Unit 2 Section Ⅲ Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
【学习目标】
1.了解课文大意;培养略读和查读等阅读能力。(语言能力,思维品质)
2.理解并能够自主运用重要语言点,如单词、短语和句式等的用法。(语言能力)
3.通过阅读,熟悉概要写作的文体特征,并掌握其写作方法及策略。(语言能力,学习能力)
【合作探究】
语篇研读
细读课文,明确教材细节
Read the passage on Pages 26-28 carefully and choose the best answers.
1.When did Maurice Maeterlinck win the Nobel Prize in Literature
A.1949. B.1921. C.1908. D.1911.
2.Who sends Tyltyl and Mytyl to look for the Blue Bird of Happiness
A.Their neighbour.
B.The chief of the Happinesses.
C.A fairy.
D.The sick girl.
3.What can we learn from the passage
A.Tyltyl doesn't know the Happinesses.
B.Tyltyl and Happinesses are good friends.
C.The sick girl doesn't receive the bird.
D.The fairy gives the bird to the sick girl.
4.Which Happiness is the most important
A.Happiness of Pure Air.
B.Happiness of Being Well.
C.Happiness of Loving One's Parents.
D.Happiness of the Forest.
5.What happens to the girl
A.The girl's disease is cured.
B.The girl sees many Happinesses.
C.The girl keeps the pet bird forever.
D.The girl gives the pet bird to Tyltyl happily.
答案 1~5 DCABA
新知探究
核 心 单 词
知识点1 lean v.前俯(或后仰);倾斜;倚靠;靠在;使斜靠
(P27)Enter NEIGHBOUR BERLINGOT,a little old woman leaning on a stick.邻居Berlingot,一位瘦小的老太太,拄着拐杖进来了。
知识拓展
lean (sth) against/on... 把……靠在……上
lean on/upon sb 依靠/依赖(……的帮助或支持)
lean to/towards/toward sth 偏向(尤指某意见或利益)
经典佳句
The tower is leaning dangerously. 那座塔越来越斜,很危险。
Lean the plants against a wall and cover the roots with peat.把这些植物靠墙摆放,用泥煤盖住根部。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)Can I lean my bike the wall
(2)He always leans me for help.
答案 (1)against/on (2)on/upon
知识点2 cure vt. 治疗;治愈(疾病、病人) n.治疗;痊愈;疗法;药物
(P27)But I know what would cure her. 但是我知道什么能治愈她。
知识拓展
cure sb of sth 治愈某人的(病)
a cure for sth 一个治疗……的方法
经典佳句
Moving to the country cured her of the disease. 搬到乡下后,她的病就好了。
Prevention is better than cure. 预防胜于治疗。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)There is still no cure the disease.
(2)The doctor cured him a heart attack.
答案 (1)for (2)of
知识点3 address n.地址;称呼;讲话;演讲 v.称呼;对……发表演说;致函;写地址;处理;设法解决
(P28)Stepping to the front of the stage and addressing the audience.走到舞台前面,向观众致辞。
知识拓展
address sth to sb 在给某人的信上写上地址
address sth to sb 向某人说某事
address sb 向某人致辞
address sb as/to be... 称呼某人为……
address (oneself to) sth 设法解决/处理/对付某事
经典佳句
He is due to address a conference on human rights next week.他下星期将在一个大会上发表关于人权的演说。
We must address ourselves to the problem of traffic pollution. 我们必须设法解决交通污染的问题。
融会应用 写出下列句子中address的含义
(1)Most people call me Bob. How do I address you
(2)Mr Howard gave an address on economic strategies in Asia.
(3)There is a letter addressed to you.
(4)The next meeting will address the problem of truancy.
答案 (1)称呼 (2)演讲 (3)致函;写地址 (4)设法解决
短 语 句 式
知识点4 burst out突然发生;突然……起来
(P26)All the other HAPPINESSES burst out laughing.所有其他的幸福小精灵都突然大笑起来。
知识拓展
burst out doing=burst into+n. 突然……起来
burst into sth 突然爆发;闯入
burst in 闯进;突然破门而入
be bursting (with sth) 爆满;涨满
经典佳句
Hearing this,the whole class burst out laughing and my deskmate's face turned red.听到这个,全班同学都大笑起来,我同桌的脸变红了。
名师点拨
表示“闯入”时,burst in是不及物动词短语,若加宾语需加介词on,而burst into是及物动词短语,可直接加宾语。
He burst in on the meeting. 他闯进来打断了会议。
The aircraft crashed and burst into flames.飞机坠毁后猛烈燃烧起来。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)Seeing their daughter's coming back,the parents burst tears.
