Unit 2
Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage
【学习目标】
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要语言点的基本用法。(语言能力)
2.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化所学语言点,并学以致用。(学习能力)
3.通过对教材的理解,了解简单句、并列句和复合句的用法。(语言能力)
【合作探究】
新知探究
核 心 单 词
知识点1 design vt.设计;构思;制订;计划;筹划 n.设计;设计艺术 *designer n.设计师;设计者;谋划者
(P20)So, we have designed TeenHealthWeb to help you along the journey to adulthood.
因此,我们设计了青少年健康网来帮助你走向成年。
知识拓展
by design 故意地;蓄意地
design sth to do sth 为做……设计……
design sth for...为……设计……
be designed for sth 为……而设计
熟词生义
design vt.筹划;计划
He has designed to go to Australia for a trip in the fall.
他已经打算秋天去澳大利亚旅行。
名师点拨
by design的同义短语为on purpose,反义短语为by accident。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)He became a photographer more by accident than design.
(2)This building is designed weddings and other celebrations.
(3)HUNCH (design) to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)The programme who have been out of work for a long time.
这项活动的目的是帮助下岗很长时间的人。
答案 (1)by (2)for (3)is designed (4)is designed to help people
知识点2 likely adj.可能的;预料的;有希望的 *unlikely adj.不太可能的
(P20)It is likely that the matter has already been discussed on our forum.
很可能这个问题在我们论坛上已经讨论过了。
知识拓展
be likely to do sth 很可能做某事
It is likely that ... 很可能……
sb is likely to do sth某人有可能做某事
经典佳句
We've just heard a warning on the radio that a hurricane is likely to come.
我们刚从广播里听到一则警报说一场飓风可能会到来。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)That means the price is likely (go) down because of the competition.
(2)If you can find good learning methods, your learning efficiency is likely (improve).
Ⅱ.一句多译
(3)他很可能会同意我们出国留学的计划。
→He agree to our plan to study abroad.
→ he will agree to our plan to study abroad.
答案 (1)to go (2)to be improved (3)is very likely to;It is very likely that
知识点3 performance n.表现;表演;执行;履行 *perform vi. & vt.表演vt.履行;执行vi.工作;运转 *performer n.表演者;演出者;演员
(P21)Right now,it's just making you anxious and having a bad influence on your performance.
现在,这只会让你感到焦虑,并对你的表现产生不良影响。
知识拓展
perform an operation/experiment 做手术/实验
perform well/badly表现得好/不好;运转得好/不好
经典佳句
On arriving there, we will give them an excellent performance, which I believe will bring a lot of happiness to them.
一到那里,我们就会给他们呈现一场精彩的表演,我相信这会给他们带来很多快乐。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)Our team (perform) very well in the game yesterday and won first prize.
(2) (perform) by a famous musician, the music sounds wonderful.
(3)Your (perform) as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.
答案 (1)performed (2)Performed (3)performance
短 语 句 式
知识点4 look around 环顾四周;游览;参观
(P20)There is a lot to see, so take some time to look around our website!
有很多内容可看,因此花点时间浏览一下我们的网站吧。
知识拓展
look over 仔细查看;翻阅
look into 调查
look on 旁观
look forward to 盼望
look up 查找;好转;拜访
look up to 尊敬;钦佩
look down on/upon 瞧不起;轻视;俯瞰
look back on 回顾;回忆
图解释义
The cat was looking around for the mouse in the house.
那只猫在房间里四处寻找那只老鼠。
融会应用
用look的相关短语填空
(1)Did you get a chance to the materials I gave you
(2)They had a lot of problems last year, but now things are .
(3)Police authorities say they will the matter.
(4)I'm really seeing my family again.
(5)“It's a great honor to be by someone,” she said.
(6)Welcome to my new home! Would you like to when I make some coffee
(7)People tend to housewives these days and think they should have careers.
(8)Whenever Ellen her childhood in Wales, she was filled with happy memories.
答案 (1)look over (2)looking up (3)look into (4)looking forward to (5)looked up to (6)look around (7)look down on/upon (8)looked back on
知识点5 cheer up (使)变得高兴;振奋起来
(P21)Cheer up, Teresa. They'll understand that everything will turn out all right!
振作起来,特雷莎。他们会懂得最终一切都会好的(这个道理)。
知识拓展
cheer sb on 为某人加油
cheer for 为……欢呼;给……加油
图解释义
His friend's encouraging words cheered him up.
朋友鼓励的话让他振作起来了。
融会应用
用cheer的相关短语填空
(1)Most people will probably be their favourite players.
(2)Almost all the villagers were very excited, being able to have electricity supply soon.
