to或for；直接宾语为人称代词时，间接宾语一般后置
表现 形式 名词（短语）、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短
语）、从句等
典型 例句 You can leave your pet with me while travelling.（名词）
He gave me some good advice.（代词、名词）
Please take them to the waiting room.（代词）
They only bought three.（数词）
He's always helping the poor.（名词化的形容词）
He refused to do it.（不定式短语）
Tom likes playing football.（动名词短语）
I don't know if the plane will arrive on time.（从句）
续表
五、补语
基本 概念 补充说明宾语或主语的特征或情况等，分别叫作宾语补足语和主语补足语
句中 位置 宾语补足语通常置于宾语之后，主语补足语通常置于主语和谓语之后
表现 形式 名词（短语）、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式（短语）、分词（短语）
典型 例句 We made him our monitor.（宾补，名词）
I found it difficult to learn maths.（宾补，形容词）
We showed him around.（宾补，副词）
The machine was found in a bad state.（主补，介词短语）
The factory was ordered to be closed.（主补，不定式短语）
He was seen opening the window.（主补，现在分词短语）
He has just had his hair cut.（宾补，过去分词）
续表
六、定语
基本 概念 定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的句子成分，它说明人或物的状态、品
质、数量及所属关系等
句中 位置 单个的词常放在被修饰的名词前，短语和从句放在所修饰的名词之后；副词常
放在被修饰的名词后；不定代词的定语常放在其后
表现 形式 名词、形容词、代词、数词、副词、名词所有格、不定式（短语）、动名词、
分词（短语）、介词短语或从句
典型 例句 Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
China is a developing country；America is a developed country.（分词）
There are thirty women teachers in our school.（数词、名词）
Women there were living a terrible life.（副词）
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（代词、不定式短语）
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）
He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）
This is the book that he bought yesterday.（从句）
续表
七、状语
基本 概念 修饰动词、形容词、副词以及句子，表示动作发生的时间、地点、目的、方
式等。其在句中的位置比较灵活
状语 分类 时间、原因、地点、目的、让步、程度、条件、结果、方式、比较、伴随状
语等
表现 形式 副词、介词短语、不定式（短语）、分词（短语）、形容词（短语）、名词
（短语）、独立结构、从句等
典型 例句 The old man sat in the chair，motionless and speechless.（形容词，方式）
Dinner being ready， our mother called us to the table.（独立结构，时间）
There are many kinds of living things in the sea.（介词短语，地点）
典型 例句 The old buildings were pulled down because a new road will be built here.
（从句，原因）
He went to Australia to find a better job.（不定式短语，目的）
He spoke so fast that I couldn't follow him.（从句，结果）
If it rains, we will not go hiking.（从句，条件）
In spite of my great efforts， I failed.（介词短语，让步）
He was deeply moved.（副词，程度）
She went upstairs， singing and smiling.（分词，伴随）
The weather was worse than I had expected.（从句，比较）
续表
探究点2 句子结构
英语句子的八种基本结构如下：
基本结构一：主谓——主语+谓语（SV）
基本结构二：主系表——主语+连系动词+表语（SVP）
基本结构三：主谓宾——主语+谓语+宾语（SVP）
基本结构四：主谓宾宾——主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（SVOO）
基本结构五：主谓宾补——主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（SVOC）
基本结构六：主谓状——主语+谓语+状语（SVA）
基本结构七：主谓宾状——主语+谓语+宾语+状语（SVOA）
基本结构八：存现句——引导词there引导的句子
一、主谓——主语+谓语（SV）
“主谓”结构中的谓语动词是不及物动词，后面不能跟宾语，也无被动语态。如agree、 lie、 work、 argue、 smile、 come、 go、 reply等。
Tom has arrived.
He smiled.