(2)The roads are bursting cars.
(3)The door opened suddenly and the children burst .
答案 (1)into (2)with (3)in
知识点5 before 引导时间状语从句
(P26)The children's adventure takes them through many magical places before they at last find the Blue Bird in a most unexpected place.孩子们的冒险经历带他们经过了许多神奇的地方,最后他们才在一个最意想不到的地方发现了蓝鸟。
知识拓展
本句中before引导时间状语从句,表示“……后才……”
before在句中的译法很灵活,不同的语境下可译为“(没过多久)就……; (过……)才……; 还没来得及……就……; 趁……(还没有)时”。
Some time passed before my stepfather and I got used to each other. 继父和我相处了一段时间后才彼
此习惯。
It wasn't long before he returned from abroad. 不久他就从国外回来了。
Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but he hung up before I could answer the phone.有人深更半夜给我打电话,但我还没来得及接,他就挂断了。
融会应用 单句写作
(1)It was some time . 过了很长一段时间我才悟出真相。
(2)It won't be he recovers from the operation. 不久他就会从手术中恢复过来的。
答案 (1)before I realized the truth (2)long before
知识点6 with的复合结构
(P26)They dance merrily around the CHILDREN,then the one who appears to be the chief goes up to TYLTYL with hand outstretched.他们在孩子们周围欢快地跳舞,然后那个看起来是首领的人,向狄蒂尔走去,并对他伸出了手。
知识拓展
本句运用了with的复合结构。with的复合结构主要用来说明附带情况或具体细节,在句中可作原因、方式、条件或伴随状语等,有时也可作定语。其构成形式主要有:
(1)with+宾语+形容词;
(2)with+宾语+副词;
(3)with+宾语+介词短语;
(4)with+宾语+动词-ing形式,表示动作正在进行,且宾语与动词之间是主动关系;
(5)with+宾语+动词-ed形式,表示动作已经发生,且宾语与动词之间是被动关系;
(6)with+宾语+动词不定式,表示动作还未发生。
He sat there with his eyes closed.他闭目坐在那儿。
He stood before his teacher with his head down.他低着头站在老师面前。
The thief was forced into the police station with his hands tied back.这个小偷的双手被捆绑着带进了派出所。
With so many people to help us,we are sure to finish it on time.有这么多人帮助我们, 我们一定能按时完成。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)She had to walk home with her bike (steal).
(2)With the crowds (cheer),they drove to the palace.
(3)With all these mouths (feed), he didn't know what to do.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4) (有那位老人带路),we got to the top of the mountain easily.
(5)The village is beautiful (树林都披上了银装).
(6) (有这么多的工作要做),he went to the factory ahead of time.
答案 (1)stolen (2)cheering (3)to feed (4)With that old man leading us (5)with the trees covered with white snow (6)With so much work to do
写作探究
概 要 写 作
本单元的写作任务是概要写作。
概要写作是一种阅读和写作要求并重的高考英语新题型,有准确性、完整性、概括性、客观性、个体性等特点。概要写作提供一篇350词以内的短文,要求考生在对原文阅读后根据其内容写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。概要所用语句既要用词准确、结构合理、语意连贯、不得抄写原文,又要能完全概括出文章的中心大意。
探究点1 教材范例提炼
解题步骤
1.读懂原文,抓住大意。
2.定位主题句,找到关键信息。
3.组织语言,转换表达。
注意事项
1.词数要限制在60左右。
2.要根据文章的体裁特点进行概要写作。
3.人称和时态要与所给文章中的人称和时态保持一致,但必要时也可变换成第三人称。
4.写作时尽可能地使用复合句,必要时可转换词性,不得完全照搬、照抄原文。
写作步骤
1.确定体裁,明确主题及结构
体裁 结构
记叙文 人物+时间+地点+事件(起因+发展+结果)
说明文 事物的性质功能类:对象+性质功能+利弊 问题+解决方法现象类:现象+原因+结果
议论文 主题+补充论据(+结论)
2.确定主题句,找关键信息
画出每一段的主题句,抓住关键信息,忽略次要信息。
3.改写关键信息,得出要点
使用意义相同或相近的单词、短语或句式,或使用不同的句子结构表达同一意思,如改变语态、肯定变否定等,避免抄袭原文句子。
4.添加连接词,使行文连贯
要牢记各段落要点之间的逻辑关系,用恰当的关联词去衔接全文。常用的关联词有however、besides、in addition、therefore、instead等。
探究点2 写作应用体验
写作典例
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
It's a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same.Nothing will give you a sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms,classrooms, athletic equipment and,of course,the students.It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses,and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away.But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life,and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one.
