专题03 完形填空
目 录
01 挑战真题·查知识漏洞
02 回顾教材·补知识漏洞
回顾知识体系
回顾核心考点
易混易错归纳
03 知识通关演练
【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have ____21____ the course earlier than she did. Her ____22____ came because she was carrying a ____23____ across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her ____24____ when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She ____25____ to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with ____26____. She couldn’t. Bailey then ____27____ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____28____ attention.
Once there, Lenoue was ____29____ and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme ____30____ to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
As for Bailey, she is more ____31____ about why her act is considered a big ____32____. “She was just crying. I couldn’t ____33____ her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”
Although the two young women were strangers before the ____34____, they’ve since become friends. Neither won the race, but the ____35____ of human kindness won the day.
21. A. designed B. followed C. changed D. finished
22. A. delay B. chance C. trouble D. excuse
23. A. judge B. volunteer C. classmate D. competitor
24. A. race B. school C. town D. training
25. A. agreed B. returned C. stopped D. promised
26. A. courage B. aid C. patience D. advice
27. A. went away B. stood up C. stepped aside D. bent down
28. A. medical B. public C. constant D. equal
29. A. interrupted B. assessed C. identified D. appreciated
30. A. hunger B. pain C. cold D. tiredness
31. A. worried B. ashamed C. confused D. discouraged
32. A. game B. problem C. lesson D. deal
33. A. leave B. cure C. bother D. understand
34. A. ride B. test C. meet D. show
35. A. secret B. display C. benefit D. exchange
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. B 31. C 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是在明尼苏达州举行的一次越野赛中，Melanie Bailey背着另一个参赛者Danielle Lenoue过终点线并接受医疗检查的善行义举。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛。A. designed设计；B. followed跟随；C. changed改变；D. finished完成。根据下一段的“carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____8____ attention”可知，Bailey在比赛中背一名参赛者，所以完成比赛晚了，因此句子表示“Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛”。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。A. delay延误；B. chance机会；C. trouble麻烦；D. excuse借口。根据上文“Melanie Bailey should have ____1____ the course earlier than she did”和上一题的解析可知，Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛，她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。A. judge裁判；B. volunteer志愿者；C. classmate同学；D. competitor参赛者。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”可知，她是背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：据当地一家报纸报道，当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候，她前面的一名选手开始痛苦地哭泣。A. race比赛；B. school学校；C. town城镇；D. training训练。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”可知，此处是说“当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候”。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。A. agreed同意；B. returned回来；C. stopped停止；D. promised答应。根据下文“to help her fellow runner”可知，她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Bailey扶着她的胳膊，看看她能否帮助下向前走。A. courage勇气；B. aid帮助；C. patience耐心；D. advice建议。根据上文“Bailey took her arm”可知，此处表示看她是否能在她的帮助下向前走。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受治疗的地方。A. went away离开； B. stood up站起来；C. stepped aside让路；D. bent down弯腰。根据下文“let Lenoue climb onto her back”可知，Bailey弯下腰，让勒诺爬到她的背上。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受治疗的地方。A. medical医疗的；B. public公众的；C. constant持续不断的；D. equal平等的。根据上文“began crying in pain”可知，Danielle Lenoue很疼，所以是要接受治疗，medical attention意为“医疗救助”。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lenoue在那里接受了检查，后来被送往医院，在那里她得知自己的一个膝盖受了重伤。A. interrupted打断；B. assessed评估；C. identified识别；D. appreciated感激。根据下文“later taken to a hospital”可知，她是先接受了检查，再被送往医院，也就是先接受评估。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有Bailey的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站。A. hunger饥饿；B. pain疼痛；C. cold感冒；D. tiredness疲劳。根据第5空前的“began crying in pain”可知，此处表示“如果没有Bailey的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站”。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A. worried担心的；B. ashamed惭愧的；C. confused困惑的；D. discouraged泄气的。根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing”可知，Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A. game游戏；B. problem问题；C. lesson课；D. deal交易，局面。根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing”可知，
Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑，a big deal意为“非常重要的事”。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不能离开她。A. leave离开；B. cure治愈；C. bother打扰；D. understand理解。根据上文“She was just crying”以及Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺。可知，Bailey看见Lenoue哭喊，所以觉得不能离开她。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人，但后来她们成了朋友。A. ride短途旅程；B. test测试；C. meet体育比赛；D. show展示。根据第一段“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”及空前的“the two young women were strangers before”可知，当时是一场比赛，句子表示“这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人”。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：两人都没有赢得比赛，但展示出的人类善良赢得了胜利。A. secret秘密；B. display展示；C. benefit利益；D. exchange交换。根据第二段的“let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____8____ attention”可知，Bailey背着一个参赛者过终点，并背她去接受检查，这展示了人类的善良，故选B。
回顾知识体系
完型填空 考点1词汇复现
考点2习惯搭配
考点3行文逻辑
考点4生活常识和文化背景
考点5瞻前顾后揣摩语境
回顾核心考点
考点1词汇复现
词汇复现包括原词复现、同义词复现、同根词复现、概括词复现以及结构复现等。完形填空所选的文章都是具有逻辑关系、意义相连的语篇，因此，在行文中不可避免地会出现词语的复现、前后同义或反义、相互照应等现象。所以，解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索，如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。但由于我们在做题时不可能总是重复地阅读文章因此，在做完形填空时要培养一种捕捉并记忆相关信息的能力。
（1）原词或同根词复现是指相同的单词或同根词在原文中反复出现，达到衔接文章的目的。
(2)同义词或近义词复现
同义词或近义词复现是指意义相同或相近的单词在原文中反复出现，以达到衔接文章的目的。在做完形填空试题时，就可以利用这种衔接方式找到要填入单词的同义词或者近义词，从而也就找到了试题的答案。这也包括了同源词复现，即相同词根构成的不同词性的单词在文章中反复出现。也技技也特科技技。
(3))反义词复现
反义词复现是指和前文中词义相反的单词在原文中出现，以达到衔接文章的目的。我们可以利用这一衔接手段在文章中寻找要填入单词的反义词。毡枯料技刀O孕技0护老技刀技0少格技
(4)结构复现
有时空格处的信息并不局限于与前一句中某个信息点的重复,可能是与前几句中的某个信息点的重复，也不局限于同词复现或同义复现，甚至连句式结构都非常类似。
考点2 习惯搭配
英语语言中的很多词汇均以短语搭配的形式出现，完形填空中的词汇也不例外。很多时候，在分析语境、理清空白处含义的基础上，利用对词汇前后搭配的分析可以快速、准确地推断完形填空的未知信息。所谓
前后搭配主要是指动词(名词、形容词等)与介词的搭配、动词与其宾语的搭配、句式结构和各种习惯搭配。在解答完形填空题时，充分考虑这些搭配关系，有助于我们做出正确选择。
一、动介搭配
During this period Dale was slowly developing an inferiority complex (自卑感), which his mother knew could ________him from achieving his real potential.
A. prevent B. protect C. save D. free
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. prevent阻止；B. protect保护；C. save拯救；D. free释放。这里考查短语prevent sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事。他的母亲知道这能够阻止他获得他的真正的潜能。故选A。
二、动宾搭配
The squirrels had no __12__ coming up right to me for them.
12．A. business B．fun C．problem D．privilege
【答案】C
【解析】have no problem (in) doing sth做某事没问题。松鼠没什么问题，它们直接就过来吃。business商业，事情；fun快乐；problem问题；privilege特权。
三、介词搭配
1. ____ me, Simon had become a different person.
A. Because of B. In spite of
C. Apart from D. As for
【答案】A
【解析】考查短语辨析以及对语境的理解。因为我的原因，Simon完全变了一个人。 此处A.因为；B.尽管；C.除了……之外；D.至于。根据文意可知选A。
2.who then showed us a poster she had painted the talent show.
A. at B. after
C. for D. around
【答案】 C
【解析】考查介词。根据文章内容，这里是老师拿出一张“才艺秀”做的海报。for意为“为…的；供…的。”。
四、句式搭配
__28__she had a slice to eat，she never __29__ the one on her head. It was a fair __30__—I got a pleasure，and she had yet another tasty treat.
28．A. Even if B．Ever since C．As far as D．So long as
29．A. welcomed B．required C．bothered D．expected
30．A. trade B．competition C．task D．affair
【答案】28-30DCA
【解析】28. D 只要“她”有胡萝卜片吃着，“她”从来就不会为头顶上的东西感到烦恼。even if即使；ever since自从；as far as就……而言；so long as只要。
29. C 参考上题解析。welcome欢迎；require要求；bother操心，烦恼；expect期待。
30. A 这是一场公平交易——“我”获得了快乐，而“她”也得到另一份美味佳肴。trade贸易，交易；competition比赛，竞争；task任务；affair事情，事务。
五、句型搭配
It was then 25 I started to appreciate the tough choices she had to make on balancing family and work.
A. when B. where
C. which D. that
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查的是“it is … that”强调句型，意为“到那时我才开始感激妈妈在权衡家庭和工作时所面临的艰难的抉择。”。
六、习语搭配
“You should mind your own ________！” Diane replied and walked into the gentle waves.