(3)He at the thought that it was nearly the holidays.
答案 (1)cheering on (2)cheering for (3)cheered up
知识点6 there's no point in doing sth
(P21)There's no point in comparing you with others all the time.
总是把你和别人做比较是没有意义的。
知识拓展
本句是there is no point in doing sth 句式,表示“做某事没有意义”。
(1)there is no point in doing sth的同义句式为there is no sense in doing sth。
There's no sense in worrying about it now.
现在为那件事忧虑毫无意义。
(2)there be句式中还有一些类似的否定句式,如there is no need to do sth、there is no doubt/denying that等。
There is no need to take your umbrella.
你没有必要带雨伞。
There is no doubt that he will be fired.
毫无疑问,他会被解雇。
There's no denying that quicker action could have saved them.
无可否认,如果行动快一点,他们是可以获救的。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)There is no need (tell) him, for he has already been informed of it.
(2)There is no point in (get) upset about it now.
(3)There is no doubt he was the killer.
(4)There is no (deny) that this is an important event.
答案 (1)to tell (2)getting (3)that (4)denying
语法探究
简单句、并列句和复合句
探究点1 简单句
自主探究
分析下列句子,并注意观察句式结构。
1.My head aches.
2.I finished my homework.
3.I am a Senior Three student.
4.He told me a funny story.=He told a funny story to me.
5.I advised my grandmother to stay in bed and rest.
6.He talked too much.
7.A boy met a girl during the break.
8.There are too many cars on the road.
我的发现
(1)句1是主谓(SV)结构,此类句型的谓语动词(短语)是 。
(2)句2是主谓宾(SVO)结构,该句型的谓语动词(短语)是一个 ,后面必须跟宾语,常用作宾语的有 、 、 、动名词或从句等。
(3)句3是主系表(SP)结构,此类句型的谓语动词必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整意思,这类动词叫 。表语常由 、 、 、分词、动词不定式或从句充当。
(4)句4是主谓宾宾(S V IO DO)结构,即“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”,句中的直接宾语也可提至间接宾语前,此时间接宾语前需加介词 或 。
(5)句5是主谓宾宾补(SVOC)结构,谓语动词后要跟复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语),常用作宾语补足语的有 、 、 、代词、动词不定式、动词-ing形式或动词 -ed形式等。
(6)句6是主谓状(SVA)结构,该句型的谓语动词为 ,副词或介词短语在句中作 ,修饰或说明谓语。
(7)句7是主谓宾状(SVOA)结构,该句型的谓语动词为 。
(8)句8是there be 句型,基本结构是“There is/are/was/were...+地点状语”,表示 。
答案 (1)不及物动词(短语) (2)及物动词(短语);名词;代词;动词不定式 (3)系动词;名词;形容词;介词短语 (4)to; for (5)名词;形容词;介词短语 (6)不及物动词;状语 (7)及物动词 (8)某处存在某人或某物
基础盘点
一、主语+谓语(SV)
有些不及物动词(短语)能够单独构成谓语,不用带其他成分就能表达完整的意思。但是有少数几个动词其后必须带有状语,否则结构不完整,意义不明确。
Time flies.
时光飞逝。
The bus has left.
公共汽车已经离开了。
The rain has stopped.
雨已经停了。
二、主语+谓语+宾语(SVO)
名词和代词常作宾语,除此之外,动词不定式、动名词、从句等也可作宾语。有些动词(短语)后通常不能接动名词作宾语,只能接动词不定式作宾语,如agree、ask、decide、hope、promise、plan、refuse、want、prepare、would like等;有些动词(短语)不能接动词不定式作宾语,只能接动名词作宾语,如miss、enjoy、mind、finish、put off等。
May I ask some questions
我可以问一些问题吗
Children love to play this game.
孩子们喜欢玩这个游戏。
It doesn't matter. I like walking.
没关系。我喜欢散步。
I hope you all have a good time.
我希望你们都玩得开心。
三、主语+系动词+表语(SP)
在“主语+系动词+表语”句型中,“系动词+表语”一起构成复合谓语。可充当表语的有名词、形容词、分词、动词不定式、介词短语或从句等。一般不能用副词作表语,但某些表示地点的副词或与介词同形的副词可以在be后面作表语,如 here、there、over there、back、abroad、outside、below、in、up、down、off、over等。系动词后面通常接形容词作表语。常见的系动词:
(1)表示“……是”:prove、seem、appear、remain
(2)表示“变成”:become、grow、turn、get、go
(3)表示“……起来”:taste、look、sound、feel、smell
Traffic in cities is getting heavier and heavier.