There's no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area.In fact,a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited campus,and obviously,if you live across the country, that won't be as much of a possibility,but if you live nearby,go check it out!
If campus visits aren't going to happen before you apply,at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you'd like to attend.It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out now the things that you don't like about certain campuses,things that you wouldn't know unless you actually visit.
Now,if time and money are making it impossible,then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive.It's a chance to chat online with admissions officers,students,and college counselors (顾问),and it won't cost you a penny! You can register for its online college fair at .While visiting an online college fair can't take the place of an actual campus visit,it can be a very useful tool, along with all your other research, to help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities you'd like to attend.
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分步推进
Step 1 审题谋篇
体裁 议论文
主题 参观想申请的大学
框架 主题+补充论据1、2、3
Step 2 画主题句,找关键信息
Para.1
1.主题句:
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2.关键信息:
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Para.2
1.主题句:
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2.关键信息:
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Para.3
1.主题句:
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2.关键信息:
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Para.4
1.主题句:
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2.关键信息:
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答案
Para.1
1.It's a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same.
2.a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply
Para.2
1.There's no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area.
2.visit the schools in your local area
Para.3
1.If campus visits aren't going to happen before you apply,at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you'd like to attend.
2.At the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you'd like to attend.
Para.4
1.Now,if time and money are making it impossible,then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive.
2.check out the online college fairs
Step 3 句式升级
Para.1
1.写出下列词汇的同义表达
(1)good idea→
(2)visit→
2.改写关键信息
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Para.2
1.将后置定语改为前置定语
the schools in your local area→ colleges
2.改写关键信息
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Para.3
1.写出下列词汇的同义表达
(1)at the very least→
(2)would like to attend→
2.改写关键信息:
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Para.4
1.同义句改写
(1)if time and money are making it impossible...
→if you time and money...
(2)check out the online college fairs
→ the online college fairs
2.改写关键信息
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答案
Para.1
1.(1)worthwhile (2)pay a visit to
2.It's really worthwhile to pay a visit to your desired colleges personally before applying.
Para.2
1.your local
2.Undoubtedly, you should visit your local colleges.
Para.3
1.(1)at least (2)want to go
2.At least, you should visit the schools you want to go to.
Para.4
1.(1)are short of (2)visit
2.If you are short of time and money, visiting the online college fairs is a good alternative to help you better understand the schools.
Step 4 连句成篇
根据以上分析,完成一篇内容概要写作。
参考范文
It's really worthwhile to pay a visit to your desired colleges personally before applying.(要点1)Undoubtedly, you should visit your local colleges.(要点2)At least, you should visit the schools you want to go to and know their real conditions in advance.(要点3)If you are short of time and money, visiting the online college fairs is a good alternative to help you better understand the schools.(要点4)
【随堂检测】
夯实基础
主题写作
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Rats eat our food or make it so dirty that it isn't fit for people at all. That's why people often kill them with poison. After a day or two, they find the poison still there. The rats haven't touched it, even though it is near the food which they eat. People think they must be clever and cunning(狡猾的). Some scientists have been trying to find the best way to poison rats. They have watched just what a rat does day and night. They have found out that rats aren't so clever. They are just very shy.
Rats usually live in holes. They run from these holes to the places where they eat and drink. They have special paths on which they travel each time. So they know their paths quite well.
If anything new, such as stone or wood, is put on the path, the rats won't go near it at first as they are too frightened. It will take them many days to get over the fear. They are also frightened to go near a place where they know something has been taken away. If a path goes around a rock, the rats follow the same path around the rock each time. If the rock is taken away, they will still run around the place where the rock was! They won't cross the empty place, which is now open to them, even though it would be quicker.
Rats will always keep away from anything unusual to them. That's why they won't eat poison on the first or second night. They usually won't go anywhere near it for about four days until they get used to it. Even then they only eat a little at a time.If people want to kill rats with poison, all they have to do is to leave it out for a few days. Once the rats get used to it, they will eat it and die.
