中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
热点时事话题专练16文学艺术
主要内容
1 作家Joseph Luzzi的书《我的两个意大利》
2 由人文学科专业的大学生人数减少切入，论述人文学科正在逐渐消亡的对于文学的好处与坏处
3 黑人作家Abdulrazak Gurnah最近已获得诺贝尔文学奖，并介绍其生平故事
4 成年人和婴儿说话时使用婴儿语的原因，并就婴儿语的使用提出建议
5 学习英语文学带来的五个好处
6 从古典文学对学生的好处论述了古典文学在高中课程大纲中的重要性
7 四大名著的文化价值及影响
8 以"The Adaptation of the
Classical Literature"为题，用英语写一篇作文
一、阅读理解
（2023·石家庄模拟） 阅读理解
Stories of immigrants attract me a lot, especially the life stories of Italians who have come to America since the 1700s. In each of these stories I see elements of my own story, that of leaving my birthplace and family and creating a new life in a different culture and in a different language.
The child of Italian immigrants and an award-winning scholar of Italian literature, in the book My Two Italies Joseph Luzzi struggled to create or find his own identity from an early age. Even more problematic for him was "which" Italy to "choose," the one he inherited(继承) from his family, poor and linked to old traditions and customs he finds rude and somewhat cruel, or the one he finds in literature and art books that show him a country with a modern literary culture.
The choice becomes even sadder as in his professional life he becomes a scholar of Italian literature and culture. He describes episodes of his youth that show the clash between the first and the second generation immigrants that are both funny and tragicomic(悲喜剧式的). These episodes highlight the daily customs his parents brought from their hometown that are in conflict with Joseph's desire to "fit in" the American culture. Joseph's visits to Italy as a student and then as a scholar deepen the divide between his two Italies and highlight his quest for identity.
The author's personal changes are full of quotes and comments on the cultural and political landscape of Italy. I find that his insights on contemporary Italian cultural and political phenomena are particularly interesting. In this book, Joseph touches or comments in depth about several issues concerning Italian life, such as the relationship between dialects(方言) and the official "Italian" language, and the Southern "question" or the uneasy interaction between Northern and Southern Italians.
I enjoyed reading this book. It is personal, moving, educational and entertaining. I hope you will enioy it too!
1．Why is the author interested in stories of immigrants
A．He came to America in 1700.
B．He wants to live an Italian life.
C．He can see himself in these stories.
D．He likes to learn the Italian language.
2．Which of the following is more difficult for Joseph to deal with
A．Choosing right Italian identity.
B．Inheriting his parents' wealth.
C．Bridging the generation gap.
D．Becoming a literary scholar.
3．What does the underlined word "clash" mean in paragraph 3
A．Cooperation. B．Distance. C．Similarity. D．Conflict.
4．What is the text
A．A news report. B．A book review.
C．A children's story. D．A diary entry.
5．（2020·红桥模拟）阅读理解
You've
probably heard such reports. The number of college students majoring in the humanities (人文学科) is decreasing quickly. The news has caused a flood of high-minded essays
criticizing the development as a symbol of American decline.
The bright side is this: The destruction of
the humanities is, finally, coming to an end. No more will literature, as part of
an academic curriculum, put out the light of literature. No longer will the reading
of, say, "King Lear" or D.H.
Lawrence's "Women in Love" result
in the annoying stuff of multiple-choice quizzes, exam essays and homework assignments.
The discouraging fact is that for every college
professor who made Shakespeare or Lawrence come alive for the lucky few, there were
countless others who made the reading of literary masterpieces seem like two
hours in the dentist's chair.
The remarkably insignificant fact that, a half-century
ago, 14% of the undergraduate population majored in the humanities (mostly in literature,
but also in art, philosophy, history, classics and religion) as opposed to 7% today
has given rise to serious reflections on the nature and purpose of an education
in the liberal arts.
Such reflections always come to the same conclusion:
We are told that the lack of a formal education, mostly in literature, leads to
numerous harmful personal conditions, such as the inability to think critically,
to write clearly, to be curious about other people and places, to engage with great
literature after graduation, to recognize truth, beauty and goodness.
Literature changed my life long before I began
to study it in college. Books took me far from myself into experiences that had
nothing to do with my life, yet spoke to my life. But once in the college classroom,
this precious, alternate life inside me got thrown back into that dimension of my
existence that bored me. Homer, Chekhov and Yeats were reduced to right and wrong
answers, clear-cut themes and clever interpretations. If there is anything to worry
about, it should be the disappearance of what used to be an important part of every
high-school education: the literature survey course, where books were not academically
taught but thoroughly introduced—an experience
unaffected by stupid commentary and useless testing.
The literary classics are places of quiet, useless
stillness in a world that despises (鄙视) any activity that is not profitable or productive. Literature is too
sacred to be taught. It needs only to be read.
Soon, if all goes well and literature at last
disappears from the undergraduate curriculum—my fingers are crossed—increasing numbers
of people will be able to say that reading the literary masterworks of the past
outside the college classroom, simply in the course of living, was, in fact, their
college classroom.
（1）The sharp drop in the number of majors in the humanities ________.
A．has given rise to quite a shock in the intellectual world
B．promises the remarkable destruction of the humanities
C．shows more people read literature outside the classroom
D．has caused the author to reflect on the nature of literary creation
（2）The author mentions "two hours in the dentist's chair" in Paragraph 3 to indicate that ________.
A．the average literature class in college is two hours long
B．reading literary works is made unbearable by professors
C．it actually does not take long to read the classics of literature
D．college students don't spend much time on literary masterworks
（3）According to the author, the problem of literature teaching lies in the fact that ________.
A．It is a relatively recent phenomenon in education
B．literature teaching is not profitable or productive
C．people are interested in something more practical
D．it is turned into a soulless competition for grades
（4）Which of the following opinions may the author hold
A．The disappearance of literature should be strongly applauded.
B．Literature teaching can improve our critical thinking ability.
C．Reading literature doesn't require specialized knowledge and skills.
D．Literature should be taught through analyzing different writing styles.
（5）What is the author's purpose in writing the passage
A．To urge college students to read more literary classics.
B．To introduce the present situation of literature teaching.
C．To voice his opinion on the shrinkage of literature teaching.
D．To show his serious concern for college literature teaching.
（6）The overall tone of the passage is ________.
A．skeptical B．sympathetic
C．aggressive D．straightforward
（2023·南海模拟） 阅读理解
The Nobel Prize in literature has been awarded to the novelist Abdulrazak Gurnah，for his concern for refugees（难民）between cultures and continents. Gurnah，72，is the first black writer to receive the prize since Toni Morrison in 1993，and some observers saw his selection as a corrective after years of European and American Nobel winners.
