专题02 阅读理解七选五
目 录
01 挑战真题·查知识漏洞
02 回顾教材·补知识漏洞
回顾知识体系
回顾核心考点
易混易错归纳
03 知识通关演练
Passage1
【2023年全国甲卷】Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person
Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common There is one answer. ___16___.
In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.
●Practice gratitude (感激)
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. ___17___. “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California.
● Make yourself wait
Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. ___18___. Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations.
● ___19___.
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “___20___.” You’ll then gradually become more patient.
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patience
F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
【答案】16. G 17. E 18. B 19. C 20. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了变得耐心的一些方法。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common There’s one answer. (这里有一个谜语：交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期开始有什么共同之处？答案只有一个)”可知，本句说明上文谜语的答案，结合“交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期”这些情况可知都需要耐心。故G选项“在这些情况下，我们都需要一点额外的耐心”符合语境，故选G。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.(感恩有很多好处：研究表明，感恩让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚至更乐观)”以及后文““Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. (加州大学的研究员叶丽说：“表达感激可以培养自我控制能力。”)”可知，上文提到了感恩的诸多好处，可知本句继续说明感恩的好处：它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心。E选项中It指代上文Thankfulness。故E选项“它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心”符合语境，故选E。
【18题详解】
根据上文“And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. (我们养成等待习惯的唯一方法就是练习)”以及后文“Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. (把你最喜欢的节目推迟到周末再看，或者多等10分钟再去吃蛋糕)”可知，后文列举的事情都是日常的小事，说明要从小事开始练习等待，故B选项“从小任务开始”符合语境，故选B。
【19题详解】
根据本段内容“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. (我们中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心)”可知，本段提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨与接受不舒适相关，C选项中uncomfortable对应后文comfortable。故C选项“接受不舒服”符合语境，故选C。
【20题详解】
根据上文“You should learn to say to yourself (你应该学会对自己说……)”以及后文“You’ll then gradually
become more patient. (然后你会逐渐变得更有耐心)”结合本段主要说明的是不舒服的状态，可知，本句为对自己所说的话与接受不舒服相关，故F选项“这仅仅是不舒服，而不是无法忍受”符合语境，故选F。
Passage2
【2023年全国乙卷】Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. ____16____, but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.
What are indoor plants
Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. ____17____.
Why are indoor plants good for you
Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “____18____. I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. ____19____.
Which plants can you grow
Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “____20____,” Spoelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”
A. All plants are different
B. Not only do they look beautiful
C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer
E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best
F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
【答案】16. B 17. D 18. C 19. E 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是室内植物、室内植物带来的好处及你能种植哪些室内植物。
【16题详解】
根据下文“but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory.(而且研究表明，它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助增强记忆力来促进人们的健康)”可知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成not only…but“不仅……而且……”结构。由此可知，B. Not only do they look beautiful(它们不仅看起来很漂亮)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter.(这些品种中的许多都不适合在英国户外生长，尤其是在冬天)”可知，有些植物不适合在户外寒冷的环境中生长，即适合在温暖的地方生长。由此可知，D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer(相反，它们在温暖的室内生长得更好)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选D。
【18题详解】
根据下文“I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.(我发现在冬天的几个月里，房子周围的植物真的能提升你的情绪)”可知，室内植物对人有好处。由此可知，C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors(在室内种植植物有很多好处)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选C。
【19题详解】
根据上文“There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.(也有研究表明，盆栽植物可以通过去除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气。它们还能去除油漆或烹饪中的一些有害化学物质)”可知，盆栽植物能够清除有害物质。由此可知，E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best(像和平百合和魔芋之类的植物是最好的)能够承接上文，列举了在这方面做的最好的植物，符合语境。故选E。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature-which is part of the joy of owning plants.(年轻的植物通常比成熟的植物便宜，而且你可以在它们成熟时照顾它们——这是拥有植物的乐趣之一)”可知，不同的植物需求是不同的。由此可知，G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding(了解每种植物的需求是非常有益的)能够承接上文，同时引起下文，下文“It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”(它可以为人们的生活带来新的兴趣和焦点，并有助于建立家庭与自然之间的联系。)”具体介绍了了解每种植物的需求的好处。故选G。
回顾知识体系
回顾核心考点
考点1 段首设空题
七选五中常见关键词的种类有:
相同词 2近义词 3反义词4.同根词5.同畴词 6.代词
利用这些关键词在上下文不同的位置对同一概念或事物进行描述，这种方法称为关键词法。
1.代词线索
代词的使用主要是为了避免重复。代词一般用于指代前面提到的人或物，有时也用于指代前面提到的名词或概念。巧妙利用这样的指代关系可以帮助我们理解文章内容并选出正确答案。常用代词的指代意义：
①it=单数/不可数名词或整个句子
②they/them=复数名词
③ones=泛指的复数名词
④one=泛指的单数可数名词
⑤that=特指的单数/不可数名词
⑥this=单数名词或句子
⑦these/those=特指的复数名词
2.词汇复现
词汇复现是指词语的重复出现，但这里不是指简单的原词重现，而是指某词语可能以不同词类、词性、数、格、时态、语态等形式出现，还可能以同义词、近义词、上下义词甚至反义词等形式出现。
考点2 段中设空题
从逻辑关系上来看，句子之间有并列、递进、顺承、转折、类比、对比、解释、因果、例证等关系，有时甚至包含不止一种关系。因此，理解七选五的材料时一定要把握文章脉络，弄清其中的逻辑关系。如果文中或选项中出现了逻辑关系词，考生可以利用其进行推理判断；如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词，考生需要全面理解文章大意，根据上下文语境弄清文章内在的逻辑关系，作出正确的判断。
易混易错归纳
易错点 无法快速锁定七选五解题信息
典例1
Specifically，citizen science is when the public voluntarily helps conduct scientific research. Citizen scientists may design experiments, collect data, analyze results, and solve problems. 1 These data help professional scientists and resource managers answer scientific questions and solve
important problems.And the activity helps participants build meaningful connections to science.
Anyone can be a citizen scientist, regardless of where they're from. 2 All it take is some time,curiosity , and a sense of wonder.
Why does the national parks support citizen science For two reasons - good management of parks , and good experiences for visitors.
___3 Sometimes the best way to get that information is through citizen science projects. For example, managers might need to know when certain kinds of plants bloom.Data on flower timing can help them know which butterflies need special protection. They might not have enough time to count all those flowers across the park. But hundreds of visitors hiking in the park can do.
Citizen science is also a way for visitors to enjoy and learn about science and their parks. 4
Citizen science helps the national parks fill that role. One of the best ways to learn science is to do science. And by doing science, people can appreciate their parks in new ways.
For most projects in national parks , it's the professional scientists and managers who decide what topic is important, how to study it, and how to use the results. The public -who may range from park visitors to student groups or local community members - is invited, encouraged, and enabled to participate. 5
There are many citizen science park projects , and there will be more in the future.
A. They typically do so by collecting data.
B. In national parks, most citizen scientists collect data.
C.And these participants can use their own way to study
D. It doesn't matter how old you are or what your background is.
E. There is a lot of information about the role of citizen scientists.
F.The national parks have a public education role and responsibility.