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参考范文
It is generally considered that rats are smart enough not to be poisoned. They just refuse to accept new things.(要点1) Rats are familiar with their usual paths. If any changes take place on their usual paths, they feel it unsafe to use them.(要点2) It took several days for rats to adjust themselves to their new surroundings. They won't be poisoned until they become familiar with the change.(要点3)
【课外拓展】
视野拓展
1.Military training is to exercise our willpower! We students actively took part in it and cooperated with each other. 军训就是为了锻炼我们的意志力!我们学生积极参与其中,互相配合。
2.Some people are in favor of them, sa0ying that being exposed to pure and authentic English makes it much easier for them to improve their English. 有些人支持他们,说接触纯正地道的英语使他们更容易提高英语水平。
3.Nowadays, people usually use the phrase “rising up upon hearing the crow of a rooster to practise sword playing” to signify that someone is exerting himself to do something worthwhile. 如今,人们通常用“闻鸡起舞”来表示某人正在努力做一些有价值的事情。
英美文化
美篇导读
世界名著《呼啸山庄》(Wuthering Heights)是英国女作家勃朗特姐妹之一艾米莉·勃朗特的作品,是19世纪英国文学的代表作之一。小说全篇充满强烈的反压迫、争幸福的斗争精神,又始终笼罩着离奇、紧张的浪漫气氛。
美篇呈现
Ellen Dean's story—Catherine and
Heathcliff as children
1770 When I was a child,I was always at Wuthering Heights,because my mother was a servant with the Earnshaw family.They are a very old family who have lived in that house for centuries, as you can see from their names on the stone over the front door.I grew up with Catherine and Hindley Earnshaw, and we three played together as children.
One day,their father Mr Earnshaw came back from a long journey.He had travelled sixty miles to Liverpool and back on business, and was very tired.
“Look what I've brought you!” he told us all,unwrapping① something he was holding carefully in his arms.Catherine and Hindley were expecting presents, and they rushed eagerly② to see what it was. They were very disappointed to see only a dirty, black-haired gipsy③ child.
“I found him all alone in the busy streets of Liverpool,” Mr Earnshaw explained to them,“and I couldn't leave him to die.He can sleep in your room.” But Hindley and Catherine were angry because they had not received any presents, and refused to let the strange child share their room.However Mr Earnshaw insisted, and little by little the boy became accepted by the family.He was called Heathcliff,as a first and last name.No one ever discovered who his parents had been.
Catherine and he became great friends,but Hindley hated him, and was often cruel to him.Old Mr Earnshaw was strangely fond of this gipsy child, and frequently punished his son for behaving badly to Heathcliff.Hindley began to be jealous④ of his father's feelings for Heathcliff, and saw them both as enemies.
艾伦·迪恩的故事——凯瑟琳和希斯克利夫的童年
1770年 我小时候一直在呼啸山庄,因为我母亲在欧肖家做佣人。欧肖家是一个很古老的家族,在那幢宅子住了好几百年,你能从门前石头上刻着的名字看出来。我是同凯瑟琳和亨德雷·欧肖一起长大的,小时候我们仨都在一起玩儿。
一天,他们的父亲欧肖先生出远门回来。他步行了六十英里去利物浦办事后又赶回来, 非常疲倦。
“看我给你们带来了什么!”他一边对我们大家说,一边打开了怀里小心抱着的东西。凯瑟琳和亨德雷正盼望着是礼物呢,兴冲冲地围上来看到底是什么东西。当他们只看到一个脏兮兮、黑头发的吉卜赛孩子时,他们大失所望。
“我看到他孤零零地待在利物浦繁忙的街头,”欧肖先生对他们解释说,“我总不能让他就那么死了吧。他可以睡在你们的房里。”但亨德雷和凯瑟琳气恼没有得到礼物, 不肯让这个陌生的孩子睡在他们的房间。但在欧肖先生的坚持下,一家人还是渐渐地接受了这个孩子。大家都叫他希斯克利夫,既是名, 也是姓。始终没人搞清楚他的父母是谁。
凯瑟琳和他成了好朋友,但亨德雷不喜欢他,对他常常很粗暴。老欧肖先生异乎寻常地喜欢这个吉卜赛孩子,时常因为自己的儿子对希斯克利夫不友善而惩罚他。亨德雷开始嫉妒他父亲对希斯克利夫的感情,视他俩为敌。
知识积累
①unwrap vt.打开
②eagerly adv.渴望地;热切地
③gipsy n.吉卜赛人
④jealous adj.妒忌的
素养链接
艾米莉·勃朗特(Emily Bronte)是19世纪英国的一位诗人和小说家。她在这个世界上仅仅度过了三十年,便默默无声地离开了人间。她写过一些极为深沉的抒情诗,包括叙事诗和短诗。
她与《简·爱》(Jane Eyre)的作者夏洛蒂·勃朗特(Charlotte Bronte)及她们的小妹妹——《艾格尼丝·格雷》(Agnes Grey)的作者安妮·勃朗特(Anne Bronte)并称“勃朗特三姐妹”,在英国19世纪文坛上焕发异彩。
2(共55张PPT)
Unit 2 Lessons in life
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
1.了解课文大意；培养略读和查读等阅读能力。（语言能力，思维品质）
2.理解并能够自主运用重要语言点,如单词、短语和句式等的用法。（语言能力）
3.通过阅读，熟悉概要写作的文体特征,并掌握其写作方法及策略。（语言能力，学习能力）
&1& 细读课文，明确教材细节
Read the passage on Pages 26-28 carefully and choose the best answers.