城市的交通变得越来越拥挤。
Anyone should be honest to his families, teachers and classmates.
任何人都应该对家人、老师和同学诚实。
He seems interested in the book.
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。
The story sounds interesting.
这个故事听起来有趣。
四、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S V IO DO)
间接宾语通常放在直接宾语之前。当间接宾语是较长的名词时,通常将其放在直接宾语后。若将间接宾语置于直接宾语之后,则要用介词to或for。用to侧重指动作的方向,表示“朝着;对着”;用for侧重指动作的受益者,表示“为了;替”。
Tom bought me a book.
汤姆给我买了一本书。
He handed me a book.
他递给我一本书。
Tom bought a book for my little brother.
汤姆给我的弟弟买了一本书。
He handed a book to Li Ming,our monitor.
他递了一本书给我们的班长李明。
It gives her a sense of duty.
这给了她责任感。
五、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(SVOC)
在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”的句型中,宾语补足语对前面的宾语进行补充说明,从而使句子的意思更加完整。宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。宾语补足语由名词、代词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、动词 -ing形式或动词 -ed形式充当。有一些动词后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语时,动词不定式要省去to,常见的这类动词有hear、make、have、let、see、watch、notice、observe等。help后接动词不定式作宾补时,动词不定式符号to可以省略,也可以保留。
They made the girl angry.
他们使这个女孩生气了。
They found her happy that day.
他们发现那天她很高兴。
They named the boy Charlie.
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。
I saw him come in and go out.
我见他进来又出去。
They felt the car moving fast.
他们感觉汽车行驶得很快。
I helped her (to) choose a new dictionary.
我帮她选了一本新词典。
探究点2 并列句
自主探究
仔细观察下列句子的结构,并指出它们的类型。
1.He caught the first bus, and he got to his office ahead of time.
2.His mother won't be there, but his father might.
3.Turn the heat down or it'll burn.
4.We listened eagerly, for he brought news of our families.
5.It was still painful so I went to see a doctor.
我的发现
通过观察以上句子,我们可以看出上面五个句子都属于(1) ,由(2) 连接的两个或两个以上的(3) 构成。
答案 (1)并列句 (2)并列连词 (3)简单句
基础盘点
一、表示转折或对比关系的并列连词
1.but和 yet“但是;可是;而;却”
用作连词,表示转折或对比,用来连接两个并列成分或简单句。
I hope you don't mind me asking,but where did you buy those shoes
但愿你不介意我问你,但是你是在哪里买的那些鞋子
It was a sunny but not very warm day.
那一天天气晴朗,却不太暖和。
She does not speak our language, but she seems to understand what we say.
她不会说我们的语言,然而她似乎听得懂我们说什么。
2.while“而;但是;可是;却”
while用作连词时,可表示对比或转折关系。
I do every single bit of housework while my husband just does the dishes now and then.
所有的家务都是我做,而我的丈夫仅仅偶尔洗洗盘子。
二、表示因果关系的并列连词
1.for“因为”
由并列连词for引导的分句常置于句子后部,而且常用逗号与前面的分句隔开。for引导的分句主要对前一分句补充说明理由或推断原因,不能位于句首。for引导的分句不能用来回答why引导的特殊疑问句, 回答why引导的特殊疑问句需要使用because。because 引导的是原因状语从句,强调直接导致某种行为的原因,可以位于句首。
He found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to fail.
他觉得阅读越来越费劲,因为他的视力开始衰退了。
Just because I don't complain, people think I'm satisfied.
就因为我不发牢骚,大家便以为我满意了。
2.so“因此”
so连接两个句子,中间有时用逗号隔开。
The shop doesn't open until 11 am, so it loses a lot of business.
这家商店到上午11点才营业,因此它失去了很多生意。
三、表示选择关系的并列连词
or“或者;还是;否则;要不然”
or连接并列成分时,意为“或者;还是”;用于否定句中,意为“也不”,这时不宜用and;表示“否则;要不然”时,相当于otherwise。
Would you like a cup of coffee or shall we get down to business right away
你是想要一杯咖啡还是立即投入工作呢
They didn't sing or dance.
他们既没有唱歌也没有跳舞。
四、表示并列关系的并列连词
1.and“和;同;与;又;并且”
Stand over there and you'll be able to see it better.
站在那里,你能看得更清楚。
2.not only...but also...“不但……而且……”
He not only read the book, but also remembered what he had read.
他不但读了这本书,而且记得所读的内容。
3.neither...nor...“既不……也不……”
They worked neither for fame nor for personal gains.
他们工作一不为名,二不为利。
4.both...and...“既……又……”
A man should have both courage and wisdom.
