Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
【学习目标】
1.了解课文大意;培养略读和查读等阅读能力。(语言能力,思维品质)
2.理解并能够自主运用重要语言点的用法。(语言能力)
3.通过阅读熟悉关于非现金支付的写作的文体特征,并掌握其写作方法及策略。(语言能力,学习能力)
【合作探究】
语篇研读
Step 1 文本整体理解,关注布局谋篇
Match each paragraph with its main idea according to the passage on Pages 58-60.
( )1.Para.1 ( )2.Para.2
( )3.Para.3 ( )4.Para.4
( )5.Para.5
A.The sharing economy has potential risks.
B.The action of sharing takes on extra meaning now.
C.Learning to share is a win-win situation.
D.The behaviour of sharing is beneficial to setting up positive emotional bonding.
E.The sharing economy is increasing quickly.
答案 1~5 DBCAE
Step 2 细读课文,明确教材细节
Read the passage on Pages 58-60 carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What is the attitude of the whole society towards sharing behaviour
A.Positive. B.Opponent. C.Puzzled. D.Angry.
2.What can we learn from the second paragraph
A.The action of sharing is the same as before.
B.The action of sharing is only about sharing sweets or frustration.
C.Sharing can reduce the money that we spend on goods and services.
D.Home shares are not supported by the people.
3.How can we deal with the sharing economy's problems
A.We should limit new areas of economic activity.
B.We should not persuade some companies to expand their share of the market.
C.We try to avoid trading on the platform.
D.We should improve the technology of the sharing economy.
答案 1~3 ACD
新知探究
核 心 单 词
知识点1 sorrow n.令人悲伤的事;不幸;悲伤;悲痛;悲哀 *sorrowful adj.悲伤的;伤心的 *sorrowfully adv.悲伤地;伤心地
(P58)Parents and teachers keep reminding us to share toys, snacks, books, happy memories, and sometimes even sorrows with others.父母和老师不断地提醒我们要与他人分享玩具、零食、书籍以及快乐的回忆,有些时候甚至要分享自己的伤心事。
知识拓展
to one's sorrow 令某人悲伤的是
be in sorrow 处于悲伤之中
express sorrow at/for/over 对……表示悲伤
经典佳句
It helps to share your sorrow with someone else.向他人诉说你的痛苦对你是有帮助的。
They said that the decision was made more out of sorrow than anger. 他们说做出这个决定,与其说是出于气愤,不如说是出于悲伤。
融会应用 单句填空
(1) his great sorrow,his pet dog was lost.
(2)The boy expressed great sorrow having done wrong.
(3)With a (sorrow) sigh, she folded the letter and put it away.
答案 (1)To (2)at/for/over (3)sorrowful
知识点2 expand v.扩大;增加;扩展;发展 *expansion n.扩张;扩展
(P58)It's not just about sharing sweets or frustration; it has expanded to almost every aspect of our lives—the whole world seems to be into sharing.分享行为不仅仅是分享糖果或挫折,几乎已经扩展到生活的方方面面——整个世界似乎都在分享。
知识拓展
expand into 拓展到;拓展成
expand on/upon 充分阐述;详谈
熟词生义
expand v. 细谈;详述;详细阐明
Committee members expanded on the issues at the meeting.委员会成员在会上详述了那些问题。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)During the past two years, the library (expand) into a big one,which is three times as big as the previous one.
(2)The IOC is always looking for ways (expand) the global reach of the Winter Games.
(3)I'm quite satisfied with your explanation, so there's no need to expand it.
答案 (1)has expanded (2)to expand (3)on/upon
知识点3 expense n.费用;花费;价钱 *expensive adj.昂贵的;花钱多的
(P60)Some companies are taking unfair advantage of this situation to expand their share of the market, often at the expense of more traditional and established companies.一些公司正在利用这种情况获取不公平的优势,以扩大市场份额,通常以牺牲已有的更为传统的公司为代价。
知识拓展
at one's own expense 自费
at the public expense 公费
living expenses 生活费
at any expense 不管花费多少;不惜代价
at the expense of 牺牲……;以……为代价
it is expensive to do... ……是很花钱的
经典佳句
Our expenses far outweigh our income. 我们的支出远超我们的收入。
He paid all the school expenses by himself. 他自己筹措支付所有的学费。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)She gave a concert her brother's expense.
(2)He secured fame and wealth at the expense his health.
(3)It is expensive (travel) by plane.
答案 (1)at (2)of (3)to travel
知识点4 abuse n.滥用;妄用;虐待 v.滥用;虐待
(P60)In addition, the sharing economy is subject to abuse of trust. 此外,共享经济容易受到信任滥用的影响。
知识拓展
child abuse虐待儿童
alcohol abuse 酗酒
drug abuse 药物滥用
abuse one's power滥用职权
经典佳句
It is said that the journalists who covered the case last week have been threatened and abused.据说,上周报道这个事件的记者遭到了恐吓和辱骂。
Anyone who is in possession of power may abuse his power.任何握有权力的人都可能滥用权力。
融会应用 单句写作
(1)They organized an association .他们组织了一个防止虐童的协会。
(2)For years, the country has been wrestling with .多年来,那个国家一直在努力解决药物滥用的问题。
(3)It can be used to transform organizations and improve lives, or .它可以被用来改造组织和改善生活,也可以被滥用。
答案 (1)for the prevention of child abuse
(2)the problem of drug abuse (3)it can be abused
短 语 句 式
知识点5 take off (飞机)起飞;突然成功;脱去(衣服等);摘掉;匆匆离开;休假
(P59)The sharing economy is taking off in all sorts of areas.共享经济正在各个领域蓬勃发展。
知识拓展
take in 吸收;收留;欺骗
take on 呈现;雇用;承担
take up 占用 (时间、空间或精力);开始从事;着手处理
take down 写下;记下;拆卸
take over 接管;接任;控制
经典佳句
The accident happened as the jet was about to take off.这次事故是在喷气式飞机正要起飞时发生的。
They will certainly need to take in plenty of liquid. 他们肯定需要吸收大量液体。
融会应用 写出下列句子中take off的含义
(1)Three planes were standing on the runway,waiting to take off.