A．business B．swimsuit
C．friends D．parents
【答案】 A
【解析】由前文信息可知，她应该是说“你少管闲事”。mind one's own business意为“少管闲事”，符合语境。
考点3 行文逻辑
完形填空首先考查的就是考生对文章的理解能力。因此考生在做完形填空时，应把它看作一个意思连贯、结构完整的语篇，而不是单项填空。做题时要善于利用段首句或首段最大限度地获取信息。完形填空的首句或前几句话一般都是完整的，为考生提供足够的信息去挖掘文章的思路，而且，这里往往包含主题句，为理解文章大意和主要内容提供必要的线索。此外，完形填空是具有完整内容且按照一定思路发展的文章，各段及各句之间都有逻辑上的必然联系，因此还要注意把握文章发展的基本线索，搞清段与段、句与句之间的逻辑关系。答题时，考生首先要树立起语篇概念，抓住文章主题思想，理清其结构布局， 明辨句子之间以及段落之间的关系，利用句与句、句群与句群之间的逻辑关系解题。句子之间的逻辑关系主要包括：并列关系(连接词有and，while等)；转折关系(连接词有but，however，whereas，nevertheless等)；因果关系(连接词有so，therefore，thus，because, for，since，as等)；让步关系(连接词或短语有though，although，despite, in spite of等)；条件关系(连接词或短语有if，unless, once，provided that，in case of等)；解释关系(连接词或短语有i.e.，that is to say, in other words等)；顺序关系(连接词有before，after，and，first，second，then，next, finally等)。
一、因果关系
(节选) I'd always thought，while slicing up carrots，that the end looked like a cap.__25__one day，just to see what she would do，I gently placed one on top of the groundhog's head.
25．A. While B．Or C．So D．For
【答案】C
【解析】因此，有一天，想看看“她”会怎么做，“我”就轻轻地放了一个在那只土拨鼠的头顶上。前后两句为因果关系。
二、同类关系
(节选)On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for 5 the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket.
A. washing B. using
C. dropping D. replacing
【答案】C
【解析】文中not cleaning up和refusing to do与选项中dropping存在同类关系。另一方面，青少年认为父母因为仅仅是把浴室里的毛巾掉在地上、不清扫房间和拒绝去超市买东西，这些小事而责怪他们而不耐烦。该空要根据连词or和其所连接的“not cleaning up”和“refusing”判断。“乱丢”和“不清扫” 、“拒绝买东西”并列，故选C。
三、相对关系
(节选)Although I would sure carry the pain of 26_______ with me along, Ahmed reminded me of the abundant 27_______ in the world.
26. A. loss B. failure C. fear D. regret
27. A. friendship B. devotion C. kindness D. justice
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义及语境运用。作者虽然还会因为丧夫而悲痛，但心灵得到了慰藉。A. loss丧失；B. failure失败；C. fear恐惧；D. regret后悔。故选A。
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义及语境运用。修理工的举动让作者感觉到了人间的关爱。A. friendship友谊；B. devotion奉献、专注；C. kindness关爱、仁爱；D. justice正义、公正。故选C。
此处26. A. loss 与27.C. kindness 存在相对关系。
四、转折关系
(节选) He couldn’t read his own handwriting. ____ he was a bright student.
30. A. so B. or C. for D. but
【答案】D
【解析】“我们”知道，但是不得不试试。前后是转折的关系，故用but。故选D。
考点4 生活常识和文化背景
跨文化思考意识是中学英语《新课程标准》中要求的基本准则之一。因此考生在备考过程中，应该有意识地利用有关资料，了解一些有关中西方文化差异的知识来完善自己的知识系统。完形填空题中有时就渗透着相关的，如科学、历史、文化、风俗民情等方面的知识。如果考生掌握了丰富的文化背景知识和生活常识，就具备了一定的判断能力，可以大大简化复杂的分析过程和判断过程。这就要求考生平时既要多体验生活，又要扩大阅读面，增强自己这方面的知识储备，避免常识性错误。同时，还要注意中西方文化的差异，避免出现汉语式表达或理解。
完形填空题所选的文章多是具有一定故事情节和教育意义的记叙文，这些语篇都非常贴近学生的生活，涉及日常生活常识的试题就在所难免。所以考生在解题时，可以根据这些常识做出正确选择。
完形填空的语篇信息常交织渗透着各类相关的文化背景知识：有些选项的设置与文化背景有关，这就要求考生有较宽的知识面，同时具备一定的文化意识，特别要有对英语国家文化的敏感性和鉴别力，只有这样才能既快又准确地解题。
考点 5 瞻前顾后揣摩语境
利用语境选词旨在考查考生在语境中熟练运用所学语言的实践技能。完形填空的每一个空白的设置并不是随心所欲的，命题人主要通过上下文暗示出某种信息来保证答案的正确性和唯一性，因此考生应该通过上下文的暗示获取解题信息，因此做完形填空题时一定要“瞻前顾后，前引后联”，充分利用文章所有可能提供的信息解题。在做题时考生还可以利用褒贬性语境及一些语言结构来判定正确答案。任何完形填空文章的语境都具有一定的褒贬性，它反映了作者或主人公特定的情绪状态，并支撑着文意的发展，因此利用褒贬性语境的情感性可以巧妙进行完形填空信息推断。所以考生要在读懂原文、掌握大意的基础上，选语气与文章一致的选项。
通过“顾后信息”解题
众所周知，完形填空的命题不是“天马行空”，更不是“独来独往”，所以正确领会和下文情节的发展发生这样或那样的关系，这就成为寻找正确项的根据。因此，考生需要“顾及”空后的相关信息，从而做出正确的选择。
[典例]Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains. They reached the top__21__，but on their way back conditions were very__22__(difficult)．Joe fell and broke his leg. They both knew that if Simon__23__(continued) alone，he would probably get back__24__(safely)．
21．A. hurriedly B．Carefully C．successfully D．early
[剖析]从空后信息寻找解题根据是完形填空题中最常用的解题方法之一。该题空前谈到他们登山，特别是空后谈到他们返回，只有他们成功地到达山顶才有返回的可能。另外考生需要注意，利用空后信息解题通常指偏靠前面的题目。
[答案]C
通过“瞻前信息”解题
这种情况多出现在文章展开之后，这时前文已经含有丰富的语境信息，设空和前文有逻辑或语境的联系，
这样空前的信息就成为解题的根据。解题时一定要善于捕捉这些重要的信息，以达到解题的目的。
[典例][2016·全国Ⅰ]Once fire and emergency people arrived，Larry and the other man __56__(backed off) and let them go to work. Then，Larry asked the __57__ if he was needed or __58__(free) to go. They let him and the other man go.
57．A. woman B．police C．man D．driver
[剖析]在完形填空的解题中，运用空前信息解题是最常用的解题方法之一。从上文“Once fire and emergency people arrived”可知警察赶到现场。
[答案]B
易混易错归纳
1.熟词生义掌握不全面
1) He looked surprised, but got right to work, trying to find the __________ time.
A. spare B. free C. full D. empty
【解析】A。spare熟义是“抽出时间”，在这里意为“备用的”。
2)Not too long ago, an incident that happened at Walt Disney touched me greatly. A guest told the front-desk clerk she had had a wonderful vacation, but was heartbroken about losing several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet ________.
A. developed B. taken C. washed D. loaded
【解析】A。develop熟义是“发展”，film在此意为“胶片”，develop意为“冲印”。
【易错点分析】所谓的“熟词生义”就是指有些词尽管我们认识，但出现在完形或阅读中如果运用常见的含义来理解的话，会导致理解错误，文不对题，不知所云，这时我们就要换个角度运用这个词的特殊含义来理解。平时要注意这些“熟词生义”的练习、巩固、背诵。
2.忽视语境关系
Larry works with Transport Drivers, Inc. one morning in 2009, Larry was ________ along 165 north after delivering to one of his customers.
A. walking B. touring C. traveling D. rushing
【解析】C。根据Larry的工作性质和下文的deliver可知他送完货后应该是开着车沿看公路行驶。故用travel表示“（以某速度、朝某方向或在某距离内）行进”；而walk“步行”，rush“快速运输，速送”，tour“观光旅行”。
【易错点分析】 近几年高考英语完形的最大特点是重点考查语境理解。所谓语境，就是指文章上下文之间的练习，它包括文章语气的一致性、意思的连贯性、表述的合理性、论证的逻辑性等。正因为完形主要考查学生对语境的理解能力，所以设空的前后多有暗示（后文暗示前文的居多）。做题时，一定要从整体上把握文章的内容，弄清文章的结构和文章的内在逻辑关系，结合语境辨析所给选项，从中选出最符合语境的选项。
3.忽视词汇复现
1)Wise-buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The _________ you go about purchasing an article or a service can actually save your money or can add to the lost.
A. form B. fashion C. way D. method
【解析】C。这里是说购物的方式，自然应选way。上文也出现了way，原词复现。
2)When you revise, you change aspects of your work in response to your evolving purpose, or to include _______ ideas or newly discovered information.
A. fixed B. ambitious C. familiar D. fresh
【解析】D。根据后文的“newly discovered，”选填同一含义的fresh作为正确选项。
【易错点分析】完形的文章虽短，但却是一个意义完整、上下关联的语篇，所讨论的是同一主题，所以行文中的替代现象和词语重复是不可避免的。词汇的复现是指某一词以原词、指代词、同义词、反义词、概括词等出现在语篇中，句子通过这种复现得到了相互衔接。完形的某个空白处的答案可能就是上下文复现的相关词，据此可快速找出正确答案。原词复现、近义词或同义词复现，反义词复现。
4.脱离作者表达的思想情感而主观臆断
I was so surprised that I was speechless. My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape. As a result, at the point in our game when I’d have predicted the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor, it was ____________ 7 to 9 and Ed was leading.
A. mistakenly B. then C. instead D. naturally
【解析】C。surprised一词道出了情况的转折，我们可以看到这时作者用词的转变。made an effort, get into shape等这些褒义词的使用对这些空的选择提到了很好的引导作用。speechless, instead都是由惊讶得出来的。
阅读过程中，要把握文章的语篇情感，尽量与作者产生共鸣，正确理解作者所要表达的思想情感或内心感受。
5.忽视逻辑关系
That holiday morning, I didn’t have to attend school. Usually, on holidays, Mother allows me to sleep in. and I would certainly take full advantage of it. On this particular morning, _________, I left getting up early.