人既要有勇气又要有智慧。
五、其他并列连词
1.not...but...“不是……而是……”
It was not the bones of an animal but of a human being.
这不是动物的骨头,而是人的骨头。
2.rather than“而不是;与其……宁愿……”
Rather than ride on a crowded bus, he prefers to ride a bicycle.
与其乘坐拥挤的公交车,他宁愿骑自行车。
探究点3 复合句
自主探究
仔细观察下列句子的结构,并指出它们的类型。
1.What he did was morally wrong.
2.The problem is how we can find him.
3.She had decided that she must go on as usual and that she must follow her normal routine.
4.The book that I bought yesterday is interesting.
5.As water is to fish, so air is to man.
我的发现
通过观察以上句子,我们可以看出上面五个句子都属于(1) ,由一个(2) 和一个或一个以上的(3) 构成。
答案 (1)复合句 (2)主句 (3)从句
基础盘点
复合句中主句为句子的主体部分;从句无法独立,可以充当句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语。根据从句充当的成分或从句的词性,通常将从句分为定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句。
1.定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
The book that/which he gave me has some pictures in it.(限制性定语从句)
他给我的那本书里有一些图片。
He gave me a book, which has some pictures in it.(非限制性定语从句)
他给了我一本书,书里面有一些图片。
2.名词性从句根据其句法功能分为主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句。
What you said sounds reasonable. (主语从句)
你说的话听起来很有道理。
He is always late. This is why he is likely to be fired. (表语从句)
他总是迟到,这就是他可能被解雇的原因。
I have no idea what he is up to now. (同位语从句)
我不知道他现在在干什么。
I was wondering if/whether you could give me a hand.(宾语从句)
我想知道你是否能帮我一把。
3.状语从句根据其句法功能通常分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、地点状语从句、方式状语从句和比较状语从句。
Mary began to operate on the wounded soldiers as soon as she arrived at the village.(时间状语从句)
玛丽一到村子就开始给受伤的士兵做手术。
He was so tired that he couldn't go any further.(结果状语从句)
他太累了,以至于不能再往前走了。
If it is fine tomorrow, we can go camping. (条件状语从句)
如果明天天气好,我们就可以去野营。
While he is not perfect, I like him.(让步状语从句)
虽然他并不完美,但是我喜欢他。
He goes to bed early so that he can have enough energy. (目的状语从句)
他早睡以便有足够的精力。
We did't enjoy the day because the weather was so awful. (原因状语从句)
我们不喜欢这一天,因为天气太糟糕了。
There were more people there than I had expected. (比较状语从句)
那里的人比我预想的多。
We'd better leave things as they are until the police arrive.(方式状语从句)
在警察到来之前,我们最好让东西保持原样。
She was standing exactly where you are standing now. (地点状语从句)
她就站在你现在站的地方。
【随堂检测】
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.I was wondering you could spare me some minutes.
2.It is quite interesting that those who listened to a Beethoven piece had a higher IQ those who had not.
3.I had loved football from a young age, I couldn't play well.
4.All this research made me realize I had a gift for collecting information, I decided to become a journalist.
5. is certain is that he will pass the exam with his good preparations.
6.She may need some help she's new.
7.The person I met at the gate just now is her father.
8.The problem is I can reach him on the phone.
答案 1.if/whether 2.than 3.but 4.so 5.What 6.as/because 7.who/whom/that 8.whether
Ⅱ.语法填空
I was 9 years old when I found out my father was ill. It was 1944, 1. I can remember my mother's words as if it were yesterday: “Kerrel, I don't want you to take food from your father, because he has AIDS. Be very careful 2. you are around him.”
AIDS wasn't something we talked about in my country when I was growing up. From then on, I knew 3. this would be a family secret. My parents were not together anymore, 4. my dad lived alone. For a while, he could take care of himself. But when I was 12, his condition worsened.
We couldn't afford all the necessary medication for him, and 5. Dad was unable to work,
I had no money for school supplies and often couldn't even buy food for dinner. I would sit in class feeling completely lost, not knowing 6. I was going to manage.
I did not share my burden(负担) with anyone. I had seen how people reacted to AIDS. Kids laughed at classmates 7. had parents with the disease. And even adults could be cruel. When my father was moved to the hospital, he was too weak to feed himself.
I was 15 8. my father died. He took his secret away with him, having never spoken about AIDS to anyone, even me. He didn't want to call attention to AIDS. I did.
