Unit 4
Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage
【学习目标】
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要语言点的基本用法。(语言能力)
2.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化所学语言点,并学以致用。(学习能力)
3.通过对教材的理解,学会运用由关系副词引导的限制性定语从句。(语言能力)
【合作探究】
新知探究
核 心 单 词
知识点1 contribute v.促成;造成;捐献;捐赠;是……的原因之一;增加;添加 *contribution n.捐献;贡献;稿件
(P48)Noise pollution and light pollution in big cities may also contribute to sleep problems.
在大城市里,噪声污染和光线污染可能也会导致睡眠问题。
知识拓展
contribute sth to... 把某物捐献给……;向……投稿
contribute to(to为介词)有助于;导致;投稿
make a contribution/contributions to 对……做出贡献
经典佳句
If you want to contribute to our newspaper,please send me your article before the deadline.如果你想往我们报纸上投稿,请在最后期限前把文章寄给我。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)Everyone is willing to the homeless people.
每个人都愿意为无家可归的人捐献食物和衣服。
(2)Participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skills and .
参加比赛对我来说是一次难得的展示我的舞蹈才能以及为班级做出贡献的好机会。
(3)Everyone should make contributions .
每个人都应当为保护环境做贡献。
答案 (1)contribute food and clothes to (2)make contributions to the class (3)to protecting the environment
知识点2 attack n.发作;攻击;抨击 vt.& vi.攻击;侵袭;抨击
(P48)In the long term,they may be at increased risk of having a poor memory,being overweight and suffering a heart attack.
从长期看,他们记忆力衰退、超重以及心脏病发作的风险可能会增加。
知识拓展
attack sb for (doing) sth 因(做)某事而责难某人
make an attack on/against 攻击;袭击;抨击
under attack 遭到攻击;遭到抨击
a heart attack 心脏病发作
图解释义
The cat is about to attack the big dog.
这只猫正要向大狗狗发起攻击。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)The man attacked him a knife.
(2)It is a disease that (attack) the brain.
(3)The newspapers made attack on the Prime Minister because of the new law.
答案 (1)with (2)attacks (3)an
知识点3 amount n.数量 vi.合计;共计
(P49)Everyone knows that the amount of quality sleep that we get is important to us.
每个人都知道睡眠质量对我们很重要。
知识拓展
“许多”的表示法:
+不可数名词(作主语
时,谓语动词用单数)
large amounts of+不可数名词(作主语时,谓语动词用复数)
+可数名词复数
(作主语时,谓
语动词用复数)
a lot of=lots of/plenty of+可数名词复数或不可数名词(作主语时,谓语动词根据名词的形式来确定)
图解释义
He donated a large amount of money to the poor area.
他向贫困地区捐赠了一大笔钱。
融会应用
单句填空
(1)The materials can be produced in large (amount).
(2)A large amount of medicine (send) to the flood stricken area in the last few days.
(3)A large number of books (steal) from the library yesterday.
答案 (1)amounts (2)has been sent (3)were stolen
知识点4 schedule n.日程安排;工作计划;时间表vt.为……安排时间
(P49)Try to stick to your sleep schedule at the weekend too...
尽量周末也要坚持你的睡眠时间表……
知识拓展
ahead of schedule 提前
behind schedule 迟于预定时间
on schedule 按时间表
be scheduled for 预定在
be scheduled to do sth 预计做某事
经典佳句
I had such a busy schedule that I had no time to go shopping.
我的日程表安排得很满,都没有时间去购物。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)The film star is scheduled (arrive) in Shanghai at ten o'clock.
(2)His official visit to New York is scheduled June 24 to 27.
Ⅱ.一句多译
(3)如果没有什么阻碍的话,这项任务将提前完成。
→The task will be finished if nothing prevents.
→The task will be finished if nothing prevents.
答案 (1)to arrive (2)for (3)ahead of schedule;in advance
短 语 句 式
知识点5 in the short term从短期看
(P48)In the short term,people with sleep problems often feel tired and have trouble concentrating.
从短期看,有睡眠问题的人经常感到疲倦,难以集中注意力。
知识拓展
in the long term 就长期而言
in terms of... 就……来说;在……方面
be on good/bad terms with 和……关系好/不好
come to terms with与……达成协议
经典佳句
In the short term, we're also still very focused on the response because this is a crisis.
