Unit 5 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
【学习目标】
1.通过阅读课文内容,了解神秘文明的特点及其发展;加强对神秘海洋的认识,从而引起探索世界上神秘未知话题的兴趣。(文化意识,思维品质)
2.通过分析课文结构,了解文本大意,培养略读和查读等阅读能力。(语言能力,学习能力)
3.通过分析课文细节,培养分析长难句的能力。(学习能力)
4.通过对教材课文的阅读,在课文的具体情境中猜测词义,推测词性,了解重要语言点的基本用法。(语言能力)
【自主预习】
Step 1 单词认读
Ⅰ.词义匹配
( )1.civilisation ( )2.intrigue
( )3.shrink ( )4.astronomy
( )5.delve ( )6.tropical
( )7.upwards ( )8.megadrought
( )9.downfall ( )10.archaeological
A.v.探索;探究
B.n.天文学
C.v.(因奇特或神秘而)激起……的兴趣;引起……的好奇心
D.n.文明(社会)
E.v.退缩;畏缩
F.adv.向上;朝上
G.adj.考古学的;考古的
H.n.衰败
I.adj.来自热带的;产于热带的
J.n.超级干旱
答案 1~5 DCEBA 6~10 IFJHG
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1. adj.神秘的→ n.神秘;神秘的事物→ n.神话;神话故事
2. adj.来自热带的;产于热带的→ n.回归线; 热带;热带地区
3. v.拒绝考虑;否定→ n.免职;解雇→ adj. 轻蔑的;鄙视的
4. n.扩大;增加→ v.扩大; 扩张→ adj.广阔的;辽阔的
5. v.调查; 审查; 研究→ n.调查;研究→ n.调查者;侦查员
6. adj.考古学的;考古的→ n.考古学家→ n.考古学
答案 1.mysterious;mystery;myth 2.tropical;tropic
3.dismiss;dismission;dismissive 4.expansion;expand;expansive 5.investigate;investigation;investigator
6.archaeological;archaeologist;archaeology
构词规律
n.+-al→adj. 以dis-作前缀的动词
tropic→tropical来自热带的;产于热带的 person→personal 个人的;亲自的;私人的 addition→additional 附加的;额外的 education→educational 教育的;有教育意义的 like→dislike不喜欢 appear→disappear消失;失踪;灭绝 agree→disagree不同意;不一致
Step 2 短语记诵
1. (因无人照料而)衰落;败落
2. 逃跑;逃走
3. 逃命
4. 调查;检查
5. 试水;试探
6. 避开……;从……处脱身
7. 不为人知的地方;人类尚未到达的地方
8. 动身踏上(漫长的)旅途
9. 积极投入到……中去
10. 再三考虑;慎重考虑
11. 避免做;不愿做
12. 调查(问题)
答案 1.fall into ruin 2.make a getaway
3.run for one's life 4.check out 5.test the waters
6.steer clear of 7.the unknown 8.set out
9.throw oneself into 10.think twice 11.shrink from 12.look into
Step 3 佳句赏析
1.Intrigued by Maya civilisation from a very young age, 15-year-old Canadian William Gadoury thought he had made an incredible discovery from his study of ancient star charts.(动词-ed形式作原因状语)
翻译 15岁的加拿大人威廉·甘德瑞从很小的时候就对玛雅文明产生了浓厚的兴趣,他认为自己通过研究古代星图有了一个令人难以置信的发现。
仿写 he has made, he works harder.由于受到所取得的进步的鼓舞,他工作更努力了。
2.It isn't difficult to see why.(It+be+adj.+to do...)
翻译 不难看出其中的原因。
仿写 the meaning of every word, but knowing about word formation can help us guess the meaning of the words.知道每个词的意思是不可能的,但是了解构词法可以帮助我们猜出词义。
3.On top of all this was an achievement unique in the Americas at that time: a true writing system.(完全倒装)
翻译 除此之外,当时美洲还有一项独一无二的成就:一套真正的书写系统。
仿写 From the valley .从山谷里传来了一阵可怕的声音。
4.But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities.(what引导表语从句)
翻译 但最大的谜团是什么导致玛雅人抛弃了他们的大部分大城市。
仿写 He is no longer . 他已经不是以前的他了。
答案 1.Encouraged by the progress 2.It is impossible to know 3.came a frightening sound
4.what he was
【合作探究】
语篇研读
Step 1 先导入,拓展背景知识
Please look at the following mysteries and write down their names.
1.Bermuda 2.Tianchi
3. of Egypt
答案 1.Triangle 2.water monster 3.Pyramids
Step 2 再精读,明确概要细节
Ⅰ.Match each paragraph with its main idea according to the passage on Pages 66-68.
( )1.Para.1 ( )2.Para.2
( )3.Para.3 ( )4.Para.4
( )5.Para.5 ( )6.Para.6
A.Maya civilisation left various mysteries for later people.
B.Droughts may be the main reason why Maya civilisation began to collapse.
C.15-year-old Canadian William Gadoury thought he had found out an unknown Maya city.
D.Maya civilisation went from its peak to its decline.
E.Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery.
F.The Maya made many great achievements.
答案 1~6 CFDEBA
Ⅱ.Read the passage on Pages 66-68 carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What is the purpose of Paragraph 1
A.To give a short introduction of William Gadoury.
B.To introduce the topic.
C.To show us that William Gadoury was wrong.
D.To introduce ancient star charts.
2.Why was Maya calendar so accurate
A.Because it is very complicated.
B.Because the Maya took advantage of their understanding of mathematics and astronomy.
C.Because there are many characters in it.
D.Because the Maya have a writing system.
3.What is the purpose of Europeans' arrival in Central America
A.To save Maya people.
B.To learn something from Maya people.
C.To ask for wealth.
D.To destroy Maya.
4.What probably caused Maya civilisation to disappear
A.A natural disaster.
B.A deadly disease.
C.Conflicts between cities.
D.A combination of several different factors.
答案 1~4 BBCD
Step 3 后结构,分析语篇逻辑
Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks with proper words according to the passage on Pages 66-68.
MAYA CIVILISATION
Time ◆Around 1800 BC to 1100 AD.
Location ◆From parts of 1. we now know as Mexico to Central America.
Achievements ◆Built impressive palaces and temples, including their representative 2. . ◆Accurate 3. . ◆A true 4. .
Possible reasons for collapse ◆Human causes—reduced the ability to deal with 5. . ·Turned 6. into fields for growing grains. ·Dug huge 7. . ·8. of their population. ◆Natural causes—a series of 9. between 700 AD and 1000 AD, each lasting for 10. .
答案 1.what 2.step pyramids 3.Maya calendar 4.writing system 5.natural disasters 6.wetlands 7.canal systems 8.Expansion 9.droughts 10.a couple of years
Ⅱ.Write a summary in about 60 words according to the passage on Pages 66-68.