Growing up in Zanzibar，Abdulrazak Gurnah never considered the possibility that he might one day be a writer. "It never occurred to me，" he said in an interview. Then，in 1964，a violent protest forced Gurnah，when he was 18，to escape to England. Poor and homesick，he began to write something about home in his diary，then longer passages，then stories about other people. Those reflections，the habit of writing to understand and document his own lives，eventually gave rise to his first novel，then nine more. They include Memory of Departure，Pilgrims Way and Dottie，which all deal with the immigrant experience in Britain；Paradise shortlisted for the Booker Prize in 1994，about a boy in an East African country hurt by colonialism；and Admiring Silence，about a young man who leaves Zanzibar for England，where he marries and becomes a teacher.
The news of Gurnah's Nobel was celebrated by fellow novelists and academics who have long argued that his work deserves a wider audience. His longtime editor，Alexandra Pringle at Bloomsbury，said Gurnah's win was "most deserved "for a writer. "He is one of the greatest living African writers，and no one has ever taken any notice of him and it's just killed me. I posted a video on the social network last week and in it I said that he was one of the people that had been just ignored. And now this has happened，"she said.
6．What inspired Abdulrazak to write
A．His good education background.
B．The stories he read about other people.
C．A protest led by people in his hometown.
D．His suffering when he first came to England.
7．What did Alexandra Pringle's words indicate
A．African writers should be valued more.
B．She would rather die than see him become famous.
C．Gurnah's books have aroused little attention online.
D．Gurnah's writing talent should be known to more people.
8．Where is this text most likely from
A．A novel. B．A diary. C．A newspaper. D．A brochure.
（2024高三上·白山模拟） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
In scientific literature, baby talk is called" parentese" and is a unique way of communicating with babies. Classic baby talk will include speaking at a higher pitch, with exaggerated(夸张的)intonation, simplified vocabulary, and repetitive phrases. It has a melodic quality, coupled with exaggerated facial expressions. Adults also tend to speak more slowly and emphasize key words or phrases when engaging in baby talk. What's the point of using such a ridiculous style of talking with babies Why not just talk to a baby with normal speech, like we'd talk to another adult
Primarily, we use baby talk to capture the baby's attention. The exaggerated vocalizations and facial expressions serve to engage the child's focus by being distinct from all the other noise and visual stimuli around the baby. Remember, the brain of a newborn baby is still developing and needs different cues to engage and learn something.
Baby talk also helps to establish an emotional connection between the adult and the baby. The melodic and nurturing tone conveys affection, love, and care. As a result, in a way, it reassures the child by giving them a sense of security.
Interestingly, there was a study where researchers tested 2,329 babies from 16 countries on their preference for this high-pitched, animated vocalization……babies love it when adults engage in baby talk. The study also revealed that babies from almost all cultures have an inherent love for baby talk.
Newborns can't speak, but they come ready to learn. Evidence suggests that human brains are primed to absorb and process linguistic input. The melodic patterns and símplified language of baby talk help infants differentiate speech sounds and identify keywords, facilitating more efficient language development.
However, it's important to strike a balance between baby talk and normal adult conversation as babies grow older and their language skills develop. As children become more proficient in understanding and producing language, adults should adapt and advance their cothmunication style accordingly.
9．Which of the following is the characteristic of baby talk
A．Vivid expressions. B．Rich information.
C．Complex grammar. D．Large vocabulary.
10．According to the passage, what's the function of baby talk
A．To entertain adults.
B．To form emotional bond.
C．To learn more about babies.
D．To help babies understand the adult world.
11．What does the last paragraph focus on
A．Describing a phenomenon. B．Offering advice.
C．Analyzing causes. D．Interpreting facts.
12．What is the passage mainly about
A．What is baby talk
B．Why can't adults talk like babies
C．How do babies talk with adults
D．Why can't adults talk normully to babies
二、任务型阅读
（2023·广东模拟）阅读短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
You should know that English Literature is one of the few courses in the world that can help you better understand the world around you and far from you. The benefits of studying English Literature are as follows.
Developing the ability of critical analysis
Being a master of English Literature allows you to be critical when analyzing a text. Even after learning, you will notice that you critically analyse every text you read, even when it does not demand it. 13． . It helps you think deeply about different situations and decisions before making them.
Creating broader opportunities
Understanding English Literature suggests that your knowledge of the English language is at full capacity creating a wider range of opportunities for the learner.
14． . For example, there are over sixty-seven different countries with English as their lingua franca （通用语）, which means that there are opportunities open in these countries for people with knowledge of English Literature.
15．
The English language is more than just the way we speak and a manner of communicating. There are in-depth meanings as to how the structuring and pronunciations in the English language work. Ini studying literary English, you are sure to see these deeper technicalities surrounding the English language, helping you understand better the use of the language.
Improving the ability of brief writing
16． . In learning, reading, and analyzing, one is bound to take notes to keep up with their analysis of a text. This act subconsciously（下意识地）helps to make any learner of literary English a better writer than before they started learning.
Getting to know historical and cultural knowledge
Reading classic English Literature is the shortest and easiest way to learn both history and culture of people and places. You are always surprised when you find the connection between the real facts and the story of the classic literature you read. 17．
A. Existing everywhere for a long time
B. Having a good command of English
C. You can use this skill in other areas of life
D. You are not limited in the choices you make
E. Among other things, it makes you a better writer
F. Like every other skill, critical thinking takes practice
G. It ends up being a sort of achievement in your learning
（2021·丰台模拟）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Case for Classics
Many high schoolers complain when they look at a course syllabus (大纲) for Chinese and see literary assignments that include The Story Of The Stone and other pieces of classic literature. 18． But there are some good reasons why reading the classics is an important part of a 21st century education.
19． As students explore texts that were written hundreds of years before, they peer through a window into the world as it was in those days. Being able to hear those voices from the past is a privilege young people should be grateful to have.
Furthermore, as students examine classic works, they begin to see the fabric of history from a different perspective. Absorbed with their own daily activities, most teens rarely think about the fact that human civilization has been around for a long time. 20． The experiences and perspectives of those people can provide important insights into the challenges that teenagers face today. The wording and style may have changed, but the underlying themes that stir the heart, including love, loss, courage, revolution, and humor, are as true today as they were for the authors of these early works.