短期内,我们仍然非常专注于这次响应,因为这是一场危机。
融会应用
单句写作
(1)Protecting our environment is very costly, .
保护环境是花销很大的,但从长远来看,它将造福于整个社会。
(2)I had no idea that you and he were .
我不知道你和他关系这么好。
(3)However, , fast food is far from satisfactory.
然而,在营养方面,快餐远远不能令人满意。
答案 (1)but in the long term, it will benefit the whole society (2)on such good terms (3)in terms of nutrition
语法探究
由关系副词引导的限制性定语从句
自主探究
仔细观察下列句子, 并注意黑体部分的用法。
I'll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.(when = during which)
I went to a special school where I got plenty of extra help.(where = in which)
This is the reason why he came late.(why = for which)
The woman with whom I talked just now comes from America.
This is the book which she is looking for.
我的发现
关系副词在定语从句中的基本用法:when作(1) 状语, where作(2) 状语, why作(3) 状语(先行词只有reason一词)。在定语从句中, 关系副词一般可转化为“(4) ”。在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,先行词指物时,介词后的关系代词用(5) ;先行词指人时,则用(6) 。
答案 (1)时间 (2)地点 (3)原因 (4)介词+ which (5)which (6)whom
探究点1 关系副词when引导的定语从句
关系副词when引导定语从句时, 先行词一般是表示时间的名词, 关系词在从句中作时间状语,when 可以用“介词+which”来代替,表示时间的介词有on、in、during等。
You know these last few months when (=during which) we've been expecting it to warm up a little bit
你知道最近这几个月我们一直盼望天气能暖和一些吗
There comes a time when (=at which) children need to know more than the basic facts of life.
儿童到了一定的时期需要了解的就不仅仅是最基本的生活知识了。
探究点2 关系副词where引导的定语从句
关系副词where引导定语从句时, 先行词一般是表示地点的名词, 关系词在从句中作地点状语,where可以用“介词+which”来代替,表示地点的方位介词有on、in、at等。
I want to work in a company where (=in which) I can display my ability.
我想在能展示我的能力的公司里工作。
Bamboo grows best in places where (=in which) it is warm and where it rains often.
温暖而多雨的地方最适合竹子生长。
名师点拨
表示抽象地点的名词point、 position、 situation、 condition、 case、 stage等后的定语从句常用where引导。
The players must reach a point where (=at which) they can be better prepared and carry the team forwards.
球员们必须达到一个水准, 那就是能够更好地备战,推动球队向前迈进。
He has reached the stage where (=at which) he thinks he can get over any problem in learning English.
他已经达到自认为可以克服英语学习中的一切困难的阶段。
探究点3 关系副词why引导的定语从句
关系副词why引导定语从句时, 先行词常常为reason, 关系词在从句中作原因状语,why可以用“for+which”来代替。
The reason why (=for which)one is fat is partly caused by overeating.
一个人肥胖的部分原因是过度饮食。
I don't know the reason why (=for which) you were absent from the meeting.
我不知道你为什么缺席会议。
探究点4 关系副词与关系代词引导定语从句的区别
表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时, 定语从句可用关系代词引导, 也可用关系副词引导。若先行词在定语从句中作状语时, 应用关系副词; 若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时, 则应用关系代词。
关系副词 先行词 功能
when 表示时间的名词 时间状语
where 表示地点的名词 地点状语
why reason 原因状语
关系代词 先行词 功能
which/that 表示时间/地点的名词;reason 主语或宾语
The custom dates from the days when women wore longer skirts. (when在从句中作时间状语)
这种习惯始于妇女穿较长裙子的时期。
The music calls up the happy days which/that they spent together in their youth.(which/that作spent的宾语)
这个音乐使他们想起青年时代一起度过的快乐的日子。
The reason why we want to come to this store is that we really want this kind of phone.(why在从句中作原因状语)
我们想来这家店的原因是我们真的很想要这种手机。
This is the reason which/that he explained to me for his not attending the meeting. (定语从句中缺少宾语, 所以用which/that引导从句, 不用why)
这就是他向我解释他没参加会议的原因。
【随堂检测】
Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1.This is the town I spent my childhood.
2.I will never forget the day the People's Republic of China was founded.
3.The school he studies was built last year.
4.The reason he didn't come to class was that he was ill.
