中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
热点时事话题专练17航空航天
主要内容
1 中国制造的航天服带中国航天员们"飞天"，完成人类太空行走
2 成为一名宇航员需要具备的条件
3 中国宇航员在天宫空间站为数百万学生进行了科学讲座，三位宇航员展示了太空生活，并在微重力条件下进行了一系列实验
4 中国宇航员在神舟十四号任务期间成功培育了水稻幼苗的经过，通过此例告诉人们太空种植是有益的
5 NASA HUNCH高中的学生对如何除掉太空中的细菌的研究
6 Carson为了自己的梦想决定在2033年登上火星，为了梦想她一直在努力
7 神舟十六号机组人员返回地球后，都接受了短暂采访的情形
8 2022年4月16日9点57分神舟十三号载人飞船返回舱在东风着陆场成功着陆
一、阅读理解
（2022·成都模拟）阅读理解
With low temperature, radiation and
high-energy particles (粒子), the vacuum of space is nothing but
harsh. Can you imagine spending six hours walking in apace Chinese astronauts
did just that on their latest spacewalk.
On Aug 20, Chinese astronauts Liu
Boming and Nie Haisheng went out on the second spacewalk of the Shenzhou XII
mission, according to the China Manned Apace Agency. The pair set up and
adjusted equipment, showed their spacesuits and tested the large robotic arm
and other spacewalk-related devices.
Despite the astronauts' skill,
spacewalking is a challenging task. Luckily, their bulky (臃肿的) spacesuits
protect them. A spacesuit is like a small space station. It has everything astronauts
need when they carry out a spacewalk.
China's Feitian spacesuits have six
layers. The innermost layer collects astronauts' urine (尿液).There
are also four layers that help control the temperature and air pressure inside
the suit. Spacesuits are filled with air, so they look like they're puffed up (膨胀).The
sixth layer is made of special fibers that protect astronauts from radiation,
according to The Paper.
Astronauts are connected to the space
station with safety ropes. The suit has headphones and speakers for astronauts
to communicate. There is also a mirror on the wrist that astronauts can use to
check their suits.
The first Feitian suit was made in
2008. Zhai Zhigang wore it to carry out China's first spacewalk, which lasted
about 19 minutes.
The suits Chinese astronauts wear today
are the second generation of Feitian. They can support longer walks lasting up
to eight hours and can be used more often. The first generation could only be
used five times within two years, while the second generation can be used 15
times within three years. Each suit costs around 30 million yuan, and it takes
four months to make just one, according to If eng News.
1．Who was the first Chinese astronaut walking in space
A．Liu Boming. B．Nie Haisheng. C．Zhai Zhigang. D．Yang Liwei.
2．What can we infer from the text
A．Chinese astronauts carried out a 6-hour-spacewalk during the Shenzhou XII mission.
B．The six layers of Feitian suits are the most important devices related to spacewalk.
C．Chinese astronauts are helping control temperature and radiation in space.
D．The space station provide everything for the astronauts walking in space.
3．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．Eight hours' walk in space. B．Amazing use of Feitian suits.
C．The high price of Feitian suits. D．Two generations of Feitian suits.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Chinese Astronauts B．Walking in Space
C．The Development of Feitian Suits D．The Shenzhou XII Mission
（2022·安徽模拟）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
What does it take to become an astronaut It's
a question that's been asked since the start of the Space Age in the 1960s. In
those days, pilots were considered the most well-trained professionals, so
military fliers were first in line to go to space. More recently· people from a
wide range of professional backgrounds -- doctors, scientists, and even
teachers - have trained to live and work in near-Earth orbit. Even so, those selected
to go to space must meet high standards.
People who want to become astronauts must be
in top physical condition. Each country's space program has health requirements
for its space travelers. They usually assess a candidate's fitness to withstand
some pretty tough conditions. For example, a good candidate must have the
ability to endure the rigors of lift-off and to function in weightlessness. All
astronauts must have good visual acuity and normal blood pressure. Beyond that,
there is no age limit. Most astronauttrainces are between the ages of 25 and
46, although older people have also flown to space later in their careers.