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参考范文
A 15-year-old Canadian, William Gadoury, said he had found out an unknown Maya city. The Maya civilisation made many great achievements at its peak, such as complex structures, mathematics, astronomy as well as a writing system, but to people's surprise, it went into decline for some unknown reasons. Whether it collapsed because of man-made or natural factors, the mysterious Maya civilisation left us thinking about our own past, present and future.
Ⅲ.长难句分析
The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious.
善分析 句中The fact作(1) ,that Maya society was technologically primitive是the fact的(2) ,makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious 是“make+宾语+(3) ”结构。
会翻译 (4)
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答案 (1)主语 (2)同位语 (3)宾语补足语 (4)玛雅社会在技术上是原始的,这一事实使它的成就变得更加令人难以置信和神秘。
新知探究
核心素养
玛 雅 文 明
玛雅文明,是分布于现今墨西哥东南部、危地马拉、洪都拉斯、萨尔瓦多和伯利兹国家的丛林文明。虽然处于新石器时代,却在天文学、数学、农业、艺术等方面都有极高成就。玛雅文明与印加文明及阿兹特克文明并列为美洲三大文明。
解析教材
The Mysteries of THE MAYA
Intrigued by Maya civilisation from a very young age, 15-year-old Canadian William Gadoury thought he had made an incredible discovery from his study of ancient star charts. Through comparison, he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars(1). Based on this, he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle(2). Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.
玛雅的奥秘
15岁的加拿大人威廉·甘德瑞从很小的时候就对玛雅文明产生了浓厚的兴趣,他认为自己通过研究古代星图有了一个令人难以置信的发现。通过比较,他发现117个已知玛雅城市的位置与恒星的位置相对应。基于这一点,他相信他发现了一个埋藏在丛林深处的未知的玛雅城市。虽然他的理论已经被学者们否定,但它表明了古代玛雅文明的秘密在人们心中是多么有影响力。
【助读点拨】
(1)that引导宾语从句。
(2)本句为宾语从句,省略了引导词that,其中buried deep in the jungle为动词-ed形式作后置定语。
It isn't difficult to see why. Extending south from parts of what we know as Mexico(3) into Central America, Maya civilisation has been surrounded by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century. The Maya built impressive palaces and temples, including their representative step pyramids. What is most extraordinary about these complex structures(4) is how they were built without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power(5). The Maya's understanding of mathematics and astronomy was also quite amazing. They applied this understanding to the Maya calendar,which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year(6). On top of all this was an achievement unique in the Americas at that time: a true writing system. It contained more than 800 characters, with some signs representing animals, people and objects and others representing syllables. It was a writing system so complicated that, so far, no one has been able to interpret it completely(7).
不难看出其中的原因。玛雅文明从我们所知的墨西哥部分地区向南延伸到中美洲,自19世纪重新发现以来一直有许多未解之谜。玛雅人建造了令人印象深刻的宫殿和寺庙,包括具有代表性的阶梯金字塔。这些复杂建筑最令人惊奇的地方在于它们是如何在不使用轮子、金属工具甚至畜力的情况下被建造的。玛雅人对数学和天文学的理解也相当惊人。他们将这种理解应用于玛雅历法,该历法的精确度极高,每年的误差在30秒内。除此之外,当时美洲还有一项独一无二的成就:一套真正的书写系统。它有800多个字符,一些字符代表动物、人和物体,另一些字符代表音节。这是一套如此复杂的书写系统,以至于到目前为止还没有人能够完全解释它。
【助读点拨】
(3)what引导宾语从句。
(4)what引导主语从句。
(5)how引导表语从句。
(6)which引导非限制性定语从句。
(7)so...that引导结果状语从句。
The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive(8) makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious. But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities. By 700 AD, Maya civilisation was at its peak. Yet, within just a couple of generations, it began to mysteriously decline. The cities were left to be taken back by the jungle. When Europeans arrived in Central America in the early 16th century to claim its riches(9), the remaining Maya people were living in small settlements.
玛雅社会在技术上是原始的,这一事实使它的成就变得更加令人难以置信和神秘。但最大的谜团是什么导致玛雅人抛弃了他们的大部分大城市。到公元700年,玛雅文明达到顶峰。然而,在短短几代人的时间里,它开始神秘地衰落。这些城市被丛林夺回。当欧洲人在16世纪初抵达中美洲索取其财富时,剩下的玛雅人就住在小的村落里。
【助读点拨】
(8)that引导同位语从句。
(9)when引导时间状语从句。
Why Maya civilisation collapsed(10) remains a mystery. Was it a natural disaster A deadly disease Conflicts between cities Or was it a combination of several different factors Some research seems to indicate that the Maya people themselves may have played a part in their downfall(11). They had turned wetlands into fields for growing grains, and had dug huge canal systems. As their population expanded(12), yet more land was needed for agriculture and more trees for construction. By changing the landscape in this way, it is possible that the Maya people unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters(13).
玛雅文明为什么崩溃仍然是个谜。是因为自然灾害,致命的疾病,还是城市之间的冲突 或者是几个不同因素的综合作用 一些研究似乎表明,玛雅文明的衰落可能是玛雅人自身造成的。他们把湿地变成了种粮食的田地,还挖了巨大的水渠系统。随着人口的增加,农业需要更多的土地,建设需要更多的树木。通过这种方式改变地形,玛雅人可能在不知不觉中降低了他们应对自然灾害的能力。
【助读点拨】
(10)why引导主语从句。
(11)that引导宾语从句。
(12)as引导时间状语从句。
(13)it为形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的从句。
Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the decline of the Maya. Some recent studies have found that there were far fewer tropical cyclones than usual between 700 AD and 1000 AD(14).This is likely to have led to a series of droughts, each lasting for a couple of years, including a “megadrought” around 900 AD. Many scientists believe that these droughts were the main reason why Maya civilisation began to collapse at different rates in different places(15). These droughts would have led to food shortages, conflicts and, ultimately, the downfall of the cities.
研究还表明,那些自然灾害可能导致了玛雅文明的衰落。最近的一些研究发现,在公元700年到公元1000年之间,热带气旋的数量比往常要少得多。这可能导致了一系列旱灾,每一次旱灾都持续好几年,包括大约在公元900年的一次“特大旱灾”。许多科学家认为,这些旱灾是玛雅文明开始在不同地方以不同的速度崩溃的主要原因。这些旱灾将导致粮食短缺、冲突,并最终导致城市的衰败。
【助读点拨】
(14)that引导宾语从句。
(15)that引导宾语从句,其中含有why引导的定语从句,修饰先行词the main reason。
Whatever the reasons(16), Maya civilisation largely disappeared within the deep jungle. Its once-great cities fell into ruin, leaving various mysteries for later people to solve(17). Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past, present and future.