One of the most important reasons to study classic literature, however, is to expand one's mind. 21． To illustrate this, a group of scientists gathered volunteers who agreed to have their brains scanned while reading phrases from classic literature in both their original form and in modern translations. The result of the study showed a significant increase in the brain activity of people reading the original texts.
22． It connects students to the history and values of the broader human community. It challenges their minds with the ideas and words of people who came before them. Therefore, if today's teens are going to grow as readers, writers, and critical thinkers, it is essential that classic literature remains a part of their education.
A. Clearly, that's why it is so important.
B. Classic literature is important in a high school education.
C. These were things that were on people's minds at that time.
D. Students often wonder why they have to study "ancient" writing.
E. Reading writings from long ago can be like stepping into a time machine.
F. Nor do they realize their lives are connected to the lives of the ancient people.
G. Learning to appreciate an unfamiliar style of writing can stretch the brain and help it grow stronger.
三、语法填空
（2024高三上·大连模拟） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has a long history of more than 5000 years. In the vastness of history, Chinese traditional culture constantly shows 23． (it) unique charm and is deeply loved and appreciated by people around the world. Among the ancient Chinese literature, the Four Great Classical Novels, also referred to as the four greatest and most 24． (influence) novels written in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, stand out.
25． the four novels have in common is that they were written in the vernacular(白话文) of their times 26． most ancient literature that was written in the classical style of writing. Most Chinese are familiar with the figures, plots and scenes in the four novels. They have 27． (dramatic) affected the mentality, ideas and values of Chinese people They were widely read by people and contained philosophical ideas, history and viewpoints about human society that 28． (define) part of the worldviews of the scholar and the 29． (political),which had 30． significant effect on the development of Chinese societies in past eras.
Nowadays, they have already been adapted into movies or TV series, 31． (favor) by lots of audiences. Bein g high in artistic standard, the Four Great Classical Novels are precious heritage of Chinese nation and 32． (strike) works in the history of Chinese literature.
四、书面表达
33．（2019·如皋模拟）请根据你对下图的理解，以"The Adaptation of the
Classical Literature"为题，用英语写一篇作文。
写作内容：①简要描述该图的内容；②概述你对该图所反映的现象的理解和看法(背后的原因以及该现象对人们带来的潜在的影响)；③举例说明针对这一现象我们能做些什么。
写作要求：①可参照图画适当发挥；②作文字数：150字；③作文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。
参考词汇：剧作家playwright；电影编剧scriptwriter。
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
热点时事话题专练16文学艺术
主要内容
1 作家Joseph Luzzi的书《我的两个意大利》
2 由人文学科专业的大学生人数减少切入，论述人文学科正在逐渐消亡的对于文学的好处与坏处
3 黑人作家Abdulrazak Gurnah最近已获得诺贝尔文学奖，并介绍其生平故事
4 成年人和婴儿说话时使用婴儿语的原因，并就婴儿语的使用提出建议
5 学习英语文学带来的五个好处
6 从古典文学对学生的好处论述了古典文学在高中课程大纲中的重要性
7 四大名著的文化价值及影响
8 以"The Adaptation of the
Classical Literature"为题，用英语写一篇作文
一、阅读理解
（2023·石家庄模拟） 阅读理解
Stories of immigrants attract me a lot, especially the life stories of Italians who have come to America since the 1700s. In each of these stories I see elements of my own story, that of leaving my birthplace and family and creating a new life in a different culture and in a different language.
The child of Italian immigrants and an award-winning scholar of Italian literature, in the book My Two Italies Joseph Luzzi struggled to create or find his own identity from an early age. Even more problematic for him was "which" Italy to "choose," the one he inherited(继承) from his family, poor and linked to old traditions and customs he finds rude and somewhat cruel, or the one he finds in literature and art books that show him a country with a modern literary culture.
The choice becomes even sadder as in his professional life he becomes a scholar of Italian literature and culture. He describes episodes of his youth that show the clash between the first and the second generation immigrants that are both funny and tragicomic(悲喜剧式的). These episodes highlight the daily customs his parents brought from their hometown that are in conflict with Joseph's desire to "fit in" the American culture. Joseph's visits to Italy as a student and then as a scholar deepen the divide between his two Italies and highlight his quest for identity.
The author's personal changes are full of quotes and comments on the cultural and political landscape of Italy. I find that his insights on contemporary Italian cultural and political phenomena are particularly interesting. In this book, Joseph touches or comments in depth about several issues concerning Italian life, such as the relationship between dialects(方言) and the official "Italian" language, and the Southern "question" or the uneasy interaction between Northern and Southern Italians.
I enjoyed reading this book. It is personal, moving, educational and entertaining. I hope you will enioy it too!
1．Why is the author interested in stories of immigrants
A．He came to America in 1700.
B．He wants to live an Italian life.
C．He can see himself in these stories.
D．He likes to learn the Italian language.
2．Which of the following is more difficult for Joseph to deal with
A．Choosing right Italian identity.
B．Inheriting his parents' wealth.
C．Bridging the generation gap.
D．Becoming a literary scholar.
3．What does the underlined word "clash" mean in paragraph 3
A．Cooperation. B．Distance. C．Similarity. D．Conflict.
4．What is the text
A．A news report. B．A book review.
C．A children's story. D．A diary entry.