G. For good management, the parks use the best available scientific information.
分析
Step 1 快速浏览,确定话题
快速浏览全文并结合文章首句可知,本文主要介绍了公民科学的相关信息。
Step 2 剖析选项,提炼核心
A.他们通常通过收集数据来做到这一点。核心点 通过收集数据来做so 指代的事情
B.在国家公园里,大多数公民科学家都会收集数据。核心点 参与项目的方式: 收集数据
C.这些参与者可以用他们自己的方式来研究。核心点 参与项目的方式: 用自己的方式
D.这与你的年龄和背景无关。核心点 参加条件:人人皆可
E.有很多关于公民科学家的作用的信息。核心点 有关公民科学象作用的信息
F.国家公园有公共教育的职能和责任。核心点，国象公园的职责: 公共教有
G.为了良好的管理，公园会利用可获得的最好的科学信息。核心点 为了良好的管理的做法Step 3 通读全文,逐项分析
1.B 空前一句指出"公民科学家可以设计实验、收集数据、分析结果并解决问题”,空后一句指出"这些数据可以帮助专业的科学家和资源管理人员回答科学的问题并解决重大问题”,因此空处应该涉及公民科学家收集数据（B项核心点）。空后的 These data 指代 B 项中的 data。
【易错】 该题易错选A。 虽然A 项中也出现了"collecting data”，但是A 项中的”so"如果指代一中的" design experiments, collect data, analyze results, and solve problems" ，逻辑上是讲不通的，因为不可能"通过收集数据”来做到"收集数据”，故排除。
2.D 空前句提到任何人都可以成为公民科学家,空后句提到只需要一些时间、好奇心和求知欲因此空处承接上文,引出下文,应该涉及成为公民科学家的条件。（D 项核心点）
【解题线索】 D 项中的"It doesn't matter how old you are or what your background is" 和空处前面"Anyone can be a citizen scientist"相吻合
3.G 第三段提到,国家公园支持公民科学的两个原因分别是:公园良好的管理和游客愉快的体验。第四段对第一个原因进行了阐述,再根据空后的"that information"可知,空处应该提到公园管理需要的信息,由此推断空处应涉及为了更好地管理公园所需要的信息。（G 项核心点）
【解题线索】G选项中的"good management"和第三段中的"good management"照应;"the besavailable scientific information" 和空后" that information" 相照应。
4.F 根据后句"Citizen science helps the national parks fill that role"判断,设空处应该和国家公园的任务、角色有关。（F项核心点）
【解题线索】F 项中的"a public education role and responsibility"和空后的"that role" 相照应。
5.A 空前句提到公众被鼓励去参与科学项目，后句应该提到他们如何参与。A 项中的”do so”指的就是"participate"。（A 项核心点）
【易错】 该题易错选C。 因为该选项也涉及公民科学家参与项目的方式，但根据末段的等 " For most projects in national parks , it's the professional scientists and managers who decide what topic is important, how to study it, and how to use the results" 可知，研究内容、方式和结果的应用是由专业的科学家和管理人员决定的，与C须表达不符，做排除。
典例2
Honesty is important. However, not everyone seems to think so. Lies and the hiding of truth are commonplace. But when examining the case for honesty, you realize it's a better option. Here are the reasons why thevalue of honesty is beyond measure.
It is easier to understand. 1 The other person doesn't have to second-guess what you really mean. And with clarity comes a better understanding of your expectations of them.They know what you would actually like them to do.
You are more likely to get what you want. We often hide our true desires or preferencesrather than speak out the truth. But when we are completely honest with ourselves andothers, we encourage the right actions that lead to what we want. 2 You may not get your way every time. But at least you'll get your way sometimes or a middle ground will be reached that suits you both.
___3 There is no need to remember what you lied about and to whom. You can be confident that you have said what was true in the moment you said it. Now, don't confuse simple with easy. Being honest is not always easy. 4
It is better for your inner peace. Lying doesn't come easy for most people. When you cheat others , it can feel like you are going against your values. Not only that, but as soon ayou lie, you will live with the fear of that lie being discovered. That's a mentally tiring thing. ___5 Of course, you may feel slightly bad if you have to tell someone an uncomfortable truth , but that won't last long.
A. Telling the truth is simple.
B. It is the best way to prove your honesty.
C. Instead, it is so hard that no one can do it.
D. When we speak up, the other person is more likely to listen.
E. Honesty, though not always easy , doesn't carry such burdens.
F. When you are clear in what you think , there's no grey area for confusion.
G. Actually , it can be hard when you tell others what they don't want to hear.
分析
Step 1 快速浏览,确定话题
快速浏览全文并结合文章首段可知,本文主要说明了诚实很重要。
Step 2剖析选项 , 提炼核心
A.说实话很简单。核心点 说实话的特点:简单
B.这是证明你诚实的最好方法。 核心点 证明你诚实
C.相反,它太难了,没有人能做到。核心点 太难，没有人能做到
D.当我们明确表态时，对方更有可能倾听。核心点 诚实表达的益处: 对方更有可能倾听
F.诚实,虽然不总是容易的,但不会有这样的负担。核心点 诚突不会有”such burdens'
F.当你清楚自己的想法时,就没有困惑的灰色地带。核心点 明确自己的想法后，没有困惑
G.实际上,当你告诉别人他们不想听的话时,会很困难。核心点 告诉别人他们不想听的话很困难
Step 3 通读全文,逐项分析3
1.F 空前说这样(诚实)更容易理解,空后指出,对方不需要揣测你的真正意思,就能更好地理解你对他们的期望,他们知道你想让他们做什么,这些说的都是诚实的益处:对方清楚地知道你的想法。空后的"with clarity"与P项中的"you are clear in what you think"呼应。F项核心点
2.D 本段首句指出诚实的价值之一:你更有可能得到你想要的。然后介绍了人们通常的做法:我们经常隐藏我们真实的欲望或喜好,而不是说出真相。接着话锋一转,指出当我们对自己和他人完全诚实时,我们就会鼓励正确的行为,从而达到我们想要的结果;空后指出诚实的益处:至少有时你会达到你的目的或者达成一个对你们双方都合适的中间立场。由此可推出,空处应该会具体说明说出事实的益处。D 项的"speak up"是"speak out the truth"的复现,"the other person is more likely to listen”则是诚实表达带来的益处。D项核心点
【易错】 部分考生依据第一段首句"Honesty is important"确文章中心和"honesty"有关，再结合空前的句子" But when we are completely honest with ourselves and others, we encourage the righactions that lead to what we want”认为这样做能证明我们的诚实，忽视了与后文的联象，没有确锁免解履信息，因此错选 B 项。
3.A 根据下文的"There is no need to remember...you saidt"可知,没有必要记住你撒了什么谎以及对谁撒了谎，你可以确信你所说的话是真实的;接着又说"Now，don't confuse simple with easy' 不要把简单和容易混淆;由此可知,空处提到了诚实是简单的。A项核心点
【易错】 部分考生依据该段中的” Being honest is not always easy"，误以为该段主要讲“诚实并总是很容易”。E项中的"though not always easy"与此匹配，因此错选E项，忽略了E项中"such burdens”在该段中没有具体的呼应对象。
G 根据空格前的"Being honest is not always easy”可知,下文应该具体会讲"诚实有时也挺难G项核心点 G 项"Actually,it can be hard when you tell others what they don't want to hear"符合行文逻辑,而且说明了在什么情况下要做到诚实很难。
【易错】 部分考生根据空格前的"Being honest is not always easy”判断，接下来立该讲“诚实很难”，看到C项中的"it is so hard that no one can do it"就误选C项。C 项虽然也出现了“hard”但“no one can do it"这一表达太绝对，和事实不相符。
E 空前说,说谎对大多数人来说并不容易,当你欺骗别人时,你会觉得自己违背了自己的价观;一旦你说谎,你就会生活在谎言被发现的恐惧中。这些说的都是不诚实带给自己的心理负担。空后转而说了诚实的心理表现:你可能会觉得说出令人不舒服的真相有点难受,但这不会持续太久。结合本段的主题句"这(诚实)对你内心的平静更有好处"可知,空处应该是说诚实不会有这样的负担。E 项中的"such burdens"与空前的描述相呼应E
项核心点
易错快攻
阅读理解七选五这一题型主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握，所以快速而准确地把握文章中心，分析段落结构，理清逻辑关系对于快速锁定解题信息是至关重要的。
通常考生会通过词汇衔接来锁定选项，如词汇的复现、代词的指代等，这些技巧确实能帮助考生快速地解题。 但考生根据词汇街接手段解题，会发现一些核心点相似的选项，这往往会导致考生错选。 例如[调研1]中的 A、B、C 三个选项。 甄别这些选项的关键在于围绕文章和段落主题，厘清前后句之间的逻辑关系。 前后句之间的逻辑关系可以具体分为: 因果/解释关系、例证关系、递进关系、转折或让步关系。
前后句之间含有因果/解释的逻辑关系，可以通过一些关联词来判断，如 why，because, so，due to， thanks to， as a result, consequently， result in 等。
例证关系主要指前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。 例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言，无非是思维上的形象(例子、类比等)和抽象(观点)的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳(从例子到观点)和演绎(从观点到例子)。
如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的递进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。 常见的表示递进关系的词有:also，further，similarly，moreover，in addition，what's more，too，not only...but also 等
转折或让步关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。 如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。 常见的表示转折或让步关系的连接词有: however， nevertheless， nonetheless， though, yet， on the contrary by contrast，otherwise , while , even if 等
Passage 1
（2024·山东日照·一模）No matter how friendly your tone is or how honey sweet you are in a conversation, when you use one of these two words (or both) in your sentences, the message to your conversation companion is “You are wrong”. 16 They are “no” and “but”.