不管什么原因,玛雅文明基本上消失在了丛林深处。它曾经伟大的城市变成废墟,留下了各种各样的谜团供后人去解开。同时,这种文明的兴衰也必须让我们思考我们自己的过去、现在和未来。
【助读点拨】
(16)whatever引导让步状语从句,省略了were。
(17)leaving...为动词-ing形式作结果状语。
核 心 单 词
知识点1 correspond v.相一致;符合;类似于;相当于;通信 *corresponding adj.相应的;相关的 *correspondence n.信件;信函;通信
(P66)Through comparison,he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars. 通过比较,他发现117个已知玛雅城市的位置与恒星的位置相对应。
知识拓展
correspond with/to sth 与……相一致;与……相符合
correspond with sb 与某人通信
经典佳句
Your account of the event does not correspond with hers. 你对事情的陈述与她说的不相符。
The two maps of London correspond closely. 这两张伦敦的地图很相似。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)The translation does not quite correspond the original.
(2)She still corresponds friends she met in Canada nine years ago.
(3)Sales in March this year were up 8 per cent on the (correspond) period of last year.
答案 (1)to/with (2)with
(3)corresponding
知识点2 bury v.(buried,buried)埋葬;安葬;埋藏
(P66)Based on this,he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle.基于这一点,他相信他发现了一个埋藏在丛林深处的未知的玛雅城市。
知识拓展
bury one's head/face in one's hands 用手捂住头/脸
bury oneself in=be buried in 埋头于;专心于
bury one's head in the sand 逃避现实
be buried in thought 沉思
经典佳句
The girl was sitting on the bench in the park,burying her head in her hands. So she did not notice the thief who stood beside her with his hands buried in the pockets of his dark overcoat. 那个女孩坐在公园的长椅上,双手捂着头。所以她没有注意到站在她旁边的小偷,他的手藏在他黑色大衣的口袋里。
融会应用 单句填空
(1) (bury) in his study,he wasn't aware that all the others had left.
(2) (bury) his face in his hands,he tried to control his weeping.
答案 (1)Buried (2)Burying
知识点3 dismiss v.摒弃(想法等);把(人)解雇; 使……离开;解散(集会等);拒绝考虑;否定 *dismissal n.解雇;免职
(P66)Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people. 虽然他的理论已经被学者们否定,但它表明了古代玛雅文明的秘密在人们心中是多么有影响力。
知识拓展
dismiss sb for sth 因为某事而解雇某人
dismiss sb from 把某人从……解雇
dismiss sb/sth from one's mind 忘记某人或者某事
经典佳句
Three workers were dismissed for being lazy. 三个工人因怠工而被解雇。
The rich man didn't mind at all dismissing a servant from his place. 那个富翁对解雇佣人一点也不在意。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)She tried to dismiss him her mind.
(2)His boss dismissed him his job making too many mistakes.
(3)He still hopes to win his claim against unfair (dismiss).
答案 (1)from (2)from;for (3)dismissal
知识点4 apply vt.涂;敷;应用;脚踩 vi.申请;使用;使(注意力等)集中于;适合 *applied adj.应用的;实用的 *application n.应用;适用;申请 *applicant n.申请人;应征者
(P67)They applied this understanding to the Maya calendar, which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year. 他们将这种理解应用于玛雅历法,该历法的精确度极高,每年的误差在30秒内。
知识拓展
apply to sb for sth 向某人申请某物
apply...to... 把……涂抹于……;把……运用于……
apply for 申请;要求
apply oneself to 致力于;集中精力于……
经典佳句
Since last year,I have been applying myself to studying the latest technology about planting. I think that we should know not only the theory but also how to apply it to practice. These new technology,if applied to farming,will help increase the grain output. I have applied for a full-time job in the village. To my delight, I was
chosen from hundreds of applicants. 从去年开始,我一直致力于研究最新的种植技术。我认为我们不仅要知道理论,而且要知道如何把它应用到实践中去。这些新技术如果用于农业,将有助于增加粮食产量。我已经在村里申请了一份全职工作。令我高兴的是,我是从成百上千的申请人中选出来的。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)She applied the international school a job as an English teacher.
(2)Over the years,he has applied himself to (improve) the living conditions of the migrant workers.
(3)He (apply) his brake quickly immediately he saw a dog lying on the road.
(4)However,technology is also the (apply) of scientific knowledge to solve a problem,touching lives in countless ways.
Ⅱ.用apply的相关短语完成小短文
In order to further my study abroad, I have (5) (向四所大学申请……) postgraduate study.As the saying goes, where there is a will, there is a way.I hope it can (6) (适合) me.If I succeed, I will (7) (集中精力于) study, hoping to make contributions to my future career.
答案 (1)to; for (2)improving (3)applied (4)application (5)applied to four universities for (6)apply to (7)apply myself to
知识点5 abandon vt.(不顾责任、义务等)抛弃;停止(支持或帮助);舍弃;逃离
n.放任;放纵 *abandoned adj.被抛弃的;废弃的;放纵的
(P67)But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities. 但最大的谜团是什么导致了玛雅人抛弃了他们的大部分大城市。
知识拓展
abandon sb 遗弃某人/停止支持某人
abandon sth 放弃某事/舍弃某物
abandon oneself to sth 沉溺于(某种情感)
with gay abandon 不考虑后果;轻率
经典佳句
One winter morning we came upon an abandoned puppy on the street. I wondered who it was that abandoned such a cute puppy. 一个冬天的早晨,我们在街上遇到一只被遗弃的小狗。我纳闷是谁抛弃了这么可爱的小狗。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)They discovered some valuable goods in the (abandon) house.
(2)Snow forced many drivers (abandon) their vehicles.
(3)He abandoned (he) to despair.
答案 (1)abandoned (2)to abandon (3)himself
知识点6 decline vi.下降;衰弱;衰退;谢绝;婉言拒绝 n.减少;衰退
(P67)Yet,within just a couple of generations,it began to mysteriously decline.然而,在短短几代人的时间里,它开始神秘地衰落。
知识拓展
decline to do sth 拒绝做某事
decline by...下降了……
decline to... 下降到……
a decline in... 在……(方面)的下降
in decline=on the decline 处于衰退中;下降
经典佳句
The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September.9月份,经济继续呈现出衰退的迹象。
This decline in vigour with the passing of time is called ageing.这种随着时间流逝的活力衰退就叫做衰老。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)I don't know why the boy declined (answer) a question.
(2)The number of people who run the red light has been the decline since the new traffic regulations came into effect.