二、主系表——主语+连系动词+表语（SVP）
连系动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语的身份、特征、类属、状态等的表语。连系动词除了be动词之外，还有：
1.表示感官的动词（feel、 appear、 look、 smell、 taste、 sound等）；
2.表示状态延续的动词（remain、 stay、 keep、 continue等）；
3.表示转变、变化的动词（become、 get、 turn、 go、 run、 fall、 come、 grow等）。
Your pet dog is there.
Tom becamea doctor.
三、主谓宾——主语+谓语+宾语（SVO）
“主谓宾”结构中的谓语动词为只带一个宾语的及物动词，这种动词被称为单宾语及物动词。
I love you.
I don't know how to learn English.
She said that she would study hard.
四、主谓宾宾——主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（SVOO）
“主谓宾宾”结构中的谓语动词为能带一个间接宾语和一个直接宾语的及物动词，这类动词被称为双宾语及物动词。一般来说，宾语指人为间接宾语，宾语指物为直接宾语。如果直接宾语放在及物动词之后、间接宾语之前，那么两个宾语之间要加一个介词（to、 for等）。
My father bought me a car.（me为间接宾语, a car 为直接宾语）
The singer sang us another song.=The singer sang another song for us.（us为间接宾语, another song 为直接宾语）
The teacher offered some advice on learning English to us.（us为间接宾语，some advice为直接宾语）
五、主谓宾补——主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（SVOC）
“主谓宾补”结构中的谓语动词为能带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的及物动词，这类动词叫作复合宾语及物动词。宾语补足语是用来描述或说明宾语的动作、状态或特征。宾语是宾语补足语的逻辑主语（暗含的主语）。
Tom made the baby laugh.
His illness left him weak.
We found ourselves in great trouble.
What made you here
六、主谓状——主语+谓语+状语（SVA）
The meetingbegins at half past nine.
The books of this kind sell well.
Many changes took place in my hometown.
七、主谓宾状——主语+谓语+宾语+状语（SVOA）
Shestopped teaching English two years ago.
I will do it tomorrow.
I like to swim this afternoon.
八、存现句——引导词there引导的句子
Thereis a sports centre in our school.
Ⅰ.指出下列句子中画线部分充当的成分
1.The studentsgot on the school bus.( )
主语；定语
2.He handed me the newspaper.( )
间接宾语
3.I shall answer your question after class.( )
谓语；状语
4.What a beautiful Chinese painting!( )
定语
5.They went hunting together early in the morning.( )
状语；状语
6.Hisjob is to train swimmers.( )
定语；表语
7.He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.( )
宾语；状语
8.Here comes the bus.( )
谓语；主语
9.He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.( )
表语
10.His wishis to become a scientist.( )
主语；表语
Ⅱ.单句写作
1.____________________________ in the early morning. （SVP）
在早晨这条河看上去非常美丽。
The river looks very beautiful
2.Listen, ________________________________.（SVA）
听，一个婴儿正在隔壁房间里哭。
a baby is crying in the next room
3._________________________________in the evening.（SVOA）
我通常晚上在家做功课。
I usually do my homework at home
4.Now ______________________________________________.（SVOO）
农民正在教那个男孩怎样种树。
the farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree
5.When he came in, _________________________.（SVOC）
当他进来时，他发现老人死了。
he found the old man dead
6._______________________ indeed.（SVP）
这个蛋糕尝起来确实很美味可口。
The cake tastes deliciousUnit 1
Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage
【学习目标】
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要语言点的基本用法。(语言能力)
2.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化所学语言点,并学以致用。(学习能力)
3.通过对教材的理解, 了解英语的八大句子成分和句子的八大基本结构的用法。(语言能力)
【合作探究】
新知探究
核 心 单 词
知识点1 focus n.焦点;重点 vt.&vi.集中
(P6)Setting goals gives you a focus in life.
设定目标会让你专注生活。
知识拓展
focus on 关注;聚焦于
focus one's attention/thoughts/efforts on 集中注意力/心思/努力于……之上
be in focus 对焦;(照片)清晰
be out of focus不对焦;(照片)模糊
图解释义
There is no doubt that Bob was the focus of everyone's attention at the birthday party.