【答案】1．C
2．A
3．D
4．B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇书评，推荐了作家Joseph Luzzi的书《我的两个意大利》，介绍了这本书的写作背景、内容以及作者对这本书的看法。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文学类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
1．考查细节理解。根据第一段"Stories of immigrants attract me a lot, especially the life stories of Italians who have come to America since the 1700s. In each of these stories I see elements of my own story, that of leaving my birthplace and family and creating a new life in a different culture and in a different language."移民的故事很吸引我，尤其是18世纪以来来到美国的意大利人的生活故事。在每一个故事中，我都看到了我自己故事的元素，那就是离开我的出生地和家庭，在不同的文化和语言中开始新的生活。可知，作者喜欢读移民的故事是因为从中看到了自己的故事。故选C。
2．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"Even more problematic for him was ‘which' Italy to "choose," the one he inherited(继承) from his family, poor and linked to old traditions and customs he finds rude and somewhat cruel, or the one he finds in literature and art books that show him a country with a modern literary culture."对他来说，更大的问题是"选择"哪个意大利，是他从贫穷的家庭继承而来，与他认为粗鲁甚至有些残忍的古老传统和习俗联系在一起的意大利，还是他从文学和艺术书籍中发现的一个向他展示了一个拥有现代文学文化的国家。可知，Joseph觉得很难去选择自己属于哪一个意大利。故选A。
3．考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的"These episodes highlight the daily customs his parents brought from their hometown that are in conflict with Joseph's desire to‘fit in' the American culture. Joseph's visits to Italy as a student and then as a scholar deepen the divide between his two Italies and highlight his quest for identity."这些情节突出了他父母从家乡带来的日常习俗，这与Joseph"融入"美国文化的愿望相冲突。Joseph作为学生和学者访问意大利加深了他的两个意大利之间的分歧，并突出了他对身份的追求)"可知，划线词 clash 的意思是"冲突、分歧"，故选D。
4．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"The child of Italian immigrants and an award-winning scholar of Italian literature, in the book My Two Italies Joseph Luzzi struggled to create or find his own identity from an early age."作为意大利移民的孩子和获奖的意大利文学学者，Joseph Luzzi在《我的两个意大利》一书中从小就努力创造或寻找自己的身份。可知，作者阅读了Joseph Luzzi的这本书；以及最后一段"I enjoyed reading this book. It is personal, moving, educational and entertaining. I hope you will enjoy it too!"我喜欢读这本书。它是个人的、感人的、有教育意义的和娱乐的。我希望你也会喜欢它！可判断，本文是一篇书评，是作者在看了Joseph Luzzi的书《我的两个意大利》给出的评价。故选B。
5．（2020·红桥模拟）阅读理解
You've
probably heard such reports. The number of college students majoring in the humanities (人文学科) is decreasing quickly. The news has caused a flood of high-minded essays
criticizing the development as a symbol of American decline.
The bright side is this: The destruction of
the humanities is, finally, coming to an end. No more will literature, as part of
an academic curriculum, put out the light of literature. No longer will the reading
of, say, "King Lear" or D.H.
Lawrence's "Women in Love" result
in the annoying stuff of multiple-choice quizzes, exam essays and homework assignments.
The discouraging fact is that for every college
professor who made Shakespeare or Lawrence come alive for the lucky few, there were
countless others who made the reading of literary masterpieces seem like two
hours in the dentist's chair.
The remarkably insignificant fact that, a half-century
ago, 14% of the undergraduate population majored in the humanities (mostly in literature,
but also in art, philosophy, history, classics and religion) as opposed to 7% today
has given rise to serious reflections on the nature and purpose of an education
in the liberal arts.
Such reflections always come to the same conclusion:
We are told that the lack of a formal education, mostly in literature, leads to
numerous harmful personal conditions, such as the inability to think critically,
to write clearly, to be curious about other people and places, to engage with great
literature after graduation, to recognize truth, beauty and goodness.
Literature changed my life long before I began
to study it in college. Books took me far from myself into experiences that had
nothing to do with my life, yet spoke to my life. But once in the college classroom,
this precious, alternate life inside me got thrown back into that dimension of my
existence that bored me. Homer, Chekhov and Yeats were reduced to right and wrong
answers, clear-cut themes and clever interpretations. If there is anything to worry
about, it should be the disappearance of what used to be an important part of every
high-school education: the literature survey course, where books were not academically
taught but thoroughly introduced—an experience
unaffected by stupid commentary and useless testing.
The literary classics are places of quiet, useless
stillness in a world that despises (鄙视) any activity that is not profitable or productive. Literature is too
sacred to be taught. It needs only to be read.
Soon, if all goes well and literature at last
disappears from the undergraduate curriculum—my fingers are crossed—increasing numbers
of people will be able to say that reading the literary masterworks of the past
outside the college classroom, simply in the course of living, was, in fact, their
college classroom.
（1）The sharp drop in the number of majors in the humanities ________.
A．has given rise to quite a shock in the intellectual world
B．promises the remarkable destruction of the humanities
C．shows more people read literature outside the classroom
D．has caused the author to reflect on the nature of literary creation
（2）The author mentions "two hours in the dentist's chair" in Paragraph 3 to indicate that ________.
A．the average literature class in college is two hours long
B．reading literary works is made unbearable by professors
C．it actually does not take long to read the classics of literature
D．college students don't spend much time on literary masterworks
（3）According to the author, the problem of literature teaching lies in the fact that ________.
A．It is a relatively recent phenomenon in education
B．literature teaching is not profitable or productive
C．people are interested in something more practical
D．it is turned into a soulless competition for grades
（4）Which of the following opinions may the author hold
A．The disappearance of literature should be strongly applauded.
B．Literature teaching can improve our critical thinking ability.
C．Reading literature doesn't require specialized knowledge and skills.
D．Literature should be taught through analyzing different writing styles.
（5）What is the author's purpose in writing the passage
A．To urge college students to read more literary classics.
B．To introduce the present situation of literature teaching.
C．To voice his opinion on the shrinkage of literature teaching.
D．To show his serious concern for college literature teaching.
（6）The overall tone of the passage is ________.
A．skeptical B．sympathetic
C．aggressive D．straightforward
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）D
（4）C
（5）C
（6）D
【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文由人文学科专业的大学生人数减少切入，论述人文学科正在逐渐消亡的对于文学的好处与坏处。又从历史和社会的角度介绍了文学教育的必要性以及发展变化，结合了作者的亲身经历，向人们表达了自己对人文学科正在逐渐消亡这一现象的看法。
（1）细节理解题。根据第一段“The news has caused a flood of high-minded essays criticizing the development as a symbol of American decline.”可知，人文学科专业的大学生人数正在迅速减少这一消息引起了社会的强烈反响，故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段“The discouraging fact is that for every college professor who made Shakespeare or Lawrence come alive”可知很少有大学教授能把文学作品讲的绘声绘色，大部分的文学课都是无聊的，故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据倒数第三段If there is anything to worry about, it should be the disappearance of what used to be an important part of every high-school education: the literature survey course, where books were not academically taught but thoroughly introduced—an experience unaffected by stupid commentary and useless testing.可知 如果说有什么需要担心的话，那就是曾经是每所高中教育重要组成部分的文学概览课程(literature survey course)的消失。在这门课上，书籍不是通过学术方式教授的，而是通过彻底的介绍——这种体验不会受到愚蠢的评论和无用的测试的影响。 作者对这种教学方式的消失表示担心，也就是现在的文学教学变得和以前不一样了，D项表达的意思与以前的艺术教学相悖，故选D。
（4）细节理解题。 根据倒数第二段“Literature is too sacred to be taught. It needs only to be read.”可知文学需要阅读，不需要太多的技巧。故选C。
（5）主旨大意题。作者多角度的介绍了文学教育的发展和现状，而且结合了自身文学经历、体验。A、B、D选项过于片面，故选C。
（6）观点态度题。作者写整篇文章都是在直接论述人文学科正在逐渐消亡的对于文学的好处与坏处，介绍原因，介绍影响，所以整篇文章的写作基调就是直接叙述，故选D。
【点评】考查阅读理解。涉及细节理解题，主旨大意题和观点态度题。细节理解题要注意仔细阅读文章找出答案；主旨大意题要注意了解文章大意后找出中心思想，观点态度题要注意作者的写作方法和写作语言，推断作者的态度。
（2023·南海模拟） 阅读理解
The Nobel Prize in literature has been awarded to the novelist Abdulrazak Gurnah，for his concern for refugees（难民）between cultures and continents. Gurnah，72，is the first black writer to receive the prize since Toni Morrison in 1993，and some observers saw his selection as a corrective after years of European and American Nobel winners.
