选词填空+情态动词
词汇填空题语篇一般文章首句不设空；约每隔15-30个词会有一个空；空与空之间有完整意群；方框中词汇难度中高级，以实词为主，即名词、动词、形容词、副词；语法方面考察词性之间关系和句子结构分析能力；逻辑方面考察上下文联系。特别提示：近几年高考词汇题常出现构词法知识、一词多性、一词多义及熟词生义现象。
词性考察 考点分析 做题技巧
名词 1、主要考察名词作主语和宾语 2、注意名词也可作前置定语 1、先判断方框单词的词性词义，注意一词多性和一词多义。 2、精读第一句，掌握文章主题。 3、根据语法知识确定被填入空格词的词性，缩小范围。 4、根据文章理解确定答案。 5、仔细检查，最终敲定答案。
动词 do/does形式： 1、句子缺少一个谓语动词，可根据“谓语动词数=连词数+1”规则判断 2、注意三单和动词及物不及物
doing形式： 1、可能是动名词、现在分词和进行时态 2、动名词主要考察作主语、宾语 3、现在分词主要考察作表语、定语、状语、宾补，注意分词短语作后置定语情况
done形式： 1、可能是谓语动词过去式、被动语态及过去分词 2、若空格前有be动词，要根据句意判断是被动还是表状态的过去分词 3、过去分词主要考察作表语、定语、状语、宾补，注意分词短语作后置定语情况，注意单个过去分词作后置定语的情况，如：left，saved，remained，gained等
形容词 单个形容词作前置定语，形容词短语作后置定语
副词 句子结构完整时用副词，位置可放句首，句中，句末
解题思路一：名词的确定
名词的确定：名词在句子中做主语；名词做动词宾语或介词宾语；注意名词也可作定语。例：
A.natural B.enterprise C.profitable D.intelligent E. cassette F. powder
This _______________ is now on a firm footing and should soon get profits.
【详解】考查名词作主语。句意：这家企业现在根基稳固，很快就会盈利。根据后面的“should soon get profits（很快就会盈利）”，可知“enterprise”意为“企业”作主语，故选B。
解题思路二：动词的确定
动词的确定：动词最容易确定，因为一个句子没有动词就等于没有谓语，是很明显的缺陷。而且动词的关联性、可比性最差，选这个和选那个有天壤之别。
A. access B. terms C. improve D. amount E. quality F. facility
“The human race will ___________ higher states of awareness, not through external scientific developments, but by taking the journey within," according to the company.
【详解】考查动词。句意：人类将获得更高的意识状态，不是通过外部的科学发展，而是通过内部的旅程。情态动词will后应接动词原形，access作动词时表示“使用、获得”，符合句意。故选A。
解题思路三：非谓语动词的确定
非谓语动词的确定：动名词作主语、动词宾语和介词宾语、表语、定语。分词作表语、宾补、定语、状语。有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词。例：
A. manufacturer B. adapted C. conflict D. received E. taste F. stranded
Lord of the Flies is a 1954 novel by Nobel Prize-winning British author William Golding. The book focuses on a group of British boys __________ on an uninhabited island and their disastrous attempt to govern themselves.
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这本书集中于在一个_________的岛上一群英国男孩他们统治自己的灾难性尝试。分词作定语，根据意思是被困在一个荒岛上。故答案选F. 处于困境的，使搁浅。
解题思路四：形容词的确定
形容词的确定：形容词作定语修饰名词。单个形容词作前置定语；形容词短语作后置定语。例：
A. suitable B. unfortunately C. worsen D. afford E. risk F. expensive
“I don’t believe that the online courses for that age group are ____23____. Kids at this age really need that multimodal sensory learning (多模式感官学习).” one parent said.
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我认为网络课程对这个年龄组的孩子是不合适的。分析句子可知，空格处为动词be的表语，根据“Kids at this age really need that multimodal sensory learning (多模式感官学习).” one parent said.”可知，网络课程对这个年龄组的孩子是不合适的。所以此处用suitable“合适的”为形容词，作表语。故选A项。
解题思路五：副词的确定
副词的确定：句子完整，副词可修饰动词、形容词、副词、整个句子、介词短语、不定式、过去分词等；
A. administered B. assess C. evaluating D. externally E improperly
Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. For example, 34 moving a person with a neck injury can lead to permanent health problems.
【详解】考查副词。句意：例如，颈部受伤的人移动不当可能会导致永久性健康问题。分析句子可知，设空处为副词修饰动词作状语，根据句意，应为improperly，意为“不适当地”。故选E。
解题思路六：熟词生义
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
You need to communicate in a way that 38 their company standards; this will show that you can fit in that organization.（2017春考模拟卷）
A. competitors B. philosophy C. properly D. maximize E. enthusiastic F. candidate G. mirrors H. background I. extremely J. conducted K. cultural
【详解】在这个句子中，关键词"communicate in a way that"表明你需要以某种方式来与公司交流，这种方式应该与他们的公司标准相似或相匹配。"Mirrors"意味着"反映", 由原来熟悉的名词，转化为动词，故选G.
解题思路七：一词多性
These demands must also be balanced with the need to create interiors (内饰) that in some way enhance, establish or promote a company’s image and will enable employees to 49 at their best.
A. access B.alternatives C.designed D. confirmed E. conflicting F. elements G. function H.innovative I.prospective J. separate K. supporting
【答案】G
【解析】本句意为“这种要求要注意均衡内饰的需要和使得员工起到最好的作用，内饰在一定程度上，可以加强，建立或促进公司的形象。”结合搭配enable sb to do sth可以知道空格填动词形式，而且是原形。需注意function可以做名词（“功能”），也可做不及物动词动词用（“起作用”）。
解题思路八：构词法（派生/转化/合成/缀合）
（2016高考）
A. account B. adjustable C. appliances D. capture E. decorations F. direct G. experiment H. intended I. operated J. soulless K. squeeze
More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design.
For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user.
【解析】以上两空均所填入单词均涉及到构词法知识。
43.J 形容词soulless 没有灵魂的；该词在本句中做定语修饰名词design。根据前半句“The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly...”可知美国建筑家Robert Venturi总结过，如果简约没有做好，那么这样的设计就是没有灵魂的；
47.B 形容词adjustable可调节的；本句中该词作为定语修饰名词desk lamp，意为“可调节的台灯”，与后句中“regular adjustments by the user” 形成呼应。
A. administered B. assess C. evaluating D. externally E. improperly F. life-threatening
G. measures H. original I. preexisting J. principles K. vital
Next, __（assess）____ the scene, asking other people or the injured person’s family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and __ preexisting___ conditions such as heart trouble. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.
First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist.