People who go to space are usually
self-confident risk-takers, adept at stress management and multitasking. They
also need to be able to work as part of a team for any given assignment. On
Earth, astronauts are usually required to perform various public relations
duties. such as speaking to the public, working with other professionals, and
sometimes even testifying before government officials. So, astronauts who can
relate well to many different kinds of people are seen as valuable team
members.
Often, astronauts have a background as
scientists and many have high-level degrees, like Ph. Ds. Others have military
training or space industry expertise. Regardless of their background, once an
astronaut is accepted into a country's space program, he or she goes through
rigorous training to actually live and work in space.
5．Which of the following is of least importance to an astronaut
A．Normal blood pressure. B．Good eyesight.
C．Tough body. D．Young age
6．According to the passage, an astronaut is one who
A．is strong and healthy. B．has self-confidence
C．can work under great pressure D．All of the above.
7．Why are astronauts asked to perform public duties
A．To make them famous among people.
B．To relieve their feeling of tension.
C．To raise their awareness of teamwork.
D．To promote public interest in the aerospace.
8．What could be the best title for the passage
A．Everyone Can be an Astronaut
B．The Professional Qualities of an Astronaut
C．Training Astronauts is Much Easier Nowadays
D．It's not Mysterious to be an Astronaut
（2022高三下·吉林模拟）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Chinese astronauts conducted a science lecture to millions of students on Dec. 9,2021 from the Tiangong space station. The three astronauts, Hai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu, showed life in space and conducted experiments in microgravity.
It was the first lecture of the Tiangong Class, China's first extraterrestrial（地球外的）lecture series. Its goal is to popularize space science.
"The laboratory of the space station has many conditions that the Earth laboratory does not have, such as the environment of weightlessness and radiation," said Wen Xin, a professor at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. He said that important jobs for astronauts in the space station include cell observation and maintaining plant life.
In the lecture, Ye demonstrated experiments related to cell growth in a weightless environment. He compared the growth and shape of cells in artificial gravity and zero-gravity to study their changing principles in space.
Another experiment in the space lecture was shown by Wang Yaping. She illustrated how a paper flower "bloomed" on the surface of water in Tiangong space station. She explained that the surface tension of water is magnified（放大）in space due to zero gravity.
One of the examples of surface tension on Earth is that some insects can "walk" on water. They use surface tension to "stand" instead of falling through water.
Surface tension plays a key role in product development. Researchers around the world are measuring surface tension to improve the quality of their products, according to Biolin Scientific, a science company. Paints are tailored to stick better on the surfaces they are applied to. Surface tension also has impacts in drug development.
Although the astronauts are thousands of miles away, their research does influence our life. Shi Yi, a teacher at the Beijing No. 101 Middle School, told China Daily that the space lecture was "an eye-opening experience that would arouse students' interest in science".
9．What makes the space laboratory special
A．It is operated by a professor.
B．It has a unique experiment environment.
C．It broadcasts experiments to students.
D．It promotes cell growth.
10．What can we learn through Ye's cell experiment in space
A．The rules of cell growth.
B．The secret in a weightless environment.
C．The conditions of cell growth.
D．The differences between the universe and the earth.
11．What can we say about surface tension
A．It can speed up flower blooming. B．It is related to product quality.
C．Paints have an influence on it. D．Drugs are used to measure it.
12．Which of the following is the best title of the passage
A．Special Laboratory Environments B．Examples of Surface Tension
C．Learning from Space D．Lectures about Cells
（2023·湖南模拟） 阅读理解
Super Space Seeds
How to grow food in space if humans will one day live there. A recent experiment at the Tiangong space station makes a big step forward.
Chinese astronauts have successfully grown rice seedlings(幼苗) during the Shenzhou XIV mission. Since the rice experiment began on July 29, the seedlings of the tall shoot rice variety(高秆水稻品种) have reached a height of 30 centimeters. The seedlings of the dwarf rice variety(矮秆水稻品种) have grown to 5 centimeters, China Daily reported on Aug. 30.
While there have been other rice experiments in space, this one is the first of its kind to produce the complete life cycle of a plant—it begins with a seed and ends with a mature plant producing new seeds.