(3)The number of tourists to the resort declined 10% last year 5 million.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)With his bonus ,he decided to stay at home and .随着奖金的减少,他决定待在家里,拒绝去度假。
答案 (1)to answer (2)on (3)by;to (4)on the decline;declined to have a holiday
知识点7 claim v.声称;断言;要求(拥有);索取;认领 n.声明;宣称;断言;(尤指对财产、土地等要求拥有的)所有权;(尤指向公司、政府等)索款;索赔
(P67)When Europeans arrived in Central America in the early 16th century to claim its riches,the remaining Maya people were living in small settlements.当欧洲人在16世纪初抵达中美洲索取其财富时,剩下的玛雅人就住在小的村落里。
知识拓展
claim to do sth/that... 声称做某事/声称……
claim to have done sth 声称做过某事
It is claimed that... 据说
make a claim for sth 对……提出赔偿要求
经典佳句
You should be able to claim the cost from the car insurance.你应该能从汽车保险中索取这笔费用。
You can claim on your insurance for that coat you left on the train.你可按你的保险索赔你遗忘在火车上的那件大衣。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)As the victim in the accident,I will make a claim the injuries I suffered.
(2)Scientists claimed (make) a major breakthrough in the fight against cancer.
Ⅱ.句型转换
(3)It was claimed that he had seen aliens with his own eyes.
→ He claimed
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案 (1)for (2)to have made (3)to have seen aliens with his own eyes
知识点8 reduce v.缩减;减少;降低 *reduction n.减少;降低;减价;折扣
(P68)By changing the landscape in this way, it is possible that the Maya people unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters. 通过这种方式改变地形,玛雅人可能在不知不觉中降低了他们应对自然灾害的能力。
知识拓展
reduce...to... 把……减少到……;把……降低到……
reduce...by... 把……减少了……;把……降低了……
reduce sth to ashes 把某物化为灰烬
be reduced to... 沦为……;转化为;减少至;被迫做
经典佳句
The number of employees was reduced from 40 to 25.雇员人数从40减到了25。
Costs have been reduced by 20% over the past year.过去一年,各项费用已经减少了20%。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)They reduced the prices 20%.You had better go and buy something in a hurry.
(2)It was foggy so the driver had to reduce speed forty kilometres per hour.
(3)To my sadness, the big fire reduced the house ashes.
(4)Eventually, Peter was reduced to (beg) for a living due to laziness.
(5)The government calls on the public to go to work by bicycle instead of by car (reduce) air pollution.
(6)There are (reduce) for children sharing a room with two adults.
答案 (1)by (2)to (3)to (4)begging (5)to reduce (6)reductions
短 语 句 式
知识点9 lead to 引起;导致;通向
(P68)This is likely to have led to a series of droughts,each lasting for a couple of years,including a “megadrought” around 900 AD.这可能导致了一系列旱灾,每一次旱灾都持续好几年,包括大约在公元900年的一次“特大旱灾”。
知识拓展
lead sb to do sth 使某人做某事
lead sb to/into +n. 带领某人去/进入……;使某人得出(观点)
lead a...life 过……的生活
lead the way 引路;带路
经典佳句
Technological changes will lead to unemployment.技术变革将会导致失业。
This can lead to bodily weakness and muscle wastage.这样可能会导致身体虚弱和肌肉萎缩。
名师点拨
除lead to外,常见的表示“引起;导致”的还有cause、result in、bring about、contribute to等。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)I want to know what led you (take) up acting as a career.
(2)The new evidence led to the high official (arrest).
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)His lack of confidence a lot of suffering. 他缺乏信心导致了许多痛苦。
(4)The success of his father believe all the roads Rome.父亲的成功使他相信条条大路通罗马。
答案 (1)to take (2)being arrested (3)led to (4)led him to;lead to
知识点10 动词-ed形式作原因状语
(P66)Intrigued by Maya civilisation from a very young age, 15-year-old Canadian William Gadoury thought he had made an incredible discovery from his study of ancient star charts.15岁的加拿大人威廉·甘德瑞从很小的时候就对玛雅文明产生了浓厚的兴趣,他认为自己通过研究古代星图有了一个令人难以置信的发现。
知识拓展
本句中Intrigued by Maya civilisation from a very young age为动词-ed形式作原因状语。
动词-ed形式作状语时,动词-ed形式与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。动词-ed形式在句中作状语时相当于一个状语从句。
(1)动词-ed形式作原因状语,相当于as、 since、 because引导的原因状语从句,多放在句首。
(2)动词-ed形式作时间状语,相当于when引导的时间状语从句,如果分词表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生,可在分词前用when、 while、 until等使其时间意义更明确。
(3)动词-ed形式作条件状语, 相当于if、 unless引导的条件状语从句。
(4)动词-ed形式作方式或伴随状语。
(5)动词-ed形式作让步状语。
Moved by the movie,the children began to cry.由于被电影感动了,孩子们哭了起来。
When heated, water can be changed into steam. 水加热后可以变成水蒸气。
Compared with you, we still have a long way to go.=If we are compared with you, we still have a long way to go. 和你们相比,我们还有很大的差距。
The teacher came in, followed by his students. 老师进来了, 后面跟着他的学生。
Left alone at home, John didn't feel afraid at all. 虽然约翰被单独留在家里,但他一点都不害怕。
融会应用 句型转换
(1)Though he was laughed at by everyone, he had my sympathy.
→ everyone, he had my sympathy.
(2)If it is seen in this light, the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose.
→ , the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose.
(3)Once begun, the project will never be changed.
→Once , the project will never be changed.
(4)If I am given more money, I'll solve the problem soon.
→ , I'll solve the problem soon.
(5)Though he was warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.
→ , he still went skating on the thin ice.
(6)A few years later, since Tom Bissell was still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
→A few years later, , Tom Bissell returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
答案 (1)Laughed at by (2)Seen in this light
(3)it is begun (4)Given more money (5)Warned of the danger (6)still attracted to the country
知识点11 what引导的表语从句
(P67)But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities. 但最大的谜团是什么导致玛雅人抛弃了他们的大部分大城市。
知识拓展
本句中what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities是what引导的表语从句。
(1)引导表语从句的关联词:从属连词that、whether、as、as if/though、because;连接代词who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever、whatever、whichever;连接副词 where、when、how、why。
(2)当主语是reason时,表语从句表示原因要用that引导,不能用because;当主语是it、this或that时,表语从句可用because或why引导。
My question is who left.我想问的是谁离开了。
That is why we love our motherland so much.那就是为什么我们那么爱我们的祖国。
The reason is that he didn't understand me.理由是他不明白我的意思。
My suggestion is that we(should)start early tomorrow.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)China is no longer she used to be.
(2)The question remains they will be able to help us.
(3)Bob didn't answer my question. That's he didn't understand me.
(4)I didn't accept my father's advice. That's he got angry with me.
(5)The reason why I was sad was he didn't understand me.
答案 (1)what (2)whether/when (3)because
(4)why (5)that
【随堂检测】
夯实基础
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.Marketing is applied everything these days, and books are no exception.
2.Eventually she rose to see that everyone was gone and only one kind gentleman (leave) to help her.
3.The new treatment can be used either alone or in (combine) with the traditional one.