解题思路九：固定搭配
在选词填空中，约定俗成的固定搭配不是很多，但对固定搭配的理解很常见。此外，非常重要的一点是注
意小品词，即我们通常所说的to, in , on , at ,from等等,某种程度上能给我们选择的提示。如：
1).He believes design must take into the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. （account）（2016高考）
2). Since you really____ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it (commit) (2014高考)
3).The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to ____foods as healthy or unhealthy. (classify) （2014高考）
解题步骤：
1、浏览全文，把握文脉。答题时，不要急于看选项、找答案，应通篇浏览短文，浏览的速度应根据考生本人的情况而定，以能看懂为标准，必要时可以划出关键词句。
2、审读选项，辨析词性。由于给出的选项，每个只能选用一次，所以它对学生词汇的要求很高，务必搞清每个词的词性，有的词可能是多种词性，因为接下来的每一个空格都必须要和句子所要求的词性相一致。
3、先易后难，上下求索。做题是应仔细分析句子结构，明白所填入的词汇在句中扮演的角色，对于一些能迅速找到答案的先填入，从而把选择范围大大缩小，降低阅读难度。遇到一时想不起来的空，先跳过去，不要用太多的时间停留在一个单词上。
4、复读检查，通顺逻辑。填完之后将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查，仔细推敲，注意所选的答案填入空白处后，整个句子语法结构、词性、语态、时态是否合理。一旦发现问题，及时纠正。
课堂练习
【上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】
A．bend B．fascinated C．implication D．invites E. resembles F. habitable G. outpacing H. determine I. exploration J. alternative K. colonized
Good evening, ladies and gentlemen:
We’re at a tipping point in human history, between gaining the stars and losing the planet we call home. At the same time as we’re discovering this treasure of potentially 16 worlds, our own planet is sinking. 2014
was the hottest year on record. Glaciers and sea ice are now disappearing in a matter of decades. These planetary-scale environmental changes are rapidly 17 our ability to alter their course.
I’m not a climate scientist, I’m an astronomer. You could say that I look for 18 alien real estate. Now, as somebody who is deeply 19 in the search for life in the universe, I can tell you that the more you look for planets like Earth, the more you appreciate our own planet itself. Each one of these new worlds 20 a comparison between the newly discovered planet and the planets we know best: those of our own Solar System.
Consider our neighbor, Mars. Though the Martian view 21 the deserts of our own home world, Mars is a pretty terrible place to live considering the extent to which we have not 22 the deserts of our own planet. Even in the driest, highest places on Earth, the air is sweet and thick with oxygen exhaled (呼气) from thousands of miles away by our rainforests.
I worry that Mars and other planets carries with it a long, dark shadow: the 23 by some that Mars will be there to save us from the destruction of the only truly livable planet we know of, the Earth. As much as I love interplanetary 24 , I deeply disagree with this idea. There are many excellent reasons to go to Mars, but for anyone to tell you that Mars will be there to back up humanity is like the captain of the Titanic telling you that the real party is happening later on the lifeboats.
If we truly believe in our ability to 25 the hostile environments of Mars for human habitation, then we should be able to surmount the far easier task of preserving the habitability of the Earth.
【答案】
16．F 17．G 18．J 19．B 20．D 21．E 22．K 23．C 24．I 25．A
【导语】本文是一篇演讲稿，主要讲的是我们对于宜居星球的探索。
16．考查形容词。句意：在我们发现潜在宜居星球宝藏的同时，我们的星球正在下沉。根据最后一段的“If we truly believe in our ability to ____the hostile environments of Mars for human habitation”可知，此处表示“在我们发现潜在宜居星球宝藏的同时”，空格处意为“宜居的”，用形容词作定语，是habitable，故选F。
17．考查时态。句意：这些行星级别的环境变化正迅速超过我们改变其进程的能力。由前面的“Glaciers and sea ice are now disappearing in a matter of decades”可知，这些行星级别的环境变化正迅速超过我们改变其进程的能力，空格处意为“超过”，是outpace，由are可知，时态用现在进行时，空格处用现在分词。故选G。
18．考查形容词。句意：你可以说我在寻找另一种外星地产。由后面的“alien real estate”可知，此处表示“你可以说我在寻找另一种外星地产”，空格处意为“可替代的”，用形容词alternative作定语，修饰alien real estate。故选J。
19．考查形容词。句意：现在，作为一个深深着迷于寻找宇宙生命的人，我可以告诉你，你越是寻找像地球这样的行星，你就越珍惜我们自己的星球。由后面的“I love interplanetary___9__”可知，此处表示“作为一个深深着迷于寻找宇宙生命的人”，空格处意为“对……着迷”，用形容词作表语，是fascinated。故选B。
20．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：每一个新发现的行星都让我们将这颗新发现的行星与我们最熟悉的太阳系行星进行比较。由前面“Each one of these new worlds”可知，每一个新发现的行星都让我们将这颗新发现的行星与我们最熟悉的太阳系行星进行比较，空格处意为“引起，招致”，是invite，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语Each one是单数，因此空格处用第三人称单数。故选D。
21．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：虽然火星上的景象和我们地球上的沙漠很像，但考虑到我们还没有在自己星球的沙漠上殖民，火星是一个相当可怕的地方。由前面的“the Martian view”和后面的“the deserts of our own home world”可知，此处表示“虽然火星上的景象和我们地球上的沙漠很像”，空格处意为“和……相像”，是resemble，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语view是单数，因此空格处用第三人称单数。故选E。
22．考查时态。句意：虽然火星上的景象和我们地球上的沙漠很像，但考虑到我们还没有在自己星球的沙漠上殖民，火星是一个相当可怕的地方。由后面的“the deserts of our own planet”可知，此处表示“考虑到我们还没有在自己星球的沙漠上殖民”，空格处意为“殖民”，是colonize，由have not可知，时态用现在完成时，空格处用过去分词。故选K。
23．考查名词。句意：我担心火星和其他行星会带来长长的黑影：有些人认为火星会在那里拯救我们，使我们免遭地球这个我们所知唯一真正宜居的星球的毁灭。由后面的“by some that Mars will be there to save us from the destruction of the only truly livable planet we know of, the Earth”可知，此处表示“有些人认为火星会在那里拯救我们，使我们免遭地球这个我们所知唯一真正宜居的星球的毁灭”，空格处意为“暗示”，the后跟名词，是implication，是不可数名词。故选C。
24．考查名词。句意：尽管我很喜欢星际探索，但我非常不同意这个想法。由前面的“as somebody who is deeply____ in the search for life in the universe, I”可知，作者喜欢星际探索，空格处意为“探索”，用名词作宾语，是exploration，是不可数名词。故选I。
25．考查动词。句意：如果我们真的相信我们有能力改变火星恶劣的环境以供人类居住，那么我们就应该能够完成保护地球宜居性这一简单得多的任务。由后面的“the hostile environments of Mars for human habitation”可知，此处表示“如果我们真的相信我们有能力改变火星恶劣的环境以供人类居住”，空格处意为“改变”，是bend，ability后用不定式作后置定语，因此空格处用原形。故选A。
小试牛刀【上海市交大附中2022-2023学年高一期中英语试题】
A．agreement B．aware C． communicating D．consider E. conflicts F. gap G. recognize H. reflection I. sharing J. thoughtful K. value
The meaning of silence varies among cultural group. Silence may be 26 , or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every 27 with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs. Many native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of 28 among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these culture is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied is that the person wants the listener to 29 what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for 30 .
Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with 31 among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show 32 between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.
Nurses and other care-givers need to be 33 of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should 34 their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing 35 of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.