(2)I wish you'd take off that hat when you are in the classroom.
(3)Congratulations,Paulo! Now maybe you can take a few days off.
(4)He took off because of his good performance.
(5)He took off at once and headed back to the motel.
答案 (1)起飞 (2)摘掉 (3)休假 (4)突然成功
(5)匆匆离开
知识点6 cut down 削减;减少;砍倒;删减
(P59)What's more,sharing encourages us to reuse items,thereby cutting down on waste.更重要的是,分享鼓励我们重复使用物品,从而减少浪费。
知识拓展
cut off剪除;割掉;切断(水、电、煤气等的供应);(电话)中断
cut across穿过;抄近路
cut up切碎
cut out删掉
cut in插话
经典佳句
You smoke too much—you should try to cut down.你抽烟太凶了,应该尝试着少抽点。
Car owners were asked to cut down travel.车主们被要求减少出行。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)Don't cut when others are talking.
(2)We were cut in the middle of our telephone conversation.
(3)Please cut the apple into equal pieces.
(4)Tom has been asked to have the tree cut .
答案 (1)in (2)off (3)up (4)down
写作探究
关于非现金支付的写作
本单元的写作任务是关于非现金支付的写作,属于介绍类写作,并且多以介绍信为主。该类写作虽然属于说明文,但是带有一定的讲解宣传性质,因此语言力求简洁明了,以吸引收信人的注意力,让对方能够通过简短的内容获取最多的信息。
探究点1 教材范例提炼
课文范例
素材积累
Ⅰ.常用词汇
1.introduce v.介绍
2.widely-used adj.广泛应用的
3.Scan to Pay 扫码支付
4.purchase v.购买
5.software n.软件
6.deposit card 储蓄卡
7.application n.应用软件;应用程序
8.commodity n.商品
9.widespread adj.广泛的
10.in favor of 支持
11.convenient adj.方便的
12.reveal v.泄露
13.advantageous adj.有利的
14.properly adv.正确地
15.popularity n.流行;普及
16.convenience n.便利
17.QR code 二维码
18.personal information 个人信息
19.take cash 携带现金
20.China's new four great inventions 中国新四大发明
21.by storm 席卷
Ⅱ.话题句式
1.I am more than pleased to have received your letter, in which you expressed great interest in the widely-used Scan to Pay, the way people pay for their purchases in China.我非常高兴收到你的信,你在信中表示对广泛使用的扫码支付,即人们在中国支付的方式,有极大的兴趣。
2.It is the widespread use of Scan to Pay that saves us the trouble of taking cash.正是扫码支付的广泛使用,让我们省去了带现金的麻烦。
3.For my part, I'm in favor of Scan to Pay in that we can purchase stuff in a more convenient way. However, personal information could be revealed, so we need to use it properly.对我来说,我支持扫码支付,因为我们可以更方便地购买东西。然而个人信息可能会被泄露,所以我们需要正确地使用它。
4.As everyone can see, Scan to Pay is gaining more and more popularity among people. 正如每个人都能看到的,扫码支付越来越受人们的欢迎。
探究点2 写作应用体验
写作典例
假定你是李华,你的外国朋友Sam最近对扫码支付非常感兴趣,他来信希望你能简单地向他介绍扫码支付,并且谈谈你对扫码支付的看法。请你用英语给他回信。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Sam,
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Yours,
Li Hua
分步推进
Step 1 审题谋篇
Step 2 要点翻译
1.词汇翻译
(1) 对……感兴趣
(2) 愉快地;高兴地
(3) 转换成
(4) 支付;为……付钱
(5) 支持(某人或某事物)
(6) 有价值
答案 (1)be interested in (2)with pleasure
(3)transfer into (4)pay for (5)in favor of (6)be of value
2.句子翻译
(1)你可以用你的手机支付商品的费用。
You by using your phone.
(2)然而,个人信息可能会被透露。
However, personal information .
(3)因此,我们需要正确地使用它。
As a result, we need to .
答案 (1)are able to pay for commodities (2)could be revealed (3)use it properly
Step 3 句式升级
将上题中的句(2)、句(3)合并成and构成的并列句
_______________________________________________________________________________
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答案 However, personal information could be revealed, and as a result, we need to use it properly.
Step 4 连句成篇
利用以上几个句子,加上恰当的连接词和过渡句,必要时可以改变句式,使之成为一篇连贯的文章。
参考范文
Dear Sam,
I am more than pleased to have received your letter, in which you expressed great interest in the widely-used Scan to Pay, the way people pay for their purchases in China. I'm writing with pleasure to briefly introduce it.
Scan to Pay brings you a lot of convenience. You are able to pay for commodities by using your phone. It is the widespread use of Scan to Pay that saves us the trouble of taking cash.
For my part, I'm in favor of Scan to Pay, through which we can purchase stuff in a more convenient way. However, personal information could be revealed, and as a result, we need to use it properly.
Yours,
Li Hua
【随堂检测】
夯实基础
主题写作
移动支付已经全面走进我们的生活,但人们对此褒贬不一。一家英文报社现以“移动支付”为话题向中学生征文,请结合它的优点和缺点,以及你的个人观点写一篇征文。
注意:1.词数80 左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:移动支付mobile payment;电子账户e-account
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参考范文
Mobile payment is becoming increasingly popular in China.But people's opinions vary from person to person on mobile payments.