4.Education is likely (be) a key issue in the next election.
5.The movie is set entirely within the playground of the (abandon) factory.
6.They had a real sense of (achieve) when the work was finished.
7.You must be more moderate in your drinking and too much wine can easily lead serious trouble!
8.Changing his job like that is equivalent giving him the sack.
9.Recently, more and more (archaeology) discoveries have been made along the Silk Road.
10.By (drill), geologists can take measurements at various depths.
答案 1.to 2.was left 3.combination 4.to be 5.abandoned 6.achievement 7.to 8.to 9.archaeological 10.drilling
Ⅱ.选词填空
fall into ruin;make a discovery;correspond to;take back;apply...to...
1.In science,it is important to be the first person to .
2.His expenses do not his income.
3.How can I theory practice
4.They let the palace .
5.I apologize to you,and now I will what I said.
答案 1.make a discovery 2.correspond to
3.apply;to 4.fall into ruin 5.take back
Ⅲ.单句写作
1.Many ancient sculptures after the earthquake. 地震过后,许多古代的雕塑都毁了。
2.At dusk, they came to a garden .黄昏时分,他们来到一个长满红花绿草的花园。
3.The council has organised events and competitions for children in the area.委员会为本地区的孩子组织了一系列的活动和比赛。
4.Overuse of those drugs, coupled with poor diet, bad physical conditions.过量使用那些药物,再加上饮食缺乏营养,导致健康状况差。
5. , computer is also very helpful for their study and work.此外,电脑对他们的学习和工作也是很有帮助的。
6.This old song those Chinese people who lived in the 60s. 这首老歌为那些生活在六十年代的中国人所熟悉。
7.The object of these experiments was to find the connection, , between the two phenomena.这些实验的目的就是探索这两种现象之间的联系,如果存在着任何联系的话。
8. was that there was no one in the classroom.最让我吃惊的是教室里一个人也没有。
9.Housewarming parties get their name from the fact . 乔迁派对的名字来源于这一事实:很久以前人们会把柴火作为礼物带到新家。
答案 1.fell into ruin 2.with red flowers and green grass 3.a series of 4.leads to 5.In addition
6.is familiar to 7.if any 8.What surprised me most 9.that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift
衔接高考
单句填空
1.(2022·全国乙)That is the very likely future of (apply) today's “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains...
2.(2022·全国乙)The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel (abandon).
3.(2022·浙江1月)When the answer,was no, she, (decline) the invitation.
4.(2022·浙江)This work (expand) my mind in ways that are impossible inside the four walls of a classroom.
5.(2021·北京)Recent research (suggest) that if an argument gets resolved,the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased.
6.(2021·北京)Collapseology,the study of collapse,is more concerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers of everyday (civilize).
答案 1.applying 2.abandoned 3.declined
4.expanded 5.suggests 6.civilization
2(共63张PPT)
Unit 5 Into the unknown
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
1.通过阅读课文内容，了解神秘文明的特点及其发展；加强对神秘海洋的认识，从而
引起探索世界上神秘未知话题的兴趣。（文化意识，思维品质）
2.通过分析课文结构，了解文本大意，培养略读和查读等阅读能力。（语言能力，学
习能力）
3.通过分析课文细节，培养分析长难句的能力。（学习能力）
4.通过对教材课文的阅读,在课文的具体情境中猜测词义,推测词性,了解重要语言点的基
本用法。（语言能力）
Ⅰ.词义匹配
A.v.探索;探究
B.n.天文学
C.v.（因奇特或神秘而）激起……的兴趣;引起……的好奇心
D.n.文明（社会）
E.v.退缩;畏缩
F.adv.向上;朝上
G.adj.考古学的；考古的
H.n.衰败
I.adj.来自热带的；产于热带的
J.n.超级干旱
1.civilisation( )
2.intrigue( )
3.shrink( )
4.astronomy( )
5.delve( )
6.tropical( )
7.upwards( )
8.megadrought( )
9.downfall( )
10.archaeological( )
D
C
E
B
A
I
F
J
H
G
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1.__________ adj.神秘的→________ n.神秘；神秘的事物→______ n.神话；神话故事
2.________ adj.来自热带的；产于热带的→______ n.回归线; 热带；热带地区
3.________v.拒绝考虑；否定→__________ n.免职；解雇→__________ adj. 轻蔑的；
鄙视的
4.__________n.扩大；增加→_______ v.扩大; 扩张→__________ adj.广阔的；辽阔的
5.__________ v.调查; 审查; 研究→____________ n.调查；研究→___________ n.调查
者;侦查员
6._____________adj.考古学的;考古的→____________ n.考古学家→___________ n.考
古学
mysterious
mystery
myth
tropical
tropic
dismiss
dismission
dismissive
expansion
expand
expansive
investigate
investigation
investigator
archaeological
archaeologist
archaeology
构词规律
n.+-al→adj. 以dis-作前缀的动词
tropic→tropical来自热带的；产于热带的 person→personal 个人的;亲自的;私人的 addition→additional 附加的；额外的 education→educational 教育的;有教育意义的 like→dislike不喜欢
appear→disappear消失;失踪;灭
绝
agree→disagree不同意;不一致
1._____________（因无人照料而）衰落；败落
2.________________逃跑；逃走
3.________________逃命
4.__________调查；检查
5.______________试水；试探
6._____________避开……；从……处脱身
fall into ruin
make a getaway
run for one's life
check out
test the waters
steer clear of
7._____________不为人知的地方；人类尚未到达的地方
8._______动身踏上（漫长的）旅途
9._________________积极投入到……中去
10.___________再三考虑；慎重考虑
11.____________避免做；不愿做
12._________调查（问题）
the unknown
set out
throw oneself into
think twice
shrink from
look into
1.Intrigued byMaya civilisation from a very young age, 15-year-old Canadian William
Gadoury thought he had made an incredible discovery from his study of ancient star
charts.（动词-ed形式作原因状语）
翻译 15岁的加拿大人威廉·甘德瑞从很小的时候就对玛雅文明产生了浓厚的兴趣，他
认为自己通过研究古代星图有了一个令人难以置信的发现。
仿写 _________________________ he has made, he works harder.由于受到所取得的
进步的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。
Encouraged by the progress
2.It isn't difficult to seewhy.（It+be+adj.+to do...）
翻译 不难看出其中的原因。
仿写 _______________________ the meaning of every word， but knowing about
word formation can help us guess the meaning of the words.知道每个词的意思是不可
能的，但是了解构词法可以帮助我们猜出词义。
It is impossible to know
3.On top of all this wasan achievement unique in the Americas at that time: a true
writing system.（完全倒装）
翻译 除此之外，当时美洲还有一项独一无二的成就：一套真正的书写系统。
仿写 From the valley_______________________.从山谷里传来了一阵可怕的声音。
came a frightening sound
4.But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their
great cities.（what引导表语从句）
翻译 但最大的谜团是什么导致玛雅人抛弃了他们的大部分大城市。
仿写 He is no longer _____________. 他已经不是以前的他了。
what he was
Step 1 先导入，拓展背景知识
Please look at the following mysteries and write down their names.