【答案】
26．J 27．F 28．C 29．D 30．H 31．E 32．A 33．B 34．G 35．K
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述在不同的文化背景中，沉默的意义不同。
26．考查形容词。句意：沉默可能是在深思熟虑，也可能是一个人无话可说时的空虚。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处需要形容词，作表语，thoughtful“深思熟虑的”是形容词，符合句意。故选J。
27．考查名词。句意：沉默可能被一些文化团体视为极其不舒服；因此，可以尝试用对话填补每个空白。
分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处需要名词，作宾语，gap“空挡，缺口”是名词，符合句意。故选F。
28．考查非谓语动词。句意：许多美国原住民珍视沉默，并认为沉默是人与人之间交流的基本部分，就像一些传统的中国人和泰国人一样。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处需要不及物动词的现在分词形式，作介词of的宾语，communicating“交流”是不及物动词的现在分词形式，符合句意。故选C。
29．考查动词。句意：因此，当一个来自这些文化的人在讲话时突然停止，这可能意味着该人希望听众在继续之前考虑所说的内容。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处需要及物动词，后面what has been said是它的宾语从句，consider“考虑”是及物动词，符合句意。故选D。
30．考查名词。句意：在这些文化中，沉默是一种反思的呼唤。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处需要名词，作宾语，reflection“反思”是名词，符合句意。故选H。
31．考查名词。句意：其他文化可能会以其他方式使用沉默，尤其是在处理人与人之间的冲突或权力不同的人之间的关系时。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处需要名词，作宾语，conflicts“冲突”是名词，符合句意。故选E。
32．考查名词。句意：例如，俄罗斯人、法国人和西班牙人可能会用沉默来表示双方对讨论的主题达成一致。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处需要名词，作宾语，agreement“同意，达成一致”是名词，符合句意。故选A。
33．考查形容词。句意：当护士和其他护理人员遇到患者可能正在经历的个人焦虑时，他们需要意识到沉默的可能含义。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处需要形容词，作表语，aware“意识到的”是形容词，符合句意。故选B。
34．考查谓语动词。句意：护士应该认识到他们自己的沉默的个人和文化结构，这样患者的沉默就不会被过早打断或被不必要地继续下去。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处需要动词，作谓语，recognize“意识到”是动词，符合句意。故选G。
35．考查名词。句意：了解沉默的治愈价值的护士可以利用这种理解来帮助照顾来自自己和其他文化的患者。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处需要名词，作宾语，value“价值”是名词，符合句意。故选K。
一、情态动词基本用法
情态动词 基本用法 例句
can/ 1、表示能力，可译为“能，会”。 The cinema can seat 1,000 people.
could 2、表示允许、许可，常用在口语中。could比can语气上要客气。 3、表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。 4、can’t... too… /can’t… enough 再…也不为过。 Could/ Can you tell me how to get to the zoo How can you be so careless You can’t be too careful when driving.
may/ might 在口语中可用can, could代替may，但在正式场合用may。表示允许时，也可用might代替，might不表示过去时，而是表示口气比较婉转。 1、表示请求、许可，常译为“可以”。 2、用于祈使句表示祝愿。 May/Can /Could/ Might I have a talk with you May you succeed!
must/ have to 1、must表示有做某一动作的必要或义务，强调主观看法，可译为“必须，应该”。 2、have to表示因客观需要促使主语不得不做某事。 3、mustn’t表示“禁止”；don’t have to意思是“没有必要”= don’t need to。 4、must可用来表示根据逻辑推理必然要发生的事，可译为“必然会，总是会”。 5、must有时可用来表示“偏偏”的意思。 Everyone must obey the rule. My eyesight is very poor. I have to wear glasses for reading. You must keep it a secret. You mustn’t tell anyone.
You don’t have to tell me the secret. Truth must be out. When I was taking a nap, a student must knock at the door.
shall 1、表示征询意见或请求指示，用于一、三人称疑问句。 2、表示说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、威胁、决心”等意思，用于第二、三人称陈述句中。 3、表示强制，用于法令、条约、规章中，意为“必须，应该”。 Shall they wait outside He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. （警告） Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.（决心） The interest shall be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.
should 1、表示义务，意为“应该”（某件事宜于做）。 2、常与what, how, why等词连用，表示意外、惊讶等情绪。 3、表示对过去、现在或将来情况的某种推测，可译为“可能、照说应该”。 4、表惊讶、忧虑、惋惜等，意为“竟然”。 One shouldn’t be selfish. How should I know He should be taking a bath now. It’s a pity that you should be so careless.
ought to 1、表示义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务而该做），口气比should稍重。 2、表示推测，暗含很大的可能，可译为“应该是，会是”。 We ought to defend our country. Prices ought to come down soon.
will 1、表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。 2、表请求，用于疑问句。 3、表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。 I will do anything for you. Will you close the window It’s a bit cold. The door won’t open.
would 1、表意愿。 2、表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。 3、表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。 They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. Would you like another glass of beer Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.
used to 1、表示过去的习惯或过去某时期的状况，但现在已不存在。 2、否定：usedn’t to/didn’t use to。 区别： used to表示过去习惯动作或状态，强调“现已无此习惯了”，而would只表示过去的习惯动作，与现在无关，往往要带有一个特定的时间状语。 He used to drink tea but now he drinks coffee.
I usedn’t to go there./ I didn’t use to go there. Did you use to/Used you to go to the same school as your brother We used to play hide-and-seek in the fields. Whenever we were in the country, we
would play hide-and-seek in the fields.
need 1、作情态动词： need表示“需要”或“必须”，仅用于否定句或疑问句中，在肯定句中一般用 must，have to，ought to，或 should代替。 否定：needn’t do 2、作实义动词： 后面接不定式（to do），有人称、数和时态的变化。 肯定：need to do 否定：don’t need to do You needn’t come so early. He needs to finish it this evening. He doesn’t need to finish it this evening.
dare 1、作情态动词： 主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中，一般不用于肯定句。 2、作实义动词： 在肯定句中，dare后面通常接带 to的不定式；而在否定和疑问句中，dare后面的不定式可以不带to。 肯定：dare to do 否定：don’t dare (to) do —He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he —Yes, he dare./No, he daren’t. How dare you say I’m unfair If you dare come here, I will come to meet you.
二、情态动词表推测
结构 时态 例句
must do be doing have done He must be very lazy for his desk is very untidy. It’s midnight now. He must be sleeping. The ground is wet. It must have rained last night.
may/might may/might not Your math teacher may/might (not) be in his office. I might have lost my watch in the bath room.
can/could can/could not can/could... John walked past me without speaking. He can’t/couldn’t have seen me. He cannot be at home. Can the story be true / Where can (could) they have gone
can/could用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性
As we all know, an experienced teacher can make mistakes.
众所周知，一位有经验的老师也会犯错。
You mustn’t smoke while you’re walking around in the wood. You could start a fire.
情态动词表推测的反意疑问句
情态动词表推测的反意疑问句，以情态动词后的时态为淮，如句子里有明确的时间状语，则以其为准。
You must be hungry now, aren’t you
He must be watching TV, isn’t he
Tom must have lived her for a long time, hasn’t he
She must have arrived yesterday, didn’t she
三、情态动词表虚拟
结构 所用句式 意义 例句
should/ought to have done 肯定/否定/疑问句 本来(不)应该 We should have studied last night, but we went to the concert instead. They shouldn’t have left so soon.
could/might have done 肯定句 本来能够/可以 I could have run 100 meters in 12 seconds. You might have made greater progress. But you didn’t.
need have done 否定句 本不必要 I need not have got up so early.
【课堂反馈】
一、填空
According to the law, people under eighteen __________ not drink or smoke.
It is taken for granted in China that children __________ __________ support their parents.
You __________ not return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.
I went to the doctors yesterday, I had to wait for half an hour before he __________ see me.
I can’t find Mr Smith anywhere in the office building. Where __________ he have gone
We __________ have studied last night, but we went to the concert instead.