毫无疑问,鲍勃是生日聚会时人人关注的焦点。
名师点拨
表示“集中精力于……”的短语还有concentrate one's attention on、fix one's attention on、pay attention to、put one's heart into等。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)There is too much noise outside. I cannot focus my attention my book.
(2)Once he (focus) on something, he would pay no attention to anything else.
(3)The students listened carefully to the teacher with their eyes (focus) on the blackboard.
Ⅱ.一句多译
(4)(2023·苏州中学月考)我建议你要集中注意力在你所学的东西上。
→I suggest you should .(put)
→I suggest you should .(focus)
答案 (1)on (2)focused (3)focused (4)put your heart into what you are studying;focus your attention on what you are studying
知识点2 base vt.以……为基础(依据) n.根据;基础;基底;总部;大本营 *basis n.基础 *basic adj.基础的;基本的 *basically adv.基本上
(P7)Instead, you should set goals based on your abilities and skills.
相反,你应该根据你的能力和技能设定目标。
知识拓展
base...on/upon... 把……建立在……上;以……为根据
be based on/upon 以……为根据/基础
图解释义
The movie,Hachi: A Dog's Tale, was produced, based on a true story.
电影《忠犬八公的故事》是根据一个真实的故事制作的。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)In my diary, I set down a series of things that (base) on facts.
(2) (base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.
Ⅱ.句式升级
(3)His film is based on his own experience, so it is very moving and attractive.
→ , his film is very moving and attractive.(动词-ed形式作状语)
答案 (1)are based (2)Basing (3)Based on his own experience
知识点3 remind vt.提醒;使想起
(P7)This will remind you of what you are working for and keep you focused.
这会提醒你为了什么而努力,并且让你精力集中。
知识拓展
remind sb of/about sb/sth 使某人想起某人/某事
remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事
remind sb that... 提醒某人……
经典佳句
What the teacher had said reminded me of the famous saying, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”
老师的话让我想起了“有志者,事竟成”这句著名的谚语。
名师点拨
与remind sb of sth结构相同的短语:
warn sb of sth提醒/警告某人某事
inform sb of sth通知某人某事
cure sb of sth治愈某人某种疾病
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)You must remind him (take) his medicine, in case he forgets.
(2)Passengers (remind) that no smoking is allowed on this train.
(3)This reminds me what we did together during our holiday.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)Lu Xun by inscribing the character “zao” on his desk.
鲁迅在他的桌子上刻了一个“早”字来提醒自己早起。
(5)(2023·江苏昆山模拟)These photos .
这些照片让我想起了我的大学生活。
答案 (1)to take (2)are reminded (3)of
(4)reminded himself to get up early (5)remind me of my college life
短 语 句 式
知识点4 as a result of由于;因为
(P6)As a result of your action, your dream will come true and hopefully you will live a happy life.
由于你采取了行动,你的梦想会实现并且你有望过上幸福的生活。
知识拓展
as a result 结果
result in 引起;导致;造成(后接结果)
result from 由……引起(后接原因)
without result(=in vain) 没有结果;白费
经典佳句
As a result of the greenhouse effect, the Earth's temperature is increasing.
由于温室效应,地球的温度在升高。
名师点拨
(1)as a result是副词短语,单独使用,作状语,可用逗号隔开;as a result of是介词短语,后接名词、代词、动词-ing形式以及what引导的宾语从句。
(2)because of、thanks to、due to、owing to等短语也表示“因为;由于”。
融会应用
Ⅰ.用result的相关短语填空
(1)His not studying hard his failure in exams and , he was expelled(开除).Though he tried every means to save it, his attempts were and he had to drop out of school.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(2)Sickness often too much.
疾病往往由吃得太多引起。
(3)Failure to observe park rules could out of the park without refund.