Most people hold the view that it is quick and convenient,as well as saves paper. However,some people take a different attitude. They worry about the safety of e-accounts,from which hackers may steal money easily.
As far as I'm concerned,almost all the e-accounts are insured and available only with passwords or fingerprints. Therefore,I am deeply convinced that its advantages far outweigh its disadvantages and the green payment deserves to be promoted.
【课外拓展】
视野拓展
1.During this epidemic, it is you who, regardless of the shortage of equipment and the potential risk of infection, desperately rescue those infected.在这场流行病期间,不管设备短缺和潜在的感染风险,正是你们竭尽全力地去拯救那些被感染者。
2.Obviously, possessing text and sound materials related to Mandarin practice should be put first, which can be purchased online.显然,拥有与普通话实践相关的文本和声音材料应该放在首位,这些可以在网上购买。
3.Please give us some guidance and training in our pronunciation,because we all hope to speak English fluently and clearly.请给我们发音方面的一些指导和训练,因为我们都希望能说出流利而清晰的英语。
4.On the Dragon Boat Festival, families have a big conventional dinner, eating Zongzi and other delicious foods to honor an ancient poet named Qu Yuan.在端午节上,家庭会有一顿丰盛而传统的晚餐,吃粽子和其他美味的食物来纪念一位名叫屈原的古代诗人。
5.We allowed students a longer time to pay off any expenses they had from the previous semester.我们允许学生有更长的时间来付清他们上学期的任何费用。
英美文化
美篇导读
《大卫·科波菲尔》(David Copperfield)是19世纪英国批判现实主义作家查尔斯·狄更斯的一部重要作品,写于1848-1850年。在这部带有自传性质的小说里,狄更斯在讲述大卫的故事时融进了许多自己的生活经历,表现出他的人生态度和道德理想。作品所展示的绘声绘色、丰富多彩的生活画面,具有鲜明深刻的时代特点。
美篇呈现
David is sent away to school
I was very unhappy during this time.Mr Murdstone insisted on my studying,and so my mother gave me lessons.In the past she and I had enjoyed our studies together,and she had taught me a lot in her gentle way.But now both Mr and Miss Murdstone were present during my lessons,and somehow I could not concentrate① or remember what I had learnt.My poor mother was very sympathetic②,and tried to encourage me,sometimes even whispering the answer to me.But the Murdstones had sharp ears.
“Clara,my love!”Mr Murdstone used to say crossly.“Remember!Be firm!You're making the boy's character worse by helping him like that!”
“Oh,Edward,I'm sorry,”my mother replied,looking embarrassed③ and hanging her head like a guilty child.
One morning when I arrived in the sitting room as usual for my lesson,I saw that Mr Murdstone had a thin stick in his hand.I could not take my eyes off it.
“You must be very careful today,David,”he said with his unpleasant smile,holding the stick with both hands.
I knew what would happen then.A terrible fear took hold of④ me,and all that I had learnt disappeared immediately from my memory,so that I could not answer any of my mother's questions.Mr Murdstone got up from his chair.
“Well David,”he said heavily,“I think you've worried your mother enough today.We'll go upstairs, boy.Come.”And he picked up the stick.I heard my mother crying as we went upstairs.
“Please,Mr Murdstone!”I cried.“Don't beat me!I've tried to learn, really I have, sir!”
But he did not listen to me.In my bedroom,he held my arms and started hitting me with the stick.I managed to get hold of his hand,and bit deep into it.He cried out angrily,and began to hit me as hard as he could.Above the noise of my screams,I could hear my mother and Peggotty crying outside the door.Then the next moment, he was gone.I heard him lock the door.And I was lying,sore and bleeding,on the floor.The whole house seemed suddenly very quiet.
I stayed there for a time,without moving.In the evening Miss Murdstone brought me some bread and milk,which she left on the floor beside me, frowning angrily at me as she went out.I was kept locked in that room for five days and nights,and saw nobody except Miss Murdstone,who brought me food but never spoke to me.To a small boy, the five days seemed like years, and I can still remember how frightened and guilty⑤ I felt.
But during the fifth night I heard a strange noise at the keyhole.It was Peggotty,trying to give me a message.
“Master David,my dear,”she whispered,sobbing,“they are going to send you away to boarding school⑥!Tomorrow!”
“Oh Peggotty!”I cried.“Then I won't see you and mother very often!”
“No, my love.But don't forget, I'll take care of your mother.She needs her cross old Peggotty!I'll stay with her,although I hate these Murdstones.And remember, David, I love you as much as I love your mother, and more.And I'll write to you.”
“Thank you,dear Peggotty!”I whispered back, tears rolling down my face.“Will you write to your brother too, and Ham, and little Emily, and tell them I'm not as bad as the Murdstones think And send my love to them, especially little Emily ”
Peggotty promised to do what I asked.The next morning Miss Murdstone told me that because of my wickedness⑦ I was going away to school.She had already packed my case for me.My mother was only allowed to say a very quick goodbye⑧ to me, when the horse and cart arrived.The driver put my case on the cart,and we drove slowly out of Blunderstone.
I was still sobbing loudly when suddenly I saw Peggotty running after us on the road.The driver stopped and waited for her.With difficulty she climbed up onto the cart.
“Here, Master David!”she cried breathlessly.“A little present from me and your dear mother!Take care of yourself,my dear!”She put a small purse and a paper bag into my hands, and held me so close to her fat body that I thought I would never breathe again.Then she jumped down and ran back along the road to the village.