1.When did Maurice Maeterlinck win the Nobel Prize in Literature ( )
D
A.1949. B.1921. C.1908. D.1911.
2.Who sends Tyltyl and Mytyl to look for the Blue Bird of Happiness ( )
C
A.Their neighbour. B.The chief of the Happinesses.
C.A fairy. D.The sick girl.
3.What can we learn from the passage ( )
A
A.Tyltyl doesn't know the Happinesses. B.Tyltyl and Happinesses are good friends.
C.The sick girl doesn't receive the bird. D.The fairy gives the bird to the sick girl.
4.Which Happiness is the most important ( )
B
A.Happiness of Pure Air. B.Happiness of Being Well.
C.Happiness of Loving One's Parents. D.Happiness of the Forest.
5.What happens to the girl ( )
A
A.The girl's disease is cured.
B.The girl sees many Happinesses.
C.The girl keeps the pet bird forever.
D.The girl gives the pet bird to Tyltyl happily.
核心单词
知识点1 lean v.前俯（或后仰）；倾斜；倚靠；靠在；使斜靠
（P27）Enter NEIGHBOUR BERLINGOT，a little old woman leaning on a stick.邻
居Berlingot，一位瘦小的老太太，拄着拐杖进来了。
lean （sth） against/on… 把……靠在……上
lean on/upon sb 依靠/依赖（……的帮助或支持）
lean to/towards/toward sth 偏向（尤指某意见或利益）
知识拓展
The tower is leaning dangerously. 那座塔越来越斜，很危险。
Lean the plants against a wall and cover the roots with peat.把这些植物靠墙摆放，用泥煤
盖住根部。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）Can I lean my bike__________the wall
（2）He always leans________me for help.
against/on
on/upon
经典佳句
知识点2 cure vt. 治疗；治愈（疾病、病人） n.治疗；痊愈；疗法；药物
（P27）But I know what would cure her. 但是我知道什么能治愈她。
cure sb of sth 治愈某人的（病）
a cure for sth 一个治疗……的方法
知识拓展
Moving to the country cured her of the disease. 搬到乡下后，她的病就好了。
Prevention is better than cure. 预防胜于治疗。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）There is still no cure ____ the disease.
（2）The doctor cured him ___ a heart attack.
for
of
经典佳句
知识点3 address n.地址；称呼；讲话；演讲 v.称呼；对……发表演说；致函；写地址；处理；设法解决
（P28）Stepping to the front of the stage and addressing the audience.走到舞台前面，
向观众致辞。
address sth to sb 在给某人的信上写上地址
address sth to sb 向某人说某事
address sb 向某人致辞
address sb as/to be… 称呼某人为……
address （oneself to） sth 设法解决/处理/对付某事
He is due to address a conference on human rights next week.他下星期将在一个大会上发
表关于人权的演说。
We must address ourselves to the problem of traffic pollution. 我们必须设法解决交通污染
的问题。
知识拓展
经典佳句
融会应用 写出下列句子中address的含义
（1）Most people call me Bob. How do I address you？______
（2）Mr Howard gave an address on economic strategies in Asia.______
（3）There is a letter addressed to you.______________
（4）The next meeting will address the problem of truancy.__________
称呼
演讲
致函；写地址
设法解决
短语句式
知识点4 burst out突然发生；突然……起来
（P26）All the other HAPPINESSES burst out laughing.所有其他的幸福小精灵都突
然大笑起来。
burst out doing=burst into+n. 突然……起来
burst into sth 突然爆发；闯入
burst in 闯进；突然破门而入
be bursting （with sth） 爆满；涨满
知识拓展
Hearing this，the whole class burst out laughing and my deskmate's face turned red.听到
这个，全班同学都大笑起来，我同桌的脸变红了。
表示“闯入”时，burst in是不及物动词短语，若加宾语需加介词on，而burst into是及物
动词短语，可直接加宾语。
He burst in on the meeting. 他闯进来打断了会议。
The aircraft crashed and burst into flames.飞机坠毁后猛烈燃烧起来。
经典佳句
名师点拨
融会应用 单句填空
（1）Seeing their daughter's coming back，the parents burst _____ tears.
（2）The roads are bursting_____ cars.