1.Bermuda________
Triangle
2.Tianchi______________
water monster
3._________of Egypt
Pyramids
Step 2 再精读，明确概要细节
Ⅰ.Match each paragraph with its main idea according to the passage on Pages 66-68.
A.Maya civilisation left various mysteries for later people.
B.Droughts may be the main reason why Maya civilisation began to collapse.
C.15-year-old Canadian William Gadoury thought he had found out an unknown Maya city.
D.Maya civilisation went from its peak to its decline.
E.Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery.
F.The Maya made many great achievements.
1.Para.1( )
2.Para.2( )
3.Para.3( )
4.Para.4( )
5.Para.5( )
6.Para.6( )
C
F
D
E
B
A
Ⅱ.Read the passage on Pages 66-68 carefully and choose the best answers.
1.What is the purpose of Paragraph 1 ( )
B
A.To give a short introduction of William Gadoury.
B.To introduce the topic.
C.To show us that William Gadoury was wrong.
D.To introduce ancient star charts.
2.Why was Maya calendar so accurate ( )
B
A.Because it is very complicated.
B.Because the Maya took advantage of their understanding of mathematics and astronomy.
C.Because there are many characters in it.
D.Because the Maya have a writing system.
3.What is the purpose of Europeans' arrival in Central America ( )
C
A.To save Maya people. B.To learn something from Maya people.
C.To ask for wealth. D.To destroy Maya.
4.What probably caused Maya civilisation to disappear ( )
D
A.A natural disaster. B.A deadly disease.
C.Conflicts between cities. D.A combination of several different factors.
Step 3 后结构，分析语篇逻辑
Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks with proper words according to the passage on Pages 66-68.
MAYA CIVILISATION
Time ◆Around 1800 BC to 1100 AD.
Location ◆From parts of 1.______we now know as Mexico to Central
America.
Achievements ◆Built impressive palaces and temples, including their
representative 2._____________.
◆Accurate 3.______________.
◆A true 4.______________.
what
step pyramids
Maya calendar
writing system
MAYA CIVILISATION
Possible reasons for collapse ◆Human causes—reduced the ability to deal with
5._______________.
·Turned 6._________ into fields for growing grains.
·Dug huge 7._____________.
·8.__________of their population.
◆Natural causes—a series of 9._________ between 700 AD and
1000 AD, each lasting for 10._________________.
natural disasters
wetlands
canal systems
Expansion
droughts
a couple of years
续表
Ⅱ.
Write a summary in about 60 words according to the passage on Pages 66-68.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
A 15-year-old Canadian, William Gadoury, said he had found out an unknown
Maya city. The Maya civilisation made many great achievements at its peak, such as
complex structures, mathematics, astronomy as well as a writing system, but to
people's surprise, it went into decline for some unknown reasons. Whether it collapsed
because of man-made or natural factors, the mysterious Maya civilisation left us
thinking about our own past, present and future.
Ⅲ.长难句分析
The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all
the more incredible and mysterious.
善分析 句中The fact作（1）______，that Maya society was technologically primitive
是the fact的（2）________，makes its achievements all the more incredible and
mysterious 是“make+宾语+（3）____________”结构。
会翻译 （4）_______________________________________________________________
___________
主语
同位语
宾语补足语
玛雅社会在技术上是原始的,这一事实使它的成就变得更加令人难以置信和神秘。
核心单词
知识点1 correspond v.相一致；符合；类似于；相当于；通信＊corresponding adj.相应的；相关的＊correspondence n.信件；信函；通信
（P66）Through comparison，he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya
cities correspond to the positions of the stars. 通过比较，他发现117个已知玛雅城市
的位置与恒星的位置相对应。
correspond with/to sth 与……相一致；与……相符合
correspond with sb 与某人通信
Your account of the event does not correspond with hers. 你对事情的陈述与她说的不相符。
The two maps of London correspond closely. 这两张伦敦的地图很相似。
知识拓展
经典佳句
融会应用 单句填空
（1）The translation does not quite correspond_______the original.
（2）She still corresponds _____ friends she met in Canada nine years ago.
（3）Sales in March this year were up 8 per cent on the _____________
（correspond） period of last year.
to/with
with
corresponding
知识点2 bury v.（buried，buried）埋葬；安葬；埋藏
（P66）Based on this，he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried
deep in the jungle.基于这一点，他相信他发现了一个埋藏在丛林深处的未知的玛雅城
市。
bury one's head/face in one's hands 用手捂住头/脸
bury oneself in=be buried in 埋头于；专心于
bury one's head in the sand 逃避现实
be buried in thought 沉思
知识拓展
The girl was sitting on the bench in the park，burying her head in her hands. So she did
not notice the thief who stood beside her with his hands buried in the pockets of his dark
overcoat. 那个女孩坐在公园的长椅上，双手捂着头。所以她没有注意到站在她旁边
的小偷，他的手藏在他黑色大衣的口袋里。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）_______（bury） in his study，he wasn't aware that all the others had left.
（2）________ （bury） his face in his hands，he tried to control his weeping.
Buried
Burying
经典佳句
知识点3 dismiss v.摒弃（想法等）；把（人）解雇； 使……离开；解散（集会等）；拒绝考虑；否定＊dismissal n.解雇；免职
（P66）Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how powerful
the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people. 虽然他的理论已经被学者
们否定，但它表明了古代玛雅文明的秘密在人们心中是多么有影响力。
dismiss sb for sth 因为某事而解雇某人
dismiss sb from 把某人从……解雇
dismiss sb/sth from one's mind 忘记某人或者某事
知识拓展
Three workers were dismissed for being lazy. 三个工人因怠工而被解雇。
The rich man didn't mind at all dismissing a servant from his place. 那个富翁对解雇
佣人一点也不在意。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）She tried to dismiss him ______ her mind.
（2）His boss dismissed him ______ his job ____ making too many mistakes.