5.I don't like the way in he talks.
6.This was a time you had got to have a passbook to live in the city.
7.The story happened on a day the weather was wet and cold.
8.The place interests the children most is Disneyland.
9.The exhibition will last till the Lantern Festival falls on February 6th.
10.What is the reason causes the difference
答案 1.where 2.when 3.where 4.why 5.which 6.when 7.when 8.which/that
9.which/that 10.which / that
Ⅱ.用适当的关系代词或关系副词完成短文
It was the summer of 2019, 1. I came to Guangning No.1 Senior High School. Our school is a wonderful place,2. I can see a lot of beautiful buildings and a large square. Our teaching building, the roof of 3. looks like a rocket in the distance, is located in the center of our school. The main reason 4. I like our school is that I can make many friends. I can get along well with my classmates here, two of 5. are my best friends. Jack,6. comes from Tanbu Junior High School, is very active. He likes various sports, among 7. he likes running best. He runs 5 kilometers every day, 8. makes him look strong. Nick, 9. father is a teacher in Lianhe Junior High School, studies very hard. We often talk about the people and the things 10. we see in our school. Nick prefers the food 11. is made in our canteen. The teacher 12. he likes best is Mr Zhang,our math teacher.
答案 1.when 2.where 3.which 4.why 5.whom 6.who 7.which 8.which 9.whose 10.that 11.that/which 12.that/whom/who/不填
Ⅲ.根据情境和提示完成对话
1.Tom:Mom, what are you going to do this afternoon
Mom:I will go to the supermarket to buy some bread and then go to get Jenny at the dance class. I can (1) .
Tom:Oh,Mom,you are (2) .
2.Bob:The students are playing so wildly when their teacher is not in the classroom.
Alice:Don't you know the saying “ ”
3.Lisa:Honey, hurry up, please. I have to go to the bathroom.
Henry: . There is a mall over there. I can pull the car over and wait for you in the car.
Lisa:That's good.
4.Husband:It . We have to stay at home the whole day.
Wife: That's right.
A.rains cats and dogs
B.kill two birds with one stone
C.Hold your horses
D.When the cat's away, the mice will play
E.as busy as a bee
答案 1.(1)B (2)E 2.D 3.C 4.A
2(共33张PPT)
UNIT 4 Looking good, feeling good
Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要语言点的基本用法。（语言能力）
2.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化所学语言点,并学以致用。（学习能力）
3.通过对教材的理解,学会运用由关系副词引导的限制性定语从句。（语言能力）
核心单词
知识点1 contribute v.促成；造成；捐献；捐赠；是……的原因之一；增加；添加＊contribution n.捐献；贡献；稿件
（P48）Noise pollution and light pollution in big cities may also contribute to sleep problems.
在大城市里，噪声污染和光线污染可能也会导致睡眠问题。
知识拓展
contribute sth to... 把某物捐献给……；向……投稿
contribute to（to为介词）有助于；导致；投稿
make a contribution/contributions to 对……做出贡献
经典佳句
If you want to contribute to our newspaper,please send me your article before the deadline.如果你想往我们报纸上投稿,请在最后期限前把文章寄给我。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）Everyone is willing to ____________________________ the homeless people.
每个人都愿意为无家可归的人捐献食物和衣服。
contribute food and clothes to
（2）Participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing
skills and ____________________________.
参加比赛对我来说是一次难得的展示我的舞蹈才能以及为班级做出贡献的好机会。
make contributions to the class
（3）Everyone should make contributions___________________________.
每个人都应当为保护环境做贡献。
to protecting the environment
知识点2 attack n.发作；攻击；抨击 vt.& vi.攻击；侵袭；抨击
（P48）In the long term，they may be at increased risk of having a poor memory，being overweight and suffering a heart attack.
从长期看，他们记忆力衰退、超重以及心脏病发作的风险可能会增加。
知识拓展
attack sb for （doing） sth 因（做）某事而责难某人
make an attack on/against 攻击；袭击；抨击
under attack 遭到攻击；遭到抨击
a heart attack 心脏病发作
图解释义
The cat is about to attack the big dog.
这只猫正要向大狗狗发起攻击。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）The man attacked him _____ a knife.
with
（2）It is a disease that _______（attack） the brain.
attacks
（3）The newspapers made ____ attack on the Prime Minister because of the new
law.
an
知识点3 amount n.数量 vi.合计；共计
（P49）Everyone knows that the amount of quality sleep that we get is important to
us.