A. otherwise B. therefore C. however D. besides
【解析】C 该提后面的“getting up early”和前面的“sleep in”在行文上形成了对比，前后文之间为转折关系。
【易错点分析】做这类题目时一定要很好的把握上下文的逻辑关系，掌握常见的几种表示转折、让步、条件、因果、并列等逻辑关系的词，再根据上下文语境判断出最佳答案。
6.忽视语法知识和习惯搭配
They told her to stay ________ until emergency personnel arrived, but she thought the car was going to explode……she should not move……
A. quiet B. still C. away D. calm
【解析】B。stay still“静止不动”，根据下文的“she should not move”可知，此处表示它们告诉她要保持不动的状态，直到救护人员到达。
【易错点分析】完形对语法知识的测试重点在名词、代词的数和格、动词的非谓语形式、各种从句、主谓
一致关系、并列结构、倒装结构、动词的时态和语态、虚拟语气等方面，并要注意结合词汇的用法和习惯用语的搭配关系。
7.忽视背景关系
After ________ the British flag at the Pole, they took a photograph of themselves before they started the 950-mile journey back.
A. growing B. putting C. planting D. laying
【解析】C。根据常识，南极地区冰雪覆盖，须要好大的劲将旗插进极地，plant在这里的意思是“安插、插牢”。
【易错点分析】要善于利用背景知识，也就是说利用文章所提供的上下文语境来解题。
8.忽视文化情景和生活常识
Where do you go when you want to learn something School A friend A tutor These are all ________ places of learning. But it may well be that the learning you really want lies somewhere else instead.
A. public B. traditional C. official D. special
【解析】B。结合生活常识，School A friend A tutor 指的应是传统的（traditional）我们可以求教的地方。
【易错点分析】能够积极调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，尤其是东西方文化差异，巧妙地加以运用，加强对题目的分析和判断。
Close 1
（2023届湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学高三5月适应性考试英语试题）“Hey!’ You have a hairless spot on the back of your head!” Mom’s alarmed cry hit me like a shock.
I tried to shrug it off. “It’ll grow back.” I worked to sound 21 .
At first, the loss was minimal. 22 the spot with my fingers became the top priority every day. No new hair, smooth as an egg. Weeks later, the spot was a little larger, and there was still no 23 of any hair poking through the skin. I began to 24 , but continued to try to be cool about it.
As days went by, my hair started to fall faster and more. 25 my fingers through it, I would stare at the alarming quantity of hair in my hands, willing this to 26 happening to me.
We went to see a doctor, who diagnosed my condition as alopecia (脱发症). He recommended an injection to try, which would be 27 to the head skin. I underwent several costly injections over a few months, but in vain.
28 the injection began to trouble my sleep, and we finally had to stop the 29 . My hair still didn’t grow back.
I had to wear a wig (假发) to school every day, worried it might slip one day and that everything would
30 . Though aware that I should 31 the fact to my friends, I was scared, not knowing how they would handle the information. 32 , hesitantly, I told them what was happening after days of struggle. To my surprise, they all thought nothing of it. This was a(n) 33 for me.
I came to realize that what had happened was not my fault, and not something I should feel 34 of. I am learning that being bald doesn’t change who I am, and if I don’t let it affect my self 35 then other people are much more likely to accept me as I am, too.
21．A．mild B．calm C．upset D．relieved
22．A．Checking B．Polishing C．Clearing D．Covering
23．A．sense B．chance C．sign D．way
24．A．wonder B．panic C．swing D．withdraw
25．A．Reaching B．Shifting C．Feeling D．Running
26．A．delay B．avoid C．cease D．keep
27．A．attached B．connected C．guided D．applied
28．A．After all B．Worse still C．In brief D．By contrast
29．A．motion B．procedure C．routine D．mission
30．A．break out B．draw to a close C．fade away D．come to light
31．A．reveal B．restrict C．distribute D．highlight
32．A．Instead B．Furthermore C．Anyway D．Thus
33．A．blow B．credit C．exception D．miracle
34．A．proud B．ashamed C．fond D．guilty
35．A．evaluation B．introduction C．acceptance D．dependence
【答案】21．B 22．A 23．C 24．B 25．D 26．C 27．D 28．B 29．B 30．D 31．A 32．C 33．D 34．B 35．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者深受秃顶的困扰，去看了医生也于事无补，犹豫再三，作者还是告诉了朋友实情，结果朋友都没把它当回事。这让作者意识到不要为自己感到羞耻，要接受真实的自己。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我努力使自己听起来平静。A. mild不严重的；B. calm平静的；C. upset沮丧的；D. relieved放心的。根据上文“Mom’s alarmed cry hit me like a shock.(妈妈惊恐的哭声像电击一样击中了我)”以及“I tried to shrug it off. “It’ll grow back.”(我试图耸耸肩。“它会再长出来的。”)”可知，作者听到妈妈的话努力让自己听起来平静。故选B。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：用我的手指检查斑点成为每天的首要任务。A. Checking检查；B. Polishing抛光；C. Clearing清理；D. Covering覆盖。根据后文“the spot with my fingers”指用手指检查头上的斑点。故选A。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：几周后，斑点变大了一些，仍然没有任何毛发从皮肤中长出来的迹象。A. sense
感觉；B. chance机会；C. sign迹象；D. way方法。根据上文“the spot was a little larger”可知，斑点变大了一些，仍然没有任何毛发从皮肤中长出来的迹象。故选C。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我开始恐慌起来，但还是尽量保持冷静。A. wonder想知道；B. panic恐慌；C. swing摆动；D. withdraw撤回。根据后文but表示转折，可知，作者开始恐慌起来，但还是尽量保持冷静。故选B。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会用手指拨弄头发，凝视着我手中惊人的毛发，希望这种情况不要再发生在我身上。A. Reaching研究；B. Shifting转换；C. Feeling感觉；D. Running奔跑；移动（某物）。根据后文“my fingers through it”指作者用手指拨弄头发，此处run one’s fingers through the hair意为“用手指摩挲着头发”。故选D。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会用手指拨弄头发，凝视着我手中惊人的毛发，希望这种情况不要再发生在我身上。A. delay延迟；B. avoid避免；C. cease终止；D. keep保持。根据后文“happening to me”可知，作者的头发掉了很多，所以是希望这种情况可以停止。故选C。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他建议尝试一种注射，将其用于头部皮肤。A. attached附上；B. connected连接；C. guided指导；D. applied应用；用。根据后文“to the head skin”可知，医生建议把这种注射用到头部皮肤上。故选D。
28．考查介词短语辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，注射开始影响我的睡眠，我们最终不得不停止这一程序。A. After all毕竟；B. Worse still更糟的是；C. In brief简言之；D. By contrast相比之下。根据后文“the injection began to trouble my sleep”可知，头发没有长回来，更糟糕的是，注射开始影响作者的睡眠，故选B。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，注射开始影响我的睡眠，我们最终不得不停止这一程序。A. motion运动；B. procedure过程；C. routine常规；D. mission任务。根据上文“I underwent several costly injections over a few months, but in vain.(我在几个月里接受了几次昂贵的注射，但都无济于事)”可知，注射影响了睡眠，所以最终不得不停止往头部皮肤注射药物这一过程。故选B。
30．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我不得不每天戴着假发上学，担心有一天假发会掉下来，一切都会暴露出来。A. break out爆发；B. draw to a close接近尾声；C. fade away褪色；D. come to light暴露。根据上文“worried it might slip one day and that everything would”可知，作者担心有一天假发会掉下来，将没有头发的部分暴露出来。故选D。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我知道我应该把事实告诉我的朋友，但我很害怕，不知道他们会如何处理这个信息。A. reveal揭示；B. restrict限制；C. distribute分配；D. highlight突出。根据后文“the fact to my friends”此处指把事实揭示给朋友，应用动词reveal。故选A。
32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：不管怎样，经过几天的挣扎，我犹豫地告诉他们发生了什么。A. Instead反而；B. Furthermore此外；C. Anyway不管怎样；D. Thus因此。根据后文“hesitantly, I told them what was happening after days of struggle”可知，不管怎样，经过几天的挣扎，作者还是犹豫地告诉他们发生了什么。故选C。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对我来说是个奇迹。A. blow吹；B. credit信用；C. exception例外；D. miracle
奇迹。根据上文“hesitantly, I told them what was happening after days of struggle. To my surprise, they all thought nothing of it”可知，作者一开始很担心朋友知道后的反应，结果朋友不在意这件事，所以是个奇迹。故选D。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我开始意识到发生的一切不是我的错，也不应该感到羞耻。A. proud骄傲的；B. ashamed羞愧的；C. fond喜欢的；D. guilty内疚的。根据倒数第二段可知，作者不敢告诉朋友，是因为觉得秃头很羞耻。故选B。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道秃顶不会改变我是谁，如果我不让它影响我的自我接受，那么其他人也更有可能接受真实的我。A. evaluation评价；B. introduction介绍；C. acceptance接受；D. dependence依赖。根据后文“other people are much more likely to accept me as I am, too”可知，作者意识到秃头不应该影响自己接受自我，故选C。
Close 2
（2023届湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学高三5月适应性考试英语试题）“Hey!’ You have a hairless spot on the back of your head!” Mom’s alarmed cry hit me like a shock.
I tried to shrug it off. “It’ll grow back.” I worked to sound 21 .
At first, the loss was minimal. 22 the spot with my fingers became the top priority every day. No new hair, smooth as an egg. Weeks later, the spot was a little larger, and there was still no 23 of any hair poking through the skin. I began to 24 , but continued to try to be cool about it.
