北师大版（2019）必修第二册Unit 5 Humans and nature 高频单词精讲课件(共31张PPT)

(共31张PPT)
Unit 5 高频单词精讲
1 | comment n.评论;意见 vi.& vt.评论;发表意见
　　Comments　beautiful, quiet, green, busy, crowded评论　美丽的、安静的、绿色的、繁忙
的、拥挤的 (教材P28)
高频词汇精讲
词汇
用法归纳
①make a comment/comments 　 ...对……进行评论/发表意见
②comment 　 /upon...评论……;对……发表意见
③comment+　 评论说……
on/about
on
that从句
2 | survive v.活下来;幸存;比……活得长;幸免于难,挺过(难关)
to survive a storm 从风暴中活下来
词汇
用法归纳
①survive sth. 幸免于某事物;从某事物中挺过来/活过来
②survive sb. 　 ...比某人多活……
③survive 　 ...从……存活下来/留存下来
④survive 　 ...靠……存活/生存
by
from
on
词汇拓展
①survival n.[U]幸存,存活;[C]幸存事物,残存物
②survivor n.幸存者,生还者
3 | frightened adj.受惊的,害怕的
　　The moment I heard the word I became very frightened.我一听到这个词就变得非常害
怕。
词汇
①be frightened 　 (doing) sth.害怕(做)某事
②be frightened 　 ...害怕做……
③be frightened+　 ...害怕……
④be frightened to death 吓得要死
of
to do
that从句
词汇拓展
①frightening adj.令人惊恐的,骇人的
②frighten vt.使害怕,使惊吓 vi.害怕,受惊吓
frighten...away/off把……吓走;把……吓得不敢(做某事)
frighten sb. to death把某人吓得要死
frighten sb. into (doing) sth.把某人吓得做某事
③fright n.惊吓,恐怖
with fright害怕地
The little girl was frightened at the sight of the frightening snake and was shaking with fright.
这个小女孩一看到这条可怕的蛇就感到很害怕,吓得发抖。
易混辨析
frightened 表示“害怕的,受惊的”,可用作定语或表语,常形容人的主观感受,也可修饰人的表情、声音等
frightening 表示“令人害怕的”,可用作定语或表语,常形容事物本身具有的性质
4 | curious adj.好奇的;求知欲强的;稀奇古怪的
　　After a while, I became curious about the whirlpool itself.过了一会儿,我开始对旋涡本身
感到好奇。
词汇
用法归纳
①be curious 　 ...对……感到好奇
②be curious 　 sth.很想做某事
about
to do
词汇拓展
①curiously adv.好奇地
②curiosity n.好奇心
out of curiosity出于好奇
show curiosity about...对……显露出好奇心
5 | observation n.观察;观测;监视;观察结果
I then made three important observations.后来我得到了三个重要的观察结果。
词汇
用法归纳
①　 observation 在观察中;在监视下
②make observations　
under
进行观测
词汇拓展
①observe v.看到,注意到;观察,注视,监视;遵守(规则、法律等);庆祝,庆贺
observe sb. do/doing sth.看到某人做了/正在做某事
observe+that从句 注意到……
observe a rule/the law遵守规则/法律
We cannot always observe all the customs handed down to us from the past.我们不能总是遵
守从过去传下来的所有的习俗。
It can help you observe campus life outside the classroom.它可以帮助你观察课堂外的校园
生活。 (2021天津)
The police observed a man enter the bank.警察注意到一名男子走进了银行。
②observer n.观察者
特别提醒
observe后可用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语,但在被动语态中,即不定式作主语补足语时,to
不能省略。
6 | equal adj.相等的;相同的;能胜任的 n.同等的人 v.与……相等;比得上,敌得过
...the second, between two objects of equal extent, round objects fell down more rapidly...……
第二,在两个同样大小的物体之间,圆的物体下落得更快…… (教材P31)
词汇
用法归纳
①be equal 　 与……相等;能胜任/能应付……(　 为介词)
②be equal in...在……方面平等
③be without equal/have no equal 　
④A equal B 　 (doing) sth. A在(做)某事上比得上或敌得过B
to
to
无与伦比;无敌
in
词汇拓展
①equally adv.平等地;同样地;相等地
The quality of life in France is equally excellent.法国的生活质量同样出色。
②equality n.平等;相等;均等
racial/social/sexual equality种族/社会/男女平等
All men are born equal, so everyone hopes to be treated equally because equality is the basic
demand.人人生而平等,所以每个人都希望被平等对待,因为平等是基本要求。
7 | escape vi.& vt.逃离;逃避 n.逃跑,逃脱,逃避;暂时解脱
　　Without waiting, I jumped into the sea to try and escape.没有等待,我跳进海里试图逃
跑。
词汇
用法归纳
①escape 　 ...从……逃脱
②escape (　 )sth.避免/逃脱(做)某事
③escape to/into...逃往/逃进……
④a narrow escape 　
⑤make one’s escape某人逃跑