Growing up in Zanzibar，Abdulrazak Gurnah never considered the possibility that he might one day be a writer. "It never occurred to me，" he said in an interview. Then，in 1964，a violent protest forced Gurnah，when he was 18，to escape to England. Poor and homesick，he began to write something about home in his diary，then longer passages，then stories about other people. Those reflections，the habit of writing to understand and document his own lives，eventually gave rise to his first novel，then nine more. They include Memory of Departure，Pilgrims Way and Dottie，which all deal with the immigrant experience in Britain；Paradise shortlisted for the Booker Prize in 1994，about a boy in an East African country hurt by colonialism；and Admiring Silence，about a young man who leaves Zanzibar for England，where he marries and becomes a teacher.
The news of Gurnah's Nobel was celebrated by fellow novelists and academics who have long argued that his work deserves a wider audience. His longtime editor，Alexandra Pringle at Bloomsbury，said Gurnah's win was "most deserved "for a writer. "He is one of the greatest living African writers，and no one has ever taken any notice of him and it's just killed me. I posted a video on the social network last week and in it I said that he was one of the people that had been just ignored. And now this has happened，"she said.
6．What inspired Abdulrazak to write
A．His good education background.
B．The stories he read about other people.
C．A protest led by people in his hometown.
D．His suffering when he first came to England.
7．What did Alexandra Pringle's words indicate
A．African writers should be valued more.
B．She would rather die than see him become famous.
C．Gurnah's books have aroused little attention online.
D．Gurnah's writing talent should be known to more people.
8．Where is this text most likely from
A．A novel. B．A diary. C．A newspaper. D．A brochure.
【答案】6．D
7．D
8．C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，报道了黑人作家Abdulrazak Gurnah最近已获得诺贝尔文学奖，并介绍其生平故事。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
6．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Poor and homesick,he began to write something about home in his diary, then longer passages, then stories about other people. Those reflections, the habit of writing to understand and document his own lives, eventually gave rise to his first novel, then nine more."由于贫穷和思乡，他开始在日记中写一些关于家的东西，然后是更长的文章，然后是其他人的故事。这些反思，通过写作来理解和记录自己的生活的习惯，最终催生了他的第一部小说，后来又有九部。可知，最初促使他开始写作的是他初到英国后所经历的贫困与想家。故选D。
7．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"His longtime editor, Alexandra Pringle at Bloomsbury, said Gurnah's win was ‘most deserved' for a writer. ‘He is one of the greatest living African writers, and no one has ever taken any notice of him and it's just killed me. I posted a video on the social network last week and in it I said that he was one of the people that had been just ignored. And now this has happened,' she said."他的长期编辑、布卢姆斯伯里出版社的亚历山德拉·普林格尔说，古尔纳的获奖是作家"应得的"。"他是在世的最伟大的非洲作家之一，但从来没有人注意过他，这让我很难过。上周，我在社交网络上发布了一段视频，在视频中我说，他是被忽视的人之一。现在这种情况真得发生了。可知，普林格尔认为，以前古尔纳及其作品被人们忽视，重视不够。可推知，亚历山德拉·普林格尔认为古尔纳及其写作才华理应被更多人了解。故选D。
8．考查推理判断。根据第一段"The Nobel Prize in literature has been awarded to the novelist Abdulrazak Gurnah, for his concern for refugees(难民)between cultures and continents. Gurnah, 72, is the first black writer to receive the prize since Toni Morrison in 1993, and some observers saw his selection as a corrective after years of European and American Nobel winners." 诺贝尔文学奖被授予小说家阿卜杜拉扎克·古尔纳，以表彰他对不同文化和大陆之间难民的关注。72岁的古尔纳是1993年托尼·莫里森之后首位获得诺贝尔文学奖的黑人作家。一些观察人士认为，在欧洲和美国多年获得诺贝尔奖之后，他的入选是一种纠正；以及下文可知，本文公布了最新一届诺贝尔奖获得者。可推知，这是一篇新闻报道，第一段作为新闻的导语。故选C。
（2024高三上·白山模拟） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
In scientific literature, baby talk is called" parentese" and is a unique way of communicating with babies. Classic baby talk will include speaking at a higher pitch, with exaggerated(夸张的)intonation, simplified vocabulary, and repetitive phrases. It has a melodic quality, coupled with exaggerated facial expressions. Adults also tend to speak more slowly and emphasize key words or phrases when engaging in baby talk. What's the point of using such a ridiculous style of talking with babies Why not just talk to a baby with normal speech, like we'd talk to another adult
Primarily, we use baby talk to capture the baby's attention. The exaggerated vocalizations and facial expressions serve to engage the child's focus by being distinct from all the other noise and visual stimuli around the baby. Remember, the brain of a newborn baby is still developing and needs different cues to engage and learn something.
Baby talk also helps to establish an emotional connection between the adult and the baby. The melodic and nurturing tone conveys affection, love, and care. As a result, in a way, it reassures the child by giving them a sense of security.
Interestingly, there was a study where researchers tested 2,329 babies from 16 countries on their preference for this high-pitched, animated vocalization……babies love it when adults engage in baby talk. The study also revealed that babies from almost all cultures have an inherent love for baby talk.
Newborns can't speak, but they come ready to learn. Evidence suggests that human brains are primed to absorb and process linguistic input. The melodic patterns and símplified language of baby talk help infants differentiate speech sounds and identify keywords, facilitating more efficient language development.
However, it's important to strike a balance between baby talk and normal adult conversation as babies grow older and their language skills develop. As children become more proficient in understanding and producing language, adults should adapt and advance their cothmunication style accordingly.
9．Which of the following is the characteristic of baby talk
A．Vivid expressions. B．Rich information.
C．Complex grammar. D．Large vocabulary.
10．According to the passage, what's the function of baby talk
A．To entertain adults.