不遵守公园的规章制度将会导致被驱逐出公园且不退款。
答案 (1)resulted in; as a result; without result
(2)results from eating (3)result in being driven
知识点5 动词-ing形式作主语
(P6)Setting goals gives you a focus in life.
设定目标会让你专注生活。
知识拓展
本句中setting goals为动词-ing形式作主语。
(1)动词-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
(2)动词-ing形式作主语时,如果要突出其动作的执行者,要在前面加上逻辑主语。动词-ing形式的逻辑主语常用名词所有格形式或形容词性物主代词。
Saying is easier than doing.说比做容易。
The students' learning English well will help them to know more about the world.
学生学好英语将有助于他们更多地了解世界。
His missing the train caused him to stay in the city for another day.
他误了火车,这让他得在那座城市再待一天。
名师点拨
动词-ing形式作主语时,有时用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语移至句尾。常见句型为It is no use/no good/a waste of time doing sth。
It is a waste of time arguing with him.
和他争辩浪费时间。
融会应用
单句填空
(1) (take) notes is a good habit for students.
(2)Planning so far in advance (make) no sense—so many things will have changed by next year.
(3) (learn) to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.
答案 (1)Taking (2)makes (3)Learning
语法探究
句子成分和句子结构
自主探究
分析下列句子,并注意观察句子成分和句子结构。
1.Today is the start of a new term, the start of a three-year journey and the start of a promising future.
2.I can't wait to describe to you what junior high school life is like.
3.However, for those of you with a positive mind, opportunity lies in each challenge.
4.Senior high school will help you learn and grow, yet you alone are responsible for realizing your great potential.
5.When you rise to the challenges, you will have the opportunity to acquire great knowledge and enjoy personal growth.
6.As a senior high school student, you must make efforts to improve your communication and problem-solving skills.
我的发现
(1)句1中Today是 ;the start of a new term是 。句1结构为 。
(2)句2中I是 ;you是 ;what junior high school life is like是 。句2结构为 。
(3)句3中opportunity是 ;lies in是 ;each challenge是 。句3结构为 。
(4)句4中Senior high school是 ;will help是 ;you是 ;learn and grow是 。句4结构为 。
(5)句5中第2个you是 ;will have 是 ;the opportunity是 ;to acquire great knowledge and enjoy personal growth是 。
(6)句6中you是 ;must make是 ;efforts是 ;to improve your communication and problem-solving skills是 。句6结构为 。
答案
(1)主语; 表语; 主语+系动词+表语
(2)主语; 间接宾语; 直接宾语; 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
(3)主语; 谓语;宾语;主语+谓语+宾语
(4)主语;谓语;宾语;宾语补足语;主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
(5)主语;谓语;宾语;定语
(6)主语;谓语;宾语;状语;主语+谓语+宾语+状语
探究点1 句子成分
构成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分,主要成分有主语和谓语,次要成分有宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
一、主语
基本 概念 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,表示句子说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”
句中 位置 陈述句中放在句首或谓语之前,但在there be结构以及主语不是疑问词的疑问句和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面
表现 形式 名词(短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、名词化的形容词以及从句
典型 例句 During the 1990s, American country music became more and more popular.(名词) We often speak English in class.(代词) One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词) To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式短语) Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词) The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(从句) It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)
二、谓语
基本 概念 谓语说明主语所做的动作或主语的特征和状态。一般由动词担任,其人称和数必须与主语一致,有时态、语态和语气的变化
句中 位置 一般在主语后(疑问句、倒装句除外)
表现 形式 动词(短语)、情态动词+动词原形、某些动词+不定式(如happen/would like/seem等)、连系动词
典型 例句 He has caught a cold.(动词) You may keep the book for two weeks.(情态动词+动词原形) I would like to invite all my friends here.(动词+不定式) We are students.(连系动词)
