2024届高三英语二轮复习非谓语之不定式课件(共22张PPT)
文档属性
| 名称 | 2024届高三英语二轮复习非谓语之不定式课件(共22张PPT) |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 127.8KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-04-15 15:32:26 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
(共22张PPT)
非谓语动词
高考复习专题
Part 3
不定式
一、不定式构成
1.动词不定式的构成：
基本形式：to + 动词原形（有时可不用to）
否定形式：not + to+动词原形
被动形式：to be done
完成形式：to have done
完成式的被动语态：to have been done
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语或状语。
二、不定式句法功能
1.作主语：
1）不定式作主语多表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的动作。
To walk to school takes me 15 minutes.(具体的)
→It takes/took sb.+时间+to do sth.
2）不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而把不定式放在谓语之后。
基本形式：it is+adj./n./-ed+(for sb.) to do.
戒烟是正确的。
It is right to give up smoking.
完成这项任务花了我3个小时
It takes me three hours to finish the task.
2. 不定式作宾语
1)动词+to do
规则下列动词只能用不定式作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀:
决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/ wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend
主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮 offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help(后面跟不定式作宾语时,to可以省略)
我选择学德语而不是学法语。
I choose to learn German rather than French.
二、不定式句法功能
二、不定式句法功能
特别注意介词to后要用动名词。
(1)介词后常跟动词－ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语，且前面有实义动词do时，不定式就要省略to。
(2)关注介词to的固定短语
·look forward to...期待，盼望……
·object to...反对……
·be devoted to...致力于……
·be opposed to...反对……
·adapt/adjust to...适应……
·lead to...导致……
二、不定式句法功能
2)动词+疑问词+to do
在连接代词(what/who/which)或连接副词(where/why/when)以及whether后面接一个带to的不定式，可以看成是宾语从句的省略形式。
I don’t know whether____________(answer) his letter.
I wonder what__________(do) next.
这类的动词有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, forget, find out, guess, imagine, know, learn, observe, remember, see, tell, teach, understand, wonder...
to answer
to do
二、不定式句法功能
3)动词+it+宾补+to do
此时，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的to do不定式
常用动词： make, find, feel, think, believe, consider
结构：make/find/feel think/believe/consider it+n/adj. +to do
当it后面是no use或no good时，to do 应改为doing
I find it hard to persuade her.
例1.我觉得回答这个问题很难
I think it hard to answer the question.
例2.我发现要吃完这顿饭是一个负担
I find it a burden to finish the meal/eat the whole food.
二、不定式句法功能
The event also encouraged her ____________ (found) the community.
They offered_________(do) some voluntary work during the school holidays.
The activity not only enabled us ________(learn) Chinese culture better but also promoted our friendship.
Mrs. Green objected to___________(advertise) the product.
When it comes to______________(play) badminton, her face is glowing with excitement.
He made it a rule _________ (read) English every day.
I don’t know whether_________(eat) first or to take a shower first.
I find it no use__________(organize) the discussion.
to found
to do
to learn
advertising
playing
to read
to eat
organizing
3. 不定式作表语
不定式作表语多表示某一次具体的、特定的或将来的动作。
My dream is to enter Beijing University.
主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, intention, plan, proposal, suggestion 等为中心词的名词词组, 表语用不定式说明其内容
My idea is___________(climb) the mountain from the north.
My suggestion is _____________(start) work at once.
二、不定式句法功能
to climb
to start
4. 不定式作定语
不定式作定语表示将来的动作。
1）the first/last to do
不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词,且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系。
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last _________ (leave) the school.
(2)to do修饰词常常是抽象名词，有:ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way等。
The ability ___________ (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.
The findings show a critical need (invest) in disaster prevention.
There is no point_________(argue) with him.
二、不定式句法功能
to leave
to express
to invest
arguing
4. 不定式作定语
不定式作定语表示将来的动作。
3）不定式与其修饰的名词之间在逻辑上有动宾关系。
I have a lot of work to do.
我有很多工作要做。
例.在周日，他总是有很多信要写。
On sundays, he always has a lot of letters to write.
二、不定式句法功能
5.不定式作宾补（主+谓+宾+宾补）
1）see/hear/watch/notice/observe/find sb do的被动语态：
Sb. be seen/heard/watched/noticed/observed/found to do
例.We saw the car stop.
→The car was seen to stop
二、不定式句法功能
2）make/let sb. do的被动语态：
→sb. be made/let to do.
例. She made him give up smoking.
→He was made to give up smoking.
3)consider/think/believe sb (to be)+n.句式中to be 常常省略
例.我们认为他是一个好老师
We consider him (to be) a good teacher.