As we continued our journey, I dried my tears and looked at what she had given me.The bag was full of Peggotty's special cakes,and in the purse were eight bright shilling coins.Thinking of my mother and Peggotty made me start crying again, but just then the driver, Mr Barkis, began to talk to me.He was a large,red-faced man,who clearly found conversation difficult.
大卫被送往学校
这段时期我很不愉快。摩德斯通先生坚持要我学习,所以母亲就教我功课。过去,母亲和我都可以从教和学当中得到乐趣,她用她温和的方式教给我许多知识。但如今,我们上课时摩德斯通姐弟都在场,这不知为什么让我不能集中精神,不能记住所学的内容。可怜的母亲同情我,设法鼓励我,有时甚至悄声告诉我答案,可摩德斯通姐弟的耳朵特别尖。
“克拉拉,亲爱的!”摩德斯通先生总是很恼怒地说道,“记住!要严厉!你这样帮着孩子会把他的脾气惯得更糟!”
“哦,爱德华,很抱歉,”母亲答道,满脸尴尬,像一个犯了错的孩子似的低下了头。
一天早上,我像往常一样来到客厅学功课,看见摩德斯通先生手上拿着一根细木棍,我的眼睛直勾勾地盯着它不放。
“你今天要非常小心,大卫,”他冷笑道,双手握着那根木棍。
我知道接下来要发生什么。一阵强烈的恐惧占据了我的心头,把我所学会的东西从我的记忆中一扫而光,以至于母亲问我的问题我一个都回答不上来。摩德斯通先生从座位上站起来。
“好了,大卫,”他严厉地说,“我想你今天够难为你母亲的了,我们上楼吧,孩子,来吧。”他拿起木棍。我们俩上楼时我听见母亲在哭泣。
“求您了,摩德斯通先生!”我哭道,“别打我!我已经尽力学习了,我真的尽力了,先生!”
可他并不理睬。到了我的卧房,他抓住我的双臂,开始用木棍打我。我没法抓住了他的手,狠狠地咬了一口。他愤怒地叫了一声,开始使出浑身的劲儿来打我。在我一阵阵的尖叫声背后,我听见母亲和辟果提在门外哭泣。接下来,他走了。我听见他锁上了门。我躺在地上,浑身疼痛,还流着血。整个屋子似乎突然一下子变得寂静了。
我一动不动地在地上躺了一段时间。晚上,摩德斯通小姐给我拿来一些面包和牛奶,放在我身边的地上,出门时还生气地冲我皱皱眉头。我被锁在房间里五天五夜,其间除了摩德斯通小姐默不作声地给我送点食物,未见有其他任何人来。对一个小男孩来说,这五天时间简直就像数年,我至今还记得当时有多恐惧、有多内疚。
但在第五天夜里,我听到有一个奇怪的声音从锁眼里传来。那是辟果提,设法给我送口信来了。
“大卫少爷,亲爱的,”她低声抽泣道,“他们要把你送到寄宿学校去!明天!”
“哦!辟果提!”我哭道,“那我就不能常见着你和母亲了!”
“不能了,我亲爱的。但你放心,我会照顾你母亲,她需要我这位脾气大的老辟果提!我会留下来陪她,尽管我讨厌摩德斯通姐弟。记住,大卫,我爱你跟爱你母亲一样,只多不少。我会写信给你。”
“谢谢你,亲爱的辟果提!”我轻声回答,泪水滚落到脸颊。“请你也写信给你的兄弟,还有哈姆,小埃米莉,告诉他们我并不像摩德斯通姐弟认为的那么坏。带给他们我的问候,特别是小埃米莉,好吗 ”
辟果提答应了我的请求。第二天一早,摩德斯通小姐告诉我,由于我的劣行,我要被送往学校。她已经为我准备好行装。母亲只被允许在马车到达时说一句简单的道别话。马车夫把我的手提箱放到车上,我们就慢慢地离开了布兰德斯通。
我一直不停地大声哭喊着,突然看见辟果提从后面追来。马车夫停下来等她,她很吃力地爬上了车。
“给你,大卫少爷!”她上气不接下气地说道,“这是我和你亲爱的母亲留给你的小礼物!好好照顾自己,亲爱的!”她把一个小钱包和一个纸袋塞给我,又把我紧紧地贴到她肥胖的怀里,当时我觉得可能再也喘不上气了。然后,她跳下车,沿着马路跑回了村庄。
我们继续往前赶路,我擦干泪水,打开她给我的东西。纸袋里是辟果提做的拿手糕点,钱包里有8先令闪亮的硬币。一想到母亲和辟果提我又一次哭起来。这时,车夫巴克斯先生开始跟我说话了。他是一位红脸壮汉,显然很不擅长与人交谈。
知识积累
①concentrate v.集中(注意力)
②sympathetic adj.有同情心的;表示同情的
③embarrassed adj.难堪的;局促不安的
④take hold of 抓住
⑤guilty adj.有罪的
⑥boarding school 寄宿学校
⑦wickedness n.邪恶;不道德
⑧say a very quick goodbye 匆匆道别
素养链接
查尔斯·狄更斯(Charles Dickens),19世纪英国小说家,出生于海军小职员家庭。狄更斯是高产作家,他凭借勤奋和天赋创作出一大批经典著作。他又是一位幽默大师,常常用妙趣横生的语言在浪漫和现实中讲述人间真相。狄更斯是19世纪英国现实主义文学的主要代表。艺术上以妙趣横生的幽默、细致入微的心理分析,以及现实主义描写与浪漫主义气氛的有机结合著称。马克思把他和萨克雷等称誉为英国的“一批杰出的小说家”。
2(共56张PPT)
Unit 4 Everyday economics
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
1.了解课文大意；培养略读和查读等阅读能力。（语言能力，思维品质）
2.理解并能够自主运用重要语言点的用法。（语言能力）
3.通过阅读熟悉关于非现金支付的写作的文体特征,并掌握其写作方法及策略。（语言能力，学习能力）
Step 1 文本整体理解，关注布局谋篇
Match each paragraph with its main idea according to the passage on Pages 58-60.