每个人都知道睡眠质量对我们很重要。
知识拓展
“许多”的表示法：
large amounts of+不可数名词（作主语时，谓语动词用复数）
a lot of=lots of/plenty of+可数名词复数或不可数名词（作主语时，谓语动词根据名词
的形式来确定）
图解释义
He donated a large amount of money to the poor area.
他向贫困地区捐赠了一大笔钱。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）The materials can be produced in large ________（amount）．
amounts
（2）A large amount of medicine _____________（send） to the flood stricken area
in the last few days.
has been sent
（3）A large number of books ___________ （steal） from the library yesterday.
were stolen
知识点4 schedule n.日程安排；工作计划；时间表vt.为……安排时间
（P49）Try to stick to your sleep schedule at the weekend too...
尽量周末也要坚持你的睡眠时间表……
知识拓展
ahead of schedule 提前
behind schedule 迟于预定时间
on schedule 按时间表
be scheduled for 预定在
be scheduled to do sth 预计做某事
经典佳句
I had such a busy schedule that I had no time to go shopping.
我的日程表安排得很满，都没有时间去购物。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）The film star is scheduled _________ （arrive） in Shanghai at ten o'clock.
to arrive
（2）His official visit to New York is scheduled ____ June 24 to 27.
for
Ⅱ.一句多译
（3）如果没有什么阻碍的话，这项任务将提前完成。
→The task will be finished _________________ if nothing prevents.
→The task will be finished ___________ if nothing prevents.
ahead of schedule
in advance
短语句式
知识点5 in the short term从短期看
（P48）In the short term,people with sleep problems often feel tired and have trouble concentrating.
从短期看,有睡眠问题的人经常感到疲倦,难以集中注意力。
知识拓展
in the long term 就长期而言
in terms of... 就……来说；在……方面
be on good/bad terms with 和……关系好/不好
come to termsith与……达成协议
经典佳句
In the short term， we're also still very focused on the response because this is a crisis.
短期内，我们仍然非常专注于这次响应，因为这是一场危机。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）Protecting our environment is very
costly,_________________________________________________.
保护环境是花销很大的，但从长远来看，它将造福于整个社会。
but in the long term, it will benefit the whole society
（2）I had no idea that you and he were___________________.
我不知道你和他关系这么好。
on such good terms
（3）However, ___________________, fast food is far from satisfactory.
然而，在营养方面，快餐远远不能令人满意。
in terms of nutrition
由关系副词引导的限制性定语从句
自主探究
仔细观察下列句子, 并注意黑体部分的用法。
I'll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.（when = during which）
I went to a special school where I got plenty of extra help.（where = in which）
This is the reason why he came late.（why = for which）
The woman with whom I talked just now comes from America.
This is the book which she is looking for.
我的发现
关系副词在定语从句中的基本用法:when作（1）________状语, where作（2）______________状语, why作（3）______________状语（先行词只有reason一词）。在定语从句中, 关系副词一般可转化为“（4）__________________”。在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，先行词指物时，介词后的关系代词用（5）______________；先行词指人时，则用（6）______________。
（1）______
时间
（2）______
地点
（3）______
原因
（4）_____________
介词+ which
（5）_______
which
（6）_______
whom
探究点1 关系副词when引导的定语从句
关系副词when引导定语从句时, 先行词一般是表示时间的名词, 关系词在从句中作时间状语,when 可以用“介词+which”来代替，表示时间的介词有on、in、during等。
You know these last few months when （=during which） we've been expecting it to warm up a little bit
你知道最近这几个月我们一直盼望天气能暖和一些吗
There comes a time when （=at which） children need to know more than the basic facts of life.
儿童到了一定的时期需要了解的就不仅仅是最基本的生活知识了。
探究点2 关系副词where引导的定语从句
关系副词where引导定语从句时, 先行词一般是表示地点的名词, 关系词在从句中作地点状语,where可以用“介词+which”来代替，表示地点的方位介词有on、in、at等。
I want to work in a company where （=in which） I can display my ability.
我想在能展示我的能力的公司里工作。
Bamboo grows best in places where （=in which） it is warm and where it rains often.