As days went by, my hair started to fall faster and more. 25 my fingers through it, I would stare at the alarming quantity of hair in my hands, willing this to 26 happening to me.
We went to see a doctor, who diagnosed my condition as alopecia (脱发症). He recommended an injection to try, which would be 27 to the head skin. I underwent several costly injections over a few months, but in vain.
28 the injection began to trouble my sleep, and we finally had to stop the 29 . My hair still didn’t grow back.
I had to wear a wig (假发) to school every day, worried it might slip one day and that everything would 30 . Though aware that I should 31 the fact to my friends, I was scared, not knowing how they would handle the information. 32 , hesitantly, I told them what was happening after days of struggle. To my surprise, they all thought nothing of it. This was a(n) 33 for me.
I came to realize that what had happened was not my fault, and not something I should feel 34 of. I am learning that being bald doesn’t change who I am, and if I don’t let it affect my self 35 then other people are much more likely to accept me as I am, too.
21．A．mild B．calm C．upset D．relieved
22．A．Checking B．Polishing C．Clearing D．Covering
23．A．sense B．chance C．sign D．way
24．A．wonder B．panic C．swing D．withdraw
25．A．Reaching B．Shifting C．Feeling D．Running
26．A．delay B．avoid C．cease D．keep
27．A．attached B．connected C．guided D．applied
28．A．After all B．Worse still C．In brief D．By contrast
29．A．motion B．procedure C．routine D．mission
30．A．break out B．draw to a close C．fade away D．come to light
31．A．reveal B．restrict C．distribute D．highlight
32．A．Instead B．Furthermore C．Anyway D．Thus
33．A．blow B．credit C．exception D．miracle
34．A．proud B．ashamed C．fond D．guilty
35．A．evaluation B．introduction C．acceptance D．dependence
【答案】21．B 22．A 23．C 24．B 25．D 26．C 27．D 28．B 29．B 30．D 31．A 32．C 33．D 34．B 35．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者深受秃顶的困扰，去看了医生也于事无补，犹豫再三，作者还是告诉了朋友实情，结果朋友都没把它当回事。这让作者意识到不要为自己感到羞耻，要接受真实的自己。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我努力使自己听起来平静。A. mild不严重的；B. calm平静的；C. upset沮丧的；D. relieved放心的。根据上文“Mom’s alarmed cry hit me like a shock.(妈妈惊恐的哭声像电击一样击中了我)”以及“I tried to shrug it off. “It’ll grow back.”(我试图耸耸肩。“它会再长出来的。”)”可知，作者听到妈妈的话努力让自己听起来平静。故选B。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：用我的手指检查斑点成为每天的首要任务。A. Checking检查；B. Polishing抛光；C. Clearing清理；D. Covering覆盖。根据后文“the spot with my fingers”指用手指检查头上的斑点。故选A。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：几周后，斑点变大了一些，仍然没有任何毛发从皮肤中长出来的迹象。A. sense感觉；B. chance机会；C. sign迹象；D. way方法。根据上文“the spot was a little larger”可知，斑点变大了一些，仍然没有任何毛发从皮肤中长出来的迹象。故选C。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我开始恐慌起来，但还是尽量保持冷静。A. wonder想知道；B. panic恐慌；C. swing摆动；D. withdraw撤回。根据后文but表示转折，可知，作者开始恐慌起来，但还是尽量保持冷静。故选B。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会用手指拨弄头发，凝视着我手中惊人的毛发，希望这种情况不要再发生在我身上。A. Reaching研究；B. Shifting转换；C. Feeling感觉；D. Running奔跑；移动（某物）。根据后文“my fingers through it”指作者用手指拨弄头发，此处run one’s fingers through the hair意为“用手指摩挲着头发”。故选D。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会用手指拨弄头发，凝视着我手中惊人的毛发，希望这种情况不要再发生在我身上。A. delay延迟；B. avoid避免；C. cease终止；D. keep保持。根据后文“happening to me”可知，
作者的头发掉了很多，所以是希望这种情况可以停止。故选C。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他建议尝试一种注射，将其用于头部皮肤。A. attached附上；B. connected连接；C. guided指导；D. applied应用；用。根据后文“to the head skin”可知，医生建议把这种注射用到头部皮肤上。故选D。
28．考查介词短语辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，注射开始影响我的睡眠，我们最终不得不停止这一程序。A. After all毕竟；B. Worse still更糟的是；C. In brief简言之；D. By contrast相比之下。根据后文“the injection began to trouble my sleep”可知，头发没有长回来，更糟糕的是，注射开始影响作者的睡眠，故选B。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，注射开始影响我的睡眠，我们最终不得不停止这一程序。A. motion运动；B. procedure过程；C. routine常规；D. mission任务。根据上文“I underwent several costly injections over a few months, but in vain.(我在几个月里接受了几次昂贵的注射，但都无济于事)”可知，注射影响了睡眠，所以最终不得不停止往头部皮肤注射药物这一过程。故选B。
30．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我不得不每天戴着假发上学，担心有一天假发会掉下来，一切都会暴露出来。A. break out爆发；B. draw to a close接近尾声；C. fade away褪色；D. come to light暴露。根据上文“worried it might slip one day and that everything would”可知，作者担心有一天假发会掉下来，将没有头发的部分暴露出来。故选D。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我知道我应该把事实告诉我的朋友，但我很害怕，不知道他们会如何处理这个信息。A. reveal揭示；B. restrict限制；C. distribute分配；D. highlight突出。根据后文“the fact to my friends”此处指把事实揭示给朋友，应用动词reveal。故选A。
32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：不管怎样，经过几天的挣扎，我犹豫地告诉他们发生了什么。A. Instead反而；B. Furthermore此外；C. Anyway不管怎样；D. Thus因此。根据后文“hesitantly, I told them what was happening after days of struggle”可知，不管怎样，经过几天的挣扎，作者还是犹豫地告诉他们发生了什么。故选C。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对我来说是个奇迹。A. blow吹；B. credit信用；C. exception例外；D. miracle奇迹。根据上文“hesitantly, I told them what was happening after days of struggle. To my surprise, they all thought nothing of it”可知，作者一开始很担心朋友知道后的反应，结果朋友不在意这件事，所以是个奇迹。故选D。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我开始意识到发生的一切不是我的错，也不应该感到羞耻。A. proud骄傲的；B. ashamed羞愧的；C. fond喜欢的；D. guilty内疚的。根据倒数第二段可知，作者不敢告诉朋友，是因为觉得秃头很羞耻。故选B。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道秃顶不会改变我是谁，如果我不让它影响我的自我接受，那么其他人也更有可能接受真实的我。A. evaluation评价；B. introduction介绍；C. acceptance接受；D. dependence依赖。根据后文“other people are much more likely to accept me as I am, too”可知，作者意识到秃头不应该影响自己接受自我，故选C。
Close 3
（2024·湖北·二模）William Gwyn Thomas, who used to be a dairy farmer in Lampeter, Ceredigion, has been
cleaning trains at Carmarthen station for 25 years.
Gwyn is still working with a team as 21 as ever to clean anywhere between 18 and 26 carriages at night and is proud of what he does. “I didn’t expect I’d still be 22 at 80,” said Gwyn. “But I really love it, and I’ll 23 when I feel I can’t do it.”
Gwyn joined the train cleaning team in the late 1990s. He 24 his long working life to “eating well, not drinking anything 25 than a beer and cutting down on smoking”.
Working from 7:30 pm to 2:30 am, Gwyn and his team clean each 26 from top to bottom, including the cabs (驾驶室), toilets, tables and floors.
The worst 27 tend to be Saturdays, when Transport for Wales (TW) said the toilets can be “ 28 ”, but Gwyn said he takes it all in his stride (泰然处之).
“It’s annoying but there’s no point 29 it because that’s the job and we just have to 30 it,” he said. “Someone has to get it looking nice for 31 again.”
TfW’s cleaning manager Wendy Jones described passionately Gwyn as “part of the 32 of Carmarthen station”.
Wishing him a happy 80th birthday, he 33 , “The standard of work Gwyn puts in night after night is a(n) 34 example to us all on how to show 35 in your work.”