A.The sharing economy has potential risks.
B.The action of sharing takes on extra meaning now.
C.Learning to share is a win-win situation.
D.The behaviour of sharing is beneficial to setting up positive emotional bonding.
E.The sharing economy is increasing quickly.
1.Para.1( )
2.Para.2( )
3.Para.3( )
4.Para.4( )
5.Para.5( )
D
B
C
A
E
Step 2 细读课文，明确教材细节
Read the passage on Pages 58-60 carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What is the attitude of the whole society towards sharing behaviour ( )
A
A.Positive. B.Opponent. C.Puzzled. D.Angry.
2.What can we learn from the second paragraph ( )
C
A.The action of sharing is the same as before.
B.The action of sharing is only about sharing sweets or frustration.
C.Sharing can reduce the money that we spend on goods and services.
D.Home shares are not supported by the people.
3.How can we deal with the sharing economy's problems ( )
D
A.We should limit new areas of economic activity.
B.We should not persuade some companies to expand their share of the market.
C.We try to avoid trading on the platform.
D.We should improve the technology of the sharing economy.
核心单词
知识点1 sorrow n.令人悲伤的事；不幸；悲伤；悲痛；悲哀＊sorrowful adj.悲伤的；伤心的＊sorrowfully adv.悲伤地；伤心地
（P58）Parents and teachers keep reminding us to share toys, snacks, books, happy
memories, and sometimes even sorrows with others.父母和老师不断地提醒我们要与他
人分享玩具、零食、书籍以及快乐的回忆，有些时候甚至要分享自己的伤心事。
to one's sorrow 令某人悲伤的是
be in sorrow 处于悲伤之中
express sorrow at/for/over 对……表示悲伤
It helps to share your sorrow with someone else.向他人诉说你的痛苦对你是有帮助的。
They said that the decision was made more out of sorrow than anger.他们说做出这个决
定，与其说是出于气愤，不如说是出于悲伤。
知识拓展
经典佳句
融会应用 单句填空
（1）____ his great sorrow，his pet dog was lost.
（2）The boy expressed great sorrow __________ having done wrong.
（3）With a __________（sorrow） sigh, she folded the letter and put it away.
To
at/for/over
sorrowful
知识点2 expand v.扩大；增加；扩展；发展＊expansion n.扩张；扩展
（P58）It's not just about sharing sweets or frustration; it has expanded to almost
every aspect of our lives—the whole world seems to be into sharing.分享行为不仅仅
是分享糖果或挫折，几乎已经扩展到生活的方方面面——整个世界似乎都在分享。
expand into 拓展到；拓展成
expand on/upon 充分阐述；详谈
知识拓展
expand v. 细谈；详述；详细阐明
Committee members expanded on the issues at the meeting.委员会成员在会上详述了
那些问题。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）During the past two years, the library _____________（expand） into a big
one,which is three times as big as the previous one.
（2）The IOC is always looking for ways __________（expand） the global reach of
the Winter Games.
（3）I'm quite satisfied with your explanation, so there's no need to expand ________
it.
has expanded
to expand
on/upon
熟词生义
知识点3 expense n.费用；花费；价钱＊expensive adj.昂贵的；花钱多的
（P60）Some companies are taking unfair advantage of this situation to expand their
share of the market, often at the expense of more traditional and established
companies.一些公司正在利用这种情况获取不公平的优势，以扩大市场份额，通常以牺
牲已有的更为传统的公司为代价。
at one's own expense 自费
at the public expense 公费
living expenses 生活费
at any expense 不管花费多少;不惜代价
at the expense of 牺牲……；以……为代价
it is expensive to do… ……是很花钱的
知识拓展
融会应用 单句填空
（1）She gave a concert ___ her brother's expense.
（2）He secured fame and wealth at the expense ___ his health.
（3）It is expensive _________（travel） by plane.
at
of
to travel
Our expenses far outweigh our income. 我们的支出远超我们的收入。
He paid all the school expenses by himself. 他自己筹措支付所有的学费。
经典佳句
知识点4 abuse n.滥用；妄用；虐待 v.滥用；虐待
（P60）In addition, the sharing economy is subject to abuse of trust. 此外，共享经
济容易受到信任滥用的影响。
child abuse虐待儿童
alcohol abuse 酗酒
drug abuse 药物滥用
abuse one's power滥用职权
知识拓展
It is said that the journalists who covered the case last week have been threatened and
abused.据说，上周报道这个事件的记者遭到了恐吓和辱骂。
Anyone who is in possession of power may abuse his power.任何握有权力的人都可
能滥用权力。
经典佳句
融会应用 单句写作
（1）They organized an association ______________________________.他们组织了一
个防止虐童的协会。
（2）For years， the country has been wrestling with _________________________.