Such food-growing experiments are not just for astronauts. They can also solve food problems on Earth. By sending seeds to space, we can create mutated(突变的) seeds, thanks to micro-gravity, lack of air and cosmic rays(宇宙射线). The seeds can then produce higher yields(产量) on Earth.
For more than 30 years, China has developed over 260 new types of seeds in space.
They are planted every year in fields that cover tens of millions of hectares.
According to an engineer from Hainan Aerospace(航天) Engineering Breeding Research Center,30 percent of strawberries sold in Beijing are"space strawberries", which are as big as eggs. The center has also produced"space tomatoes"with yields increased by 30 percent, and "space bananas"with a growth cycle shortened from 13 months to 9 months.
13．How high did the tall shoot rice variety grow for the first month
A．5cm . B．25 cm. C．30cm. D．35 cm.
14．What does the underlined part "this one"in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．The dwarf rice variety.
B．The tall shoot rice variety.
C．The last rice experiment in space.
D．The rice experiment on Shenzhou XIV.
15．How does the current rice experiment differ from other experiments
A．Its seedlings have successfully come up.
B．It goes through a complete life cycle.
C．Its seedlings are growing very well.
D．It uses completely new rice varieties.
16．What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A．Space planting is benefiting us.
B．Space planting has disadvantages.
C．People will never run out of food.
D．People are afraid of food bred in space.
17．（2019·新课标Ⅱ卷）阅读理解
Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms（微生物） from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem It's turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school class, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.
HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they're close to a solution（解决方案）. "We don't give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers," says Florence Gold, a project manager.
"There are no tests," Gordon says. "There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than'Are you working towards your goal ' Basically, it's 'I've got to produce this product and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA.' Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and…it's not a very nice thing at time. It's a hard business review of your product."
Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact（影响） on college admissions and practical life skills. "These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don't teach." And that annoying bacteria Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.
（1）What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station
A．They are hard to get rid of. B．They lead to air pollution.
C．They appear different forms. D．They damage the instruments.
（2）What is the purpose of the HUNCH program
A．To strengthen teacher-student relationships.
B．To sharpen students' communication skills.
C．To allow students to experience zero gravity.
D．To link space technology with school education
（3）What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program
A．Check their product. B．Guide project designs
C．Adjust work schedules. D．Grade their homework.
（4）What is the best title for the text
A．NASA: The Home of Astronauts.
B．Space: The Final Homework Frontier.
C．Nature: An Outdoor Classroom.
D．HUNCH:A College Admission Reform.
二、任务型阅读
18．（2020·天津模拟）阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Most of us probably dreamed about becoming an
astronaut when we were little. But how many of us actually became one, or are
at least working toward it
The advice "Always follow your dreams" is something that
is typically easier said than done.
But still, this is the one piece of advice
that Alyssa Carson wants to share with her peers. This 17-year-old girl from
the US has become one of the candidates for NASA's 2033 project to go to Mars.
Carson has dreamed of going to Mars since she
was only three years old. Watching an astronaut-themed cartoon and learning
that humans have only been to the moon but not Mars, Carson decided that she wanted to be the first one to do so.
Since then, she has worked hard toward this goal. Now 17, Carson is continuing with her space training while still taking
on her high school work like a "normal" teenager, except that she
studies all her subjects in four languages—English, French, Spanish and
Chinese.
"I don't think there's anything specific
that makes it easier for me or makes it something that others can't do,"
Carson said in an interview with Uproxx News. "I've just really focused myself
on what I want to accomplish."
And Carson is willing to make sacrifices for
her dream. She's fully aware of the danger of the mission and the possibility
that she might never be able to come back. She also accepts the fact that she
can't get married and start a family. But Carson believes that it's all worth
it, summarizing her view with this ancient Greek proverb she once quoted "A
society grows great when old men plant trees whose shade they know they'll
never sit in."
So after all the hard work that Carson has
done and all the sacrifices she's made, every — thing still boils down to the
simple phrase, "follow your dreams". And while some people's dreams
may sound out of this world, in Carson's case, they literally (毫不夸张地) are.