21．A．silently B．gracefully C．energetically D．cautiously
22．A．working B．driving C．learning D．farming
23．A．continue B．concentrate C．hesitate D．finish
24．A．applies B．exposes C．owes D．devotes
25．A．weaker B．stronger C．cheaper D．colder
26．A．room B．department C．hall D．carriage
27．A．cabs B．shifts C．performances D．accidents
28．A．rewarding B．exciting C．challenging D．surprising
29．A．dreaming about B．complaining about C．contributing to D．submitting to
30．A．break away from B．watch out for C．give way to D．get on with
31．A．conductors B．workers C．passengers D．managers
32．A．structure B．reform C．schedule D．platform
33．A．suggested B．added C．questioned D．responded
34．A．true B．poor C．interesting D．hopeful
35．A．depression B．curiosity C．bravery D．pride
【答案】21．C 22．A 23．D 24．C 25．B 26．D 27．B 28．C 29．B 30．D 31．C 32．A 33．B 34．A 35．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是Gwyn和他的团队在晚上精力充沛地清洁车厢，并为自己的工作
感到自豪的故事。
21．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Gwyn仍然和他的团队一样精力充沛地在晚上打扫18到26节车厢，他为自己的工作感到自豪。A. silently安静地；B. gracefully优雅地；C. energetically精力充沛地；D. cautiously谨慎地。根据下文“clean anywhere between 18 and 26 carriages at night”可知，在晚上要打扫那么多车厢，他们得精力充沛。故选C。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我没想到我80岁了还在工作。A. working工作；B. driving开车；C. learning学习；D. farming耕种。根据上文“Gwyn is still working”可知，Gwyn说没想到自己80岁了还在工作。故选A。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我真的很喜欢它，当我觉得我做不到的时候，我就会结束它。A. continue继续；B. concentrate集中；C. hesitate犹豫；D. finish结束。根据“when I feel I can’t do it”可知，当Gwyn做不到的时候就要结束这个工作。故选D。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他将自己的长时间工作生活归功于“吃得好，不喝比啤酒更烈的酒，减少吸烟”。A. applies应用；B. exposes暴露；C. owes归功于；D. devotes奉献。根据下文“eating well, not drinking anything___5__than a beer and cutting down on smoking”可知，他将自己的长时间工作生活归功于后面描述的一些好的习惯。owe to意思为：归功于，固定短语。故选C。
25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他将自己的长时间工作生活归功于“吃得好，不喝比啤酒更烈的酒，减少吸烟”。A. weaker更弱的；B. stronger更强的，更猛烈的；C. cheaper更便宜的；D. colder更冷的。根据下文“than a beer”可知，他不喝比啤酒更烈的酒。故选B。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从晚上7:30工作到凌晨2:30，Gwyn和他的团队从上到下清洁每节车厢，包括出租车、厕所、桌子和地板。A. room房间；B. department部门；C. hall大厅；D. carriage车厢。根据第一空后的“clean anywhere between 18 and 26 carriages”可知，Gwyn和他的团队从上到下清洁每节车厢。故选D。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最糟糕的轮班往往是周六，威尔士交通（TW）表示，周六厕所“很有挑战性”，但Gwyn说他能从容应对。A. cabs驾驶室；B. shifts轮班；C. performances表演；D. accidents事故。根据下文“tend to be Saturdays, when Transport for Wales (TW) said the toilets can be “__8__””可知，最糟糕的轮班是周六。故选B。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最糟糕的轮班往往是周六，威尔士交通（TW）表示，周六厕所“很有挑战性”，但Gwyn说他能从容应对。A. rewarding值得的，有意义的；B. exciting令人兴奋的；C. challenging有挑战性的；D. surprising令人惊讶的。根据上文“the toilets”和下文“but Gwyn said he takes it all in his stride”可知，星期六厕所很有挑战性，但是Gwyn说他能从容应对。故选C。
29．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这很烦人，但抱怨没有意义，因为这是我们的工作，我们必须继续下去。A. dreaming about梦想；B. complaining about抱怨；C. contributing to有助于；D. submitting to屈服于。根据上文“toilets can be “__8__””和“It’s annoying but”可知，星期六的厕所很有挑战性，这很烦人，但抱怨没有意义。故选B。
30．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这很烦人，但抱怨没有意义，因为这是我们的工作，我们必须继续下去。A. break away from脱离；B. watch out for当心；C. give way to让位给，让步给；D. get on with继续做，继续进行。根据上文“because that’s the job”可知，因为是工作，所以就要继续干下去。故选D。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：必须有人把它重新美化一下，以供乘客使用。A. conductors售票员；B. workers工人；C. passengers乘客；D. managers经理。根据上文“Someone has to get it looking nice for”可知，Gwyn他们清洁厕所，是为了焕然一新供乘客使用。故选C。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：TfW的清洁经理Wendy Jones热情地将Gwyn描述为“Carmarthen车站结构的一部分”。A. structure结构；B. reform改革；C. schedule时间表；D. platform平台。根据第二段“clean anywhere between 18 and 26 carriages at night”可知，Gwyn的团队清洁车厢，所以Wendy Jones将Gwyn描述为“Carmarthen车站结构的一部分”。故选A。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他祝他80岁生日快乐，并补充说：“Gwyn夜以继日的工作标准对我们所有人来说都是一个真正的榜样，告诉我们如何表现出对自己工作的自豪感。”A. suggested建议；B. added补充说；C. questioned质问；D. responded回答。根据空后“The standard of work Gwyn puts in night after night is a(n) __14__ example to us all on how to show__15___ in your work”可知，空后内容是他补充说的内容。故选B。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他祝他80岁生日快乐，并补充说：“Gwyn夜以继日的工作标准对我们所有人来说都是一个真正的榜样，告诉我们如何表现出对自己工作的自豪感。”A. true真正的；B. poor穷的；C. interesting有趣的；D. hopeful有希望的。根据上文“The standard of work Gwyn puts in night after night”可知，Gwyn夜以继日的工作标准是真正的榜样。故选A。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他祝他80岁生日快乐，并补充说：“Gwyn夜以继日的工作标准对我们所有人来说都是一个真正的榜样，告诉我们如何表现出对自己工作的自豪感。”A. depression抑郁；B. curiosity好奇心；C. bravery勇气；D. pride自豪。根据第二段“But I really love it”可知，此处表示“对自己的工作感到自豪”。故选D。
Close 4
（23-24高三上·山东聊城·期末）I had not visited Eton for many years. When one day passing from the Fellows’ Library into the Gallery, I caught sight of the 21 of my school friend Digby Dolben hanging just without the door among our most 22 contemporaries. I was 23 arrested and as I stood gazing on it, my 24 asked me if I knew who it was. I was thinking that I must be almost the only person who would know him. Far 25 of my boyhood were crowding 26 upon me: he was standing again beside me in the eager promise of his youth.
This portrait-gallery of old Etonians is very 27 : outstanding distinction of birth or excellent qualities may win you a place there. 28 , how came Dolben there It was 29 he was a poet; and yet his poems were not known. They were carefully 30 by his family and a few friends. Indeed, such of his poems as could have come to the eyes of the authorities who approved of this memorial would not 31 it. There was another 32 — the portrait bears its own certification. Though you might not perhaps understand the poet in it, you can see the soul immersed in deep thought, the habit of stainless (无瑕的) life, of
33 , of enthusiasm for high ideals. Such a being must have 34 remarkably among his fellows. When his early death endeared (使价值更高) his memory, loving grief would generously 35 him the glory which he had never worn.
21．A．statue B．character C．portrait D．theme
22．A．valuable B．distinguished C．familiar D．gracious
23．A．wholly B．partly C．curiously D．secretly
24．A．peers B．chairman C．leader D．companion
25．A．judgment B．thought C．memories D．behaviour
26．A．hurriedly B．freshly C．anxiously D．eagerly
27．A．selective B．splendid C．handsome D．challenging
28．A．Yet B．Therefore C．Thus D．However
29．A．because B．why C．that D．what
30．A．observed B．captured C．illustrated D．guarded
31．A．operate B．promote C．justify D．permit
32．A．appreciation B．reason C．cause D．effect
33．A．devotion B．ambition C．imagination D．symbol
34．A．brought about B．stood for C．stood out D．brought in
35．A．interpret B．grant C．appoint D．identify
【答案】21．C 22．B 23．A 24．D 25．C 26．B 27．A 28．D 29．A 30．D 31．C 32．B 33．A 34．C 35．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者回到多年未到访的伊顿学校，偶然经过图书馆进入画廊时，看到了他的校友迪格比·多尔本的肖像挂在门外，和同时代最杰出的人在一起，这让作者感到困惑。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，当我从研究员图书馆走进画廊时，我看到了我的同学迪格比·多尔本的肖像，就挂在门外，和我们同时代最杰出的人在一起。A. statue雕像；B. character角色；C. portrait肖像；D. theme主题。根据下文“hanging”和“This portrait-gallery of old Etonians is very 7 : outstanding distinction of birth or excellent qualities may win you a place there.”可知，作者看到的是同学的肖像挂在画廊墙上。故选C项。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有一天，当我从研究员图书馆走进画廊时，我看到了我的同学迪格比·多尔本的肖像，就挂在门外，和我们同时代最杰出的人在一起。A. valuable有价值的；B. distinguished杰出的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. gracious优雅的。结合常识和下文“This portrait-gallery of old Etonians is very 7 : outstanding distinction of birth or excellent qualities may win you a place there.”可知，伊顿学校肖像画廊挂的都是杰出的人士的肖像。故选B项。
23．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我完全被吸引住了，我站在那里凝视着它，我的同伴问我是否知道这是谁。A. wholly完全地；B. partly部分地；C. curiously好奇地；D. secretly秘密地。根据下文“I stood gazing on it”可
知，作者完全被其吸引并驻足凝视。故选A项。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我完全被吸引住了，我站在那里凝视着它，我的同伴问我是否知道这是谁。A. peers同龄人；B. chairman主席；C. leader领导者；D. companion同伴。根据下文“asked me if I knew who it was”可知，是同行的其他同伴问作者。故选D项。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：童年时代的遥远记忆鲜活地涌上我的心头，他又站在我身边，热切地承诺着他的青春。A. judgment判断；B. thought思想；C. memories回忆，记忆；D. behaviour行为。根据下文“my boyhood were crowding 6 upon me: he was standing again beside me in the eager promise of his youth.”可知，作者回想起往事，记忆涌上心头。故选C项。
26．考查副词词义辨析。句意：童年时代的遥远记忆鲜活地涌上我的心头，他又站在我身边，热切地承诺着他的青春。A. hurriedly匆忙地；B. freshly新鲜地；C. anxiously焦虑地；D. eagerly渴望地。根据下文“he was standing again beside me in the eager promise of his youth”可知，作者对当年的格比·多尔本记忆犹新。故选B项。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个伊顿公学老校友的肖像画廊是非常挑剔的：杰出的出身或优秀的品质可能为你赢得一席之地。A. selective严格筛选的；B. splendid壮丽的；C. handsome英俊的；D. challenging具有挑战性的。根据下文“outstanding distinction of birth or excellent qualities may win you a place there”可知，只有具有杰出的出身或优秀的品质的人的肖像才能进入肖像画廊，所以肖像画廊是严格筛选的，非常挑剔。故选A项。
28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，多尔本怎么会出现在这里呢 A. Yet然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Thus因此；D. However然而。根据下文“how came Dolben there ”可知，作者对多尔本的肖像挂在这里有疑问，上下文有转折关系。故选D项。
29．考查连词词义辨析。句意：那是因为他是个诗人；然而他的诗却不为人所知。A. because因为；B. why为什么；C. that那个；D. what什么。上文“how came Dolben there ”提出疑问，“he was a poet”下文解释原因，用because引导表语从句，表示原因。故选A项。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们被他的家人和几个朋友小心地守护着。A. observed观察；B. captured捕捉；C. illustrated说明；D. guarded守护。根据上文“and yet his poems were not known”可知，知道多尔本的诗的人并不多，所以只有他的家人和几个为数不多的朋友守护着他的诗歌。故选D项。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，即使他的诗能够进入那些批准这个纪念的权威人士的眼睛，这也不能成为正当理由。A. operate操作；B. promote促进；C. justify是……的正当理由；D. permit允许。根据上文“and yet his poems were not known. They were carefully 10 by his family and a few friends.”可知，多尔本的诗受众很少，不能成为他的肖像被挂在肖像画廊的正当理由。故选C项。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：还有一个原因——这幅画像有自己的证明。A. appreciation欣赏；B. reason原因；C. cause起因，理由；D. effect效果。根据下文“the portrait bears its own certification”可知，这是另一个原因。故选B项。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然你可能不理解其中的诗人，但你可以看到沉浸在深刻思考中的灵魂，
纯洁生活的习惯，奉献精神，对崇高理想的热情。A. devotion奉献；B. ambition抱负；C. imagination想象力；D. symbol象征。根据句中“the soul immersed in deep thought”和“enthusiasm for high ideals”可推知，多尔本追求崇高理想，有奉献精神。故选A项。
34．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这样一个人在他的同伴中一定很突出。A. brought about导致；B. stood for代表；C. stood out突出；D. brought in引进。根据上文“you can see the soul immersed in deep thought, the habit of stainless ( 无瑕的 ) life, of 13 , of enthusiasm for high ideals.”可推知，多尔本是一个在人群中突颖而出的人。故选C项。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的英年早逝使对他怀念价值更高，充满爱心的悲痛慷慨地给予他从未享有过的荣耀。A. interpret解释；B. grant授予，给予；C. appoint任命；D. identify识别。根据“the glory”可知，给予荣耀。故选B项。专题03 完形填空
目 录
01 挑战真题·查知识漏洞
02 回顾教材·补知识漏洞
回顾知识体系
回顾核心考点
易混易错归纳
03 知识通关演练
【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have ____21____ the course earlier than she did. Her ____22____ came because she was carrying a ____23____ across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her ____24____ when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She ____25____ to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with ____26____. She couldn’t. Bailey then ____27____ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____28____ attention.