from
doing
死里逃生
词 8 | attempt n.& vt.努力,企图,试图,尝试
　　In a rescue attempt during the Nepal earthquake...在尼泊尔地震的一次救援行动中……

词汇
用法归纳
①in an attempt 　 sth.为了做某事
②make an attempt 　 sth./at (doing) sth.试图做某事
③　 the first attempt第一次尝试
④attempt 　 sth.试图/努力做某事
to do
to do
at
to do
词汇拓展
attempted adj.未遂的
用法归纳
①do/cause damage (　 ...) (对……)造成破坏/伤害
②serious/severe/minor damage重大的/严重的/轻微的损坏
③be badly damaged 　
to
遭受严重损害
易混辨析
damage 多指轻度损坏、部分性损坏,一般是可修复的
ruin 多指自然因素对建筑物、动植物、城镇等造成严重破坏,破坏的后果往往是事物丧失价值;也可指使假期、希望、梦想、前程等美好的事物尽毁或严重危害健康等
destroy 指彻底地毁掉或毁灭,使无法修复或不复存在;也可指希望、计划等落空
9 | damage n.损伤,伤害,损害 v.损害,伤害;损坏,破坏
词汇
10 | measure vt.测量;估量,衡量 n.措施,方法;判断;衡量
　　...and other loss and damage that is hard to measure.……以及其他难以估量的损失和损
害。
词汇
用法归纳
①measure... 　 ...用……来计量/衡量……
②measure sb. 　 ...为……而给某人量尺寸
③take measures (　 sth.)采取措施(做某事)
④　 measure 非常,极其
⑤in full measure最大程度地;最大限度地
⑥made to measure量身定制
by
for
to do
beyond
词汇拓展
measurement n.测量,度量;尺寸,长度
特别提醒
(1)measure表示“措施”之意时常用其复数形式measures;
(2)measure表示“有……长(宽、高等)”时是连系动词,后跟测量的数值,不用于进行时和
被动语态,作定语时要用现在分词形式,有类似用法的还有weigh。
11 | operation n.行动,活动;手术;操作;运作
　　Mr Wang, I know you have been part of many rescue operations overseas...王先生,我知道
你参与了很多海外救援行动…… (教材P103)
词汇
用法归纳
①bring/put... 　 operation使……运作/运转;实施……
②come/go 　 operation开始实施;开始生效
③　 operation工作中;使用中;有效
④perform an operation 　 sb.给某人做手术
into
into
in
on
词汇拓展
①operate v.运转,运作;做手术;起作用;操作;经营
operate on...=give/perform an operation on...给……做手术
be operated by...由……操作
The doctor decided to operate on the patient’s eyes.医生决定给这个病人的眼睛动手术。
A drone is an aircraft without a pilot that is operated by remote control.无人机是一种没有飞
行员的飞机,通过遥控操作。
②operator n.操作人员;技工;接线员;经营者
Can a small group of drones guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same
time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year 一小群无人机能保证铁路的安
全性和可靠性,同时帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元吗
12 | suffering n.(肉体或精神上的)痛苦;折磨
　　But it’s our duty to try our best to reduce suffering and the loss of life.但我们有责任尽最
大努力减少痛苦和生命的丧失。
词汇
词汇拓展
suffer v.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦;遭受,蒙受
suffer from...遭受……之苦;患……病
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water short-
age.在树木遭受最严重缺水的地区,大树的损失最大。
A large number of people around the world are still suffering from lack of food.全世界仍有
大量的人遭受着缺乏食物的痛苦。
特别提醒
suffer用作及物动词时,其后常接的宾语有loss、pain、injury、punishment、hunger、defeat
等;suffer from表示遭受战争、自然灾害等带来的苦难及患病之意。
13 | preparation n.准备,预备
　　...both teams organised food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year.……两队
都筹备了粮食基地,为他们第二年的旅程做准备。
词汇
情景导学
In preparation for the Olympic Winter Games,the government built several stadiums.为冬季奥
运会做准备,政府建了几个体育场。
As the running race was coming, students were making preparations for it.随着跑步比赛即将
到来,学生们正在为它做准备。
用法归纳
①in preparation 　 ...为……做准备
②make 　 for...为……做准备
for
preparations
词汇拓展
①prepare v.准备
prepare sb. for sth.使某人为某事做好准备
prepare to do sth.准备做某事
prepare for...为……做准备(强调动作)
The teacher is preparing a quiz, while the students are preparing for it.老师正在准备一次测