二、不定式句法功能
6. 不定式作状语
不定式可以作原因状语、目的状语、结果状语。
1）作原因状语
I am sorry to hear that.
I am so delighted to receive your letter.
例.我很荣幸能代表学校发表这个演讲。（代表on behalf of）
I am honored to make/deliver the speech on behalf of our school.
二、不定式句法功能
6. 不定式作状语
不定式可以作原因状语、目的状语、结果状语。
2）作目的状语
I am saving up to buy a car.
in order (not) to do和so as (not) to do.都表目的，后者不可以位于句首
例.为了研究大袋鼠，他来到了澳洲
In order to study kangaroos, he came to Australia..
二、不定式句法功能
6. 不定式作状语
不定式可以作原因状语、目的状语、结果状语。
3）作结果状语
不定式作结果状语常用于以下句型
①so/such......to do
We are not so stupid to buy his words.
②enough to do
He didn’t run fast enough to catch the train
③too......to do太......而不能
The tea is too hot to drink.
④only to do结果却...
I hurried to get there only to find him out.
二、不定式句法功能
be+不定式结构（表将来）
我们马上开始这项工作。
We are about___________(begin) the work.
这房间将要上锁。
The room is___________(lock).
2.疑问词+不定式
疑问词who,what,which,when,where,how,why后加不定式构成不定式短语
I don’t know whether_____________(go) to the meeting or not.
三、不定式其他常见结构
to begin
to be locked
to go
3. with+名词+to do(表未做）
With my homework_______(do), I shall not be able to go to the cinema with you.
With my homework_______(do), I breathed a sigh of relief.
With the Spring__________(come), everything comes back to life.
4. 用作独立成分的不定式
说老实话：
坦白说：
首先：
简言之：
三、不定式其他常见结构
to do
done
coming
to tell you the truth
to be frank\honest
to begin with
to be brief
四、练习
to journey
(2022·全国甲卷)A visually－challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ____________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ______________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
(2022·全国乙卷)__________________ (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media.
(2020·天津7月卷改编)Vinnie confirmed her ability ____________ (make) a full－length statue by highlighting the heavy labor she had done before.
to increase
To strengthen
to make
四、练习
to perform
to find
5. (全国Ⅰ卷)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid－1980s，and are expensive ____________ (perform) consistently over a large area.
6. (2023·九师联盟3月检测)He got up early and hurried to the bus station, only ____________ (find) the early train had gone.
7. The flu is believed ____________ (cause)by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
8. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars that road conditions need _______________ (improve).
to be caused
to be improved
Thanks
非谓语动词
高考复习专题
Part 3
不定式
一、不定式构成
1.动词不定式的构成：
基本形式：to + 动词原形（有时可不用to）
否定形式：not + to+动词原形
被动形式：to be done
完成形式：to have done
完成式的被动语态：to have been done
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语或状语。
二、不定式句法功能
1.作主语：
1）不定式作主语多表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的动作。
To walk to school takes me 15 minutes.(具体的)
→It takes/took sb.+时间+to do sth.
2）不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而把不定式放在谓语之后。
基本形式：it is+adj./n./-ed+(for sb.) to do.
戒烟是正确的。
It is right to give up smoking.
完成这项任务花了我3个小时
It takes me three hours to finish the task.
2. 不定式作宾语
1)动词+to do
规则下列动词只能用不定式作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀:
决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/ wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend
主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮 offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help(后面跟不定式作宾语时,to可以省略)
我选择学德语而不是学法语。
I choose to learn German rather than French.
二、不定式句法功能
二、不定式句法功能
特别注意介词to后要用动名词。
(1)介词后常跟动词－ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语，且前面有实义动词do时，不定式就要省略to。
(2)关注介词to的固定短语
·look forward to...期待，盼望……
·object to...反对……
·be devoted to...致力于……
·be opposed to...反对……
·adapt/adjust to...适应……
·lead to...导致……
二、不定式句法功能
2)动词+疑问词+to do
在连接代词(what/who/which)或连接副词(where/why/when)以及whether后面接一个带to的不定式，可以看成是宾语从句的省略形式。
I don’t know whether____________(answer) his letter.
I wonder what__________(do) next.
这类的动词有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, forget, find out, guess, imagine, know, learn, observe, remember, see, tell, teach, understand, wonder...
to answer
to do
二、不定式句法功能
3)动词+it+宾补+to do
此时，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的to do不定式
常用动词： make, find, feel, think, believe, consider
结构：make/find/feel think/believe/consider it+n/adj. +to do
当it后面是no use或no good时，to do 应改为doing
I find it hard to persuade her.
例1.我觉得回答这个问题很难
I think it hard to answer the question.
例2.我发现要吃完这顿饭是一个负担
I find it a burden to finish the meal/eat the whole food.