Once there, Lenoue was ____29____ and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme ____30____ to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
As for Bailey, she is more ____31____ about why her act is considered a big ____32____. “She was just crying. I couldn’t ____33____ her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”
Although the two young women were strangers before the ____34____, they’ve since become friends. Neither won the race, but the ____35____ of human kindness won the day.
21. A. designed B. followed C. changed D. finished
22. A. delay B. chance C. trouble D. excuse
23. A. judge B. volunteer C. classmate D. competitor
24. A. race B. school C. town D. training
25. A. agreed B. returned C. stopped D. promised
26. A. courage B. aid C. patience D. advice
27. A. went away B. stood up C. stepped aside D. bent down
28. A. medical B. public C. constant D. equal
29. A. interrupted B. assessed C. identified D. appreciated
30. A. hunger B. pain C. cold D. tiredness
31. A. worried B. ashamed C. confused D. discouraged
32. A. game B. problem C. lesson D. deal
33. A. leave B. cure C. bother D. understand
34. A. ride B. test C. meet D. show
35. A. secret B. display C. benefit D. exchange
回顾知识体系
完型填空 考点1词汇复现
考点2习惯搭配
考点3行文逻辑
考点4生活常识和文化背景
考点5瞻前顾后揣摩语境
回顾核心考点
考点1词汇复现
词汇复现包括原词复现、同义词复现、同根词复现、概括词复现以及结构复现等。完形填空所选的文章都是具有逻辑关系、意义相连的语篇，因此，在行文中不可避免地会出现词语的复现、前后同义或反义、相互照应等现象。所以，解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索，如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。但由于我们在做题时不可能总是重复地阅读文章因此，在做完形填空时要培养一种捕捉并记忆相关信息的能力。
（1）原词或同根词复现是指相同的单词或同根词在原文中反复出现，达到衔接文章的目的。
(2)同义词或近义词复现
同义词或近义词复现是指意义相同或相近的单词在原文中反复出现，以达到衔接文章的目的。在做完形填空试题时，就可以利用这种衔接方式找到要填入单词的同义词或者近义词，从而也就找到了试题的答案。这也包括了同源词复现，即相同词根构成的不同词性的单词在文章中反复出现。也技技也特科技技。
(3))反义词复现
反义词复现是指和前文中词义相反的单词在原文中出现，以达到衔接文章的目的。我们可以利用这一衔接手段在文章中寻找要填入单词的反义词。毡枯料技刀O孕技0护老技刀技0少格技
(4)结构复现
有时空格处的信息并不局限于与前一句中某个信息点的重复,可能是与前几句中的某个信息点的重复，也不局限于同词复现或同义复现，甚至连句式结构都非常类似。
考点2 习惯搭配
英语语言中的很多词汇均以短语搭配的形式出现，完形填空中的词汇也不例外。很多时候，在分析语境、理清空白处含义的基础上，利用对词汇前后搭配的分析可以快速、准确地推断完形填空的未知信息。所谓前后搭配主要是指动词(名词、形容词等)与介词的搭配、动词与其宾语的搭配、句式结构和各种习惯搭配。在解答完形填空题时，充分考虑这些搭配关系，有助于我们做出正确选择。
一、动介搭配
During this period Dale was slowly developing an inferiority complex (自卑感), which his mother knew could ________him from achieving his real potential.
A. prevent B. protect C. save D. free
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. prevent阻止；B. protect保护；C. save拯救；D. free释放。这里考查短语prevent sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事。他的母亲知道这能够阻止他获得他的真正的潜能。故选A。
二、动宾搭配
The squirrels had no __12__ coming up right to me for them.
12．A. business B．fun C．problem D．privilege
【答案】C
【解析】have no problem (in) doing sth做某事没问题。松鼠没什么问题，它们直接就过来吃。business商业，事情；fun快乐；problem问题；privilege特权。
三、介词搭配
1. ____ me, Simon had become a different person.
A. Because of B. In spite of
C. Apart from D. As for
【答案】A
【解析】考查短语辨析以及对语境的理解。因为我的原因，Simon完全变了一个人。 此处A.因为；B.尽管；C.除了……之外；D.至于。根据文意可知选A。
2.who then showed us a poster she had painted the talent show.
A. at B. after
C. for D. around
【答案】 C
【解析】考查介词。根据文章内容，这里是老师拿出一张“才艺秀”做的海报。for意为“为…的；供…的。”。
四、句式搭配
__28__she had a slice to eat，she never __29__ the one on her head. It was a fair __30__—I got a pleasure，and she had yet another tasty treat.
28．A. Even if B．Ever since C．As far as D．So long as
29．A. welcomed B．required C．bothered D．expected
30．A. trade B．competition C．task D．affair
【答案】28-30DCA
【解析】28. D 只要“她”有胡萝卜片吃着，“她”从来就不会为头顶上的东西感到烦恼。even if即使；ever since自从；as far as就……而言；so long as只要。
29. C 参考上题解析。welcome欢迎；require要求；bother操心，烦恼；expect期待。
30. A 这是一场公平交易——“我”获得了快乐，而“她”也得到另一份美味佳肴。trade贸易，交易；competition比赛，竞争；task任务；affair事情，事务。
五、句型搭配
It was then 25 I started to appreciate the tough choices she had to make on balancing family and work.
A. when B. where
C. which D. that
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查的是“it is … that”强调句型，意为“到那时我才开始感激妈妈在权衡家庭和工作时所面临的艰难的抉择。”。
六、习语搭配
“You should mind your own ________！” Diane replied and walked into the gentle waves.
A．business B．swimsuit
C．friends D．parents
【答案】 A
【解析】由前文信息可知，她应该是说“你少管闲事”。mind one's own business意为“少管闲事”，符合语境。
考点3 行文逻辑
完形填空首先考查的就是考生对文章的理解能力。因此考生在做完形填空时，应把它看作一个意思连贯、结构完整的语篇，而不是单项填空。做题时要善于利用段首句或首段最大限度地获取信息。完形填空的首句或前几句话一般都是完整的，为考生提供足够的信息去挖掘文章的思路，而且，这里往往包含主题句，为理解文章大意和主要内容提供必要的线索。此外，完形填空是具有完整内容且按照一定思路发展的文章，各段及各句之间都有逻辑上的必然联系，因此还要注意把握文章发展的基本线索，搞清段与段、句与句之间的逻辑关系。答题时，考生首先要树立起语篇概念，抓住文章主题思想，理清其结构布局， 明辨句子之间以及段落之间的关系，利用句与句、句群与句群之间的逻辑关系解题。句子之间的逻辑关系主要包括：并列关系(连接词有and，while等)；转折关系(连接词有but，however，whereas，nevertheless等)；因果关系(连接词有so，therefore，thus，because, for，since，as等)；让步关系(连接词或短语有though，although，despite, in spite of等)；条件关系(连接词或短语有if，unless, once，provided that，in case of等)；解释关系(连接词或短语有i.e.，that is to say, in other words等)；顺序关系(连接词有before，after，and，first，second，then，next, finally等)。
一、因果关系
(节选) I'd always thought，while slicing up carrots，that the end looked like a cap.__25__one day，just to see what she would do，I gently placed one on top of the groundhog's head.