They __________ have missed the plane, or perhaps they have been prevented from coming for some reason.
I didn’t hear the phone. I __________ have been asleep.
The regulations state that no one __________ be allowed to smoke in public places.
He had known the matter before you told him, so you __________ not have told it to him.
【答案】
1. must 2. ought to 3. need 4. could 5. can 6. should 7. may 8. must 9. shall 10. need
二、翻译
由于那条狗，小女孩不敢一个人去上学。(dare)
你原本应该警告我们那里有危险但你却没有。(warn...of...)
到去年年底前他肯定已看完教授推荐的所有的书目。(must)
她们中谁可能当过排球教练？(may)【2018春考】
对父母而言，没有什么能与孩子的身心健康相比。(compare)
我每次尝试同表弟讨论他的婚姻问题时，都不得不以吵架告终。(end up)
多吃水果蔬菜，你就不必担心维生素缺乏。(lack of)
【答案】
The little girl dare not/doesn’t dare to/dared/didn’t dare to go to school alone.
You should have warned us of the danger there but you didn’t.
He must have read all the books that/which the professor recommended by the end of last year.
Who may have been a volleyball coach among them
As for parents, nothing can be compared with their children’s physical and mental health.
Every time I try to discuss with my cousin about his marriage, we have to end up quarreling.
Eat more fruit and vegetables and you don’t need to /needn’t worry about lack of vitamins.
一、填空（情态动词运用）
We __________ __________ be careful when we are making friends on the Internet.
Our holidays were ruined by the weather, we __________ just as well have stayed at home!
“You __________ not smoke in the bedroom.” Rose said to her husband and pushed him out of the room.
The importance of saving gas __________ not be stressed too much. Automobiles use up some 70 billion gallons of gas a year.
You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman __________ be so rude to a lady.
—I can hear the water running in the bathroom.
—Yes, Bira __________ be taking another shower.
You __________ feel all the training a waste of time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.
I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She __________ not have spoken at the meeting.
You __________ __________ have adopted different approaches to the problem, but you didn’t.
Since you have made such good preparations, there __________ not be any problem about passing the coming exam.
【答案】
1. have to/ought to 2. might 3. must 4. can 5. should 6. must 7. may 8. could 9. ought to 10. should
二、语法填空
【上海市建平中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】
Classic gardens of Suzhou
Fine works of art and architecture form an important part of our cultural heritage. Fortunately, some of these cultural sites 1 (preserve) well since they were unearthed.
Chinese garden design, 2 seeks to recreate miniature natural landscapes, couldn’t be any better
illustrated than in the nine gardens in the historic city of Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Suzhou’s classical gardens, 3 buildings and landscape are coupled together, create a harmonious union between man and nature.
The classical gardens of Suzhou are the unification of houses and gardens, and they were meant to be appreciated and lived in as well. A thickly populated city 4 Suzhou often lacks rich natural scenery, and that is why such typical architecture should be found in the city. 5 (improve) their living conditions, certain individuals in Suzhou would attempt to create harmony in their living environment by constructing their homes together with nature.
Founded in the Song Dynasty, Canglang Pavilion has 6 (long) history among all of the existing classical gardens of Suzhou. Naturally well designed, it 7 (call) one of the four best gardens in Suzhou. 8 other three are Lion Grove Garden, the Humble Administrator’s Garden and Lingering Garden. The masterfully designed Canglang Pavilion looks simple but elegant. Without fancy decorations, it combines buildings with scenery so perfectly and profoundly 9 the whole garden appears to have been formed naturally.
Suzhou’s classical gardens hold high value for the study of Chinese landscape gardening, architecture, culture, aesthetics (美学) and philosophy. All nine of Suzhou’s most famous classical gardens 10 (add) to the World Heritage List by UNESCO in 1997.
【答案】
1．have been preserved 2．which 3．where 4．like 5．To improve 6．the longest 7．is called 8．The 9．that 10．were added
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了苏州的古典园林。
1．考查时态和语态。句意：幸运的是，这些文化遗址中的一些自发现以来就得到了保存。空处为主句谓语动词，preserve和主语之间是被动关系，根据时间状语since they were unearthed可知，应用现在完成时的被动语态。主语为复数，主谓一致，故填have been preserved。
2．考查定语从句。句意：中国的园林设计试图再现微型自然景观，这一点在江苏省历史名城苏州的九座园林中表现得再好不过了。分析可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Chinese garden design，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
3．考查定语从句。句意：苏州的古典园林，建筑和景观结合在一起，创造了人与自然的和谐结合。分析可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Suzhou’s classical gardens，关系副词where引导从句，在从句
中作地点状语，意为“在那里”。故填where。
4．考查介词。句意：像苏州这样人口稠密的城市往往缺乏丰富的自然风光，这就是为什么在这个城市中会找到这样典型的建筑。根据句意可知，此处应用介词like和Suzhou构成介词短语，作后置定语。故填like。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善他们的生活条件，苏州的某些人会试图通过与自然一起建造家园来创造生活环境的和谐。根据句意可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了”。句首字母大写，故填To improve。
6．考查形容词最高级。句意：沧浪亭始建于宋代，是苏州现存所有古典园林中历史最悠久的。根据句意和后文among all of the existing classical gardens of Suzhou可知，此处应用形容词的最高级作定语，修饰名词，表示“历史最悠久的”。故填the longest。
7．考查时态和语态。句意：自然设计精良，它（沧浪亭）被称为苏州四大园林之一。谓语动词call和主语it之间是被动关系，此处描述客观事实，故用一般现在时的被动语态。主谓一致，故填is called。
8．考查冠词。句意：另外三个是狮子林花园、拙政园和留园。根据前文句意可知，此处特指“另外的三个园林”，应用定冠词限定。故填The。
9．考查固定句型。句意：没有花哨的装饰，它将建筑与风景完美而深刻地结合在一起，整个花园看起来是自然形成的。根据句意和前文so可知，此处应用that引导结果状语从句，so…that…“如此……以至于……”是固定句型。故填that。
10．考查时态和语态。句意：1997年，苏州最著名的九座古典园林全部被联合国教科文组织列入世界遗产名录。谓语动词add和主语之间是被动关系，根据时间状语in 1997可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为复数，主谓一致，故填were added。
三、选词填空
【上海市大同中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】
A．chop B．favored C． physical D．distract E. instruction F. discipline
G. regular H. evolve I. covered J. engage K. comprehension
Today’s students have a problem. They were born into a world where smartphones, social media, and immediate access to the internet are hurting their ability to focus.
Now teachers have a problem too. They find it particularly exhausting to ask students to read complex or long texts without taking 11 breaks. Smartphones have clearly affected the younger generation, but how
education should 12 for digital-native students was not something that was 13 when they were getting certified.
A common idea among teachers is that short is good. When students can’t seem to pay attention to long lectures, many teachers simply 14 lessons into smaller chunks. In fact, students need time to 15 with a topic once the teacher introduces it before moving on. Switching between small lessons too quickly could rob them of valuable 16 .
A study from educational publisher Pearson found that students aged between 10 and 24 tend to stay away from 17 books. Therefore, some tech-forward teachers choose to “meet kids where they are” on platforms such as YouTube and Instagram.