答案 1.but 2.when 3.that 4.and 5.because
6.how 7.who 8.when
2(共55张PPT)
UNIT 2 Let's talk teens
Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要语言点的基本用法。（语言能力）
2.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化所学语言点,并学以致用。（学习能力）
3.通过对教材的理解,了解简单句、并列句和复合句的用法。（语言能力）
核心单词
知识点1 design vt.设计；构思；制订；计划；筹划 n.设计；设计艺术 ＊designer n.设计师；设计者；谋划者
（P20）So, we have designed TeenHealthWeb to help you along the journey to adulthood.
因此，我们设计了青少年健康网来帮助你走向成年。
知识拓展
by design 故意地;蓄意地
design sth to do sth 为做……设计……
design sth for...为……设计……
be designed for sth 为……而设计
熟词生义
design vt.筹划；计划
He has designed to go to Australia for a trip in the fall.
他已经打算秋天去澳大利亚旅行。
名师点拨
by design的同义短语为on purpose，反义短语为by accident。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）He became a photographer more by accident than ____ design.
by
（2）This building is designed ____ weddings and other celebrations.
for
（3）HUNCH ___________ （design） to connect high school classrooms with
NASA engineers.
is designed
Ⅱ.单句写作
（4）The programme ________________________ who have been out of work for a
long time.
这项活动的目的是帮助下岗很长时间的人。
is designed to help people
知识点2 likely adj.可能的；预料的；有希望的 ＊unlikely adj.不太可能的
（P20）It is likely that the matter has already been discussed on our forum.
很可能这个问题在我们论坛上已经讨论过了。
知识拓展
be likely to do sth 很可能做某事
It is likely that ... 很可能……
sb is likely to do sth某人有可能做某事
经典佳句
We've just heard a warning on the radio that a hurricane is likely to come.
我们刚从广播里听到一则警报说一场飓风可能会到来。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）That means the price is likely ______ （go） down because of the competition.
to go
（2）If you can find good learning methods, your learning efficiency is likely
_______________ （improve）.
to be improved
Ⅱ.一句多译
（3）他很可能会同意我们出国留学的计划。
→He ________________ agree to our plan to study abroad.
→___________________he will agree to our plan to study abroad.
is very likely to
It is very likely that
知识点3 performance n.表现；表演；执行；履行 ＊perform vi. & vt.表演vt.履行；执行vi.工作；运转 ＊performer n.表演者；演出者；演员
（P21）Right now,it's just making you anxious and having a bad influence on your performance.
现在,这只会让你感到焦虑,并对你的表现产生不良影响。
知识拓展
perform an operation/experiment 做手术/实验
perform well/badly表现得好/不好；运转得好/不好
经典佳句
On arriving there, we will give them an excellent performance, which I believe will bring a lot of happiness to them.
一到那里，我们就会给他们呈现一场精彩的表演，我相信这会给他们带来很多快乐。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）Our team__________（perform） very well in the game yesterday and won first
prize.
performed
（2）__________（perform） by a famous musician, the music sounds wonderful.
Performed
（3）Your ____________（perform） as a student will be excellent if you develop a
habit of reflecting on how you learn.
performance
短语句式
知识点4 look around 环顾四周；游览；参观
（P20）There is a lot to see, so take some time to look around our website!
有很多内容可看,因此花点时间浏览一下我们的网站吧。
知识拓展
look over 仔细查看;翻阅
look into 调查
look on 旁观
look forward to 盼望
look up 查找；好转；拜访
look up to 尊敬；钦佩
look down on／upon 瞧不起；轻视；俯瞰
look back on 回顾；回忆
图解释义
The cat was looking around for the mouse in the house.
那只猫在房间里四处寻找那只老鼠。
融会应用 用look的相关短语填空
（1）Did you get a chance to__________the materials I gave you
look over
（2）They had a lot of problems last year, but now things are ___________.
looking up
（3）Police authorities say they will _________ the matter.
look into
（4）I'm really __________________ seeing my family again.
looking forward to
（5）“It's a great honor to be _____________ by someone,” she said.
looked up to
（6）Welcome to my new home! Would you like to ____________ when I make
some coffee
look around
（7）People tend to __________________ housewives these days and think they
should have careers.
look down on/upon
（8）Whenever Ellen _______________ her childhood in Wales, she was filled with
happy memories.
looked back on
知识点5 cheer up （使）变得高兴；振奋起来
（P21）Cheer up, Teresa. They'll understand that everything will turn out all right!
振作起来，特雷莎。他们会懂得最终一切都会好的（这个道理）。
知识拓展
cheer sb on 为某人加油
cheer for 为……欢呼；给……加油
图解释义
His friend's encouraging words cheered him up.