（1）What will happen to Carson
in 2033 if everything goes well (no more than 8 words)
（2）Why did Carson decide to be
the first one to go to Mars (no more than 20 words)
（3）How does Carson differ from
other students for the school work (no more than 10 words)
（4）How do you understand the
underlined sentence (no more than 20 words)
（5）What do you think of the
girl And why (no more than 25 words)
三、语法填空
（2024高三上·绵阳模拟）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Shenzhou XVI crew returned to Earth on Tuesday morning, 19． (conclude) a historic, five-month mission that also involved China's first civilian astronaut.
The spaceship's reentry capsule, carrying mission commander Jing Haipeng, Zhu Yangzhu and Gui Haichao, 20． (touch) down at 8: 11 am at the Dongfeng Landing Site, where they received a brief interview. Jing, 21． (seat) inside the capsule, said they were excited to return to our motherland 22． that the orbital stay inside the Tiangong space station was a "very cool journey". He said his teammates performed excellently and managed 23． (honor) their commitment to the motherland and the people. The mission was Jing's fourth spaceflight, making him China's 24． (experienced) astronaut among all. Zhu said they co-worked well in completing various tasks 25． (success). China's space station is always worth looking forward 26． . Gui said he expected to return to the space station to continue his scientific explorations.
After the interview, the astronauts were transported into special vehicles for detailed 27． (assess) of their health, after which they were to start their medical quarantine (隔离), health observation and recovery.
For the next six months, Tiangong will be manned by the Shenzhou XVII staff, 28． arrived at the space station on Thursday evening.
（2022·高考模拟乙卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
At 9:57 a. m. on April 16, the reentry module(返回舱)carrying the astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu 29． ( touch) down safely at the designated Dongfeng Landing Site, the three Shenzhou XⅢastronauts having completed their six-month space mission.
During their time in space, they made many breakthroughs for China's space program. 30． terms of the mission, it has been the longest so far, and Wang is the first Chinese female astronaut 31． (conduct) a space walk. The astronauts also carried out the docking(对接)of a cargo spacecraft by remotely 32． (control) the Tianhe space station module's mechanical arm. They also 33． (successful) undocked the cargo spacecraft and docked with it again, fully demonstrating the arm's functional ability. From all 34． (aspect), it is fair to say that the Shenzhou XⅢ mission has been 35． success. Even the astronauts return to the Earth witnessed some major breakthroughs for China's space endeavors(努力), Behind the shorter return time is the improved efficiency of the command center, 36． during that time has to calculate all the parameters 37． (involve), confirm them, and make strategies for the whole process.
2022 is a key year for China's space station. China always holds an open attitude towards international cooperation in space 38． (explore). With its space station construction advancing, China will make new contributes to human kind's peaceful use of the space.
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
热点时事话题专练17航空航天
主要内容
1 中国制造的航天服带中国航天员们"飞天"，完成人类太空行走
2 成为一名宇航员需要具备的条件
3 中国宇航员在天宫空间站为数百万学生进行了科学讲座，三位宇航员展示了太空生活，并在微重力条件下进行了一系列实验
4 中国宇航员在神舟十四号任务期间成功培育了水稻幼苗的经过，通过此例告诉人们太空种植是有益的
5 NASA HUNCH高中的学生对如何除掉太空中的细菌的研究
6 Carson为了自己的梦想决定在2033年登上火星，为了梦想她一直在努力
7 神舟十六号机组人员返回地球后，都接受了短暂采访的情形
8 2022年4月16日9点57分神舟十三号载人飞船返回舱在东风着陆场成功着陆
一、阅读理解
（2022·成都模拟）阅读理解
With low temperature, radiation and
high-energy particles (粒子), the vacuum of space is nothing but
harsh. Can you imagine spending six hours walking in apace Chinese astronauts
did just that on their latest spacewalk.
On Aug 20, Chinese astronauts Liu
Boming and Nie Haisheng went out on the second spacewalk of the Shenzhou XII
mission, according to the China Manned Apace Agency. The pair set up and
adjusted equipment, showed their spacesuits and tested the large robotic arm
and other spacewalk-related devices.
Despite the astronauts' skill,
spacewalking is a challenging task. Luckily, their bulky (臃肿的) spacesuits
protect them. A spacesuit is like a small space station. It has everything astronauts
need when they carry out a spacewalk.