多年来，那个国家一直在努力解决药物滥用的问题。
（3）It can be used to transform organizations and improve lives， or
________________.它可以被用来改造组织和改善生活，也可以被滥用。
for the prevention of child abuse
the problem of drug abuse
it can be abused
短语句式
知识点5 take off （飞机）起飞；突然成功；脱去（衣服等）；摘掉；匆匆离开；休假
（P59）The sharing economy is taking off in all sorts of areas.共享经济正在各个领
域蓬勃发展。
take in 吸收；收留；欺骗
take on 呈现；雇用；承担
take up 占用 （时间、空间或精力）；开始从事；着手处理
take down 写下；记下；拆卸
take over 接管；接任；控制
The accident happened as the jet was about to take off.这次事故是在喷气式飞机正要起
飞时发生的。
They will certainly need to take in plenty of liquid.他们肯定需要吸收大量液体。
知识拓展
经典佳句
融会应用 写出下列句子中take off的含义
（1）Three planes were standing on the runway，waiting to take off.______
（2）I wish you'd take off that hat when you are in the classroom.______
（3）Congratulations，Paulo! Now maybe you can take a few days off.______
（4）He took off because of his good performance.__________
（5）He took off at once and headed back to the motel.__________
起飞
摘掉
休假
突然成功
匆匆离开
知识点6 cut down 削减；减少；砍倒；删减
（P59）What's more，sharing encourages us to reuse items，thereby cutting down on
waste.更重要的是，分享鼓励我们重复使用物品，从而减少浪费。
cut off 剪除；割掉；切断（水、电、煤气等的供应）；（电话）中断
cut across 穿过；抄近路
cut up 切碎
cut out 删掉
cut in 插话
知识拓展
You smoke too much—you should try to cut down.你抽烟太凶了,应该尝试着少抽点。
Car owners were asked to cut down travel.车主们被要求减少出行。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）Don't cut ___ when others are talking.
（2）We were cut ____ in the middle of our telephone conversation.
（3）Please cut the apple ____ into equal pieces.
（4）Tom has been asked to have the tree cut ______.
in
off
up
down
经典佳句
关于非现金支付的写作
本单元的写作任务是关于非现金支付的写作，属于介绍类写作，并且多以介绍信
为主。该类写作虽然属于说明文，但是带有一定的讲解宣传性质，因此语言力求简洁
明了，以吸引收信人的注意力，让对方能够通过简短的内容获取最多的信息。
探究点1 教材范例提炼
课文范例
素材积累
Ⅰ.常用词汇
1.introduce v.介绍
2.widely-used adj.广泛应用的
3.Scan to Pay 扫码支付
4.purchase v.购买
5.software n.软件
6.deposit card 储蓄卡
7.application n.应用软件；应用程序
8.commodity n.商品
9.widespread adj.广泛的
10.in favor of 支持
11.convenient adj.方便的
12.reveal v.泄露
13.advantageous adj.有利的
14.properly adv.正确地
15.popularity n.流行；普及
16.convenience n.便利
17.QR code 二维码
18.personal information 个人信息
19.take cash 携带现金
20.China's new four great inventions 中国新四大发明
21.by storm 席卷
Ⅱ.话题句式
1.I am more than pleased to have received your letter, in which you expressed great
interest in the widely-used Scan to Pay, the way people pay for their purchases in
China.我非常高兴收到你的信，你在信中表示对广泛使用的扫码支付，即人们在中国支
付的方式，有极大的兴趣。
2.It is the widespread use of Scan to Pay that saves us the trouble of taking cash.正
是扫码支付的广泛使用，让我们省去了带现金的麻烦。
3.For my part, I'm in favor of Scan to Pay in that we can purchase stuff in a more
convenient way. However, personal information could be revealed, so we need to use
it properly.对我来说，我支持扫码支付，因为我们可以更方便地购买东西。然而个人信
息可能会被泄露，所以我们需要正确地使用它。
4.As everyone can see, Scan to Pay is gaining more and more popularity among
people. 正如每个人都能看到的，扫码支付越来越受人们的欢迎。
探究点2 写作应用体验
写作典例
假定你是李华，你的外国朋友Sam最近对扫码支付非常感兴趣，他来信希望你能
简单地向他介绍扫码支付，并且谈谈你对扫码支付的看法。请你用英语给他回信。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Sam,
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
分步推进
Step 1 审题谋篇
Step 2 要点翻译
1.词汇翻译
（1）_______________对……感兴趣
（2）_____________愉快地；高兴地
（3）____________转换成
（4）________支付；为……付钱
（5）___________ 支持（某人或某事物）
（6）____________ 有价值
be interested in
with pleasure
transfer into
pay for
in favor of
be of value
2.句子翻译
（1）你可以用你的手机支付商品的费用。
You ______________________________ by using your phone.
（2）然而，个人信息可能会被透露。
However, personal information _________________.
（3）因此，我们需要正确地使用它。
As a result, we need to ______________.
are able to pay for commodities
could be revealed
use it properly
Step 3 句式升级
将上题中的句（2）、句（3）合并成and构成的并列句
___________________________________________________________________________
________
However, personal information could be revealed, and as a result, we need to use it properly.
Step 4 连句成篇
利用以上几个句子，加上恰当的连接词和过渡句，必要时可以改变句式，使之成
为一篇连贯的文章。
参考范文
Dear Sam,
I am more than pleased to have received your letter, in which you expressed great
interest in the widely-used Scan to Pay, the way people pay for their purchases in China.
I'm writing with pleasure to briefly introduce it.
Scan to Pay brings you a lot of convenience. You are able to pay for commodities by
using your phone. It is the widespread use of Scan to Pay that saves us the trouble of
taking cash.
For my part, I'm in favor of Scan to Pay, through which we can purchase stuff in a more
convenient way. However, personal information could be revealed, and as a result, we need
to use it properly.
Yours,
Li Hua
主题写作
移动支付已经全面走进我们的生活，但人们对此褒贬不一。一家英文报社现以“移动支付”为话题向中学生征文，请结合它的优点和缺点，以及你的个人观点写一篇征文。
注意：1.词数80 左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：移动支付mobile payment；电子账户e-account
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Mobile payment is becoming increasingly popular in China.But people's
opinions vary from person to person on mobile payments.