试,而学生们正在为测试做准备。
②prepared adj.准备好;有所准备;愿意;事先做好的
be prepared for sth.为某事做好准备(强调状态)
be prepared to do sth.愿意做某事
14 | break down 停止运转,出故障;垮掉;(使)分解;失败;禁不住哭出来;消除
　　First, his two sledges broke down...先是他的两辆雪橇坏了……
词汇
情景导学
It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down, but much less time for paper.塑料分解需
要数百年,但纸张分解需要的时间要少得多。
My brother’s health broke down under the pressure of work.我哥哥因工作压力身体垮掉了。
词汇拓展
①break in强行进入
②break out爆发;突然开始
A fire broke out near here yesterday.昨天这附近突然发生了一场火灾。
③break into强行闯入;突然开始(笑、唱等)
④break off折断;中断
⑤break up结束;(物理)分解;破裂;解散
The meeting didn’t break up until noon.集会到中午才结束。
⑥break through克服;战胜;突破
⑦break away from突然挣脱;逃脱
特别提醒
break up和break down都可以表示“分解”。break up表示物理上的分解;break down表示
化学上的分解,即通过分解生成了新的物质。
情景助记
break down各词义辨析
分解 出故障
情不自禁地哭起来 谈判失败
词汇 释义 用法&拓展
crowded adj.拥挤的;挤满人的 be crowded with...挤满了……
crowd n.人群 vt.挤满;塞满;使……拥挤
crowds of...成群的……
the crowd群众
Thousands of people crowded the narrow streets.成千上万的人把狭窄的街道挤得水泄不通。
高频词汇积累
shock vt.使震惊;使难以置信n.震惊;令
人震惊的事;惊吓;休克;剧烈震
动 shock表示“令人震惊的事”时为可数名词,常用单数形式。
come as a shock让人震惊
The news of her promotion came as a shock.她获晋升的消息让人震惊。
shocking adj.令人震惊的
shocked adj.感到震惊的
be shocked at...对……感到震惊
be shocked to do...因做……而感到震惊
file n.档案,卷宗;文件 v.把……归档;提起(诉讼);排成一行行走(生
义) He is organized and files everything by season.他很有条理,把所有东西按季节归档。
extent n.面积;长度;范围;程度 to a certain extent在一定程度上
to some extent在某种程度上
trap vt.使陷于危险中;困住 n.陷阱,圈
套;困境 be trapped in...被困在……
fall into/avoid the trap of doing sth.落入/避开做某事的陷阱
death n.死,死亡;生命的终止,死亡状
态;毁灭 a sudden death猝死
frighten/scare sb. to death把某人吓得要死
die v.死亡;凋谢;消失;消亡
die of/from死于……
be dying for sth./to do sth.渴望某物/极想做某事
die out灭绝;消失
dead adj.死的;失去生命的 n.死者;死 adv.完全地;非常;极度
dying adj.临死的;垂死的
conduct vt.& vi.指挥 vt.实施;进行;执行;
组织;安排;传导 (热或电等能量);
引导;带领;为(某人)导游;举止 n.行为,举止;经营方式(生义) conduct an experiment/a survey做实验/进行调查
Who conducted the band this evening 今天晚上谁指挥乐团
Other people judge him by his conduct.别人通过他的行为来评价他。
conductor n.(乐队、合唱队的)指挥;导体;售票员
conduction n.(热或电等能量的)传导
breathe vi.& vt.呼吸vt.呼出;低声说 breathe in吸气
breathe out呼气
breathe deeply深吸一口气
breathe a sign of relief松一口气
base n.基地,大本营;基础;根基 vt.以……为基地 be based on...以……为基础(或根据)
be based in/at...把总部设在……;以……为据点
basic adj.基本的;基础的;初级的;基本需要的
basis n.基础;基准,准则;原因;缘由
on the basis of...根据……
on a...basis以……方式/标准
anxiously adv.焦虑地;不安地 anxious adj.焦虑的;忧虑的;担心的;渴望;非常希望
be anxious about sth./for sb.为……焦虑;担心……
be anxious (for sb.) to do sth.渴望(某人)做某事
be anxious for.../that...渴望……
anxiety n.焦虑;忧虑
ambition n.抱负,雄心;追求的目标,夙愿 achieve one’s ambition实现某人的夙愿
a lifelong ambition终身追求的目标
ambitious adj.有野心的;有雄心的;费力的;耗资的
prove vt.证明;证实 linking v.后来被
发现是 prove sth. to sb.向某人证明某事
prove+that从句 证明……
It is proved that...事实证明……
prove sb.+形容词 证明某人是……的
prove (to be)+名词/形容词 被证明是……
distant adj.久远的;遥远的;远房的;疏远的 a distant view远景
a distant cousin远房表亲
distance n.距离;远处;疏远
in the distance在远处
at/from a distance离一段距离;从远处
keep sb. at a distance与某人保持一定距离
shelter n.避难所;居所;遮蔽;庇护 vt.保
护;掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险) shelter sb./sth. from...保护某人/某物免受……
shelter from...躲避……