Still, while those educators are embracing technology in the classroom to meet students’ needs, they are also finding value in traditional methods, and so suggest a mixed learning approach. Direct 18 from them will never be replaced in their classes. Technology will be 19 only when it improves a lesson in ways that are impossible offline.
Teachers are making an effort not only to ensure that students take advantage of new technologies, but to teach students valuable skills that can help them succeed in a world constantly trying to 20 them.
【答案】
11．G 12．H 13．I 14．A 15．J 16．K 17．C 18．E 19．B 20．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今为了适应年轻一代被智能手机分心的影响，老师们也在学着改进自己的教学方式。文章列举了教师们所采取的一些方法和作者对此的看法。
11．考查形容词。句意：他们发现，要求学生阅读复杂或长文本而没有定期休息尤其令人疲惫。分析句子结构可知，此处需要形容词做定语，修饰空后的breaks，此处表达“定期的休息”之意，regular“定期的”符合题意。故选G项。
12．考查动词。句意：智能手机显然已经影响了年轻一代，但数字原生学生的教育应该如何发展，并不是他们获得认证时所涉及的内容。分析句子结构可知，此处需要动词作谓语，位于情态动词should后面，用动词原形，此处表达“如何发展”之意，evolve“发展”符合题意。故选H项。
13．考查动词。句意：智能手机显然已经影响了年轻一代，但数字原生学生的教育应该如何发展，并不是他们获得认证时所包括的内容。分析句子结构可知，此处需要动词作谓语，表达“被包括”之意，空前已有be动词was，所以covered“包括”符合题意，与be动词构成一般过去时的被动语态。故选I项。
14．考查动词。当学生们似乎无法集中注意力听长课时，许多老师就简单地把课程分成小块。分析句子结构可知，此处需要动词做谓语，表达“简单地把课程分成小块”之意，chop sth. into 为固定搭配意为“把某物切成……”符合题意。故选A项。
15．考查动词。事实上，一旦老师介绍了一个话题，学生在继续学习之前需要时间来参与。分析句子结构可知，空前的to是不定式标志，所以空处应填动词原形，此处表达“需要时间来参与”之意，engage“使参加”符合题意。故选J项。
16．考查名词。句意：在小课之间切换太快会使他们失去有价值的理解能力。分析句子结构可知，空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词，此处表达“有价值的理解能力”之意，comprehension“理解力”符合题意。故选K项。
17．考查形容词。句意：Pearson教育出版社的一项研究发现，10至24岁的学生往往远离实体书。分析句子结构可知，空前是介词，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，此处表达“实体书”之意，physical“物质的”符合文意。故选C项。
18．考查名词。句意：他们的直接指导在课堂上永远不会被取代。分析句子结构可知，空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词，此处表达“直接指导”之意，instruction“教授”符合文意。故选E项。
19．考查动词。句意：只有当技术以离线无法实现的方式改进课程时，它才会受到青睐。分析句子结构可知，此处需要动词做谓语，表达“被喜爱”之意，空前已有be动词，所以favored“喜爱”符合文意，此处will be和favored构成一般将来时的被动语态。故选B项。
20．考查动词。句意：教师们不仅在努力确保学生能利用新技术，而且还在努力教学生有价值的技能，这些技能可以帮助他们在一个不断试图分散他们注意力的世界中取得成功。分析句子结构可知，空前的to是不定式标志，所以空处应填动词原形，此处表达“试图分散他们注意力”之意，distract“使分心”符合题意。故选D项。
四、六选四
【上海市南洋模范中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】
A. Uniform has to be seen as something that is earned. B. School uniform is also a great tool to prevent bullying. C. Some students complain that school uniform is monotonous. D. In my experience, uniform helps schools maintain authority. E. However, a school should not rely heavily on uniform regulation.
F. Learning to fit in is one of the things being at school that teaches our children.
To Wear or Not to Wear
After a strict head teacher in the U.K. sent 80 students home for uniform violations, the Guardian held a discussion about whether wearing school uniforms makes a difference.
School uniform is very important. It does improve my concentration, because it reminds me that I’m at school to learn. But I’m not sure if that’s because I’m used to wearing uniform and associate my own clothes with free time.____67___If everyone is wearing the same clothes, it’s impossible to make fun of other people’s clothing. I don’t think this ignores a child’s need to express themselves.
-- David Hershman, a student at Stafford grammar school
___68___Students should start school with no uniform. As they progress through the school, they start wearing it. I always think children need to be proud of their school, and uniform is important for that. So, make them earn it! If they let the school down, they shouldn’t be allowed to wear it. Look at the Marines（海军陆战队） they can’t wait to get that beret（贝雷帽）.
--Tim Francis, a former teacher
I have had experience of teaching in both uniform and non-uniform schools. I can definitely see the benefits of students wearing uniform. Uniform can be important in creating a sense of school identity and community. It is often a source of collective pride for students.__69_ Teaching students how to express themselves with confidence, rather than the length of their tie, should be the priority.
--Enayah Byramjee, an educational development director
In a perfect world, school uniform would not exist. Children would express their personalities through their clothes at school, just as they do at home. School wouldn’t impress on pupils the need to wear skirts to a certain length. We don’t live in a perfect world, however.___70___
My house is often filled with uniform-wearing girls. The best thing about uniform, for me as a parent, is the simplicity.
--Joanna Moorhead, a mother of four
【答案】67. B 648. A 69. E 70. F
【解析】本文为新闻报道。在英国一名严厉的校长因违反校服规定将80名学生送回家后，《卫报》就穿校服的必要性展开了讨论。
【67题详解】
根据下文“If everyone is wearing the same clothes, it’s impossible to make fun of other people’s clothing(如果每个人都穿同样的衣服，就不可能拿别人的衣服开玩笑了)”可知，每个人穿同样的衣服就不会因为着装不同而受到嘲笑，因此校服也是防止校园欺凌的好工具。故选项B.School uniform is also a great tool to prevent bullying.（校服也是防止欺凌的好工具）符合语境，故选B。
【68题详解】
根据下文“So, make them earn it! If they let the school down, they shouldn’t be allowed to wear it. (让他们自己去挣得吧!如果他们让学校失望了，他们不应允许穿它)”可知，校服必须被看作是一种努力得来的东西。故选项A.Uniform has to be seen as something that is earned.（校服必须被看作是一种努力得来的东西）符合语境。故选A。
【69题详解】
根据上文“Uniform can be important in creating a sense of school identity and community. It is often a source of collective pride for students”可知，校服对于培养学生的自豪感和对学校认同感很重要，再根据下文“Teaching students how to express themselves with confidence, rather than the length of their tie, should be the priority(教学生如何自信地表达自己，而不是（限制）他们领带的长度，应该是最重要的)”可知，所设空处表转折，选项E. However, a school should not rely heavily on uniform regulation(然而，学校不应该过分依赖统一的规章制度)符合语境，故选E。
【70题详解】
由上文“We don’t live in a perfect world,”可知，我们没有生活在一个完美的世界，在学校里不能像在家里一样可以通过穿衣打扮表达自己的个性，因此我们要教会孩子们遵守校规，故选项F. Learning to fit in is one of the things being at school that teaches our children (学会融入是我们在学校教孩子的事情之一)符合语境，故选F。
五、Translation:
【上海市七宝中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】
76．从长远来看，回收包装对环境有积极的影响。(impact)
【答案】Recycling packaging has a positive impact on the environment in the long run.