These words don’t say, “Let’s discuss this” or “I’d love to hear what you think about this” to people. They say, “You are wrong and I am right.” If your conversation companion is also eager to win at any cost, you will have a potential battle on your hands. The result 17
Are you interested in a little test to see how competitive your co-workers are Try this. For one week, keep a scorecard of how many times each person uses “no” or “but”. 18 And, if you explore a little deeper, you’ll see patterns emerge. For instance, some people use these words to gain power. You’ll see how much people hate it, consciously or not, and how it stifles(抑制)rather than opens up discussions.
19 Practically without even thinking, I keep count of their use of these two little words. It’s such an important indicator! If the numbers pile up in an initial meeting with a client, I’ll interrupt him or her and say, “We’ve been talking for almost an hour now, and do you realize that you have responded 17 times with either ‘no’ or ‘but’ ” This is the moment when a serious talk about changing behavior begins.
If this is your interpersonal challenge, you can do this little test for yourself just as easily as you can to judge your co-workers. Stop trying to defend your position and start monitoring how many times you begin remarks with “no” or “but”. 20 For example That’s true, but...”. Another expression is “Yes, but...”.
A．I use this technique with my clients.
B．Why do people like to say these two words
C．What are these conversation stopping words
D．Nothing more can happen that will be productive.
E．It’s human nature to like being accepted and recognized.
F．You will be shocked at how frequently these words are used.
G．Pay close attention to when you use these words in sentences.
【答案】16．C 17．D 18．F 19．A 20．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们聊天时用到频率很高的两个词“no”和“but”，这会把天聊死的。作者建议谈话时使用这两个词的时候一定要多加注意。
16．根据上文“No matter how friendly your tone is or how honey sweet you are in a conversation, when you use one of these two words (or both) in your sentences, the message to your conversation companion is “You are wrong”.(无论你的语气多么友好，或者你在谈话中多么甜蜜，当你在句子中使用这两个词中的一个(或两个)时，给你的谈话同伴的信息是‘你错了’)”及下文“They are “no” and “but”(它们是‘不’和‘但是’)”可知，上文提出了两个谈话中否定别人的两个词，具体给出了这两个词是什么。由此可知，C. What are these conversation stopping words (这些把天聊死的词是什么 )符合语境，下一句话正是此问句的回答。故选C项。
17．根据上文“If your conversation companion is also eager to win at any cost, you will have a potential battle on your hands. The result (如果你的谈话对象也渴望不惜任何代价赢得胜利，你将面临一场潜在的战斗。结果呢 )”可知，本小题应该回答上一个问题，如果谈话双方发生了潜在的战斗，那么结果应该是谈话想要达成的事情肯定没有好的结果。由此可知，D. Nothing more can happen that will be productive.(没有什么事情是有成效的)符合语境，回答了前面的问句。故选D项。
18．根据上文“For one week, keep a scorecard of how many times each person uses “no” or “but”.( 用一周的时间，做一个记分卡，记录每个人说‘不’或‘但是’的次数)”可知，上文建议我们记录一下大家说这两个词的次数。由此可知，F. You will be shocked at how frequently these words are used.(你会对这些词的使用频率感到震惊)符合语境，how frequently呼应how many times。故选F项。
19．根据下文“Practically without even thinking, I keep count of their use of these two little words. It’s such an important indicator! If the numbers pile up in an initial meeting with a client, I’ll interrupt him or her and say,
“We’ve been talking for almost an hour now, and do you realize that you have responded 17 times with either ‘no’ or ‘but’ ”(几乎不假思索，我就数着他们对这两个词的使用。这是一个非常重要的指标!如果在与客户的初次会面中次数很多，我会打断他或她说:‘我们已经谈了将近一个小时了，你意识到你已经用‘不’或‘但是’回答了17次了吗 ’)”可知，下文作者讲述自己和客户会谈的经历和做法，使用了第一人称I。由此可知，A. I use this technique with my clients.(我对我的客户使用这个技巧)符合语境，下一句中的“their”呼应clients，后文也再次用到“a client”。故选A项。
20．根据上文“If this is your interpersonal challenge, you can do this little test for yourself just as easily as you can to judge your co-workers. Stop trying to defend your position and start monitoring how many times you begin remarks with “no” or “but”.(如果这是你的人际挑战，你可以为自己做这个小测试，就像你判断你的同事一样容易。不要试图为自己的立场辩护，开始注意自己用“不”或“但是”开头的次数)”可知，此处作者建议我们也要去注意我们自己使用这两个词的次数。由此可知，G. Pay close attention to when you use these words in sentences.(要特别注意你是在什么时候使用的这些词)符合语境。故选G项。
Passage 2
（2023·湖北·模拟预测）Photography for me has always been a key. It opens up doors, gives me an excuse to travel with more purpose, and lets me see behind the scenes. 16 —“Better get back to taking photos. Nice to chat!”
What is my advice to beginners I didn’t study photography; I’m not formally trained; 17 But that’s not what photography is about for me. If you want to be a photographer, be constantly asking yourself the question: “What is the story here ” It doesn’t matter if you are shooting a dish at your favorite restaurant or the food waste processing plant that deals with wat’s left over— 18 What does that mean If I’m photographing a dinner party for Social Supply, it’s important to capture not just the plate of food, but to step back and capture the scene around it. If I’m taking photos of a mushroom harvest in Yunnan, I make sure to find an angle that shows just how much they’ve harvested, but also a few close-ups of the weathered hands that are carefully sorting.