（3）He still hopes to win his claim against unfair_________（dismiss）.
from
from
for
dismissal
经典佳句
知识点4 apply vt.涂；敷；应用；脚踩 vi.申请；使用；使（注意力等）集中于；适合＊applied adj.应用的；实用的＊application n.应用；适用；申请＊applicant n.申请人；应征者
（P67）They applied this understanding to the Maya calendar, which was accurate to
within 30 seconds per year. 他们将这种理解应用于玛雅历法，该历法的精确度极高，
每年的误差在30秒内。
apply to sb for sth 向某人申请某物
apply...to... 把……涂抹于……;把……运用于……
apply for 申请；要求
apply oneself to 致力于；集中精力于……
知识拓展
Since last year，I have been applying myself to studying the latest technology about
planting. I think that we should know not only the theory but also how to apply it to
practice. These new technology，if applied to farming，will help increase the grain
output. I have applied for a full-time job in the village. To my delight， I was chosen
from hundreds of applicants. 从去年开始，我一直致力于研究最新的种植技术。
我认为我们不仅要知道理论，而且要知道如何把它应用到实践中去。这些新技术
如果用于农业，将有助于增加粮食产量。我已经在村里申请了一份全职工作。令
我高兴的是，我是从成百上千的申请人中选出来的。
经典佳句
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）She applied ___ the international school ____ a job as an English teacher.
（2）Over the years，he has applied himself to __________ （improve） the living
conditions of the migrant workers.
（3）He ________（apply） his brake quickly immediately he saw a dog lying on
the road.
（4）However，technology is also the ___________ （apply） of scientific
knowledge to solve a problem，touching lives in countless ways.
to
for
improving
applied
application
Ⅱ.用apply的相关短语完成小短文
In order to further my study abroad, I have_________________________________（向四所大学申请……） postgraduate study.As the saying goes, where there is a will, there is a way.I hope it can （6）__________（适合） me.If I succeed, I will （7）__________________（集中精力于） study, hoping to make contributions to my future career.
applied to four universities for
apply to
apply myself to
知识点5 abandon vt.（不顾责任、义务等）抛弃；停止（支持或帮助）；舍弃；逃离 n.放任；放纵＊abandoned adj.被抛弃的；废弃的；放纵的
（P67）But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of
their great cities. 但最大的谜团是什么导致了玛雅人抛弃了他们的大部分大城市。
abandon sb 遗弃某人/停止支持某人
abandon sth 放弃某事/舍弃某物
abandon oneself to sth 沉溺于（某种情感）
with gay abandon 不考虑后果；轻率
知识拓展
One winter morning we came upon an abandoned puppy on the street. I wondered who
it was that abandoned such a cute puppy. 一个冬天的早晨，我们在街上遇到一只被
遗弃的小狗。我纳闷是谁抛弃了这么可爱的小狗。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）They discovered some valuable goods in the__________ （abandon） house.
（2）Snow forced many drivers ___________（abandon） their vehicles.
（3）He abandoned ________（he） to despair.
abandoned
to abandon
himself
经典佳句
知识点6 decline vi.下降；衰弱；衰退；谢绝；婉言拒绝 n.减少；衰退
（P67）Yet，within just a couple of generations，it began to mysteriously decline.然
而,在短短几代人的时间里,它开始神秘地衰落。
decline to do sth 拒绝做某事
decline by...下降了……
decline to... 下降到……
a decline in... 在……（方面）的下降
in decline=on the decline 处于衰退中；下降
知识拓展
The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September.9月份，经济继续呈现
出衰退的迹象。
This decline in vigour with the passing of time is called ageing.这种随着时间流逝的活力
衰退就叫做衰老。
经典佳句
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）I don't know why the boy declined __________（answer） a question.
（2）The number of people who run the red light has been ____ the decline since
the new traffic regulations came into effect.
（3）The number of tourists to the resort declined ____10% last year ___ 5 million.
to answer
on
by
to
Ⅱ.单句写作
（4）With his bonus ______________，he decided to stay at home and
_________________________.随着奖金的减少，他决定待在家里，拒绝去度假。
on the decline
declined to have a holiday
知识点7 claim v.声称；断言；要求（拥有）；索取；认领 n.声明；宣称；断言；（尤指对财产、土地等要求拥有的）所有权；（尤指向公司、政府等）索款；索赔
（P67）When Europeans arrived in Central America in the early 16th century to
claim its riches，the remaining Maya people were living in small settlements.当欧洲
人在16世纪初抵达中美洲索取其财富时,剩下的玛雅人就住在小的村落里。
claim to do sth/that... 声称做某事/声称……
claim to have done sth 声称做过某事
It is claimed that... 据说
make a claim for sth 对……提出赔偿要求
You should be able to claim the cost from the car insurance.你应该能从汽车保险中索
取这笔费用。
You can claim on your insurance for that coat you left on the train.你可按你的保险索赔
你遗忘在火车上的那件大衣。
知识拓展
经典佳句
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）As the victim in the accident，I will make a claim ____ the injuries I suffered.
（2）Scientists claimed _____________ （make） a major breakthrough in the fight
against cancer.
for
to have made
Ⅱ.句型转换
（3）It was claimed that he had seen aliens with his own eyes.
→ He claimed___________________________________.
to have seen aliens with his own eyes
知识点8 reduce v.缩减；减少；降低＊reduction n.减少；降低；减价；折扣
（P68）By changing the landscape in this way, it is possible that the Maya people
unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters. 通过这种方式改变地
形，玛雅人可能在不知不觉中降低了他们应对自然灾害的能力。
reduce...to... 把……减少到……；把……降低到……
reduce...by... 把……减少了……；把……降低了……
reduce sth to ashes 把某物化为灰烬
be reduced to... 沦为……;转化为；减少至；被迫做
The number of employees was reduced from 40 to 25.雇员人数从40减到了25。
Costs have been reduced by 20% over the past year.过去一年，各项费用已经减少了20%。
知识拓展
经典佳句
融会应用 单句填空
（1）They reduced the prices ____ 20%.You had better go and buy something in a
hurry.
（2）It was foggy so the driver had to reduce speed ___ forty kilometres per hour.
（3）To my sadness, the big fire reduced the house ___ ashes.
（4）Eventually, Peter was reduced to ________（beg） for a living due to laziness.
（5）The government calls on the public to go to work by bicycle instead of by car
__________（reduce） air pollution.
（6）There are __________（reduce） for children sharing a room with two adults.
by
to
to
begging
to reduce
reductions
短语句式
知识点9 lead to 引起；导致；通向
（P68）This is likely to have led to a series of droughts，each lasting for a couple
of years，including a “megadrought” around 900 AD.这可能导致了一系列旱灾,每一次
旱灾都持续好几年,包括大约在公元900年的一次“特大旱灾”。
lead sb to do sth 使某人做某事
lead sb to/into +n. 带领某人去/进入……；使某人得出（观点）
lead a...life 过……的生活
lead the way 引路；带路
知识拓展
Technological changes will lead to unemployment.技术变革将会导致失业。
This can lead to bodily weakness and muscle wastage.这样可能会导致身体虚弱和肌肉萎缩。
除lead to外，常见的表示“引起；导致”的还有cause、result in、bring about、contribute
to等。
经典佳句
名师点拨
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）I want to know what led you ________（take） up acting as a career.