【详解】考查名词和固定短语等。分析汉语句意可知，表示“从长远来看”可用固定短语in the long run；表示“回收包装”可用recycle packaging；表示“对环境有积极影响”可用短语have a positive impact on the environment。整个句子可以recycle packaging作为主语，故需用动名词形式，主语为单数，谓语也应用单数形式，此处是在陈述一般事实，用一般现在时即可。故翻译为Recycling packaging has a positive impact on the environment in the long run.。
77．出于防御的目的，当地人花了好几年的时间修建城墙。(purpose)
【答案】For the purpose of defense, the locals spent years building walls.
【详解】考查名词、动词时态和固定搭配等。分析汉语句意可知，表示“出于防御的目的”可用短语for the purpose of defense；表示“当地人”可用the locals，local作为名词表示“当地人”时常以复数形式出现；表示“花了好几年的时间修建城墙”可用固定短语spend time doing sth.，即spend years building walls。结合句意可知，此处表示过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。故翻译为For the purpose of defense, the locals spent years building walls.
78．作为六朝古都，南京无疑是中国最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一。(doubt)
【答案】As the ancient capital of the six dynasties, Nanjing is undoubtedly one of the most popular tourist destinations in China.
【详解】考查短语和时态。ancient capital古都； six dynasties六朝；undoubtedly无疑地；tourist destination旅游目的地。one of + the +形容词最高级+复数名词。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。根据句意以及主谓一致，故填As the ancient capital of the six dynasties, Nanjing is undoubtedly one of the most popular tourist destinations in China.
79．雨天经常发生交通事故，因为有些驾驶员不太注意潮湿的路面状况。(regard)
【答案】Traffic accidents often happen on rainy days because some drivers show little regard to the wet road conditions.
【详解】考查动词、固定搭配、原因状语从句等。分析汉语句意可知，此处可处理为because引导的原因状语从句；表示“雨天经常发生交通事故”可转换为以交通事故为主语的简单句，即traffic accidents often happen on rainy days，主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数；表示“有些驾驶员不太注意潮湿的路面状况”可用some drivers show little regard to the wet road conditions，根据要求，表示“不太注意”可用固定短语show little regard to，主语为复数，谓语动词也用复数。此处是在陈述一般事实，用一般现在时即可。故翻译为Traffic accidents often happen on rainy days because some drivers show little regard to the wet road conditions.
80．尽管存在一些缺点，但网上外卖服务对那些住得离超市很远的人来说非常有用。(despite)
【答案】Despite some drawbacks, online delivery services can be very useful for those who live far from a supermarket.
【详解】考查介词、短语和定语从句。介词despite表示“尽管”之意，后接名词或动名词形式。online delivery service网上外卖服务；be useful for对……有用；far from远离。句中先行词为those，代指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who引导。根据句意，故翻译为Despite some drawbacks, online delivery services can be very useful for those who live far from a supermarket.选词填空+情态动词
词汇填空题语篇一般文章首句不设空；约每隔15-30个词会有一个空；空与空之间有完整意群；方框中词汇难度中高级，以实词为主，即名词、动词、形容词、副词；语法方面考察词性之间关系和句子结构分析能力；逻辑方面考察上下文联系。特别提示：近几年高考词汇题常出现构词法知识、一词多性、一词多义及熟词生义现象。
词性考察 考点分析 做题技巧
名词 1、主要考察名词作主语和宾语 2、注意名词也可作前置定语 1、先判断方框单词的词性词义，注意一词多性和一词多义。 2、精读第一句，掌握文章主题。 3、根据语法知识确定被填入空格词的词性，缩小范围。 4、根据文章理解确定答案。 5、仔细检查，最终敲定答案。
动词 do/does形式： 1、句子缺少一个谓语动词，可根据“谓语动词数=连词数+1”规则判断 2、注意三单和动词及物不及物
doing形式： 1、可能是动名词、现在分词和进行时态 2、动名词主要考察作主语、宾语 3、现在分词主要考察作表语、定语、状语、宾补，注意分词短语作后置定语情况
done形式： 1、可能是谓语动词过去式、被动语态及过去分词 2、若空格前有be动词，要根据句意判断是被动还是表状态的过去分词 3、过去分词主要考察作表语、定语、状语、宾补，注意分词短语作后置定语情况，注意单个过去分词作后置定语的情况，如：left，saved，remained，gained等
形容词 单个形容词作前置定语，形容词短语作后置定语
副词 句子结构完整时用副词，位置可放句首，句中，句末
解题思路一：名词的确定
名词的确定：名词在句子中做主语；名词做动词宾语或介词宾语；注意名词也可作定语。例：
A.natural B.enterprise C.profitable D.intelligent E. cassette F. powder
This _______________ is now on a firm footing and should soon get profits.
解题思路二：动词的确定
动词的确定：动词最容易确定，因为一个句子没有动词就等于没有谓语，是很明显的缺陷。而且动词的关
联性、可比性最差，选这个和选那个有天壤之别。
A. access B. terms C. improve D. amount E. quality F. facility
“The human race will ___________ higher states of awareness, not through external scientific developments, but by taking the journey within," according to the company.
解题思路三：非谓语动词的确定
非谓语动词的确定：动名词作主语、动词宾语和介词宾语、表语、定语。分词作表语、宾补、定语、状语。有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词。例：
A. manufacturer B. adapted C. conflict D. received E. taste F. stranded
Lord of the Flies is a 1954 novel by Nobel Prize-winning British author William Golding. The book focuses on a group of British boys __________ on an uninhabited island and their disastrous attempt to govern themselves.
解题思路四：形容词的确定
形容词的确定：形容词作定语修饰名词。单个形容词作前置定语；形容词短语作后置定语。例：
A. suitable B. unfortunately C. worsen D. afford E. risk F. expensive
“I don’t believe that the online courses for that age group are ____23____. Kids at this age really need that multimodal sensory learning (多模式感官学习).” one parent said.
解题思路五：副词的确定
副词的确定：句子完整，副词可修饰动词、形容词、副词、整个句子、介词短语、不定式、过去分词等；
A. administered B. assess C. evaluating D. externally E improperly
Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. For example, 34 moving a person with a neck injury can lead to permanent health problems.
解题思路六：熟词生义
You need to communicate in a way that 38 their company standards; this will show that you can fit in that organization.（2017春考模拟卷）
A. competitors B. philosophy C. properly D. maximize E. enthusiastic F. candidate G. mirrors H. background I. extremely J. conducted K. cultural
解题思路七：一词多性
These demands must also be balanced with the need to create interiors (内饰) that in some way enhance, establish or promote a company’s image and will enable employees to 49 at their best.
A. access B.alternatives C.designed D. confirmed E. conflicting F. elements G. function H.innovative I.prospective J. separate K. supporting
解题思路八：构词法（派生/转化/合成/缀合）
A. account B. C. appliances D. capture E. decorations F. direct G. experiment H. intended I. operated J. K. squeeze
More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design.
For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user.
A. administered B. assess C. evaluating D. externally E. improperly F. life-threatening
G. measures H. original I. preexisting J. principles K. vital
Next, __（assess）____ the scene, asking other people or the injured person’s family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and __ preexisting___ conditions such as heart trouble. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.
First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist.