19 I’ve taken hundreds of thousands of photos this year alone. The more you shoot the better you will be. So, start shooting—anything and everything, but specially your fiends’ businesses and projects.
Do I have a good camera Yes, but some people still think that the photos I post from my phone were taken on that camera, so don’t confuse a good device with being a good photographer. 20 so start there, and start today.
A．Let the story guide you.
B．I have virtually no art experience.
C．Like anything, photography requires practice.
D．Photography becomes an incredible drive to explore.
E．Some of my favorite photographers just use their phone.
F．It also helps to slip out of awkward small talk at parties.
G．I feel deeply connected with whatever is captured through my camera lens.
【答案】16．F 17．B 18．A 19．C 20．E
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者结合自身经历给出了一些摄影的建议。
16．上文“Photography for me has always been a key. It opens up doors, gives me an excuse to travel with more purpose, and lets me see behind the scenes.(摄影对我来说一直是个关键。它为我打开了一扇门，给了我一个更有目的旅行的借口，让我看到了幕后。)”提到了摄影对作者的重要性；下文““Better get back to taking photos. Nice to chat!”(“还是聊回拍照吧。这很好聊!”)”转而提到“回到拍照的话题”，为过渡句，下文第二段开始提出学习摄影的建议。由此可知，设空处应是承接上文的话题，与摄影的好处相关。F项“It also helps to slip out of awkward small talk at parties.(这也有助于在聚会上避免尴尬的闲聊。)”中的it指代上文的Photography，also helps也与上文对应。故选F项。
17．上文“I didn’t study photography; I’m not formally trained;(我没有学过摄影；我没有受过正规训练；)”提到了作者既没学过摄影，也没有受过正规训练；下文“But that’s not what photography is about for me.(但这不是摄影对我的意义。)”转而提到上文提到的那些都不是摄影对作者的意义。结合设空处前面的分号可知，设空处与上文两个句子构成排比句式。B项“I have virtually no art experience.(我几乎没有美术经验。)”与上文对应。故选B项。
18．上文“If you want to be a photographer, be constantly asking yourself the question: “What is the story here ” It doesn’t matter if you are shooting a dish at your favorite restaurant or the food waste processing plant that deals with wat’s left over(如果你想成为一名摄影师，就要不断地问自己这个问题：“这里的故事是什么？”无论你是在你最喜欢的餐馆拍摄一道菜，还是在处理剩饭剩菜的食物垃圾处理厂)”提到了如果相当一名摄影师，就要不断问自己“这里的故事是什么？”；下文“What does that mean If I’m photographing a dinner party for Social Supply, it’s important to capture not just the plate of food, but to step back and capture the scene around it.(这是什么意思？如果我正在为Social Supply拍摄晚宴，重要的是不仅要捕捉一盘食物，还要退后一步，捕捉周围的场景。)”通过举例子进一步解释了问“这里的故事是什么？”的含义。A项“Let the story guide you.(让故事引导你。)”与上文的“What is the story here ”对应。故选A项。
19．设空处位于段首，为段落主旨句；下文“I’ve taken hundreds of thousands of photos this year alone. The more you shoot the better you will be. So, start shooting—anything and everything, but specially your fiends’ businesses and projects.(仅今年一年，我就拍了数十万张照片。你拍得越多，你就会越好。所以，开始拍摄吧，什么都可以，尤其是你朋友的生意和项目。)”提到了拍得越多，就会越好，说明摄影是需要练习的。C项“Like anything, photography requires practice.(像任何事情一样，摄影需要练习。)”最能概括本段内容。故选C项。
20．上文“Do I have a good camera Yes, but some people still think that the photos I post from my phone were taken on that camera, so don’t confuse a good device with being a good photographer.(我有好的相机吗？是的，但有些人仍然认为我从手机上发布的照片是用那台相机拍摄的，所以不要把一个好设备和一个好摄影师混为一谈。)”提到了不要把好设备和好摄影师混为一谈，由此可知，设空处应与摄影设备和摄影师有关。E项“Some of my favorite photographers just use their phone.(我最喜欢的一些摄影师只用他们的手机拍。)”与上下文对应。故选E项。
Passage 3
（2023·山东济南·模拟预测）The power of positive thinking
Is your glass of milk half-full or half-empty 16 Do they focus on the positives (a half-full glass) or the negatives (a half-empty one) Thinking positively, with a belief that most things will turn out well, is called optimism — and it’s known to boost your well-being. The good news is that everybody can learn to think more positively.
17
Research shows that people who are optimistic and think positively tend to experience less stress and cope well when faced with life’s challenges. People who are more pessimistic (expect that the worst will happen) may find it hard to believe that these challenges will pass.
Worrying is like a fire alarm.
Everybody can worry from time to time. Worrying can help to keep you safe — if you were never worried and were overly positive about how things would turn out, you wouldn’t recognize risks. “ 18 It’s like a fire alarm,” says child psychotherapist Rachel Melville-Thomas. “The trouble is that sometimes it goes off when there isn’t a huge danger to face.” When this happens, you can feel anxious and hopeless about what lies ahead.
Learn to think positively.
Optimism is shaped by your genes which carry characteristics inherited from your parents and by what happens to you. 19 Research has shown that it can help to draw or write an outcome that’s positive-for example, an image of you playing guitar, having passed your next grade. 20
A．Your genes will in turn help obtain it.
B．This question makes you lost in thought.
C．Why is thinking positively good for you
D．Imagining this can motivate you to work to achieve it.
E．Worrying is our brain warning us of something threatening.
F．However, whatever your starting point is, everyone can learn it.
G．This saying is often used to test people’s outlook in a situation.
【答案】16．G 17．C 18．E 19．F 20．D
【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了积极的思考带来的好处，以及怎么样学会积极的思考。
16．根据前文“Is your glass of milk half-full or half-empty (你的牛奶是半满的还是半空的 )”以及后文“Do they focus on the positives (a half-full glass) or the negatives (a half-empty one) (他们关注的是积极的一面(半满的杯子)还是消极的一面(半空的杯子) )”可知，空处应是对前一句的解释，前句是做什么用的，所以G项“This saying is often used to test people’s outlook in a situation.(这句话经常被用来测试人们在某种情况下的看法)”符合文意，其中This saying指代前文那句话。故选G项。
17．分析设空，可知是本段的小标题，是对本段的概括，根据下文“Research shows that people who are optimistic and think positively tend to experience less stress and cope well when faced with life’s challenges. People who are more pessimistic (expect that the worst will happen) may find it hard to believe that these challenges will pass.(研
究表明，乐观和积极思考的人在面对生活挑战时往往会经历更少的压力，并能很好地应对。更悲观的人(认为最坏的事情会发生)可能很难相信这些挑战会过去)”可知，本段主要讲述了，乐观和积极思考的好处，所以C项“Why is thinking positively good for you (为什么积极思考对你有好处 )”符合文意。故选C项。
18．根据前文“Everybody can worry from time to time. Worrying can help to keep you safe—if you were never worried and were overly positive about how things would turn out, you wouldn’t recognize risks.(每个人都会时不时地担心。担心可以帮助你保持安全——如果你从不担心，对事情的结果过于乐观，你就不会意识到风险)”可知，本段主要讲述了担心的好处，在根据本段小标题“Worrying is like a fire alarm.(忧虑就像火警)”，可知E项“Worrying is our brain warning us of something threatening.(担心是我们的大脑警告我们有危险。)”符合本段主题，其中Worrying为同词复现。故选E项。
19．根据前文“Optimism is shaped by your genes, which carry characteristics inherited from your parents, and by what happens to you.(乐观是由你的基因塑造的，它带有从你父母那里遗传来的特征，也由你身上发生的事情决定)”以及后文“Research has shown that it can help to draw or write an outcome that’s positive —for example, an image of you playing guitar, having passed your next grade. (研究表明，画或写一个积极的结果会有所帮助——例如，你弹吉他的画面，已经通过了下一个等级)”可知，F项“However, whatever your starting point is, everyone can learn it.(然而，无论你的出发点是什么，每个人都可以学习它)”和前文构成转折关系，且和后文构成顺承关系。故选F项。
20．分析设空，谓语段尾，应是对前文的总结，所以根据前文“Research has shown that it can help to draw or write an outcome that’s positive-for example, an image of you playing guitar, having passed your next grade.(研究表明，画或写一个积极的结果是有帮助的——比如，你弹吉他的画面，通过了下一个等级)”可知，前文讲述想象积极的结果是有帮助的，所以D项“Imagining this can motivate you to work to achieve it.(想象这个可以激励你致力于去实现它)”符合文意，是对前文的总结。故选D项。
Passage 4
（22-23高三上·安徽·阶段练习）Sometimes it seems like there are never enough hours in the day. But with a bit of time management, you can make time for the things you need to do, like housework. Here are some tips on how to manage your time for housework.