B．To form emotional bond.
C．To learn more about babies.
D．To help babies understand the adult world.
11．What does the last paragraph focus on
A．Describing a phenomenon. B．Offering advice.
C．Analyzing causes. D．Interpreting facts.
12．What is the passage mainly about
A．What is baby talk
B．Why can't adults talk like babies
C．How do babies talk with adults
D．Why can't adults talk normully to babies
【答案】9．A
10．B
11．B
12．D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，解释了成年人和婴儿说话时使用婴儿语的原因，并就婴儿语的使用提出建议。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，段落大意和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
9．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"It has a melodic quality, coupled with exaggerated facial expressions."它有旋律的特质，加上夸张的面部表情。可知，"生动的表情"是婴儿语的一个特征。故选A。
10．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Baby talk also helps to establish an emotional connection between the adult and the baby."婴儿语也有助于在成人和婴儿之间建立情感联系。可知，婴儿语的作用是建立情感联系，故选B。
11．考查段落大意。根据最后一段"However, it's important to strike a balance between baby talk and normal adult conversation as babies grow older and their language skills develop. As children become more proficient in understanding and producing language, adults should adapt and advance their cothmunication style accordingly."然而，随着婴儿年龄的增长和语言技能的发展，在婴儿语和正常的成人对话之间取得平衡是很重要的。随着孩子们对语言的理解和表达越来越熟练，成年人也应该相应地调整和推进他们的沟通方式。可知，本段是说随着婴儿的成长，成年人要在婴儿语和正常的成人对话之间取得平衡，调整和推进与孩子的沟通方式。可推知，本段主要是就婴儿语的使用提建议。故选B。
12．考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的"Why not just talk to a baby with normal speech, like we'd talk to another adult "为什么不用正常的语言和婴儿说话，就像我们和另一个成年人说话一样？可知，文章解释了成年人和婴儿说话时使用婴儿语的原因。"为什么成年人不正常地和婴儿说话？"能够概括文章的主旨，故选D。
二、任务型阅读
（2023·广东模拟）阅读短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
You should know that English Literature is one of the few courses in the world that can help you better understand the world around you and far from you. The benefits of studying English Literature are as follows.
Developing the ability of critical analysis
Being a master of English Literature allows you to be critical when analyzing a text. Even after learning, you will notice that you critically analyse every text you read, even when it does not demand it. 13． . It helps you think deeply about different situations and decisions before making them.
Creating broader opportunities
Understanding English Literature suggests that your knowledge of the English language is at full capacity creating a wider range of opportunities for the learner.
14． . For example, there are over sixty-seven different countries with English as their lingua franca （通用语）, which means that there are opportunities open in these countries for people with knowledge of English Literature.
15．
The English language is more than just the way we speak and a manner of communicating. There are in-depth meanings as to how the structuring and pronunciations in the English language work. Ini studying literary English, you are sure to see these deeper technicalities surrounding the English language, helping you understand better the use of the language.
Improving the ability of brief writing
16． . In learning, reading, and analyzing, one is bound to take notes to keep up with their analysis of a text. This act subconsciously（下意识地）helps to make any learner of literary English a better writer than before they started learning.
Getting to know historical and cultural knowledge
Reading classic English Literature is the shortest and easiest way to learn both history and culture of people and places. You are always surprised when you find the connection between the real facts and the story of the classic literature you read. 17．
A. Existing everywhere for a long time
B. Having a good command of English
C. You can use this skill in other areas of life
D. You are not limited in the choices you make
E. Among other things, it makes you a better writer
F. Like every other skill, critical thinking takes practice
G. It ends up being a sort of achievement in your learning
【答案】13．C；14．D；15．B；16．E；17．G
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了学习英语文学带来的五个好处：发展批判思维、创造更多机会、掌握好英语、提高英语写作能力、获得文史知识。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇介绍类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
13．根据空前"Being a master of English Literature allows you to be critical when analyzing a text. Even after learning, you will notice that you critically analyse every text you read, even when it does not demand it."在地下很难获得任何信号，这排除了发短信或使用互联网的可能性，但你仍然可以使用手机。人们全神贯注于玩游戏、阅读文章和听音乐。可知精通English Literature 可以让人具备批 判性思维；以及空后"It helps you think deeply about different situations and decisions before making them."它可以帮助你在做出决定之前深入思考不同的情况和决定。提到different situations and decisions，这与C选项中的in other areas of life 相匹 配。因此推断 C. You can use this skill in other areas of life "你可以在生活的其他领域使用这个技能"符合语境。故选C。
14．根据空前"Understanding English Literature suggests that your knowledge of the English language is at full capacity creating a wider range of opportunities for the learner."理解英国文学表明你的英语语言知识是充分发挥的，为学习者创造了更广泛的机会；以及空后"For example, there are over sixty-seven different countries with English as their lingua franca (通用语), which means that there are opportunities open in these countries for people with knowledge of English Literature."例如，有超过67个不同的国家将英语作为他们的通用语，这意味着在这些国家有机会为具有英国文学知识的人开放。可知，面对67个英语国家的众多机会，你所做的选择并不受限制， D. You are not limited in the choices you make "你所做的选择不受限制"符合语境。故选D。
15．根据空后"The English language is more than just the way we speak and a manner of communicating. There are in-depth meanings as to how the structuring and pronunciations in the English language work. In studying literary English, you are sure to see these deeper technicalities surrounding the English language, helping you understand better the use of the language."英语不仅仅是我们说话的方式和交流的方式。英语语言的结构和发音是如何起作用的，有着深刻的意义。在学习文学英语的过程中，你肯定会看到这些围绕英语语言的更深层次的专业术语，帮助你更好地理解语言的使用。可推断出该段主要围绕学习English Literature可以帮助人们更好地理解英语这门语言，更好地掌握英语。 B. Having a good command of English "精通英语"符合语境，故选B。
16．根据本段小标题"Improving the ability of brief writing"提高短文写作能力；以及空后"This act subconsciously (下意识地)helps to make any learner of literary English a better writer than before they started learning."这种下意识的行为有助于使任何文学英语学习者成为比他们开始学习之前更好的作家。可知，学习英语文学有助于我们成为更好的writer，E. Among other things, it makes you a better writer"除此之外，它会让你成为一个更好的作家"，符合语境，故选E。
17．根据本段小标题"Getting to know historical and cultural knowledge"了解历史文化知识；以及空前"Reading classic English Literature is the shortest and easiest way to learn both history and culture of people and places. You are always surprised when you find the connection between the real facts and the story of the classic literature you read."阅读经典的英国文学是学习人和地方的历史和文化的最短和最简单的方法。当你发现真实的事实和你所读的经典文学故事之间的联系时，你总是会感到惊讶。可知，读文学经典作品可以了解文史知识，进而发现真实的事实和你所读的经典文学故事之间的联系，这些都可以看作是"achievement"，因此， G. It ends up being a sort of achievement in your learning "它最终会成为你学习中的一种成就"符合上下句的逻辑关系。故选G。
（2021·丰台模拟）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Case for Classics
Many high schoolers complain when they look at a course syllabus (大纲) for Chinese and see literary assignments that include The Story Of The Stone and other pieces of classic literature. 18． But there are some good reasons why reading the classics is an important part of a 21st century education.