二、不定式句法功能
The event also encouraged her ____________ (found) the community.
They offered_________(do) some voluntary work during the school holidays.
The activity not only enabled us ________(learn) Chinese culture better but also promoted our friendship.
Mrs. Green objected to___________(advertise) the product.
When it comes to______________(play) badminton, her face is glowing with excitement.
He made it a rule _________ (read) English every day.
I don’t know whether_________(eat) first or to take a shower first.
I find it no use__________(organize) the discussion.
to found
to do
to learn
advertising
playing
to read
to eat
organizing
3. 不定式作表语
不定式作表语多表示某一次具体的、特定的或将来的动作。
My dream is to enter Beijing University.
主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, intention, plan, proposal, suggestion 等为中心词的名词词组, 表语用不定式说明其内容
My idea is___________(climb) the mountain from the north.
My suggestion is _____________(start) work at once.
二、不定式句法功能
to climb
to start
4. 不定式作定语
不定式作定语表示将来的动作。
1）the first/last to do
不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词,且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系。
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last _________ (leave) the school.
(2)to do修饰词常常是抽象名词，有:ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way等。
The ability ___________ (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.
The findings show a critical need (invest) in disaster prevention.
There is no point_________(argue) with him.
二、不定式句法功能
to leave
to express
to invest
arguing
4. 不定式作定语
不定式作定语表示将来的动作。
3）不定式与其修饰的名词之间在逻辑上有动宾关系。
I have a lot of work to do.
我有很多工作要做。
例.在周日，他总是有很多信要写。
On sundays, he always has a lot of letters to write.
二、不定式句法功能
5.不定式作宾补（主+谓+宾+宾补）
1）see/hear/watch/notice/observe/find sb do的被动语态：
Sb. be seen/heard/watched/noticed/observed/found to do
例.We saw the car stop.
→The car was seen to stop
二、不定式句法功能
2）make/let sb. do的被动语态：
→sb. be made/let to do.
例. She made him give up smoking.
→He was made to give up smoking.
3)consider/think/believe sb (to be)+n.句式中to be 常常省略
例.我们认为他是一个好老师
We consider him (to be) a good teacher.
二、不定式句法功能
6. 不定式作状语
不定式可以作原因状语、目的状语、结果状语。
1）作原因状语
I am sorry to hear that.
I am so delighted to receive your letter.
例.我很荣幸能代表学校发表这个演讲。（代表on behalf of）
I am honored to make/deliver the speech on behalf of our school.
二、不定式句法功能
6. 不定式作状语
不定式可以作原因状语、目的状语、结果状语。
2）作目的状语
I am saving up to buy a car.
in order (not) to do和so as (not) to do.都表目的，后者不可以位于句首
例.为了研究大袋鼠，他来到了澳洲
In order to study kangaroos, he came to Australia..
二、不定式句法功能
6. 不定式作状语
不定式可以作原因状语、目的状语、结果状语。
3）作结果状语
不定式作结果状语常用于以下句型
①so/such......to do
We are not so stupid to buy his words.
②enough to do
He didn’t run fast enough to catch the train
③too......to do太......而不能
The tea is too hot to drink.
④only to do结果却...
I hurried to get there only to find him out.
二、不定式句法功能
be+不定式结构（表将来）
我们马上开始这项工作。
We are about___________(begin) the work.
这房间将要上锁。
The room is___________(lock).
2.疑问词+不定式
疑问词who,what,which,when,where,how,why后加不定式构成不定式短语
I don’t know whether_____________(go) to the meeting or not.
三、不定式其他常见结构
to begin
to be locked
to go
3. with+名词+to do(表未做）
With my homework_______(do), I shall not be able to go to the cinema with you.
With my homework_______(do), I breathed a sigh of relief.
With the Spring__________(come), everything comes back to life.
4. 用作独立成分的不定式
说老实话：
坦白说：
首先：
简言之：
三、不定式其他常见结构
to do
done
coming
to tell you the truth
to be frank\honest
to begin with
to be brief
四、练习
to journey
(2022·全国甲卷)A visually－challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ____________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ______________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
(2022·全国乙卷)__________________ (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media.
(2020·天津7月卷改编)Vinnie confirmed her ability ____________ (make) a full－length statue by highlighting the heavy labor she had done before.
to increase
To strengthen
to make
四、练习
to perform
to find
5. (全国Ⅰ卷)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid－1980s，and are expensive ____________ (perform) consistently over a large area.
6. (2023·九师联盟3月检测)He got up early and hurried to the bus station, only ____________ (find) the early train had gone.
7. The flu is believed ____________ (cause)by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
8. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars that road conditions need _______________ (improve).
to be caused
to be improved
Thanks