Most people hold the view that it is quick and convenient，as well as saves
paper. However，some people take a different attitude. They worry about the safety
of e-accounts，from which hackers may steal money easily.
As far as I'm concerned，almost all the e-accounts are insured and available only
with passwords or fingerprints. Therefore，I am deeply convinced that its advantages
far outweigh its disadvantages and the green payment deserves to be promoted.
1.During this epidemic, it is you who, regardless of the shortage of equipment and
the potential risk of infection, desperately rescue those infected.在这场流行病期间，
不管设备短缺和潜在的感染风险，正是你们竭尽全力地去拯救那些被感染者。
2.Obviously, possessing text and sound materials related to Mandarin practice should
be put first, which can be purchased online.显然，拥有与普通话实践相关的文本和声
音材料应该放在首位，这些可以在网上购买。
3.Please give us some guidance and training in our pronunciation，because we all
hope to speak English fluently and clearly.请给我们发音方面的一些指导和训练，因为
我们都希望能说出流利而清晰的英语。
4.On the Dragon Boat Festival, families have a big conventional dinner, eating
Zongzi and other delicious foods to honor an ancient poet named Qu Yuan.在端午节
上，家庭会有一顿丰盛而传统的晚餐，吃粽子和其他美味的食物来纪念一位名叫屈原
的古代诗人。
5.We allowed students a longer time to pay off any expenses they had from the
previous semester.我们允许学生有更长的时间来付清他们上学期的任何费用。
《大卫·科波菲尔》（David Copperfield）是19世纪英国批判现实主义作家查尔
斯·狄更斯的一部重要作品，写于1848-1850年。在这部带有自传性质的小说里，狄更
斯在讲述大卫的故事时融进了许多自己的生活经历，表现出他的人生态度和道德理想。
作品所展示的绘声绘色、丰富多彩的生活画面，具有鲜明深刻的时代特点。
David is sent away to school
I was very unhappy during this time.Mr Murdstone insisted on my studying，and
so my mother gave me lessons.In the past she and I had enjoyed our studies together，
and she had taught me a lot in her gentle way.But now both Mr and Miss
Murdstone were present during my lessons, and somehow I could not concentrate①
or remember what I had learnt.My poor mother was very sympathetic②, and tried to
encourage me, sometimes even whispering the answer to me.But the Murdstones had
sharp ears.
“Clara, my love! ”Mr Murdstone used to say crossly.“Remember! Be firm! You're
making the boy's character worse by helping him like that!”
“Oh, Edward, I'm sorry,”my mother replied, looking embarrassed③ and hanging
her head like a guilty child.
One morning when I arrived in the sitting room as usual for my lesson, I saw
that Mr Murdstone had a thin stick in his hand.I could not take my eyes off it.
“You must be very careful today, David,”he said with his unpleasant smile,
holding the stick with both hands.
I knew what would happen then.A terrible fear took hold of④ me，and all that
I had learnt disappeared immediately from my memory, so that I could not answer
any of my mother's questions.Mr Murdstone got up from his chair.
“Well David,”he said heavily, “I think you've worried your mother enough
today.We'll go upstairs, boy.Come.”And he picked up the stick.I heard my mother
crying as we went upstairs.
“Please, Mr Murdstone!”I cried.“Don't beat me! I've tried to learn, really I have,
sir!”
But he did not listen to me.In my bedroom, he held my arms and started hitting
me with the stick.I managed to get hold of his hand, and bit deep into it.He cried
out angrily, and began to hit me as hard as he could.Above the noise of my screams,
I could hear my mother and Peggotty crying outside the door.Then the next moment,
he was gone.I heard him lock the door.And I was lying, sore and bleeding, on the
floor.The whole house seemed suddenly very quiet.
I stayed there for a time, without moving.In the evening Miss Murdstone brought
me some bread and milk, which she left on the floor beside me, frowning angrily at
me as she went out.I was kept locked in that room for five days and nights, and
saw nobody except Miss Murdstone, who brought me food but never spoke to me.To
a small boy, the five days seemed like years, and I can still remember how
frightened and guilty⑤ I felt.
But during the fifth night I heard a strange noise at the keyhole.It was Peggotty,
trying to give me a message.
“Master David, my dear,”she whispered, sobbing, “they are going to send you
away to boarding school⑥! Tomorrow!”
“Oh Peggotty!”I cried.“Then I won't see you and mother very often!”
“No, my love.But don't forget, I'll take care of your mother.She needs her cross
old Peggotty！I'll stay with her, although I hate these Murdstones.And remember,
David, I love you as much as I love your mother, and more.And I'll write to you.”
“Thank you, dear Peggotty!”I whispered back, tears rolling down my face.“Will
you write to your brother too, and Ham, and little Emily, and tell them I'm not as
bad as the Murdstones think？And send my love to them, especially little Emily？”
Peggotty promised to do what I asked.The next morning Miss Murdstone told me
that because of my wickedness⑦ I was going away to school.She had already packed
my case for me.My mother was only allowed to say a very quick goodbye⑧ to me，
when the horse and cart arrived.The driver put my case on the cart, and we drove
slowly out of Blunderstone.
I was still sobbing loudly when suddenly I saw Peggotty running after us on the
road.The driver stopped and waited for her.With difficulty she climbed up onto the
cart. #b#
“Here, Master David!”she cried breathlessly.“A little present from me and your
dear mother! Take care of yourself，my dear！”She put a small purse and a paper
bag into my hands, and held me so close to her fat body that I thought I would
never breathe again.Then she jumped down and ran back along the road to the
village.