16 Don’t try to do too much in one day or week. Spread out your housework over a period of days or weeks so that it doesn’t seem so overwhelming. “I’m going to clean the entire house today” rarely goes well and will just make you feel defeated.
Make a list. Once you know what needs to be done, make a list of the tasks and prioritize them. 17 You can also create checklists for things throughout the house so you can just move from one task to another.
Try to clean as you go. Have you ever noticed dishes are easier to wash if you wash them off immediately This doesn’t mean that you have to clean up every single thing as soon as you finish using it. 18 This will save you time in the long run and help keep your house more organized.
Use your time wisely. 19 For instance, if you are vacuuming(用真空吸尘器)，move all the furniture in the room first so that you don’t have to keep stopping and starting. Don’t dust before you vacuum; you’ll just have
to redo everything later.
Reward yourself. When you’ve finished all your tasks, give yourself a pat on the back or a good treat like a good cup of coffee. This will help you stay motivated and look forward to the next time you have to do housework. 20
A．Set realistic expectations.
B．Set aside some time each day or week for housework.
C．But if you can, try to put things away and tidy up as you go.
D．Make sure you use your time wisely and take breaks between tasks.
E．Make sure you are using your time efficiently while you are cleaning.
F．Housework is always going to be a bit of a heavy task, but it shouldn’t be terrible.
G．This will help you focus on what needs to be done first and prevent you forgetting anything.
【答案】16．A 17．G 18．C 19．E 20．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了一些关于如何管理家务时间的建议。
16．空处为本段主旨句。根据下文“Don’t try to do too much in one day or week. Spread out your housework over a period of days or weeks so that it doesn’t seem so overwhelming.(不要试图在一天或一周内做太多的事情。把家务活分成几天或几周来做，这样就不会让你觉得压力太大)”可知，本段建议要定合理的家务目标。A项“设置现实的目标”符合本段主旨。故选A项。
17．根据上文“Make a list. Once you know what needs to be done, make a list of the tasks and prioritize them.(做一个列表。一旦你知道需要做什么，就把任务列出来，按优先顺序排列)”和后文“You can also create checklists for things throughout the house so you can just move from one task to another.(你也可以为家里的事情创建清单，这样你就可以从一个任务转移到另一个任务)”可知，列家务清单有助于有条理地做事情，并且不容易忘记事情。G项“这将帮助你专注于首先需要做的事情，并防止你忘记任何事情”符合文意。故选G项。
18．根据上文“Try to clean as you go. Have you ever noticed dishes are easier to wash if you wash them off immediately This doesn’t mean that you have to clean up every single thing as soon as you finish using it.(尽量立即打扫。你有没有注意到，如果你立即洗掉盘子会更容易洗 这并不是说你用完每一件东西就必须清理干净)”以及后文“This will save you time in the long run and help keep your house more organized. (从长远来看，这将节省你的时间，并帮助保持你的房子更有条理)”可知，我们应该尽量在用完东西后立刻清理，虽然有点麻烦，但从长远来看有助于节省时间。C项“但如果可以的话，试着在东西用完后立即清理并整理”符合文意。故选C项。
19．根据上下文“For instance, if you are vacuuming(用真空吸尘器)，move all the furniture in the room first so that you don’t have to keep stopping and starting.(例如，如果你在用真空吸尘器，先把房间里所有的家具都搬开，这样你就不用不停地停和开始了)”并结合本段主旨可知，此处建议我们在做家务时要有效利用时间，且下文举例进行了说明。E项“确保你在清洁时有效利用时间”符合文意。故选E项。
20．根据上文“Reward yourself. When you’ve finished all your tasks, give yourself a pat on the back or a good treat
like a good cup of coffee. This will help you stay motivated and look forward to the next time you have to do housework.(奖励自己。当你完成了所有的任务，给自己一个鼓励或一杯好咖啡。这将帮助你保持动力，并期待下次你不得不做家务)”可知，做家务也可以是一件快乐的事情而不是糟糕的事情。F项“家务活总是有点繁重，但不应该太可怕”符合题意，对上文进行总结。故选F项。
Passage 5
（23-24高三上·内蒙古呼和浩特·期末）Why was school created 16 Especially on test days, many students wonder exactly why they’re being subjected to such terrible and unusual punishment!
If you’re honest with yourself, though, you know what a great place school is. 17 . Sure, tests can be stressful, but think of how boring life would be if you didn’t get to learn new things and see other people so often!
Schools are not a new invention. You may have seen some old one-room schoolhouses that have been around for several hundred years or more. 18 .
In fact, education dates back to the very first humans ever to live on Earth. Why To survive, every generation has found it necessary to pass on its knowledge, skills, values, and traditions to the next generation. How can they do this Education! Each subsequent generation (后代) must be taught these things.
19 They educated young people within the family unit. Over time, however, populations grew and societies formed.
Rather than every family being responsible for education, people soon found out that it would be easier and more efficient to have a small group of adults teach a larger group of children. 20 .
A．In this way, the idea of school was born.
B．The earliest schools, though, date back thousands of years.
C．At that time, schools focused on reading, writing, and maths.
D．Ancient schools weren’t like the schools we know today, though.
E．We’re sure that’s a question that every student asks from time to time.
F．The earliest human beings didn’t need schools to pass along information.
G．You have fun, learn all kinds of interesting things, and get to spend time with your friends.