解题思路九：固定搭配
在选词填空中，约定俗成的固定搭配不是很多，但对固定搭配的理解很常见。此外，非常重要的一点是注意小品词，即我们通常所说的to, in , on , at ,from等等,某种程度上能给我们选择的提示。如：
1).He believes design must take into the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. （account）（2016高考）
2). Since you really____ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it (commit) (2014高考)
3).The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to ____foods as healthy or unhealthy. (classify) （2014高考）
课堂练习 【上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】
A．bend B．fascinated C．implication D．invites E. resembles F. habitable G. outpacing H. determine I. exploration J. alternative K. colonized
Good evening, ladies and gentlemen:
We’re at a tipping point in human history, between gaining the stars and losing the planet we call home. At the same time as we’re discovering this treasure of potentially 16 worlds, our own planet is sinking. 2014 was the hottest year on record. Glaciers and sea ice are now disappearing in a matter of decades. These
planetary-scale environmental changes are rapidly 17 our ability to alter their course.
I’m not a climate scientist, I’m an astronomer. You could say that I look for 18 alien real estate. Now, as somebody who is deeply 19 in the search for life in the universe, I can tell you that the more you look for planets like Earth, the more you appreciate our own planet itself. Each one of these new worlds 20 a comparison between the newly discovered planet and the planets we know best: those of our own Solar System.
Consider our neighbor, Mars. Though the Martian view 21 the deserts of our own home world, Mars is a pretty terrible place to live considering the extent to which we have not 22 the deserts of our own planet. Even in the driest, highest places on Earth, the air is sweet and thick with oxygen exhaled (呼气) from thousands of miles away by our rainforests.
I worry that Mars and other planets carries with it a long, dark shadow: the 23 by some that Mars will be there to save us from the destruction of the only truly livable planet we know of, the Earth. As much as I love interplanetary 24 , I deeply disagree with this idea. There are many excellent reasons to go to Mars, but for anyone to tell you that Mars will be there to back up humanity is like the captain of the Titanic telling you that the real party is happening later on the lifeboats.
If we truly believe in our ability to 25 the hostile environments of Mars for human habitation, then we should be able to surmount the far easier task of preserving the habitability of the Earth.
小试牛刀【上海市交大附中2022-2023学年高一期中英语试题】
A．agreement B．aware C． communicating D．consider E. conflicts F. gap G. recognize H. reflection I. sharing J. thoughtful K. value
The meaning of silence varies among cultural group. Silence may be 26 , or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every 27 with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs. Many native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of 28 among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these culture is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied is that the person wants the listener to 29 what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for 30 .
Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with 31 among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show 32 between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.
Nurses and other care-givers need to be 33 of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should 34 their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing 35 of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.
一、情态动词基本用法
情态动词 基本用法 例句
can/ could 1、表示能力，可译为“能，会”。 2、表示允许、许可，常用在口语中。could比can语气上要客气。 3、表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。 4、can’t... too… /can’t… enough 再…也不为过。 The cinema can seat 1,000 people. Could/ Can you tell me how to get to the zoo How can you be so careless You can’t be too careful when driving.
may/ might 在口语中可用can, could代替may，但在正式场合用may。表示允许时，也可用might代替，might不表示过去时，而是表示口气比较婉转。 1、表示请求、许可，常译为“可以”。 2、用于祈使句表示祝愿。 May/Can /Could/ Might I have a talk with you May you succeed!
must/ have to 1、must表示有做某一动作的必要或义务，强调主观看法，可译为“必须，应该”。 2、have to表示因客观需要促使主语不得不做某事。 3、mustn’t表示“禁止”；don’t have to意思是“没有必要”= don’t need to。 4、must可用来表示根据逻辑推理必然要发生的事，可译为“必然会，总是会”。 5、must有时可用来表示“偏偏”的意思。 Everyone must obey the rule. My eyesight is very poor. I have to wear glasses for reading. You must keep it a secret. You mustn’t tell anyone.
You don’t have to tell me the secret. Truth must be out. When I was taking a nap, a student must knock at the door.
shall 1、表示征询意见或请求指示，用于一、三人称疑问句。 2、表示说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、威胁、决心”等意思，用于第二、 Shall they wait outside He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. （警告） Nothing shall stop us from carrying
三人称陈述句中。 3、表示强制，用于法令、条约、规章中，意为“必须，应该”。 out the plan.（决心） The interest shall be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.
should 1、表示义务，意为“应该”（某件事宜于做）。 2、常与what, how, why等词连用，表示意外、惊讶等情绪。 3、表示对过去、现在或将来情况的某种推测，可译为“可能、照说应该”。 4、表惊讶、忧虑、惋惜等，意为“竟然”。 One shouldn’t be selfish. How should I know He should be taking a bath now. It’s a pity that you should be so careless.
ought to 1、表示义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务而该做），口气比should稍重。 2、表示推测，暗含很大的可能，可译为“应该是，会是”。 We ought to defend our country. Prices ought to come down soon.
will 1、表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。 2、表请求，用于疑问句。 3、表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。 I will do anything for you. Will you close the window It’s a bit cold. The door won’t open.
would 1、表意愿。 2、表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。 3、表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。 They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. Would you like another glass of beer Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.
used to 1、表示过去的习惯或过去某时期的状况，但现在已不存在。 2、否定：usedn’t to/didn’t use to。 区别： used to表示过去习惯动作或状态，强调“现已无此习惯了”，而would只表示过去的习惯动作，与现在无关，往往要带有一个特定的时间状语。 He used to drink tea but now he drinks coffee.
I usedn’t to go there./ I didn’t use to go there. Did you use to/Used you to go to the same school as your brother We used to play hide-and-seek in the fields. Whenever we were in the country, we would play hide-and-seek in the fields.
need 1、作情态动词： need表示“需要”或“必须”，仅用于否定句 You needn’t come so early. He needs to finish it this evening.
或疑问句中，在肯定句中一般用 must，have to，ought to，或 should代替。 否定：needn’t do 2、作实义动词： 后面接不定式（to do），有人称、数和时态的变化。 肯定：need to do 否定：don’t need to do He doesn’t need to finish it this evening.
dare 1、作情态动词： 主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中，一般不用于肯定句。 2、作实义动词： 在肯定句中，dare后面通常接带 to的不定式；而在否定和疑问句中，dare后面的不定式可以不带to。 肯定：dare to do 否定：don’t dare (to) do —He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he —Yes, he dare./No, he daren’t. How dare you say I’m unfair If you dare come here, I will come to meet you.
二、情态动词表推测
结构 时态 例句
must do be doing have done He must be very lazy for his desk is very untidy. It’s midnight now. He must be sleeping. The ground is wet. It must have rained last night.
may/might may/might not Your math teacher may/might (not) be in his office. I might have lost my watch in the bath room.
can/could can/could not can/could... John walked past me without speaking. He can’t/couldn’t have seen me. He cannot be at home. Can the story be true / Where can (could) they have gone
can/could用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性
As we all know, an experienced teacher can make mistakes.
众所周知，一位有经验的老师也会犯错。
You mustn’t smoke while you’re walking around in the wood. You could start a fire.
情态动词表推测的反意疑问句
情态动词表推测的反意疑问句，以情态动词后的时态为淮，如句子里有明确的时间状语，则以其为准。
You must be hungry now, aren’t you
He must be watching TV, isn’t he
Tom must have lived her for a long time, hasn’t he
She must have arrived yesterday, didn’t she
三、情态动词表虚拟
结构 所用句式 意义 例句
should/ought to have done 肯定/否定/疑问句 本来(不)应该 We should have studied last night, but we went to the concert instead. They shouldn’t have left so soon.
could/might have done 肯定句 本来能够/可以 I could have run 100 meters in 12 seconds. You might have made greater progress. But you didn’t.
need have done 否定句 本不必要 I need not have got up so early.