25．A. While B．Or C．So D．For
【答案】C
【解析】因此，有一天，想看看“她”会怎么做，“我”就轻轻地放了一个在那只土拨鼠的头顶上。前后两句为因果关系。
二、同类关系
(节选)On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for 5 the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket.
A. washing B. using
C. dropping D. replacing
【答案】C
【解析】文中not cleaning up和refusing to do与选项中dropping存在同类关系。另一方面，青少年认为父母因为仅仅是把浴室里的毛巾掉在地上、不清扫房间和拒绝去超市买东西，这些小事而责怪他们而不耐烦。该空要根据连词or和其所连接的“not cleaning up”和“refusing”判断。“乱丢”和“不清扫” 、“拒绝买东西”并列，故选C。
三、相对关系
(节选)Although I would sure carry the pain of 26_______ with me along, Ahmed reminded me of the abundant 27_______ in the world.
26. A. loss B. failure C. fear D. regret
27. A. friendship B. devotion C. kindness D. justice
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义及语境运用。作者虽然还会因为丧夫而悲痛，但心灵得到了慰藉。A. loss丧失；B. failure失败；C. fear恐惧；D. regret后悔。故选A。
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义及语境运用。修理工的举动让作者感觉到了人间的关爱。A. friendship友谊；B. devotion奉献、专注；C. kindness关爱、仁爱；D. justice正义、公正。故选C。
此处26. A. loss 与27.C. kindness 存在相对关系。
四、转折关系
(节选) He couldn’t read his own handwriting. ____ he was a bright student.
30. A. so B. or C. for D. but
【答案】D
【解析】“我们”知道，但是不得不试试。前后是转折的关系，故用but。故选D。
考点4 生活常识和文化背景
跨文化思考意识是中学英语《新课程标准》中要求的基本准则之一。因此考生在备考过程中，应该有意识地利用有关资料，了解一些有关中西方文化差异的知识来完善自己的知识系统。完形填空题中有时就渗透着相关的，如科学、历史、文化、风俗民情等方面的知识。如果考生掌握了丰富的文化背景知识和生活常识，就具备了一定的判断能力，可以大大简化复杂的分析过程和判断过程。这就要求考生平时既要多体验生活，又要扩大阅读面，增强自己这方面的知识储备，避免常识性错误。同时，还要注意中西方文化的差异，避免出现汉语式表达或理解。
完形填空题所选的文章多是具有一定故事情节和教育意义的记叙文，这些语篇都非常贴近学生的生活，
涉及日常生活常识的试题就在所难免。所以考生在解题时，可以根据这些常识做出正确选择。
完形填空的语篇信息常交织渗透着各类相关的文化背景知识：有些选项的设置与文化背景有关，这就要求考生有较宽的知识面，同时具备一定的文化意识，特别要有对英语国家文化的敏感性和鉴别力，只有这样才能既快又准确地解题。
考点 5 瞻前顾后揣摩语境
利用语境选词旨在考查考生在语境中熟练运用所学语言的实践技能。完形填空的每一个空白的设置并不是随心所欲的，命题人主要通过上下文暗示出某种信息来保证答案的正确性和唯一性，因此考生应该通过上下文的暗示获取解题信息，因此做完形填空题时一定要“瞻前顾后，前引后联”，充分利用文章所有可能提供的信息解题。在做题时考生还可以利用褒贬性语境及一些语言结构来判定正确答案。任何完形填空文章的语境都具有一定的褒贬性，它反映了作者或主人公特定的情绪状态，并支撑着文意的发展，因此利用褒贬性语境的情感性可以巧妙进行完形填空信息推断。所以考生要在读懂原文、掌握大意的基础上，选语气与文章一致的选项。
通过“顾后信息”解题
众所周知，完形填空的命题不是“天马行空”，更不是“独来独往”，所以正确领会和下文情节的发展发生这样或那样的关系，这就成为寻找正确项的根据。因此，考生需要“顾及”空后的相关信息，从而做出正确的选择。
[典例]Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains. They reached the top__21__，but on their way back conditions were very__22__(difficult)．Joe fell and broke his leg. They both knew that if Simon__23__(continued) alone，he would probably get back__24__(safely)．
21．A. hurriedly B．Carefully C．successfully D．early
[剖析]从空后信息寻找解题根据是完形填空题中最常用的解题方法之一。该题空前谈到他们登山，特别是空后谈到他们返回，只有他们成功地到达山顶才有返回的可能。另外考生需要注意，利用空后信息解题通常指偏靠前面的题目。
[答案]C
通过“瞻前信息”解题
这种情况多出现在文章展开之后，这时前文已经含有丰富的语境信息，设空和前文有逻辑或语境的联系，这样空前的信息就成为解题的根据。解题时一定要善于捕捉这些重要的信息，以达到解题的目的。
[典例][2016·全国Ⅰ]Once fire and emergency people arrived，Larry and the other man __56__(backed off) and let them go to work. Then，Larry asked the __57__ if he was needed or __58__(free) to go. They let him and the other man go.
57．A. woman B．police C．man D．driver
[剖析]在完形填空的解题中，运用空前信息解题是最常用的解题方法之一。从上文“Once fire and emergency people arrived”可知警察赶到现场。
[答案]B
易混易错归纳
1.熟词生义掌握不全面
1) He looked surprised, but got right to work, trying to find the __________ time.
A. spare B. free C. full D. empty
【解析】A。spare熟义是“抽出时间”，在这里意为“备用的”。
2)Not too long ago, an incident that happened at Walt Disney touched me greatly. A guest told the front-desk clerk she had had a wonderful vacation, but was heartbroken about losing several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet ________.
A. developed B. taken C. washed D. loaded
【解析】A。develop熟义是“发展”，film在此意为“胶片”，develop意为“冲印”。
【易错点分析】所谓的“熟词生义”就是指有些词尽管我们认识，但出现在完形或阅读中如果运用常见的含义来理解的话，会导致理解错误，文不对题，不知所云，这时我们就要换个角度运用这个词的特殊含义来理解。平时要注意这些“熟词生义”的练习、巩固、背诵。
2.忽视语境关系
Larry works with Transport Drivers, Inc. one morning in 2009, Larry was ________ along 165 north after delivering to one of his customers.
A. walking B. touring C. traveling D. rushing
【解析】C。根据Larry的工作性质和下文的deliver可知他送完货后应该是开着车沿看公路行驶。故用travel表示“（以某速度、朝某方向或在某距离内）行进”；而walk“步行”，rush“快速运输，速送”，tour“观光旅行”。
【易错点分析】近几年高考英语完形的最大特点是重点考查语境理解。所谓语境，就是指文章上下文之间的练习，它包括文章语气的一致性、意思的连贯性、表述的合理性、论证的逻辑性等。正因为完形主要考查学生对语境的理解能力，所以设空的前后多有暗示（后文暗示前文的居多）。做题时，一定要从整体上把握文章的内容，弄清文章的结构和文章的内在逻辑关系，结合语境辨析所给选项，从中选出最符合语境的选项。
3.忽视词汇复现
1)Wise-buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The _________ you go about purchasing an article or a service can actually save your money or can add to the lost.
A. form B. fashion C. way D. method
【解析】C。这里是说购物的方式，自然应选way。上文也出现了way，原词复现。
2)When you revise, you change aspects of your work in response to your evolving purpose, or to include _______ ideas or newly discovered information.
A. fixed B. ambitious C. familiar D. fresh
【解析】D。根据后文的“newly discovered，”选填同一含义的fresh作为正确选项。
【易错点分析】 完形的文章虽短，但却是一个意义完整、上下关联的语篇，所讨论的是同一主题，所以行文中的替代现象和词语重复是不可避免的。词汇的复现是指某一词以原词、指代词、同义词、反义词、概括词等出现在语篇中，句子通过这种复现得到了相互衔接。完形的某个空白处的答案可能就是上下文复现的相关词，据此可快速找出正确答案。原词复现、近义词或同义词复现，反义词复现。
4.脱离作者表达的思想情感而主观臆断
I was so surprised that I was speechless. My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape. As a result, at the point in our game when I’d have predicted the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor, it was ____________ 7 to 9 and Ed was leading.
A. mistakenly B. then C. instead D. naturally
【解析】C。surprised一词道出了情况的转折，我们可以看到这时作者用词的转变。made an effort, get into shape等这些褒义词的使用对这些空的选择提到了很好的引导作用。speechless, instead都是由惊讶得出来的。
【易错点分析】 阅读过程中，要把握文章的语篇情感，尽量与作者产生共鸣，正确理解作者所要表达的思想情感或内心感受。
5.忽视逻辑关系
That holiday morning, I didn’t have to attend school. Usually, on holidays, Mother allows me to sleep in. and I would certainly take full advantage of it. On this particular morning, _________, I left getting up early.
A. otherwise B. therefore C. however D. besides
【解析】C 该提后面的“getting up early”和前面的“sleep in”在行文上形成了对比，前后文之间为转折关系。
【易错点分析】做这类题目时一定要很好的把握上下文的逻辑关系，掌握常见的几种表示转折、让步、条件、因果、并列等逻辑关系的词，再根据上下文语境判断出最佳答案。
6.忽视语法知识和习惯搭配
They told her to stay ________ until emergency personnel arrived, but she thought the car was going to explode……she should not move……
A. quiet B. still C. away D. calm
【解析】B。stay still“静止不动”，根据下文的“she should not move”可知，此处表示它们告诉她要保持不动的状态，直到救护人员到达。
【易错点分析】完形对语法知识的测试重点在名词、代词的数和格、动词的非谓语形式、各种从句、主谓一致关系、并列结构、倒装结构、动词的时态和语态、虚拟语气等方面，并要注意结合词汇的用法和习惯用语的搭配关系。
7.忽视背景关系
After ________ the British flag at the Pole, they took a photograph of themselves before they started the 950-mile journey back.