朋友鼓励的话让他振作起来了。
融会应用 用cheer的相关短语填空
（1）Most people will probably be ____________ their favourite players.
cheering on
（2）Almost all the villagers were very excited,____________being able to have
electricity supply soon.
cheering for
（3）He ___________ at the thought that it was nearly the holidays.
cheered up
知识点6 there's no point in doing sth
（P21）There's no point in comparing you with others all the time.
总是把你和别人做比较是没有意义的。
知识拓展
本句是there is no point in doing sth 句式,表示“做某事没有意义”。
（1）there is no point in doing sth的同义句式为there is no sense in doing sth。
There's no sense in worrying about it now.
现在为那件事忧虑毫无意义。
（2）there be句式中还有一些类似的否定句式，如there is no need to do sth、there is no doubt/denying that等。
There is no need to take your umbrella.
你没有必要带雨伞。
There is no doubt that he will be fired.
毫无疑问，他会被解雇。
There's no denying that quicker action could have saved them.
无可否认,如果行动快一点,他们是可以获救的。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）There is no need _______（tell） him, for he has already been informed of it.
to tell
（2）There is no point in _______（get） upset about it now.
getting
（3）There is no doubt_____ he was the killer.
that
（4）There is no ________（deny） that this is an important event.
denying
简单句、并列句和复合句
探究点1 简单句
自主探究
分析下列句子，并注意观察句式结构。
1.My head aches.
2.I finished my homework.
3.I am a Senior Three student.
4.He told me a funny story.=He told a funny story to me.
5.I advised my grandmother to stay in bed and rest.
6.He talked too much.
7.A boy met a girl during the break.
8.There are too many cars on the road.
我的发现
（1）句1是主谓（SV）结构,此类句型的谓语动词（短语）是____________________。
不及物动词（短语）
（2）句2是主谓宾（SVO）结构,该句型的谓语动词（短语）是一个
__________________,后面必须跟宾语,常用作宾语的有______、______、____________、
动名词或从句等。
及物动词（短语）
名词
代词
动词不定式
（3）句3是主系表（SP）结构,此类句型的谓语动词必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态
的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整意思,这类动词叫________。表语常由______、
________、__________、分词、动词不定式或从句充当。
系动词
名词
形容词
介词短语
（4）句4是主谓宾宾（S V IO DO）结构,即“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”,句中的
直接宾语也可提至间接宾语前,此时间接宾语前需加介词___或____。
to
for
（5）句5是主谓宾宾补（SVOC）结构,谓语动词后要跟复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）,
常用作宾语补足语的有______、________、__________、代词、动词不定式、动词-ing
形式或动词 -ed形式等。
名词
形容词
介词短语
（6）句6是主谓状（SVA）结构，该句型的谓语动词为____________，副词或介词短
语在句中作______，修饰或说明谓语。
不及物动词
状语
（7）句7是主谓宾状（SVOA）结构，该句型的谓语动词为__________。
及物动词
（8）句8是there be 句型，基本结构是“There is/are/was/were...+地点状语”，表示
____________________。
某处存在某人或某物
基础盘点
一、主语+谓语（SV）
有些不及物动词（短语）能够单独构成谓语，不用带其他成分就能表达完整的意思。但是有少数几个动词其后必须带有状语，否则结构不完整，意义不明确。
Time flies.
时光飞逝。
The bus has left.
公共汽车已经离开了。
The rain has stopped.
雨已经停了。
二、主语+谓语+宾语（SVO）
名词和代词常作宾语，除此之外，动词不定式、动名词、从句等也可作宾语。有些动词（短语）后通常不能接动名词作宾语，只能接动词不定式作宾语，如agree、ask、decide、hope、promise、plan、refuse、want、prepare、would like等；有些动词（短语）不能接动词不定式作宾语，只能接动名词作宾语，如miss、enjoy、mind、finish、put off等。
May I ask some questions
我可以问一些问题吗？
Children love to play this game.
孩子们喜欢玩这个游戏。
It doesn't matter. I like walking.
没关系。我喜欢散步。
I hope you all have a good time.
我希望你们都玩得开心。
三、主语+系动词+表语（SP）
在“主语+系动词+表语”句型中，“系动词+表语”一起构成复合谓语。可充当表语的有名词、形容词、分词、动词不定式、介词短语或从句等。一般不能用副词作表语，但某些表示地点的副词或与介词同形的副词可以在be后面作表语，如 here、there、over there、back、abroad、outside、below、in、up、down、off、over等。系动词后面通常接形容词作表语。常见的系动词:
（1）表示“……是”:prove、seem、appear、remain
（2）表示“变成”:become、grow、turn、get、go
（3）表示“……起来”:taste、look、sound、feel、smell
Traffic in cities is getting heavier and heavier.
