人教版（2019）必修第一册Unit5 Languages Around the World Discovering Useful Structures学案（无答案）

定语从句
定语从句定义：
1）在复合句中，修饰或名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
2）被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3）引导定语从句的词有关系代词 that, which, who, whom, whose, as.
关系副词 where, when, why.
定语从句考点：
关系代词引导的定语从句 （关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语）
1) 注意先行词是人还是物:
先行词是人用：that, who, whom, whose 来引导定语从句。
先行词是物用：that, which, whose来引导定语从句。
The girl __________ wears a pair of glasses is my desk mate.
This is the factory ____________ a lot of students visited yesterday.
The classroom ______ windows face south is ours.
先行词是物时，只用that，不用which五种情况:
·当先行词是不定代词时,如:all ,few, little, much, something, anything, everything, nothing
·当先行词被the only, the very, the right, the last等修饰时
·当人和物合做先行词时
·当先行词被序数词修饰时
·当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
He talked about the people and the things ___________he had seen in his hometown.
This is the very computer ___________I am eager to buy.
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
①介词+which 可以替代关系副词 when, where, why
I’ll never forget the day on which (=when) my son was born.
This is the farm on which (=where) I used to work.
I’d like to explain the reason for which (=why) you refused to offer.
②依据与先行词的固定搭配确定使用什么介词
I’ll never forget the time during which I was with my friends in the country.
I’ll offer you a better way in which you can do the job.
③依据定语从句中动词或形容词的搭配来确定介词
She bought several books, on which she spent all her money.
It is the price of which I am not sure.
④根据定语从句所表达的具体意思来确定介词
Can you see the river across which there is a bridge
He is swimming in the river, on which there is a boat.
There should be someone to whom you can turn for advice.
关系副词引导的定语从句 （关系副词在定语从句中充当状语, 关系副词=介词+which）
I will never forget the day ___________I first came to Longwan High school. （时间状语）
The university _________I will major in law is well-known all over China. （地点状语）
The reason ________she resigned her job was unknown to us. （原因状语）
1）注意关系代词和关系副词的选择:
根据从句的谓语动词：是及物动词，后面若无宾语，用关系代词；是不及物动词用关系副词
根据关系词在从句中所作的成分：若关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若作状语，用关系
副词。
Do you still remember the place _________ we visited last week
August 8th,2008 is the day_____________ the 29th Olympics started.
When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house _______ I would be staying.
Finally he reached a lonely island ___________ was completely cut off from the outside world.
2）case, situation, point, stage, position, condition等作先行词时，如果先行词在定语从句中做状语，常被看做“抽象的地点”，这时用where引导定语从句，如：
You have reached a point _____________ you have to spare no effort.
Sales(销售）director is a position __________ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
There are many cases __________ students know the words but can’t use them properly.
We have reached the stage __________we almost have no rights at all.
非限制性定语从句:
不能用that 来引导，其他的关系词都可以。
She purchased a new car, _________was made in Germany.
He must be from Africa, ______ can be seen from his skin.
The beautiful village, ________ we spent our holiday last month, lies at the foot of a mountain.
She has three daughters, two of _________are lawyers.
Many children, ______ parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village.
as 在非限制性定语从句中的用法：表说话人的看法、态度、解释或评论。
"as" 有“正如”之意， 常用在一些固定搭配中。as引导的定语从句可置于句首、句中或句尾。
as we all know /expect /see /discover /report,
as is known to all/expected/seen/discovered/reported,
as is mentioned above,（就像上文提到的那样）
as the saying goes (就像谚语说的那样)
as is often the case (with sb) 情况经常是这样
“ You can’t judge a book by its cover,” _________the old saying goes.
There is no simple answer, ______ is often the case in science.
The air quality in the city, ______ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. _________is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.
which 在非限制性定语从句的用法：对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明，表事物的状态或结果。
which 指前面主句提到的这件事，常译为“这一点；这件事”等。从句只能在主句后面。
He changed his mind again, ____________ made us all angry.
She tore up my photos, ____________ upset me.
三、用适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列各句。
1. These bone and shell fossils date back to a billion years ago ____________ there were no human beings.
2. They are natives ____________ attitude towards their civilisation can’t be changed.
3. The system still has some faults despite the facts on ____________ it is based.
4. We have ignored many factors ____________ led to the empire’s ups and down.
5. We’ll visit the park ____________ there are a variety of stone figures ____________ the sculpture carved.
6. This word may refer to a native ____________ can speak the local dialect.
7. He is looking forward to the semester ____________ his major is English classic literature.
8. In my point of view, this is the major means by ____________ we can solve global affairs.
9. Subway, gas, pants and apartment are American English words from ____________ British English has
different words.