A. growing B. putting C. planting D. laying
【解析】C。根据常识，南极地区冰雪覆盖，须要好大的劲将旗插进极地，plant在这里的意思是“安插、
插牢”。
【易错点分析】要善于利用背景知识，也就是说利用文章所提供的上下文语境来解题。
8.忽视文化情景和生活常识
Where do you go when you want to learn something School A friend A tutor These are all ________ places of learning. But it may well be that the learning you really want lies somewhere else instead.
A. public B. traditional C. official D. special
【解析】B。结合生活常识，School A friend A tutor 指的应是传统的（traditional）我们可以求教的地方。
【易错点分析】能够积极调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，尤其是东西方文化差异，巧妙地加以运用，加强对题目的分析和判断。
Close 1（2023届湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学高三5月适应性考试英语试题）“Hey!’ You have a hairless spot on the back of your head!” Mom’s alarmed cry hit me like a shock.
I tried to shrug it off. “It’ll grow back.” I worked to sound 21 .
At first, the loss was minimal. 22 the spot with my fingers became the top priority every day. No new hair, smooth as an egg. Weeks later, the spot was a little larger, and there was still no 23 of any hair poking through the skin. I began to 24 , but continued to try to be cool about it.
As days went by, my hair started to fall faster and more. 25 my fingers through it, I would stare at the alarming quantity of hair in my hands, willing this to 26 happening to me.
We went to see a doctor, who diagnosed my condition as alopecia (脱发症). He recommended an injection to try, which would be 27 to the head skin. I underwent several costly injections over a few months, but in vain.
28 the injection began to trouble my sleep, and we finally had to stop the 29 . My hair still didn’t grow back.
I had to wear a wig (假发) to school every day, worried it might slip one day and that everything would 30 . Though aware that I should 31 the fact to my friends, I was scared, not knowing how they would handle the information. 32 , hesitantly, I told them what was happening after days of struggle. To my surprise, they all thought nothing of it. This was a(n) 33 for me.
I came to realize that what had happened was not my fault, and not something I should feel 34 of. I am learning that being bald doesn’t change who I am, and if I don’t let it affect my self 35 then other people are much more likely to accept me as I am, too.
21．A．mild B．calm C．upset D．relieved
22．A．Checking B．Polishing C．Clearing D．Covering
23．A．sense B．chance C．sign D．way
24．A．wonder B．panic C．swing D．withdraw
25．A．Reaching B．Shifting C．Feeling D．Running
26．A．delay B．avoid C．cease D．keep
27．A．attached B．connected C．guided D．applied
28．A．After all B．Worse still C．In brief D．By contrast
29．A．motion B．procedure C．routine D．mission
30．A．break out B．draw to a close C．fade away D．come to light
31．A．reveal B．restrict C．distribute D．highlight
32．A．Instead B．Furthermore C．Anyway D．Thus
33．A．blow B．credit C．exception D．miracle
34．A．proud B．ashamed C．fond D．guilty
35．A．evaluation B．introduction C．acceptance D．dependence
Close 2
（2023届湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学高三5月适应性考试英语试题）“Hey!’ You have a hairless spot on the back of your head!” Mom’s alarmed cry hit me like a shock.
I tried to shrug it off. “It’ll grow back.” I worked to sound 21 .
At first, the loss was minimal. 22 the spot with my fingers became the top priority every day. No new hair, smooth as an egg. Weeks later, the spot was a little larger, and there was still no 23 of any hair poking through the skin. I began to 24 , but continued to try to be cool about it.
As days went by, my hair started to fall faster and more. 25 my fingers through it, I would stare at the alarming quantity of hair in my hands, willing this to 26 happening to me.
We went to see a doctor, who diagnosed my condition as alopecia (脱发症). He recommended an injection to try, which would be 27 to the head skin. I underwent several costly injections over a few months, but in vain.
28 the injection began to trouble my sleep, and we finally had to stop the 29 . My hair still didn’t grow back.
I had to wear a wig (假发) to school every day, worried it might slip one day and that everything would 30 . Though aware that I should 31 the fact to my friends, I was scared, not knowing how they would handle the information. 32 , hesitantly, I told them what was happening after days of struggle. To my surprise, they all thought nothing of it. This was a(n) 33 for me.
I came to realize that what had happened was not my fault, and not something I should feel 34 of. I am learning that being bald doesn’t change who I am, and if I don’t let it affect my self 35 then other people are much more likely to accept me as I am, too.
21．A．mild B．calm C．upset D．relieved
22．A．Checking B．Polishing C．Clearing D．Covering
23．A．sense B．chance C．sign D．way
24．A．wonder B．panic C．swing D．withdraw
25．A．Reaching B．Shifting C．Feeling D．Running
26．A．delay B．avoid C．cease D．keep
27．A．attached B．connected C．guided D．applied
28．A．After all B．Worse still C．In brief D．By contrast
29．A．motion B．procedure C．routine D．mission
30．A．break out B．draw to a close C．fade away D．come to light
31．A．reveal B．restrict C．distribute D．highlight
32．A．Instead B．Furthermore C．Anyway D．Thus
33．A．blow B．credit C．exception D．miracle
34．A．proud B．ashamed C．fond D．guilty
35．A．evaluation B．introduction C．acceptance D．dependence
Close 3
（2024·湖北·二模）William Gwyn Thomas, who used to be a dairy farmer in Lampeter, Ceredigion, has been cleaning trains at Carmarthen station for 25 years.
Gwyn is still working with a team as 21 as ever to clean anywhere between 18 and 26 carriages at night and is proud of what he does. “I didn’t expect I’d still be 22 at 80,” said Gwyn. “But I really love it, and I’ll 23 when I feel I can’t do it.”
Gwyn joined the train cleaning team in the late 1990s. He 24 his long working life to “eating well, not drinking anything 25 than a beer and cutting down on smoking”.
Working from 7:30 pm to 2:30 am, Gwyn and his team clean each 26 from top to bottom, including the cabs (驾驶室), toilets, tables and floors.
The worst 27 tend to be Saturdays, when Transport for Wales (TW) said the toilets can be “ 28 ”, but Gwyn said he takes it all in his stride (泰然处之).
“It’s annoying but there’s no point 29 it because that’s the job and we just have to 30 it,” he said. “Someone has to get it looking nice for 31 again.”
TfW’s cleaning manager Wendy Jones described passionately Gwyn as “part of the 32 of Carmarthen station”.
Wishing him a happy 80th birthday, he 33 , “The standard of work Gwyn puts in night after night is a(n) 34 example to us all on how to show 35 in your work.”
21．A．silently B．gracefully C．energetically D．cautiously
22．A．working B．driving C．learning D．farming
23．A．continue B．concentrate C．hesitate D．finish
24．A．applies B．exposes C．owes D．devotes
25．A．weaker B．stronger C．cheaper D．colder
26．A．room B．department C．hall D．carriage
27．A．cabs B．shifts C．performances D．accidents
28．A．rewarding B．exciting C．challenging D．surprising
29．A．dreaming about B．complaining about C．contributing to D．submitting to
30．A．break away from B．watch out for C．give way to D．get on with
31．A．conductors B．workers C．passengers D．managers
32．A．structure B．reform C．schedule D．platform
33．A．suggested B．added C．questioned D．responded
34．A．true B．poor C．interesting D．hopeful
35．A．depression B．curiosity C．bravery D．pride
Close 4
（23-24高三上·山东聊城·期末）I had not visited Eton for many years. When one day passing from the Fellows’ Library into the Gallery, I caught sight of the 21 of my school friend Digby Dolben hanging just without the door among our most 22 contemporaries. I was 23 arrested and as I stood gazing on it, my 24 asked me if I knew who it was. I was thinking that I must be almost the only person who would know him. Far 25 of my boyhood were crowding 26 upon me: he was standing again beside me in the eager promise of his youth.
This portrait-gallery of old Etonians is very 27 : outstanding distinction of birth or excellent qualities may win you a place there. 28 , how came Dolben there It was 29 he was a poet; and yet his poems were not known. They were carefully 30 by his family and a few friends. Indeed, such of his poems as could have come to the eyes of the authorities who approved of this memorial would not 31 it. There was another 32 — the portrait bears its own certification. Though you might not perhaps understand the poet in it, you can see the soul immersed in deep thought, the habit of stainless (无瑕的) life, of 33 , of enthusiasm for high ideals. Such a being must have 34 remarkably among his fellows. When his early death endeared (使价值更高) his memory, loving grief would generously 35 him the glory which he had never worn.
21．A．statue B．character C．portrait D．theme
22．A．valuable B．distinguished C．familiar D．gracious
23．A．wholly B．partly C．curiously D．secretly
24．A．peers B．chairman C．leader D．companion
25．A．judgment B．thought C．memories D．behaviour
26．A．hurriedly B．freshly C．anxiously D．eagerly
27．A．selective B．splendid C．handsome D．challenging
28．A．Yet B．Therefore C．Thus D．However
29．A．because B．why C．that D．what
30．A．observed B．captured C．illustrated D．guarded
31．A．operate B．promote C．justify D．permit
32．A．appreciation B．reason C．cause D．effect
33．A．devotion B．ambition C．imagination D．symbol
34．A．brought about B．stood for C．stood out D．brought in
35．A．interpret B．grant C．appoint D．identify