城市的交通变得越来越拥挤。
Anyone should be honest to his families, teachers and classmates.
任何人都应该对家人、老师和同学诚实。
He seems interested in the book.
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。
The story sounds interesting.
这个故事听起来有趣。
四、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（S V IO DO）
间接宾语通常放在直接宾语之前。当间接宾语是较长的名词时，通常将其放在直接宾语后。若将间接宾语置于直接宾语之后，则要用介词to或for。用to侧重指动作的方向，表示“朝着；对着”；用for侧重指动作的受益者，表示“为了；替”。
Tom bought me a book.
汤姆给我买了一本书。
He handed me a book.
他递给我一本书。
Tom bought a book for my little brother.
汤姆给我的弟弟买了一本书。
He handed a book to Li Ming，our monitor.
他递了一本书给我们的班长李明。
It gives her a sense of duty.
这给了她责任感。
五、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（SVOC）
在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”的句型中，宾语补足语对前面的宾语进行补充说明，从而使句子的意思更加完整。宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。宾语补足语由名词、代词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、动词 -ing形式或动词 -ed形式充当。有一些动词后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，动词不定式要省去to，常见的这类动词有hear、make、have、let、see、watch、notice、observe等。help后接动词不定式作宾补时，动词不定式符号to可以省略，也可以保留。
They made the girl angry.
他们使这个女孩生气了。
They found her happy that day.
他们发现那天她很高兴。
They named the boy Charlie.
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。
I saw him come in and go out.
我见他进来又出去。
They felt the car moving fast.
他们感觉汽车行驶得很快。
I helped her （to） choose a new dictionary.
我帮她选了一本新词典。
探究点2 并列句
自主探究
仔细观察下列句子的结构,并指出它们的类型。
1.He caught the first bus, and he got to his office ahead of time.
2.His mother won't be there, but his father might.
3.Turn the heat down or it'll burn.
4.We listened eagerly, for he brought news of our families.
5.It was still painful so I went to see a doctor.
我的发现
通过观察以上句子,我们可以看出上面五个句子都属于（1）________,由（2）
__________连接的两个或两个以上的（3）________构成。
并列句
并列连词
简单句
基础盘点
一、表示转折或对比关系的并列连词
1.but和 yet“但是;可是;而;却”
用作连词，表示转折或对比，用来连接两个并列成分或简单句。
I hope you don't mind me asking,but where did you buy those shoes
但愿你不介意我问你,但是你是在哪里买的那些鞋子
It was a sunny but not very warm day.
那一天天气晴朗，却不太暖和。
She does not speak our language, but she seems to understand what we say.
她不会说我们的语言,然而她似乎听得懂我们说什么。
2.while“而;但是;可是;却”
while用作连词时,可表示对比或转折关系。
I do every single bit of housework while my husband just does the dishes now and then.
所有的家务都是我做，而我的丈夫仅仅偶尔洗洗盘子。
二、表示因果关系的并列连词
1.for“因为”
由并列连词for引导的分句常置于句子后部,而且常用逗号与前面的分句隔开。for引导的分句主要对前一分句补充说明理由或推断原因，不能位于句首。for引导的分句不能用来回答why引导的特殊疑问句, 回答why引导的特殊疑问句需要使用because。because 引导的是原因状语从句，强调直接导致某种行为的原因，可以位于句首。
He found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to fail.
他觉得阅读越来越费劲，因为他的视力开始衰退了。
Just because I don't complain, people think I'm satisfied.
就因为我不发牢骚，大家便以为我满意了。
2.so“因此”
so连接两个句子，中间有时用逗号隔开。
The shop doesn't open until 11 am, so it loses a lot of business.
这家商店到上午11点才营业，因此它失去了很多生意。
三、表示选择关系的并列连词
or“或者；还是；否则；要不然”
or连接并列成分时，意为“或者；还是”；用于否定句中，意为“也不”，这时不宜用and；表示“否则；要不然”时，相当于otherwise。
Would you like a cup of coffee or shall we get down to business right away
你是想要一杯咖啡还是立即投入工作呢？
They didn't sing or dance.
他们既没有唱歌也没有跳舞。
四、表示并列关系的并列连词
1.and“和；同；与；又；并且”
Stand over there and you'll be able to see it better.
站在那里，你能看得更清楚。
2.not only...but also...“不但……而且……”
He not only read the book, but also remembered what he had read.
他不但读了这本书，而且记得所读的内容。
3.neither...nor...“既不……也不……”
They worked neither for fame nor for personal gains.