（3）The door opened suddenly and the children burst___.
into
with
in
知识点5 before 引导时间状语从句
（P26）The children's adventure takes them through many magical places before they
at last find the Blue Bird in a most unexpected place.孩子们的冒险经历带他们经过
了许多神奇的地方,最后他们才在一个最意想不到的地方发现了蓝鸟。
本句中before引导时间状语从句,表示“……后才……”
before在句中的译法很灵活，不同的语境下可译为“（没过多久）就……; （过……）
才……; 还没来得及……就……; 趁……（还没有）时”。
Some time passed before my stepfather and I got used to each other. 继父和我相处
了一段时间后才彼此习惯。
It wasn't long before he returned from abroad. 不久他就从国外回来了。
Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but he hung up before I could
answer the phone.有人深更半夜给我打电话，但我还没来得及接，他就挂断了。
知识拓展
融会应用 单句写作
（1）It was some time ________________________. 过了很长一段时间我才悟出真相。
（2）It won't be ___________ he recovers from the operation. 不久他就会从手术中
恢复过来的。
before I realized the truth
long before
知识点6 with的复合结构
（P26）They dance merrily around the CHILDREN，then the one who appears to be
the chief goes up to TYLTYL with hand outstretched.他们在孩子们周围欢快地跳舞，
然后那个看起来是首领的人，向狄蒂尔走去，并对他伸出了手。
本句运用了with的复合结构。with的复合结构主要用来说明附带情况或具体细节，在句
中可作原因、方式、条件或伴随状语等，有时也可作定语。其构成形式主要有：
（1）with+宾语+形容词；
（2）with+宾语+副词；
（3）with+宾语+介词短语；
（4）with+宾语+动词-ing形式，表示动作正在进行，且宾语与动词之间是主动关系；
（5）with+宾语+动词-ed形式，表示动作已经发生，且宾语与动词之间是被动关系；
（6）with+宾语+动词不定式，表示动作还未发生。
知识拓展
He sat there with his eyes closed.他闭目坐在那儿。
He stood before his teacher with his head down.他低着头站在老师面前。
The thief was forced into the police station with his hands tied back.这个小偷的双
手被捆绑着带进了派出所。
With so many people to help us，we are sure to finish it on time.有这么多人帮助
我们， 我们一定能按时完成。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）She had to walk home with her bike______（steal）.
（2）With the crowds_________（cheer），they drove to the palace.
（3）With all these mouths________（feed）, he didn't know what to do.
stolen
cheering
to feed
Ⅱ.单句写作
（4）___________________________（有那位老人带路），we got to the top of the
mountain easily.
（5）The village is beautiful ____________________________________（树林都披上
了银装）.
（6）_________________________（有这么多的工作要做），he went to the factory
ahead of time.
With that old man leading us
with the trees covered with white snow
With so much work to do
概要写作
本单元的写作任务是概要写作。
概要写作是一种阅读和写作要求并重的高考英语新题型，有准确性、完整性、概
括性、客观性、个体性等特点。概要写作提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生在对原
文阅读后根据其内容写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。概要所用语句既要用词准确、结
构合理、语意连贯、不得抄写原文，又要能完全概括出文章的中心大意。
探究点1 教材范例提炼
1.读懂原文，抓住大意。
2.定位主题句，找到关键信息。
3.组织语言，转换表达。
1.词数要限制在60左右。
2.要根据文章的体裁特点进行概要写作。
3.人称和时态要与所给文章中的人称和时态保持一致，但必要时也可变换成第三人称。
4.写作时尽可能地使用复合句，必要时可转换词性，不得完全照搬、照抄原文。
1.确定体裁，明确主题及结构
体裁 结构
记叙文 人物+时间+地点+事件（起因+发展+结果）
说明文 事物的性质功能类：对象+性质功能+利弊
问题+解决方法现象类：现象+原因+结果
议论文 主题+补充论据（+结论）
2.确定主题句，找关键信息
画出每一段的主题句，抓住关键信息，忽略次要信息。
3.改写关键信息，得出要点
使用意义相同或相近的单词、短语或句式，或使用不同的句子结构表达同一意思，如
改变语态、肯定变否定等，避免抄袭原文句子。
4.添加连接词，使行文连贯
要牢记各段落要点之间的逻辑关系，用恰当的关联词去衔接全文。常用的关联词有
however、besides、in addition、therefore、instead等。
探究点2 写作应用体验
写作典例
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
It's a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites
can all start to look and sound the same.Nothing will give you a sense of what it
will actually be like to live on a college campus like visiting and seeing for yourself
the dorms，classrooms， athletic equipment and，of course，the students.It seems a
little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses，and it
can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car
ride away.But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years
of your life，and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right
one.