China's Feitian spacesuits have six
layers. The innermost layer collects astronauts' urine (尿液).There
are also four layers that help control the temperature and air pressure inside
the suit. Spacesuits are filled with air, so they look like they're puffed up (膨胀).The
sixth layer is made of special fibers that protect astronauts from radiation,
according to The Paper.
Astronauts are connected to the space
station with safety ropes. The suit has headphones and speakers for astronauts
to communicate. There is also a mirror on the wrist that astronauts can use to
check their suits.
The first Feitian suit was made in
2008. Zhai Zhigang wore it to carry out China's first spacewalk, which lasted
about 19 minutes.
The suits Chinese astronauts wear today
are the second generation of Feitian. They can support longer walks lasting up
to eight hours and can be used more often. The first generation could only be
used five times within two years, while the second generation can be used 15
times within three years. Each suit costs around 30 million yuan, and it takes
four months to make just one, according to If eng News.
1．Who was the first Chinese astronaut walking in space
A．Liu Boming. B．Nie Haisheng. C．Zhai Zhigang. D．Yang Liwei.
2．What can we infer from the text
A．Chinese astronauts carried out a 6-hour-spacewalk during the Shenzhou XII mission.
B．The six layers of Feitian suits are the most important devices related to spacewalk.
C．Chinese astronauts are helping control temperature and radiation in space.
D．The space station provide everything for the astronauts walking in space.
3．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．Eight hours' walk in space. B．Amazing use of Feitian suits.
C．The high price of Feitian suits. D．Two generations of Feitian suits.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Chinese Astronauts B．Walking in Space
C．The Development of Feitian Suits D．The Shenzhou XII Mission
【答案】1．C
2．A
3．D
4．B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国制造的航天服带中国航天员们"飞天"，完成人类太空行走。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，段落大意和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
1．考查细节理解。根据第六段中的"Zhai Zhigang wore it to carry out China's first spacewalk, which lasted about 19 minutes. "翟志刚穿着它进行了中国第一次太空行走，持续了大约19分钟。故选C。
2．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"Can you imagine spending six hours walking in apace Chinese astronauts did just that on their latest spacewalk. "你能想象花六个小时在太空中行走吗？ 中国宇航员在他们最近的太空行走中就是这样做的；以及第二段中的"Chinese astronauts Liu Boming and Nie Haisheng went out on the second spacewalk of the Shenzhou XII mission. "中国航天员刘伯明和聂海生在神舟十二号任务的第二次太空行走中外出。中国航天员在神舟十二号任务期间进行了6小时的太空行走。可推知选A.
3．考查段落大意。根据最后一段“ The suits Chinese astronauts wear today are the second generation of Feitian. They can support longer walks lasting up to eight hours and can be used more often. The first generation could only be used five times within two years, while the second generation can be used 15 times within three years. Each suit costs around 30 million yuan, and it takes four months to make just one, according to If eng News. ”中国宇航员今天穿的西装是飞天二代。 它们可以支持长达八小时的更长步行，并且可以更频繁地使用。 第一代两年内只能使用5次，第二代三年内可以使用15次。 据 If eng News 报道，每套西装的成本约为 3000 万元人民币，仅制作一件就需要四个月的时间。可知本段介绍了两代航空服的一些情况。故选C。
4．考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了中国制造的航天服带中国航天员们"飞天"，完成人类太空行走，故选B。
（2022·安徽模拟）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
What does it take to become an astronaut It's
a question that's been asked since the start of the Space Age in the 1960s. In
those days, pilots were considered the most well-trained professionals, so
military fliers were first in line to go to space. More recently· people from a
wide range of professional backgrounds -- doctors, scientists, and even
teachers - have trained to live and work in near-Earth orbit. Even so, those selected
to go to space must meet high standards.
People who want to become astronauts must be
in top physical condition. Each country's space program has health requirements
for its space travelers. They usually assess a candidate's fitness to withstand
some pretty tough conditions. For example, a good candidate must have the
ability to endure the rigors of lift-off and to function in weightlessness. All
astronauts must have good visual acuity and normal blood pressure. Beyond that,
there is no age limit. Most astronauttrainces are between the ages of 25 and
46, although older people have also flown to space later in their careers.