（2）The new evidence led to the high official _____________（arrest）.
to take
being arrested
Ⅱ.单句写作
（3）His lack of confidence _______ a lot of suffering. 他缺乏信心导致了许多痛苦。
（4）The success of his father ___________ believe all the roads ________ Rome.父
亲的成功使他相信条条大路通罗马。
led to
led him to
lead to
知识点10 动词-ed 形式作原因状语
（P66）Intrigued by Maya civilisation from a very young age, 15-year-old Canadian
William Gadoury thought he had made an incredible discovery from his study of
ancient star charts.15岁的加拿大人威廉·甘德瑞从很小的时候就对玛雅文明产生了浓厚
的兴趣，他认为自己通过研究古代星图有了一个令人难以置信的发现。
本句中Intrigued by Maya civilisation from a very young age为动词-ed形式作原因状
语。
动词-ed形式作状语时，动词-ed形式与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。动词-ed形式
在句中作状语时相当于一个状语从句。
（1）动词-ed 形式作原因状语，相当于as、 since、 because引导的原因状语从句,多放
在句首。
（2）动词-ed 形式作时间状语，相当于when引导的时间状语从句,如果分词表示的动
作与谓语动作同时发生,可在分词前用when、 while、 until等使其时间意义更明确。
（3）动词-ed 形式作条件状语， 相当于if、 unless引导的条件状语从句。
（4）动词-ed 形式作方式或伴随状语。
（5）动词-ed 形式作让步状语。
知识拓展
Moved by the movie，the children began to cry.由于被电影感动了，孩子们哭了起来。
When heated, water can be changed into steam. 水加热后可以变成水蒸气。
Compared with you, we still have a long way to go.=If we are compared with you,
we still have a long way to go. 和你们相比,我们还有很大的差距。
The teacher came in, followed by his students. 老师进来了, 后面跟着他的学生。
Left alone at home, John didn't feel afraid at all. 虽然约翰被单独留在家里，但他一
点都不害怕。
融会应用 句型转换
（1）Though he was laughed at by everyone, he had my sympathy.
→______________ everyone, he had my sympathy.
Laughed at by
（2）If it is seen in this light, the matter is not as serious as people generally
suppose.
→_________________, the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose.
Seen in this light
（3）Once begun, the project will never be changed.
→Once___________, the project will never be changed.
it is begun
（4）If I am given more money, I'll solve the problem soon.
→__________________, I'll solve the problem soon.
（5）Though he was warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.
→____________________, he still went skating on the thin ice.
Given more money
Warned of the danger
（6）A few years later, since Tom Bissell was still attracted to the country, he
returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
→A few years later, __________________________, Tom Bissell returned to
Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
still attracted to the country
知识点11 what引导的表语从句
（P67）But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of
their great cities. 但最大的谜团是什么导致玛雅人抛弃了他们的大部分大城市。
本句中what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities是what引导的表语
从句。
（1）引导表语从句的关联词：从属连词that、whether、as、as if/though、because；连
接代词who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever、whatever、whichever；连接副词
where、when、how、why。
知识拓展
（2）当主语是reason时，表语从句表示原因要用that引导，不能用because；当主语是it、
this或that时，表语从句可用because或why引导。
My question is who left.我想问的是谁离开了。
That is why we love our motherland so much.那就是为什么我们那么爱我们的祖国。
The reason is that he didn't understand me.理由是他不明白我的意思。
My suggestion is that we（should）start early tomorrow.我的建议是我们明天一早就
出发。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）China is no longer ______ she used to be.
（2）The question remains _____________ they will be able to help us.
（3）Bob didn't answer my question. That's ________ he didn't understand me.
（4）I didn't accept my father's advice. That's _____he got angry with me.
（5）The reason why I was sad was _____ he didn't understand me.
what
whether/when
because
why
that
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.Marketing is applied ___ everything these days, and books are no exception.
2.Eventually she rose to see that everyone was gone and only one kind gentleman
________（leave） to help her.
3.The new treatment can be used either alone or in ____________（combine） with
the traditional one.
to
was left
combination
4.Education is likely ______（be） a key issue in the next election.
5.The movie is set entirely within the playground of the __________（abandon）
factory.
6.They had a real sense of ____________（achieve） when the work was finished.
7.You must be more moderate in your drinking and too much wine can easily lead
___ serious trouble!
8.Changing his job like that is equivalent ___ giving him the sack.
9.Recently, more and more _____________（archaeology） discoveries have been
made along the Silk Road.
10.By ________（drill）, geologists can take measurements at various depths.
to be
abandoned
achievement
to
to
archaeological
drilling
Ⅱ.选词填空
fall into ruin；make a discovery；correspond to；take back；apply...to...
1.In science，it is important to be the first person to _________________.
2.His expenses do not _____________ his income.
3.How can I ______ theory ___ practice
4.They let the palace _____________.
5.I apologize to you，and now I will __________what I said.
make a discovery
correspond to
apply
to
fall into ruin
take back
Ⅲ.单句写作
1.Many ancient sculptures_____________ after the earthquake. 地震过后，许多古代的
雕塑都毁了。
2.At dusk, they came to a garden______________________________.黄昏时分，他们
来到一个长满红花绿草的花园。
3.The council has organised ___________events and competitions for children in the
area.委员会为本地区的孩子组织了一系列的活动和比赛。
fell into ruin
with red flowers and green grass
a series of
4.Overuse of those drugs, coupled with poor diet, ________bad physical conditions.过
量使用那些药物，再加上饮食缺乏营养，导致健康状况差。
5.___________, computer is also very helpful for their study and work.此外，电脑对
他们的学习和工作也是很有帮助的。
6.This old song _____________ those Chinese people who lived in the 60s. 这首老歌
为那些生活在六十年代的中国人所熟悉。
leads to
In addition
is familiar to
7.The object of these experiments was to find the connection, _______, between the
two phenomena.这些实验的目的就是探索这两种现象之间的联系，如果存在着任何联
系的话。
if any
8._______________________was that there was no one in the classroom.最让我吃惊的
是教室里一个人也没有。
What surprised me most
9.Housewarming parties get their name from the
fact________________________________________________________________________
____. 乔迁派对的名字来源于这一事实:很久以前人们会把柴火作为礼物带到新家。
that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift
单句填空
1.（2022·全国乙）That is the very likely future of _________（apply） today's “eyes
in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks
and infrastructure（基础设施） worldwide are safe for trains...
applying
2.（2022·全国乙）The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact
that your friend may feel __________（abandon）.
abandoned
3.（2022·浙江1月）When the answer,was no, she,________（decline） the invitation.
4.（2022·浙江）This work _________ （expand） my mind in ways that are
impossible inside the four walls of a classroom.
declined
expanded
5.（2021·北京）Recent research _________（suggest） that if an argument gets
resolved，the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost
completely erased.
suggests
6.（2021·北京）Collapseology，the study of collapse，is more concerned with
identifying trends and with them the dangers of everyday ___________（civilize）.
civilization