【答案】16．E 17．G 18．B 19．F 20．A
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了学校的好处和学校产生的历史。
16．根据前文“Why was school created (为什么要创建学校 )”以及后文“Especially on test days, many students wonder exactly why they’re being subjected to such terrible and unusual punishment!(特别是在考试的日子里，许多学生都想知道为什么他们会受到如此可怕和不寻常的惩罚!)”可知，此处通过从学生的角度谈论创建学校的理由，E项“We’re sure that’s a question that every student asks from time to time.(我们确信这是每个学生都会时不时问的问题)”承接上文，学生问的问题就是前文的问题，并引出下文。故选E项。
17．根据前文“If you’re honest with yourself, though, you know what a great place school is.(如果你对自己诚实的话，你就会知道学校是一个多么好的地方)”可知，此处讲述学校是个好地方，G项“You have fun, learn all kinds of interesting things, and get to spend time with your friends.(你玩得很开心，学习各种有趣的东西，并与
你的朋友们共度时光)”符合此处主题，说明学校提高的益处，承接上文。故选G项。
18．根据前文“Schools are not a new invention. You may have seen some old one-room schoolhouses that have been around for several hundred years or more.(学校并不是一项新发明。你可能见过一些已经存在了几百年甚至更久的单间校舍)”可知，此处讲述学校的历史，B项“The earliest schools, though, date back thousands of years.(然而，最早的学校可以追溯到几千年前)”符合本段主题。故选B项。
19．根据后文“They educated young people within the family unit. Over time, however, populations grew and societies formed.(他们以家庭为单位教育年轻人。然而，随着时间的推移，人口增长，社会形成)”可知，此处讲述早期的教育，F项“The earliest human beings didn’t need schools to pass along information.(最早的人类不需要学校来传递信息)”引出下文，符合语境。故选F项。
20．根据前文“Rather than every family being responsible for education, people soon found out that it would be easier and more efficient to have a small group of adults teach a larger group of children.(人们很快发现，让一小群成年人教育一大群孩子，会更容易、更有效，而不是每个家庭都负责教育)”可知，本段主要讲述学校诞生的原因，A项“In this way, the idea of school was born.(就这样，学校的概念诞生了)”是对前文的总结，符合文意。故选A项。专题02 阅读理解七选五
目 录
01 挑战真题·查知识漏洞
02 回顾教材·补知识漏洞
回顾知识体系
回顾核心考点
易混易错归纳
03 知识通关演练
Passage1
【2023年全国甲卷】Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person
Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common There is one answer. ___16___.
In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.
●Practice gratitude (感激)
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. ___17___. “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California.
● Make yourself wait
Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. ___18___. Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations.
● ___19___.
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “___20___.” You’ll then gradually become more patient.
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patience
F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
Passage2
【2023年全国乙卷】Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. ____16____, but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.
What are indoor plants
Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. ____17____.
Why are indoor plants good for you
Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “____18____. I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. ____19____.
Which plants can you grow
Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “____20____,” Spoelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”
A. All plants are different
B. Not only do they look beautiful
C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer
E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best
F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
回顾知识体系
回顾核心考点
考点1 段首设空题
七选五中常见关键词的种类有:
相同词 2近义词 3反义词4.同根词5.同畴词 6.代词
利用这些关键词在上下文不同的位置对同一概念或事物进行描述，这种方法称为关键词法。
1.代词线索
代词的使用主要是为了避免重复。代词一般用于指代前面提到的人或物，有时也用于指代前面提到的
名词或概念。巧妙利用这样的指代关系可以帮助我们理解文章内容并选出正确答案。常用代词的指代意义：
①it=单数/不可数名词或整个句子
②they/them=复数名词
③ones=泛指的复数名词
④one=泛指的单数可数名词
⑤that=特指的单数/不可数名词
⑥this=单数名词或句子
⑦these/those=特指的复数名词
2.词汇复现
词汇复现是指词语的重复出现，但这里不是指简单的原词重现，而是指某词语可能以不同词类、词性、数、格、时态、语态等形式出现，还可能以同义词、近义词、上下义词甚至反义词等形式出现。
考点2 段中设空题
从逻辑关系上来看，句子之间有并列、递进、顺承、转折、类比、对比、解释、因果、例证等关系，有时甚至包含不止一种关系。因此，理解七选五的材料时一定要把握文章脉络，弄清其中的逻辑关系。如果文中或选项中出现了逻辑关系词，考生可以利用其进行推理判断；如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词，考生需要全面理解文章大意，根据上下文语境弄清文章内在的逻辑关系，作出正确的判断。
易混易错归纳
易错点 无法快速锁定七选五解题信息
典例1
Specifically，citizen science is when the public voluntarily helps conduct scientific research. Citizen scientists may design experiments, collect data, analyze results, and solve problems. 1 These data help professional scientists and resource managers answer scientific questions and solve
important problems.And the activity helps participants build meaningful connections to science.
Anyone can be a citizen scientist, regardless of where they're from. 2 All it take is some time,curiosity , and a sense of wonder.
Why does the national parks support citizen science For two reasons - good management of parks , and good experiences for visitors.
___3 Sometimes the best way to get that information is through citizen science projects. For example, managers might need to know when certain kinds of plants bloom.Data on flower timing can help them know which butterflies need special protection. They might not have enough time to count all those flowers across the park. But hundreds of visitors hiking in the park can do.
Citizen science is also a way for visitors to enjoy and learn about science and their parks. 4
Citizen science helps the national parks fill that role. One of the best ways to learn science is to do science. And by doing science, people can appreciate their parks in new ways.
For most projects in national parks , it's the professional scientists and managers who decide what topic is important, how to study it, and how to use the results. The public -who may range from park visitors to student groups or local community members - is invited, encouraged, and enabled to participate. 5
There are many citizen science park projects , and there will be more in the future.
A. They typically do so by collecting data.
B. In national parks, most citizen scientists collect data.
C.And these participants can use their own way to study
D. It doesn't matter how old you are or what your background is.
E. There is a lot of information about the role of citizen scientists.
F.The national parks have a public education role and responsibility.
G. For good management, the parks use the best available scientific information.
分析
Step 1 快速浏览,确定话题
快速浏览全文并结合文章首句可知,本文主要介绍了公民科学的相关信息。
Step 2 剖析选项,提炼核心
A.他们通常通过收集数据来做到这一点。核心点 通过收集数据来做so 指代的事情
B.在国家公园里,大多数公民科学家都会收集数据。核心点 参与项目的方式: 收集数据
C.这些参与者可以用他们自己的方式来研究。核心点 参与项目的方式: 用自己的方式
D.这与你的年龄和背景无关。核心点 参加条件:人人皆可
E.有很多关于公民科学家的作用的信息。核心点 有关公民科学象作用的信息
F.国家公园有公共教育的职能和责任。核心点，国象公园的职责: 公共教有
G.为了良好的管理，公园会利用可获得的最好的科学信息。核心点 为了良好的管理的做法Step 3 通读全文,逐项分析
1.B 空前一句指出"公民科学家可以设计实验、收集数据、分析结果并解决问题”,空后一句指出"这些数据可以帮助专业的科学家和资源管理人员回答科学的问题并解决重大问题”,因此空处应该涉及公民科学家收集数据（B项核心点）。空后的 These data 指代 B 项中的 data。
【易错】 该题易错选A。 虽然A 项中也出现了"collecting data”，但是A 项中的”so"如果指代一中的" design experiments, collect data, analyze results, and solve problems" ，逻辑上是讲不通的，因为不可能"通过收集数据”来做到"收集数据”，故排除。
2.D 空前句提到任何人都可以成为公民科学家,空后句提到只需要一些时间、好奇心和求知欲因此空处承接上文,引出下文,应该涉及成为公民科学家的条件。（D 项核心点）
【解题线索】 D 项中的"It doesn't matter how old you are or what your background is" 和空处前面"Anyone can be a citizen scientist"相吻合
3.G 第三段提到,国家公园支持公民科学的两个原因分别是:公园良好的管理和游客愉快的体验。第四段对第一个原因进行了阐述,再根据空后的"that information"可知,空处应该提到公园管理需要的信息,由此推断空处应涉及为了更好地管理公园所需要的信息。（G 项核心点）
【解题线索】G选项中的"good management"和第三段中的"good management"照应;"the besavailable scientific information" 和空后" that information" 相照应。
4.F 根据后句"Citizen science helps the national parks fill that role"判断,设空处应该和国家公园的任务、角色有关。（F项核心点）
【解题线索】F 项中的"a public education role and responsibility"和空后的"that role" 相照应。
5.A 空前句提到公众被鼓励去参与科学项目，后句应该提到他们如何参与。A 项中的”do so”指的就是"participate"。（A 项核心点）
【易错】 该题易错选C。 因为该选项也涉及公民科学家参与项目的方式，但根据末段的等 " For most projects in national parks , it's the professional scientists and managers who decide what topic is important, how to study it, and how to use the results" 可知，研究内容、方式和结果的应用是由专业的科学家和管理人员决定的，与C须表达不符，做排除。
典例2
Honesty is important. However, not everyone seems to think so. Lies and the hiding of truth are commonplace. But when examining the case for honesty, you realize it's a better option. Here are the reasons why thevalue of honesty is beyond measure.