There's no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area.In fact，a lot of
college applications even ask if you have visited campus，and obviously，if you live
across the country， that won't be as much of a possibility，but if you live nearby，
go check it out!
If campus visits aren't going to happen before you apply，at the very least you
should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit
the schools you'd like to attend.It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out
now the things that you don't like about certain campuses，things that you wouldn't
know unless you actually visit. #b#
Now，if time and money are making it impossible，then check out the online
college fairs at CollegeWeekLive.It's a chance to chat online with admissions officers，
students，and college counselors （顾问），and it won't cost you a penny! You can
register for its online college fair at .While visiting an online
college fair can't take the place of an actual campus visit，it can be a very useful
tool， along with all your other research， to help you make an informed decision
about which colleges or universities you'd like to attend.
______________________________________________________________
分步推进
Step1 审题谋篇
体裁 议论文
主题 参观想申请的大学
框架 主题+补充论据1、2、3
Step2 画主题句，找关键信息
Para.1
1.主题句：
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
It's a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same.
2.关键信息：________________________________________________
a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply
Para.2
1.主题句：_______________________________________________________
2.关键信息：________________________________
There's no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area.
visit the schools in your local area
Para.3
1.主题句：
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2.关键信息：
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
At the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you'd like to attend.
If campus visits aren't going to happen before you apply，at the very least you
should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit
the schools you'd like to attend.
Para.4
1.主题句：_________________________________________________________________
______________________________________
2.关键信息：_______________________________
Now，if time and money are making it impossible，then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive.
check out the online college fairs
Step3 句式升级
Para.1
1.写出下列词汇的同义表达
（1）good idea→___________
（2）visit→_____________
worthwhile
pay a visit to
2.改写关键信息_____________________________________________________________
_____________________
It's really worthwhile to pay a visit to your desired colleges personally before applying.
Para.2
1.将后置定语改为前置定语
the schools in your local area→__________ colleges
2.改写关键信息_____________________________________________
your local
Undoubtedly, you should visit your local colleges.
Para.3
1.写出下列词汇的同义表达
（1）at the very least→________
（2）would like to attend→___________
at least
want to go
2.改写关键信息：____________________________________________________
At least, you should visit the schools you want to go to.
Para.4
1.同义句改写
（1）if time and money are making it impossible...
→if you ____________ time and money...
（2）check out the online college fairs
→_____ the online college fairs
are short of
visit
2.改写关键信息
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________
If you are short of time and money, visiting the online college fairs is a good alternative to help you better understand the schools.
Step4 连句成篇
根据以上分析，完成一篇内容概要写作。
参考范文
It's really worthwhile to pay a visit to your desired colleges personally before applying.
（要点1）Undoubtedly, you should visit your local colleges.（要点2）At least, you should
visit the schools you want to go to and know their real conditions in advance.（要点3）If
you are short of time and money, visiting the online college fairs is a good alternative to help
you better understand the schools.（要点4）
主题写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Rats eat our food or make it so dirty that it isn't fit for people at all. That's why people often kill them with poison. After a day or two, they find the poison still there. The rats haven't touched it, even though it is near the food which they eat. People think they must be clever and cunning（狡猾的）. Some scientists have been trying to find the best way to poison rats. They have watched just what a rat does day and night. They have found out that rats aren't so clever. They are just very shy.
Rats usually live in holes. They run from these holes to the places where they eat and drink. They have special paths on which they travel each time. So they know their paths quite well.
If anything new, such as stone or wood, is put on the path, the rats won't go near it at first as they are too frightened. It will take them many days to get over
the fear. They are also frightened to go near a place where they know something has been taken away. If a path goes around a rock, the rats follow the same path around the rock each time. If the rock is taken away, they will still run around the place where the rock was! They won't cross the empty place, which is now open to them, even though it would be quicker.
Rats will always keep away from anything unusual to them. That's why they won't eat poison on the first or second night. They usually won't go anywhere near it for about four days until they get used to it. Even then they only eat a little at a time.If people want to kill rats with poison, all they have to do is to leave it out for a few days. Once the rats get used to it, they will eat it and die.