As we continued our journey, I dried my tears and looked at what she had
given me.The bag was full of Peggotty's special cakes, and in the purse were eight
bright shilling coins.Thinking of my mother and Peggotty made me start crying again,
but just then the driver, Mr Barkis, began to talk to me.He was a large，red-faced
man, who clearly found conversation difficult.
大卫被送往学校
这段时期我很不愉快。摩德斯通先生坚持要我学习，所以母亲就教我功课。过去，
母亲和我都可以从教和学当中得到乐趣，她用她温和的方式教给我许多知识。但如今，
我们上课时摩德斯通姐弟都在场，这不知为什么让我不能集中精神，不能记住所学的
内容。可怜的母亲同情我，设法鼓励我，有时甚至悄声告诉我答案，可摩德斯通姐弟
的耳朵特别尖。
“克拉拉，亲爱的！”摩德斯通先生总是很恼怒地说道，“记住！要严厉！你这
样帮着孩子会把他的脾气惯得更糟！”
“哦，爱德华，很抱歉，”母亲答道，满脸尴尬，像一个犯了错的孩子似的低下
了头。
一天早上，我像往常一样来到客厅学功课，看见摩德斯通先生手上拿着一根细木
棍，我的眼睛直勾勾地盯着它不放。
“你今天要非常小心，大卫，”他冷笑道，双手握着那根木棍。
我知道接下来要发生什么。一阵强烈的恐惧占据了我的心头，把我所学会的东西
从我的记忆中一扫而光，以至于母亲问我的问题我一个都回答不上来。摩德斯通先生
从座位上站起来。
“好了，大卫，”他严厉地说，“我想你今天够难为你母亲的了，我们上楼吧，
孩子，来吧。”他拿起木棍。我们俩上楼时我听见母亲在哭泣。
“求您了，摩德斯通先生！”我哭道，“别打我！我已经尽力学习了，我真的尽
力了，先生！”
可他并不理睬。到了我的卧房，他抓住我的双臂，开始用木棍打我。我没法抓住
了他的手，狠狠地咬了一口。他愤怒地叫了一声，开始使出浑身的劲儿来打我。在我
一阵阵的尖叫声背后，我听见母亲和辟果提在门外哭泣。接下来，他走了。我听见他
锁上了门。我躺在地上，浑身疼痛，还流着血。整个屋子似乎突然一下子变得寂静了。
我一动不动地在地上躺了一段时间。晚上，摩德斯通小姐给我拿来一些面包和牛
奶，放在我身边的地上，出门时还生气地冲我皱皱眉头。我被锁在房间里五天五夜，
其间除了摩德斯通小姐默不作声地给我送点食物，未见有其他任何人来。对一个小男
孩来说，这五天时间简直就像数年，我至今还记得当时有多恐惧、有多内疚。
但在第五天夜里，我听到有一个奇怪的声音从锁眼里传来。那是辟果提，设法给
我送口信来了。
“大卫少爷，亲爱的，”她低声抽泣道，“他们要把你送到寄宿学校去！明天！”
“哦！辟果提！”我哭道，“那我就不能常见着你和母亲了！”
“不能了，我亲爱的。但你放心，我会照顾你母亲，她需要我这位脾气大的老辟
果提！我会留下来陪她，尽管我讨厌摩德斯通姐弟。记住，大卫，我爱你跟爱你母亲
一样，只多不少。我会写信给你。”
“谢谢你，亲爱的辟果提！”我轻声回答，泪水滚落到脸颊。“请你也写信给你
的兄弟，还有哈姆，小埃米莉，告诉他们我并不像摩德斯通姐弟认为的那么坏。带给
他们我的问候，特别是小埃米莉，好吗？”
辟果提答应了我的请求。第二天一早，摩德斯通小姐告诉我，由于我的劣行，我
要被送往学校。她已经为我准备好行装。母亲只被允许在马车到达时说一句简单的道
别话。马车夫把我的手提箱放到车上，我们就慢慢地离开了布兰德斯通。
我一直不停地大声哭喊着，突然看见辟果提从后面追来。马车夫停下来等她，她
很吃力地爬上了车。
“给你，大卫少爷！”她上气不接下气地说道，“这是我和你亲爱的母亲留给你
的小礼物！好好照顾自己，亲爱的！”她把一个小钱包和一个纸袋塞给我，又把我紧
紧地贴到她肥胖的怀里，当时我觉得可能再也喘不上气了。然后，她跳下车，沿着马
路跑回了村庄。
我们继续往前赶路，我擦干泪水，打开她给我的东西。纸袋里是辟果提做的拿手
糕点，钱包里有8先令闪亮的硬币。一想到母亲和辟果提我又一次哭起来。这时，车夫
巴克斯先生开始跟我说话了。他是一位红脸壮汉，显然很不擅长与人交谈。
①concentrate v.集中（注意力）
②sympathetic adj.有同情心的；表示同情的
③embarrassed adj.难堪的；局促不安的
④take hold of 抓住
⑤guilty adj.有罪的
⑥boarding school 寄宿学校
⑦wickedness n.邪恶；不道德
⑧say a very quick goodbye 匆匆道别
查尔斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens），19世纪英国小说家，出生于海军小职员家庭。
狄更斯是高产作家，他凭借勤奋和天赋创作出一大批经典著作。他又是一位幽默大师，
常常用妙趣横生的语言在浪漫和现实中讲述人间真相。狄更斯是19世纪英国现实主义
文学的主要代表。艺术上以妙趣横生的幽默、细致入微的心理分析，以及现实主义描
写与浪漫主义气氛的有机结合著称。马克思把他和萨克雷等称誉为英国的“一批杰出的
小说家”。