It is easier to understand. 1 The other person doesn't have to second-guess what you really mean. And with clarity comes a better understanding of your expectations of them.They know what you would actually like them to do.
You are more likely to get what you want. We often hide our true desires or preferencesrather than speak out the truth. But when we are completely honest with ourselves andothers, we encourage the right actions that lead to what we want. 2 You may not get your way every time. But at least you'll get your way sometimes or a middle ground will be reached that suits you both.
___3 There is no need to remember what you lied about and to whom. You can be confident that you have said what was true in the moment you said it. Now, don't confuse simple with easy. Being honest is not always easy. 4
It is better for your inner peace. Lying doesn't come easy for most people. When you cheat others , it can feel like you are going against your values. Not only that, but as soon ayou lie, you will live with the fear of that lie being discovered. That's a mentally tiring thing. ___5 Of course, you may feel slightly bad if you have to tell someone an uncomfortable truth , but that won't last long.
A. Telling the truth is simple.
B. It is the best way to prove your honesty.
C. Instead, it is so hard that no one can do it.
D. When we speak up, the other person is more likely to listen.
E. Honesty, though not always easy , doesn't carry such burdens.
F. When you are clear in what you think , there's no grey area for confusion.
G. Actually , it can be hard when you tell others what they don't want to hear.
分析
Step 1 快速浏览,确定话题
快速浏览全文并结合文章首段可知,本文主要说明了诚实很重要。
Step 2剖析选项 , 提炼核心
A.说实话很简单。核心点 说实话的特点:简单
B.这是证明你诚实的最好方法。 核心点 证明你诚实
C.相反,它太难了,没有人能做到。核心点 太难，没有人能做到
D.当我们明确表态时，对方更有可能倾听。核心点 诚实表达的益处: 对方更有可能倾听
F.诚实,虽然不总是容易的,但不会有这样的负担。核心点 诚突不会有”such burdens'
F.当你清楚自己的想法时,就没有困惑的灰色地带。核心点 明确自己的想法后，没有困惑
G.实际上,当你告诉别人他们不想听的话时,会很困难。核心点 告诉别人他们不想听的话很困难
Step 3 通读全文,逐项分析3
1.F 空前说这样(诚实)更容易理解,空后指出,对方不需要揣测你的真正意思,就能更好地理解你对他们的期望,他们知道你想让他们做什么,这些说的都是诚实的益处:对方清楚地知道你的想法。空后的"with clarity"与P项中的"you are clear in what you think"呼应。F项核心点
2.D 本段首句指出诚实的价值之一:你更有可能得到你想要的。然后介绍了人们通常的做法:我们经常隐藏我们真实的欲望或喜好,而不是说出真相。接着话锋一转,指出当我们对自己和他人完全诚实时,我们就会鼓励正确的行为,从而达到我们想要的结果;空后指出诚实的益处:至少有时你会达到你的目的或者达成一个对你们双方都合适的中间立场。由此可推出,空处应该会具体说明说出事实的益处。D 项的"speak up"是"speak out the truth"的复现,"the other person is more likely to listen”则是诚实表达带来的益处。D项核心点
【易错】 部分考生依据第一段首句"Honesty is important"确文章中心和"honesty"有关，再结合空前的句子" But when we are completely honest with ourselves and others, we encourage the righactions that lead to what we want”认为这样做能证明我们的诚实，忽视了与后文的联象，没有确锁免解履信息，因此错选 B 项。
3.A 根据下文的"There is no need to remember...you saidt"可知,没有必要记住你撒了什么谎以及对谁撒了谎，你可以确信你所说的话是真实的;接着又说"Now，don't confuse simple with easy' 不要把简单和容易混淆;由此可知,空处提到了诚实是简单的。A项核心点
【易错】 部分考生依据该段中的” Being honest is not always easy"，误以为该段主要讲“诚实并总是很容易”。E项中的"though not always easy"与此匹配，因此错选E项，忽略了E项中"such burdens”在该段中没有具体的呼应对象。
G 根据空格前的"Being honest is not always easy”可知,下文应该具体会讲"诚实有时也挺难G项核心点 G 项"Actually,it can be hard when you tell others what they don't want to hear"符合行文逻辑,而且说明了在什么情
况下要做到诚实很难。
【易错】 部分考生根据空格前的"Being honest is not always easy”判断，接下来立该讲“诚实很难”，看到C项中的"it is so hard that no one can do it"就误选C项。C 项虽然也出现了“hard”但“no one can do it"这一表达太绝对，和事实不相符。
E 空前说,说谎对大多数人来说并不容易,当你欺骗别人时,你会觉得自己违背了自己的价观;一旦你说谎,你就会生活在谎言被发现的恐惧中。这些说的都是不诚实带给自己的心理负担。空后转而说了诚实的心理表现:你可能会觉得说出令人不舒服的真相有点难受,但这不会持续太久。结合本段的主题句"这(诚实)对你内心的平静更有好处"可知,空处应该是说诚实不会有这样的负担。E 项中的"such burdens"与空前的描述相呼应E项核心点
易错快攻
阅读理解七选五这一题型主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握，所以快速而准确地把握文章中心，分析段落结构，理清逻辑关系对于快速锁定解题信息是至关重要的。
通常考生会通过词汇衔接来锁定选项，如词汇的复现、代词的指代等，这些技巧确实能帮助考生快速地解题。 但考生根据词汇街接手段解题，会发现一些核心点相似的选项，这往往会导致考生错选。 例如[调研1]中的 A、B、C 三个选项。 甄别这些选项的关键在于围绕文章和段落主题，厘清前后句之间的逻辑关系。 前后句之间的逻辑关系可以具体分为: 因果/解释关系、例证关系、递进关系、转折或让步关系。
前后句之间含有因果/解释的逻辑关系，可以通过一些关联词来判断，如 why，because, so，due to， thanks to， as a result, consequently， result in 等。
例证关系主要指前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。 例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言，无非是思维上的形象(例子、类比等)和抽象(观点)的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳(从例子到观点)和演绎(从观点到例子)。
如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的递进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。 常见的表示递进关系的词有:also，further，similarly，moreover，in addition，what's more，too，not only...but also 等
转折或让步关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。 如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。 常见的表示转折或让步关系的连接词有: however， nevertheless， nonetheless， though, yet， on the contrary by contrast，otherwise , while , even if 等
Passage 1
（2024·山东日照·一模）No matter how friendly your tone is or how honey sweet you are in a conversation,
when you use one of these two words (or both) in your sentences, the message to your conversation companion is “You are wrong”. 16 They are “no” and “but”.