三、表语
基本 概念 与连系动词连用,说明主语的性质、特征、身份、类别、状态等
句中 位置 一般位于连系动词(如be/become/get/look/seem/turn/feel等)之后
表现 形式 名词(短语)、代词、数词、形容词、某些副词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、分词、介词短语或从句
典型 例句 Our English teacher is an American.(名词) Is it yours (代词) The weather has turned cold.(形容词) The speech is exciting.(分词) Three times seven is twenty one.(数词) His job is to teach English.(不定式) His hobby is playing football.(动名词) The machine must be out of order.(介词短语) Time is up.The class is over.(副词) The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)
四、宾语
基本 概念 表示动作、行为的对象或承受者,包括单宾语、双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)和复合宾语三种形式
句中 位置 一般在及物动词或介词后;间接宾语通常放在直接宾语前,也可在其后,但此时前面须加介词to或for;直接宾语为人称代词时,间接宾语一般后置
表现 形式 名词(短语)、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句等
典型 例句 You can leave your pet with me while travelling.(名词) He gave me some good advice.(代词、名词) Please take them to the waiting room.(代词) They only bought three.(数词) He's always helping the poor.(名词化的形容词) He refused to do it.(不定式短语) Tom likes playing football.(动名词短语) I don't know if the plane will arrive on time.(从句)
五、补语
基本 概念 补充说明宾语或主语的特征或情况等,分别叫作宾语补足语和主语补足语
句中 位置 宾语补足语通常置于宾语之后,主语补足语通常置于主语和谓语之后
表现 形式 名词(短语)、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、分词(短语)
典型 例句 We made him our monitor.(宾补,名词) I found it difficult to learn maths.(宾补,形容词) We showed him around.(宾补,副词) The machine was found in a bad state.(主补,介词短语) The factory was ordered to be closed.(主补,不定式短语) He was seen opening the window.(主补,现在分词短语) He has just had his hair cut.(宾补,过去分词)
六、定语
基本 概念 定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的句子成分,它说明人或物的状态、品质、数量及所属关系等
句中 位置 单个的词常放在被修饰的名词前,短语和从句放在所修饰的名词之后;副词常放在被修饰的名词后;不定代词的定语常放在其后
表现 形式 名词、形容词、代词、数词、副词、名词所有格、不定式(短语)、动名词、分词(短语)、介词短语或从句
典型 例句 Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词) China is a developing country;America is a developed country.(分词) There are thirty women teachers in our school.(数词、名词) Women there were living a terrible life.(副词) Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(代词、不定式短语) The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词) He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语) This is the book that he bought yesterday.(从句)
七、状语
基本 概念 修饰动词、形容词、副词以及句子,表示动作发生的时间、地点、目的、方式等。其在句中的位置比较灵活
状语 分类 时间、原因、地点、目的、让步、程度、条件、结果、方式、比较、伴随状语等
表现 形式 副词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、分词(短语)、形容词(短语)、名词(短语)、独立结构、从句等
典型 例句 The old man sat in the chair,motionless and speechless.(形容词,方式) Dinner being ready, our mother called us to the table.(独立结构,时间) There are many kinds of living things in the sea.(介词短语,地点) The old buildings were pulled down because a new road will be built here.(从句,原因) He went to Australia to find a better job.(不定式短语,目的) He spoke so fast that I couldn't follow him.(从句,结果) If it rains, we will not go hiking.(从句,条件) In spite of my great efforts, I failed.(介词短语,让步) He was deeply moved.(副词,程度) She went upstairs, singing and smiling.(分词,伴随) The weather was worse than I had expected.(从句,比较)
探究点2 句子结构
英语句子的八种基本结构如下:
基本结构一:主谓——主语+谓语(SV)
基本结构二:主系表——主语+连系动词+表语(SVP)
基本结构三:主谓宾——主语+谓语+宾语(SVO)
基本结构四:主谓宾宾——主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(SVOO)
基本结构五:主谓宾补——主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(SVOC)
基本结构六:主谓状——主语+谓语+状语(SVA)
基本结构七:主谓宾状——主语+谓语+宾语+状语(SVOA)
基本结构八:存现句——引导词there引导的句子
一、主谓——主语+谓语(SV)
“主谓”结构中的谓语动词是不及物动词,后面不能跟宾语,也无被动语态。如agree、 lie、 work、 argue、 smile、 come、 go、 reply等。
Tom has arrived.