【课堂反馈】
一、填空
According to the law, people under eighteen __________ not drink or smoke.
It is taken for granted in China that children __________ __________ support their parents.
You __________ not return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.
I went to the doctors yesterday, I had to wait for half an hour before he __________ see me.
I can’t find Mr Smith anywhere in the office building. Where __________ he have gone
We __________ have studied last night, but we went to the concert instead.
They __________ have missed the plane, or perhaps they have been prevented from coming for some reason.
I didn’t hear the phone. I __________ have been asleep.
The regulations state that no one __________ be allowed to smoke in public places.
He had known the matter before you told him, so you __________ not have told it to him.
二、翻译
由于那条狗，小女孩不敢一个人去上学。(dare)
你原本应该警告我们那里有危险但你却没有。(warn...of...)
到去年年底前他肯定已看完教授推荐的所有的书目。(must)
她们中谁可能当过排球教练？(may)【2018春考】
对父母而言，没有什么能与孩子的身心健康相比。(compare)
我每次尝试同表弟讨论他的婚姻问题时，都不得不以吵架告终。(end up)
多吃水果蔬菜，你就不必担心维生素缺乏。(lack of)
一、填空（情态动词运用）
We __________ __________ be careful when we are making friends on the Internet.
Our holidays were ruined by the weather, we __________ just as well have stayed at home!
“You __________ not smoke in the bedroom.” Rose said to her husband and pushed him out of the room.
The importance of saving gas __________ not be stressed too much. Automobiles use up some 70 billion gallons of gas a year.
You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman __________ be so rude to a lady.
—I can hear the water running in the bathroom.
—Yes, Bira __________ be taking another shower.
You __________ feel all the training a waste of time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.
I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She __________ not have spoken at the meeting.
You __________ __________ have adopted different approaches to the problem, but you didn’t.
Since you have made such good preparations, there __________ not be any problem about passing the coming exam.
二、语法填空
【上海市建平中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】
Classic gardens of Suzhou
Fine works of art and architecture form an important part of our cultural heritage. Fortunately, some of these cultural sites 1 (preserve) well since they were unearthed.
Chinese garden design, 2 seeks to recreate miniature natural landscapes, couldn’t be any better illustrated than in the nine gardens in the historic city of Suzhou, Jiangsu province. Suzhou’s classical gardens, 3 buildings and landscape are coupled together, create a harmonious union between man and nature.
The classical gardens of Suzhou are the unification of houses and gardens, and they were meant to be appreciated and lived in as well. A thickly populated city 4 Suzhou often lacks rich natural scenery, and that is why such typical architecture should be found in the city. 5 (improve) their living conditions, certain individuals in Suzhou would attempt to create harmony in their living environment by constructing their homes together with nature.
Founded in the Song Dynasty, Canglang Pavilion has 6 (long) history among all of the existing classical gardens of Suzhou. Naturally well designed, it 7 (call) one of the four best gardens in Suzhou. 8 other three are Lion Grove Garden, the Humble Administrator’s Garden and Lingering
Garden. The masterfully designed Canglang Pavilion looks simple but elegant. Without fancy decorations, it combines buildings with scenery so perfectly and profoundly 9 the whole garden appears to have been formed naturally.
Suzhou’s classical gardens hold high value for the study of Chinese landscape gardening, architecture, culture, aesthetics (美学) and philosophy. All nine of Suzhou’s most famous classical gardens 10 (add) to the World Heritage List by UNESCO in 1997.
三、选词填空
【上海市大同中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】
A．chop B．favored C． physical D．distract E. instruction F. discipline
G. regular H. evolve I. covered J. engage K. comprehension
Today’s students have a problem. They were born into a world where smartphones, social media, and immediate access to the internet are hurting their ability to focus.
Now teachers have a problem too. They find it particularly exhausting to ask students to read complex or long texts without taking 11 breaks. Smartphones have clearly affected the younger generation, but how education should 12 for digital-native students was not something that was 13 when they were getting certified.
A common idea among teachers is that short is good. When students can’t seem to pay attention to long lectures, many teachers simply 14 lessons into smaller chunks. In fact, students need time to 15 with a topic once the teacher introduces it before moving on. Switching between small lessons too quickly could rob them of valuable 16 .
A study from educational publisher Pearson found that students aged between 10 and 24 tend to stay away from 17 books. Therefore, some tech-forward teachers choose to “meet kids where they are” on platforms such as YouTube and Instagram.
Still, while those educators are embracing technology in the classroom to meet students’ needs, they are also finding value in traditional methods, and so suggest a mixed learning approach. Direct 18 from them will never be replaced in their classes. Technology will be 19 only when it improves a lesson in ways that are impossible offline.
Teachers are making an effort not only to ensure that students take advantage of new technologies, but to teach students valuable skills that can help them succeed in a world constantly trying to 20 them.
四、六选四
【上海市南洋模范中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】
A. Uniform has to be seen as something that is earned. B. School uniform is also a great tool to prevent bullying. C. Some students complain that school uniform is monotonous.
D. In my experience, uniform helps schools maintain authority. E. However, a school should not rely heavily on uniform regulation. F. Learning to fit in is one of the things being at school that teaches our children.
To Wear or Not to Wear
After a strict head teacher in the U.K. sent 80 students home for uniform violations, the Guardian held a discussion about whether wearing school uniforms makes a difference.
School uniform is very important. It does improve my concentration, because it reminds me that I’m at school to learn. But I’m not sure if that’s because I’m used to wearing uniform and associate my own clothes with free time.____67___If everyone is wearing the same clothes, it’s impossible to make fun of other people’s clothing. I don’t think this ignores a child’s need to express themselves.
-- David Hershman, a student at Stafford grammar school
___68___Students should start school with no uniform. As they progress through the school, they start wearing it. I always think children need to be proud of their school, and uniform is important for that. So, make them earn it! If they let the school down, they shouldn’t be allowed to wear it. Look at the Marines（海军陆战队） they can’t wait to get that beret（贝雷帽）.
--Tim Francis, a former teacher
I have had experience of teaching in both uniform and non-uniform schools. I can definitely see the benefits of students wearing uniform. Uniform can be important in creating a sense of school identity and community. It is often a source of collective pride for students.__69_ Teaching students how to express themselves with confidence, rather than the length of their tie, should be the priority.
--Enayah Byramjee, an educational development director
In a perfect world, school uniform would not exist. Children would express their personalities through their clothes at school, just as they do at home. School wouldn’t impress on pupils the need to wear skirts to a certain length. We don’t live in a perfect world, however.___70___
My house is often filled with uniform-wearing girls. The best thing about uniform, for me as a parent, is the simplicity.
--Joanna Moorhead, a mother of four
五、Translation:
【上海市七宝中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】
76．从长远来看，回收包装对环境有积极的影响。(impact)
77．出于防御的目的，当地人花了好几年的时间修建城墙。(purpose)
78．作为六朝古都，南京无疑是中国最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一。(doubt)
79．雨天经常发生交通事故，因为有些驾驶员不太注意潮湿的路面状况。(regard)
80．尽管存在一些缺点，但网上外卖服务对那些住得离超市很远的人来说非常有用。(despite)