温暖而多雨的地方最适合竹子生长。
名师点拨
表示抽象地点的名词point、 position、 situation、 condition、 case、 stage等后的定语从句常用where引导。
The players must reach a point where （=at which） they can be better prepared and carry the team forwards.
球员们必须达到一个水准, 那就是能够更好地备战，推动球队向前迈进。
He has reached the stage where （=at which） he thinks he can get over any problem in learning English.
他已经达到自认为可以克服英语学习中的一切困难的阶段。
探究点3 关系副词why引导的定语从句
关系副词why引导定语从句时, 先行词常常为reason, 关系词在从句中作原因状语，why可以用“for+which”来代替。
The reason why （=for which）one is fat is partly caused by overeating.
一个人肥胖的部分原因是过度饮食。
I don't know the reason why （=for which） you were absent from the meeting.
我不知道你为什么缺席会议。
探究点4 关系副词与关系代词引导定语从句的区别
表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时, 定语从句可用关系代词引导, 也可用关系副词引导。若先行词在定语从句中作状语时, 应用关系副词； 若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时, 则应用关系代词。
关系副词 先行词 功能
when 表示时间的名词 时间状语
where 表示地点的名词 地点状语
why reason 原因状语
关系代词 先行词 功能
which/that 表示时间/地点的名词；reason 主语或宾语
The custom dates from the days when women wore longer skirts. （when在从句中作时间状语）
这种习惯始于妇女穿较长裙子的时期。
The music calls up the happy days which/that they spent together in their youth.（which/that作spent的宾语）
这个音乐使他们想起青年时代一起度过的快乐的日子。
The reason why we want to come to this store is that we really want this kind of phone.（why在从句中作原因状语）
我们想来这家店的原因是我们真的很想要这种手机。
This is the reason which/that he explained to me for his not attending the meeting. （定语从句中缺少宾语, 所以用which/that引导从句, 不用why）
这就是他向我解释他没参加会议的原因。
Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1.This is the town _______I spent my childhood.
where
2.I will never forget the day ______the People's Republic of China was founded.
when
3.The school _______he studies was built last year.
where
4.The reason _____he didn't come to class was that he was ill.
why
5.I don't like the way in_______he talks.
which
6.This was a time ______you had got to have a passbook to live in the city.
when
7.The story happened on a day ______the weather was wet and cold.
when
8.The place __________interests the children most is Disneyland.
which/that
9.The exhibition will last till the Lantern Festival __________falls on February 6th.
which/that
10.What is the reason ____________causes the difference
which / that
Ⅱ.用适当的关系代词或关系副词完成短文
It was the summer of 2019, 1.______I came to Guangning No.1 Senior High
School. Our school is a wonderful place,2._______I can see a lot of beautiful
buildings and a large square. Our teaching building, the roof of 3._______looks like a
rocket in the distance, is located in the center of our school. The main reason
4._____I like our school is that I can make many friends. I can get along well with
my classmates here, two of 5._______are my best friends. Jack,6._____comes from
Tanbu Junior High School, is very active. He likes various sports, among 7._______he
likes running best. He runs 5 kilometers every day, 8._______makes him look strong.
when
where
which
why
whom
who
which
which
Nick, 9._______father is a teacher in Lianhe Junior High School, studies very hard.
We often talk about the people and the things 10._____we see in our school. Nick
prefers the food 11.__________is made in our canteen. The teacher
12.___________________he likes best is Mr Zhang,our math teacher.
whose
that
that/which
that/whom/who/不填
Ⅲ.根据情境和提示完成对话
A.rains cats and dogs
B.kill two birds with one stone
C.Hold your horses
D.When the cat's away, the mice will play
E.as busy as a bee
1.Tom:Mom, what are you going to do this afternoon
Mom:I will go to the supermarket to buy some bread and then go to get Jenny at
the dance class. I can （1）___.
Tom:Oh,Mom,you are （2）___.
B
E
2.Bob:The students are playing so wildly when their teacher is not in the classroom.
Alice:Don't you know the saying “___”
D
3.Lisa:Honey, hurry up, please. I have to go to the bathroom.
Henry:___. There is a mall over there. I can pull the car over and wait for you in
the car.
Lisa:That's good.
C
4.Husband:It ___. We have to stay at home the whole day.
Wife: That's right.
A