He smiled.
二、主系表——主语+连系动词+表语(SVP)
连系动词不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语的身份、特征、类属、状态等的表语。连系动词除了be动词之外,还有:
1.表示感官的动词(feel、 appear、 look、 smell、 taste、 sound等);
2.表示状态延续的动词(remain、 stay、 keep、 continue等);
3.表示转变、变化的动词(become、 get、 turn、 go、 run、 fall、 come、 grow等)。
Your pet dog is there.
Tom became a doctor.
三、主谓宾——主语+谓语+宾语(SVO)
“主谓宾”结构中的谓语动词为只带一个宾语的及物动词,这种动词被称为单宾语及物动词。
I love you.
I don't know how to learn English.
She said that she would study hard.
四、主谓宾宾——主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(SVOO)
“主谓宾宾”结构中的谓语动词为能带一个间接宾语和一个直接宾语的及物动词,这类动词被称为双宾语及物动词。一般来说,宾语指人为间接宾语,宾语指物为直接宾语。如果直接宾语放在及物动词之后、间接宾语之前,那么两个宾语之间要加一个介词(to、 for等)。
My father bought me a car.(me为间接宾语, a car 为直接宾语)
The singer sang us another song.=The singer sang another song for us.(us为间接宾语, another song 为直接宾语)
The teacher offered some advice on learning English to us.(us为间接宾语,some advice为直接宾语)
五、主谓宾补——主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(SVOC)
“主谓宾补”结构中的谓语动词为能带复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)的及物动词,这类动词叫作复合宾语及物动词。宾语补足语是用来描述或说明宾语的动作、状态或特征。宾语是宾语补足语的逻辑主语(暗含的主语)。
Tom made the baby laugh.
His illness left him weak.
We found ourselves in great trouble.
What made you here
六、主谓状——主语+谓语+状语(SVA)
The meeting begins at half past nine.
The books of this kind sell well.
Many changes took place in my hometown.
七、主谓宾状——主语+谓语+宾语+状语(SVOA)
She stopped teaching English two years ago.
I will do it tomorrow.
I like to swim this afternoon.
八、存现句——引导词there引导的句子
There is a sports centre in our school.
【随堂检测】
Ⅰ.指出下列句子中画线部分充当的成分
1.The students got on the school bus. ( )
2.He handed me the newspaper. ( )
3.I shall answer your question after class. ( )
4.What a beautiful Chinese painting! ( )
5.They went hunting together early in the morning. ( )
6.His job is to train swimmers. ( )
7.He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. ( )
8.Here comes the bus. ( )
9.He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. ( )
10.His wish is to become a scientist. ( )
答案 1.主语;定语 2.间接宾语 3.谓语;状语
4.定语 5.状语;状语 6.定语;表语 7.宾语;状语
8.谓语;主语 9.表语 10.主语;表语
Ⅱ.单句写作
1. in the early morning. (SVP)
在早晨这条河看上去非常美丽。
2.Listen, .(SVA)
听,一个婴儿正在隔壁房间里哭。
3. in the evening.(SVOA)
我通常晚上在家做功课。
4.Now .(SVOO)
农民正在教那个男孩怎样种树。
5.When he came in, .(SVOC)
当他进来时,他发现老人死了。
6. indeed.(SVP)
这个蛋糕尝起来确实很美味可口。
答案 1. The river looks very beautiful 2.a baby is crying in the next room 3.I usually do my homework at home 4.the farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree 5.he found the old man dead 6.The cake tastes delicious
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