19． As students explore texts that were written hundreds of years before, they peer through a window into the world as it was in those days. Being able to hear those voices from the past is a privilege young people should be grateful to have.
Furthermore, as students examine classic works, they begin to see the fabric of history from a different perspective. Absorbed with their own daily activities, most teens rarely think about the fact that human civilization has been around for a long time. 20． The experiences and perspectives of those people can provide important insights into the challenges that teenagers face today. The wording and style may have changed, but the underlying themes that stir the heart, including love, loss, courage, revolution, and humor, are as true today as they were for the authors of these early works.
One of the most important reasons to study classic literature, however, is to expand one's mind. 21． To illustrate this, a group of scientists gathered volunteers who agreed to have their brains scanned while reading phrases from classic literature in both their original form and in modern translations. The result of the study showed a significant increase in the brain activity of people reading the original texts.
22． It connects students to the history and values of the broader human community. It challenges their minds with the ideas and words of people who came before them. Therefore, if today's teens are going to grow as readers, writers, and critical thinkers, it is essential that classic literature remains a part of their education.
A. Clearly, that's why it is so important.
B. Classic literature is important in a high school education.
C. These were things that were on people's minds at that time.
D. Students often wonder why they have to study "ancient" writing.
E. Reading writings from long ago can be like stepping into a time machine.
F. Nor do they realize their lives are connected to the lives of the ancient people.
G. Learning to appreciate an unfamiliar style of writing can stretch the brain and help it grow stronger.
【答案】18．D；19．E；20．F；21．G；22．B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，从古典文学对学生的好处论述了古典文学在高中课程大纲中的重要性。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
18．根据空前“Many high schoolers complain when they look at a course syllabus (大纲) for Chinese and see literary assignments that include The Story Of The Stone and other pieces of classic literature.”许多高中生看到语文课程大纲，看到文学作业包括《石头记》和其他经典文学作品时，都会抱怨；以及空后“But there are some good reasons why reading the classics is an important part of a 21st century education.”但是，阅读经典著作是21世纪教育的一个重要组成部分，有一些很好的理由。可知，上文讲学生在阅读古典文学作品时会抱怨，下文进行转折讲阅读古典著作也有一些很好的理由，可得出该空填写内容应与学生不理解阅读古典文学的目的和理由相关，承接上下文， D. Students often wonder why they have to study "ancient" writing.“学生们常常想知道为什么他们要学习‘古代'文字作品。”符合语境，故选D。
19．根据空后“As students explore texts that were written hundreds of years before, they peer through a window into the world as it was in those days.”当学生们探索几百年前写的课文时，他们透过窗户窥视着当时的世界。可知，下文讲阅读几百年前的文章，学生就像透过窗户窥视着几百年前的世界。其中“a window into the world as it was in those days”对应E选项中的“a time machine”，都指能够了解过去发生的事，承接下文，E. Reading writings from long ago can be like stepping into a time machine.“阅读很久以前的作品就像踏进时间机器。”符合语境，故选E。
20．根据空前“Absorbed with their own daily activities, most teens rarely think about the fact that human civilization has been around for a long time.”大多数青少年沉迷于自己的日常活动，很少想到人类文明已经存在了很长一段时间。可知，上文批判了青少年对古典文学作品的漠视，那么该空极有可能再次批判青少年漠视古典文学这一问题，承接上文，F. Nor do they realize their lives are connected to the lives of the ancient people.“他们也没有意识到自己的生活与古人的生活息息相关。”符合语境。故选F。
21．根据空前“One of the most important reasons to study classic literature, however, is to expand one's mind.”然而，研究古典文学最重要的一个原因是开拓自己的视野；以及空后“To illustrate this, a group of scientists gathered volunteers who agreed to have their brains scanned while reading phrases from classic literature in both their original form and in modern translations. The result of the study showed a significant increase in the brain activity of people reading the original texts.”为了说明这一点，一组科学家召集了一些志愿者，他们同意在阅读古典文学中的短语（原始形式和现代翻译形式）时，对他们的大脑进行扫描。研究结果显示，阅读原文的人大脑活动显著增加。可知，阅读古典文学这种与现代文学风格不同的文学形式，人能开拓大脑，大脑更活跃、更强壮，承接上下文，G. Learning to appreciate an unfamiliar style of writing can stretch the brain and help it grow stronger.“学会欣赏一种不熟悉的写作风格可以拉伸大脑，帮助它变得更强壮。”符合语境，故选G。
22．根据空前“Many high schoolers complain when they look at a course syllabus (大纲) for Chinese and see literary assignments that include The Story Of The Stone and other pieces of classic literature.”许多高中生看到语文课程大纲，看到文学作业包括《石头记》和其他经典文学作品时，都会抱怨。上文关于“古典文学对学生的好处”；以及空后“It connects students to the history and values of the broader human community. It challenges their minds with the ideas and words of people who came before them. Therefore, if today's teens are going to grow as readers, writers, and critical thinkers, it is essential that classic literature remains a part of their education.”它将学生与更广泛的人类社会的历史和价值观联系起来。它挑战他们的思想与前面的人的话。因此，如果今天的青少年要成长为读者、作家和批判性思想者，古典文学仍然是他们教育中至关重要的一部分。可知，全文从古典文学对学生的好处论述了古典文学在高中课程大纲中的重要性，说明古典文学在高中教育中很重要，承接上下文，B. Classic literature is important in a high school education.“古典文学在高中教育中占有重要地位。”符合语境，故选B。
三、语法填空
（2024高三上·大连模拟） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has a long history of more than 5000 years. In the vastness of history, Chinese traditional culture constantly shows 23． (it) unique charm and is deeply loved and appreciated by people around the world. Among the ancient Chinese literature, the Four Great Classical Novels, also referred to as the four greatest and most 24． (influence) novels written in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, stand out.