他们工作一不为名，二不为利。
4.both...and...“既……又……”
A man should have both courage and wisdom.
人既要有勇气又要有智慧。
五、其他并列连词
1.not...but...“不是……而是……”
It was not the bones of an animal but of a human being.
这不是动物的骨头，而是人的骨头。
2.rather than“而不是；与其……宁愿……”
Rather than ride on a crowded bus, he prefers to ride a bicycle.
与其乘坐拥挤的公交车，他宁愿骑自行车。
探究点3 复合句
自主探究
仔细观察下列句子的结构,并指出它们的类型。
1.What he did was morally wrong.
2.The problem is how we can find him.
3.She had decided that she must go on as usual and that she must follow her normal routine.
4.The book that I bought yesterday is interesting.
5.As water is to fish, so air is to man.
我的发现
通过观察以上句子,我们可以看出上面五个句子都属于（1）________,由一个（2）
______和一个或一个以上的（3）______构成。
复合句
主句
从句
基础盘点
复合句中主句为句子的主体部分;从句无法独立,可以充当句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语。根据从句充当的成分或从句的词性,通常将从句分为定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句。
1.定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
The book that/which he gave me has some pictures in it.（限制性定语从句）
他给我的那本书里有一些图片。
He gave me a book, which has some pictures in it.（非限制性定语从句）
他给了我一本书，书里面有一些图片。
2.名词性从句根据其句法功能分为主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句。
What you said sounds reasonable. （主语从句）
你说的话听起来很有道理。
He is always late. This is why he is likely to be fired. （表语从句）
他总是迟到，这就是他可能被解雇的原因。
I have no idea what he is up to now. （同位语从句）
我不知道他现在在干什么。
I was wondering if/whether you could give me a hand.（宾语从句）
我想知道你是否能帮我一把。
3.状语从句根据其句法功能通常分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、地点状语从句、方式状语从句和比较状语从句。
Mary began to operate on the wounded soldiers as soon as she arrived at the village.（时间状语从句）
玛丽一到村子就开始给受伤的士兵做手术。
He was so tired that he couldn't go any further.（结果状语从句）
他太累了，以至于不能再往前走了。
If it is fine tomorrow, we can go camping. （条件状语从句）
如果明天天气好，我们就可以去野营。
While he is not perfect, I like him.（让步状语从句）
虽然他并不完美，但是我喜欢他。
He goes to bed early so that he can have enough energy. （目的状语从句）
他早睡以便有足够的精力。
We did't enjoy the day because the weather was so awful. （原因状语从句）
我们不喜欢这一天，因为天气太糟糕了。
There were more people there than I had expected. （比较状语从句）
那里的人比我预想的多。
We'd better leave things as they are until the police arrive.（方式状语从句）
在警察到来之前，我们最好让东西保持原样。
She was standing exactly where you are standing now. （地点状语从句）
她就站在你现在站的地方。
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.I was wondering __________you could spare me some minutes.
if/whether
2.It is quite interesting that those who listened to a Beethoven piece had a higher IQ
_____those who had not.
than
3.I had loved football from a young age, ____I couldn't play well.
but
4.All this research made me realize I had a gift for collecting information, ____I
decided to become a journalist.
so
5.______ is certain is that he will pass the exam with his good preparations.
What
6.She may need some help __________she's new.
as/because
7.The person ______________I met at the gate just now is her father.
who/whom/that
8.The problem is ________I can reach him on the phone.
whether
Ⅱ.语法填空
I was 9 years old when I found out my father was ill. It was 1944, 1.____ I
can remember my mother's words as if it were yesterday: “Kerrel, I don't want you
to take food from your father, because he has AIDS. Be very careful 2.______ you
are around him.”
AIDS wasn't something we talked about in my country when I was growing up.
From then on, I knew 3._____ this would be a family secret. My parents were not
together anymore, 4._____ my dad lived alone. For a while, he could take care of
himself. But when I was 12, his condition worsened.
We couldn't afford all the necessary medication for him, and 5.________ Dad
was unable to work,
but
when
that
and
because
I had no money for school supplies and often couldn't even buy food for dinner. I
would sit in class feeling completely lost, not knowing 6._____ I was going to
manage.
I did not share my burden（负担） with anyone. I had seen how people reacted
to AIDS. Kids laughed at classmates 7._____ had parents with the disease. And even
adults could be cruel. When my father was moved to the hospital, he was too weak
to feed himself.
I was 15 8.______ my father died. He took his secret away with him, having
never spoken about AIDS to anyone, even me. He didn't want to call attention to
AIDS. I did.
how
who
when