These words don’t say, “Let’s discuss this” or “I’d love to hear what you think about this” to people. They say, “You are wrong and I am right.” If your conversation companion is also eager to win at any cost, you will have a potential battle on your hands. The result 17
Are you interested in a little test to see how competitive your co-workers are Try this. For one week, keep a scorecard of how many times each person uses “no” or “but”. 18 And, if you explore a little deeper, you’ll see patterns emerge. For instance, some people use these words to gain power. You’ll see how much people hate it, consciously or not, and how it stifles(抑制)rather than opens up discussions.
19 Practically without even thinking, I keep count of their use of these two little words. It’s such an important indicator! If the numbers pile up in an initial meeting with a client, I’ll interrupt him or her and say, “We’ve been talking for almost an hour now, and do you realize that you have responded 17 times with either ‘no’ or ‘but’ ” This is the moment when a serious talk about changing behavior begins.
If this is your interpersonal challenge, you can do this little test for yourself just as easily as you can to judge your co-workers. Stop trying to defend your position and start monitoring how many times you begin remarks with “no” or “but”. 20 For example That’s true, but...”. Another expression is “Yes, but...”.
A．I use this technique with my clients.
B．Why do people like to say these two words
C．What are these conversation stopping words
D．Nothing more can happen that will be productive.
E．It’s human nature to like being accepted and recognized.
F．You will be shocked at how frequently these words are used.
G．Pay close attention to when you use these words in sentences.
Passage 2
（2023·湖北·模拟预测）Photography for me has always been a key. It opens up doors, gives me an excuse to travel with more purpose, and lets me see behind the scenes. 16 —“Better get back to taking photos. Nice to chat!”
What is my advice to beginners I didn’t study photography; I’m not formally trained; 17 But that’s not what photography is about for me. If you want to be a photographer, be constantly asking yourself the question: “What is the story here ” It doesn’t matter if you are shooting a dish at your favorite restaurant or the food waste processing plant that deals with wat’s left over— 18 What does that mean If I’m photographing a dinner party for Social Supply, it’s important to capture not just the plate of food, but to step back and capture the scene around it. If I’m taking photos of a mushroom harvest in Yunnan, I make sure to find an angle that shows just how much they’ve harvested, but also a few close-ups of the weathered hands that are carefully sorting.
19 I’ve taken hundreds of thousands of photos this year alone. The more you shoot the better you will be. So, start shooting—anything and everything, but specially your fiends’ businesses and projects.
Do I have a good camera Yes, but some people still think that the photos I post from my phone were taken on that camera, so don’t confuse a good device with being a good photographer. 20 so start there, and start today.
A．Let the story guide you.
B．I have virtually no art experience.
C．Like anything, photography requires practice.
D．Photography becomes an incredible drive to explore.
E．Some of my favorite photographers just use their phone.
F．It also helps to slip out of awkward small talk at parties.
G．I feel deeply connected with whatever is captured through my camera lens.
Passage 3
（2023·山东济南·模拟预测）The power of positive thinking
Is your glass of milk half-full or half-empty 16 Do they focus on the positives (a half-full glass) or the negatives (a half-empty one) Thinking positively, with a belief that most things will turn out well, is called optimism — and it’s known to boost your well-being. The good news is that everybody can learn to think more positively.
17
Research shows that people who are optimistic and think positively tend to experience less stress and cope well when faced with life’s challenges. People who are more pessimistic (expect that the worst will happen) may find it hard to believe that these challenges will pass.
Worrying is like a fire alarm.
Everybody can worry from time to time. Worrying can help to keep you safe — if you were never worried and were overly positive about how things would turn out, you wouldn’t recognize risks. “ 18 It’s like a fire alarm,” says child psychotherapist Rachel Melville-Thomas. “The trouble is that sometimes it goes off when there isn’t a huge danger to face.” When this happens, you can feel anxious and hopeless about what lies ahead.
Learn to think positively.
Optimism is shaped by your genes which carry characteristics inherited from your parents and by what happens to you. 19 Research has shown that it can help to draw or write an outcome that’s positive-for example, an image of you playing guitar, having passed your next grade. 20
A．Your genes will in turn help obtain it.
B．This question makes you lost in thought.
C．Why is thinking positively good for you
D．Imagining this can motivate you to work to achieve it.
E．Worrying is our brain warning us of something threatening.
F．However, whatever your starting point is, everyone can learn it.
G．This saying is often used to test people’s outlook in a situation.
Passage 4
（22-23高三上·安徽·阶段练习）Sometimes it seems like there are never enough hours in the day. But with a bit of time management, you can make time for the things you need to do, like housework. Here are some tips on how to manage your time for housework.
16 Don’t try to do too much in one day or week. Spread out your housework over a period of days or weeks so that it doesn’t seem so overwhelming. “I’m going to clean the entire house today” rarely goes well and will just make you feel defeated.
Make a list. Once you know what needs to be done, make a list of the tasks and prioritize them. 17 You can also create checklists for things throughout the house so you can just move from one task to another.
Try to clean as you go. Have you ever noticed dishes are easier to wash if you wash them off immediately This doesn’t mean that you have to clean up every single thing as soon as you finish using it. 18 This will save you time in the long run and help keep your house more organized.
Use your time wisely. 19 For instance, if you are vacuuming(用真空吸尘器)，move all the furniture in the room first so that you don’t have to keep stopping and starting. Don’t dust before you vacuum; you’ll just have to redo everything later.
Reward yourself. When you’ve finished all your tasks, give yourself a pat on the back or a good treat like a good cup of coffee. This will help you stay motivated and look forward to the next time you have to do housework. 20
A．Set realistic expectations.
B．Set aside some time each day or week for housework.
C．But if you can, try to put things away and tidy up as you go.
D．Make sure you use your time wisely and take breaks between tasks.
E．Make sure you are using your time efficiently while you are cleaning.
F．Housework is always going to be a bit of a heavy task, but it shouldn’t be terrible.
G．This will help you focus on what needs to be done first and prevent you forgetting anything.
Passage 5
（23-24高三上·内蒙古呼和浩特·期末）Why was school created 16 Especially on test days, many students wonder exactly why they’re being subjected to such terrible and unusual punishment!
If you’re honest with yourself, though, you know what a great place school is. 17 . Sure, tests can be stressful, but think of how boring life would be if you didn’t get to learn new things and see other people so often!
Schools are not a new invention. You may have seen some old one-room schoolhouses that have been around for several hundred years or more. 18 .
In fact, education dates back to the very first humans ever to live on Earth. Why To survive, every generation has found it necessary to pass on its knowledge, skills, values, and traditions to the next generation. How can they do this Education! Each subsequent generation (后代) must be taught these things.
19 They educated young people within the family unit. Over time, however, populations grew and societies formed.
Rather than every family being responsible for education, people soon found out that it would be easier and more efficient to have a small group of adults teach a larger group of children. 20 .
A．In this way, the idea of school was born.
B．The earliest schools, though, date back thousands of years.
C．At that time, schools focused on reading, writing, and maths.
D．Ancient schools weren’t like the schools we know today, though.
E．We’re sure that’s a question that every student asks from time to time.
F．The earliest human beings didn’t need schools to pass along information.
G．You have fun, learn all kinds of interesting things, and get to spend time with your friends.