25． the four novels have in common is that they were written in the vernacular(白话文) of their times 26． most ancient literature that was written in the classical style of writing. Most Chinese are familiar with the figures, plots and scenes in the four novels. They have 27． (dramatic) affected the mentality, ideas and values of Chinese people They were widely read by people and contained philosophical ideas, history and viewpoints about human society that 28． (define) part of the worldviews of the scholar and the 29． (political),which had 30． significant effect on the development of Chinese societies in past eras.
Nowadays, they have already been adapted into movies or TV series, 31． (favor) by lots of audiences. Bein g high in artistic standard, the Four Great Classical Novels are precious heritage of Chinese nation and 32． (strike) works in the history of Chinese literature.
【答案】23．its；24．influential；25．What；26．unlike；27．dramatically；28．defined；29．politician；30．a；31．favored（favoured）；32．striking
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了四大名著的文化价值及影响。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及代词，形容词，主语从句，介词，副词，时态，名词，冠词，非谓语动词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
23．句意：在浩瀚的历史长河中，中国传统文化不断显示出独特的魅力，深受世界人民的喜爱和欣赏。修饰名词短语unique charm，应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
24．句意：在中国古代文学中，《四大名著》，也被称为明清时期最伟大、最具影响力的四部小说，脱颖而出。根据"most"和"novels"可知，此处形容词作定语，故填influential。
25．句意：这四部小说的共同之处在于，它们都是用它们那个时代的白话文写成的，不像用古典文体写成的最古老的文学作品。 the four novels have in common 是主语从句，从句缺have的宾语，指代"相同之处"，应用what引导。故填What。
26．句意：这四部小说的共同之处在于，它们都是用他们那个时代的白话文写成的，不像用古典文体写成的最古老的文学作品。根据句意可知，这四部小说都是用那个时代的白话文写成的，不像用古典文体写成的文学作品。介词unlike表示"不像"，故填unlike。
27．句意：他们极大地影响了中国人的心态、思想和价值观。此处副词作状语，修饰动词affected，故填dramatically。
28．句意：它们被人们广泛阅读，包含了哲学思想、历史和关于人类社会的观点，这些观点阐明了学者和政治家的部分世界观，对过去中国社会的发展产生了重大影响。此处是定语从句的谓语动词，描述过去的事情用一般过去时，故填defined。
29．句意：它们被人们广泛阅读，包含了哲学思想、历史和关于人类社会的观点，这些观点阐明了学者和政治家的部分世界观，对过去中国社会的发展产生了重大影响。根据"the scholar and the"可知，空处应用名词，结合句意可知，此处表示"政治家"，politician作名词，表示"政治家"与"the scholar"并列，用名词单数。故填politician。
30．句意：它们被人们广泛阅读，包含了哲学思想、历史和关于人类社会的观点，这些观点阐明了学者和政治家的部分世界观，对过去中国社会的发展产生了重大影响。have a/an... effect on固定短语，"对……有……影响"，significant的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
31．句意：如今，它们已被改编成电影或电视剧，受到许多观众的喜爱。favor和逻辑主语they（四大名著）之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词，此处作状语。故填favored/favoured。
32．句意：四大名著是中华民族的宝贵遗产，是中国文学史上引人注目的作品，艺术水准极高。此处形容词作定语，striking作形容词，表示"引人注目的"，故填striking。
四、书面表达
33．（2019·如皋模拟）请根据你对下图的理解，以"The Adaptation of the
Classical Literature"为题，用英语写一篇作文。
写作内容：①简要描述该图的内容；②概述你对该图所反映的现象的理解和看法(背后的原因以及该现象对人们带来的潜在的影响)；③举例说明针对这一现象我们能做些什么。
写作要求：①可参照图画适当发挥；②作文字数：150字；③作文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。
参考词汇：剧作家playwright；电影编剧scriptwriter。
【答案】 The picture gives us a view
of a popular phenomenon: some playwrights and scriptwriters beat their brains to
adapt the classics to cater to the tastes of some readers and viewers. As a result,
the traditional characters become so strange and the plots are totally different.
What the picture reflects is thought-provoking.
It is so ridiculous that the precious literary treasures are allowed to be ruined
so much. As we all know, classical literature is the
representation of the outstanding art of our nation and on no account should we
spoil our literary treasures for economic benefit. Moreover, such adaptations may
have negative effects on the average audience, especially children, whose outlook
on life will be affected.
Therefore, measures should be taken to restrict
these sorts of adaptation. For instance, the real classics are supposed to be presented
on the bookshelves for appreciation. In addition, readers had better resist those
inferior adaptation. To sum up, it's joint efforts that count when it comes to the
rescue of our traditional cultural treasure.
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇说明文写作。根据你对图片的理解，以"The Adaptation of the Classical Literature"为题，用英语写一篇作文。内容主要包括简要描述该图的内容；概述你对该图所反映的现象的理解和看法（背后的原因以及该现象对人们带来的潜在的影响）；以及举例说明针对这一现象我们能做些什么。本文属于看图作文。看图作文就是要求根据图画内容展开合理的想像，写出文章的一种写作方式。写作要领：①根据提示，准确审题。要注意文体，人物和时态。②认真读图，把握情境，进行图文转换。这是关键。要根据图画中的人物及背景，确定人物之间，人物与背景之间的关系。从整体上把握所呈现的主要内容，围绕特定的主题展开合理的想像。然后将图画所传达的信息以文字的形式呈现出来，并对转换后的内容重新组合，确定主要内容。③发表感想。围绕主题展开合理的想象，发表自己的联想或感想。④确定段落，拟好提纲，紧扣图画的内容，斟酌词句，组句成文。本文第一部分要简要描述该图的内容，即些剧作家和编剧绞尽脑汁改编经典以迎合一些读者和观众的口味。第二部分概述你对该图所反映的现象的理解和看法(背后的原因以及该现象对人们带来的潜在的影响)，这是全文的重点。比如迎合普通大众，但负面影响大等。最后一部分是举例说明针对这一现象我们能做些什么。如抵制那些低劣的改编等。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如： What the picture reflects is thought-provoking.运用了主语从句； It is so ridiculous that the precious literary treasures are allowed to be ruined so much.运用了主语从句； As we all know, classical literature is the representation of the outstanding art of our nation and on no account should we spoil our literary treasures for economic benefit. 和Moreover, such adaptations may have negative effects on the average audience, especially children, whose outlook on life will be affected.运用了非限制性定语从句； To sum up, it's joint efforts that count when it comes to the rescue of our traditional cultural treasure.运用了强调句型。
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