The article in ____________ he gives a specific description of his demand for equal rights is worth reading.
The reason ____________ John studied Chinese characters and calligraphy is not clear.
This is a symbol ____________ shows the ups and downs of that dynasty.
Do you know the reason ____________ British people say underground and petrol instead of subway and gas
He appreciates Chinese calligraphy and regards it as his major, but the reason ____________ he gives us is unbelievable.
People protest against the conducts of the government, ____________ doesn’t care about environmental protection.
____________ we all know, it is worthwhile to preserve cultural relics and historic sites.
He was blamed for his careless conduct, ____________， had led to the loss of all the documents.
The driver attempted to limit the speed, ____________ he failed to do.
There is a temple on the mountain, ____________ shows the creative design of ancient people.
This mountain is a nature preserve, ____________ no hunting is allowed.
四、用恰当的关系副词填空
1. They will fly to Washington, ____________ they plan to stay for two or three days.
2. ---- Where did you get to know her ---- It was on the form ____________ we worked.
3. The village ____________ we learned farming two years ago has developed a lot.
4. Students should take part in community activities ____________ they can gain experience for growth.
5. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment ____________ they live.
6. Many countries are now setting up national parks ____________ animals and plants can be protected.
7. When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house ____________ I would be staying.
8. It is said that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet ____________ life has developed gradually.
9. Life is like a long race ____________ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
10. ---- What do you think of teaching, Bob ---- I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ____________ you are doing something serious but interesting.
11. I have reached a point in my life ____________ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
12. It’s helpful to put children in a situation ____________ whey can see themselves differently.
13. All the neighbors admire this family ____________ the parents are treating their child like a friend.
14. Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases ____________ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
15. I am looking forward to the day ____________ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
16. We are living in an age ____________ many things are done on the computer.
17. Do you remember the afternoon ____________ we first met three years ago
18. I’ll never forget the occasion ____________ I was accepted as a League member.
19. July and August are the months ____________ the weather is hot.
20. This is the time ____________ you should take a break and start something else.
五．用介词+关系代词填空
1. Have you ever read the book ____________ there are many pictures
2. The man ____________ he had a talk yesterday is a doctor.
3. The library ____________ we often borrow books is very large.
4. The gentleman ____________ you spoke just now is our headmaster.
5. This is the new bicycle ____________ I spent five hundred dollars.
6. Give me a piece of paper ____________ I can write the phone number.
7. The boy built a telescope ____________ he could study the skies.
8. Eric received training in the computer for one year, ____________ he found a job in a big company.
9. Here are the table tennis players, some ____________ are from our school.
10. The tool ____________ he is working is called an engine.
六．定语从句组合训练
1. Tom was one of the boys ____________ (be) praised by the headmaster yesterday.
Tom was the only one of the boys ____________ praised by the headmaster yesterday.
This is the house ____________ my grandfather once lived.
This is the house ____________ my grandfather built himself.
This is the house ____________ my grandfather once lived in.
This is the house in ____________ my grandfather once lived.
I’ll never forget the wonderful days ____________ we spent in the countryside.
I’ll never forget the wonderful days ____________ we worked in the countryside.
I’ll never forget the wonderful days on ____________ we played in the countryside.
Is this the reason ____________ he explained for his being late
Is this the reason ____________ he was late for class
Is this reason ____________ he gave for his being late
Do you understand ____________ the teacher spoke about at the lecture
Do you understand all ____________ the teacher spoke about at the lecture
Do you understand ____________ the teacher spoke about at the lecture
She has two sons, both of ____________ are college students.
She has two sons, and both of ____________ are college students.
The old man still lives in the hut, ____________ windows face north.
The old man still lives in the hut, the windows ____________ face north.
The old man still lives in the hut ____________ lies in the north of the village.
The old man still lives in the hut ____________ he has lived more than fifty years.
____________ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
____________ who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
It is a long time ____________ his elder brother joined the army.
It will not be a long time ____________ he returns home.
It was about eight years ago ____________ the woman made a discovery.
It happened three months ago ____________ I was still studying in a medical college.
____________ is well-known that China is rich in natural resources.
____________ is well-known, China is rich in natural resources.
____________ is well-known is that China is rich in natural resources.