___________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
It is generally considered that rats are smart enough not to be poisoned. They
just refuse to accept new things.（要点1） Rats are familiar with their usual paths. If
any changes take place on their usual paths, they feel it unsafe to use them.（要点2）
It took several days for rats to adjust themselves to their new surroundings. They
won't be poisoned until they become familiar with the change.（要点3）
1.Military training is to exercise our willpower! We students actively took part in it
and cooperated with each other. 军训就是为了锻炼我们的意志力！我们学生积极参与
其中，互相配合。
2.Some people are in favor of them, sa0ying that being exposed to pure and
authentic English makes it much easier for them to improve their English. 有些人支
持他们，说接触纯正地道的英语使他们更容易提高英语水平。
3.Nowadays, people usually use the phrase “rising up upon hearing the crow of a
rooster to practise sword playing” to signify that someone is exerting himself to do
something worthwhile. 如今，人们通常用“闻鸡起舞”来表示某人正在努力做一些有价
值的事情。
世界名著《呼啸山庄》（Wuthering Heights）是英国女作家勃朗特姐妹之一艾米
莉·勃朗特的作品，是19世纪英国文学的代表作之一。小说全篇充满强烈的反压迫、争
幸福的斗争精神，又始终笼罩着离奇、紧张的浪漫气氛。
Ellen Dean's story—Catherine and Heathcliff as children
1770 When I was a child，I was always at Wuthering Heights，because my
mother was a servant with the Earnshaw family.They are a very old family who have
lived in that house for centuries, as you can see from their names on the stone over
the front door.I grew up with Catherine and Hindley Earnshaw， and we three played
together as children.
One day，their father Mr Earnshaw came back from a long journey.He had
travelled sixty miles to Liverpool and back on business， and was very tired.
“Look what I've brought you！” he told us all，unwrapping① something he was
holding carefully in his arms.Catherine and Hindley were expecting presents, and they
rushed eagerly② to see what it was. They were very disappointed to see only a dirty,
black-haired gipsy③ child.
“I found him all alone in the busy streets of Liverpool，” Mr Earnshaw
explained to them，“and I couldn't leave him to die.He can sleep in your room.” But
Hindley and Catherine were angry because they had not received any presents， and
refused to let the strange child share their room.However Mr Earnshaw insisted， and
little by little the boy became accepted by the family.He was called Heathcliff，as a
first and last name.No one ever discovered who his parents had been.
Catherine and he became great friends，but Hindley hated him， and was often
cruel to him.Old Mr Earnshaw was strangely fond of this gipsy child， and
frequently punished his son for behaving badly to Heathcliff.Hindley began to be
jealous④ of his father's feelings for Heathcliff， and saw them both as enemies.
艾伦·迪恩的故事——凯瑟琳和希斯克利夫的童年
1770年 我小时候一直在呼啸山庄，因为我母亲在欧肖家做佣人。欧肖家是一个很
古老的家族，在那幢宅子住了好几百年，你能从门前石头上刻着的名字看出来。我是
同凯瑟琳和亨德雷·欧肖一起长大的，小时候我们仨都在一起玩儿。
一天，他们的父亲欧肖先生出远门回来。他步行了六十英里去利物浦办事后又赶
回来， 非常疲倦。
“看我给你们带来了什么！”他一边对我们大家说，一边打开了怀里小心抱着的
东西。凯瑟琳和亨德雷正盼望着是礼物呢，兴冲冲地围上来看到底是什么东西。当他
们只看到一个脏兮兮、黑头发的吉卜赛孩子时，他们大失所望。
“我看到他孤零零地待在利物浦繁忙的街头，”欧肖先生对他们解释说，“我总
不能让他就那么死了吧。他可以睡在你们的房里。”但亨德雷和凯瑟琳气恼没有得到
礼物， 不肯让这个陌生的孩子睡在他们的房间。但在欧肖先生的坚持下，一家人还是
渐渐地接受了这个孩子。大家都叫他希斯克利夫，既是名， 也是姓。始终没人搞清楚
他的父母是谁。
凯瑟琳和他成了好朋友，但亨德雷不喜欢他，对他常常很粗暴。老欧肖先生异乎
寻常地喜欢这个吉卜赛孩子，时常因为自己的儿子对希斯克利夫不友善而惩罚他。亨
德雷开始嫉妒他父亲对希斯克利夫的感情，视他俩为敌。
①unwrap vt.打开
②eagerly adv.渴望地；热切地
③gipsy n.吉卜赛人
④jealous adj.妒忌的
艾米莉·勃朗特（Emily Bronte）是19世纪英国的一位诗人和小说家。她在这个世
界上仅仅度过了三十年，便默默无声地离开了人间。她写过一些极为深沉的抒情诗，
包括叙事诗和短诗。
她与《简·爱》（Jane Eyre）的作者夏洛蒂·勃朗特（Charlotte Bronte）及她们的
小妹妹——《艾格尼丝·格雷》（Agnes Grey）的作者安妮·勃朗特（Anne Bronte）并
称“勃朗特三姐妹”，在英国19世纪文坛上焕发异彩。