People who go to space are usually
self-confident risk-takers, adept at stress management and multitasking. They
also need to be able to work as part of a team for any given assignment. On
Earth, astronauts are usually required to perform various public relations
duties. such as speaking to the public, working with other professionals, and
sometimes even testifying before government officials. So, astronauts who can
relate well to many different kinds of people are seen as valuable team
members.
Often, astronauts have a background as
scientists and many have high-level degrees, like Ph. Ds. Others have military
training or space industry expertise. Regardless of their background, once an
astronaut is accepted into a country's space program, he or she goes through
rigorous training to actually live and work in space.
5．Which of the following is of least importance to an astronaut
A．Normal blood pressure. B．Good eyesight.
C．Tough body. D．Young age
6．According to the passage, an astronaut is one who
A．is strong and healthy. B．has self-confidence
C．can work under great pressure D．All of the above.
7．Why are astronauts asked to perform public duties
A．To make them famous among people.
B．To relieve their feeling of tension.
C．To raise their awareness of teamwork.
D．To promote public interest in the aerospace.
8．What could be the best title for the passage
A．Everyone Can be an Astronaut
B．The Professional Qualities of an Astronaut
C．Training Astronauts is Much Easier Nowadays
D．It's not Mysterious to be an Astronaut
【答案】5．D
6．D
7．C
8．B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，分析了成为一名宇航员需要具备的条件。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
5．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Beyond that, there is no age limit. Most astronaut trainees are between the ages of 25 and 46, although older people have also flown to space later in their careers.”除此之外，没有年龄限制。大多数受训宇航员的年龄在25岁至46岁之间，尽管年纪较大的人也曾在职业生涯后期飞向太空。可知，成为宇航员并没有严格的年龄限制，甚至有人在年龄较大的时候也飞向过太空，可知相比其他条件，年龄对于宇航员是最不重要的。故选D。
6．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“People who want to become astronauts must be in top physical condition. Each country's space program has health requirements for its space travelers. They usually assess a candidate's fitness to withstand some pretty tough conditions.”想成为宇航员的人必须有最好的身体条件。每个国家的太空计划都对太空旅行者有健康要求。他们通常会评估应聘者是否适合承受一些相当恶劣的条件。可知，宇航员需要健康和强壮的身体；以及第三段中的“People who go to space are usually self-confident, risk-takers, adept at stress management and multitasking.”去太空的人通常都很自信，敢于冒险，擅长压力管理和多任务处理。可知，宇航员充满自信且能承受高压，故选D。
7．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“They also need to be able to work as part of a team for any given assignment. On Earth, astronauts are usually required to perform various public relations duties. such as speaking to the public, working with other professionals, and sometimes even testifying before government officials. So, astronauts who can relate well to many different kinds of people are seen as valuable team members.”他们还需要能够作为团队的一员完成任何给定的任务。在地球上，宇航员通常需要履行各种公共关系的职责。比如向公众讲话，与其他专业人士合作，有时甚至在政府官员面前作证。所以，能与不同类型的人相处融洽的宇航员被视为有价值的团队成员。可知，宇航员被要求履行公共职责是锻炼他们的团队合作能力，提高他们的团队合作意识，使他们成为团队中有价值的成员。故选C。
8．考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“What does it take to become an astronaut ”怎样才能成为一名宇航员？，以设问的方式引起下文，是文章的主旨句，接下来具体分析了成为一名宇航员需要具备的专业素质，包括身体素质、心理素质、专业知识等，“宇航员的职业素质”概括了文章内容，适合作为标题。故选B。
（2022高三下·吉林模拟）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Chinese astronauts conducted a science lecture to millions of students on Dec. 9,2021 from the Tiangong space station. The three astronauts, Hai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu, showed life in space and conducted experiments in microgravity.
It was the first lecture of the Tiangong Class, China's first extraterrestrial（地球外的）lecture series. Its goal is to popularize space science.
"The laboratory of the space station has many conditions that the Earth laboratory does not have, such as the environment of weightlessness and radiation," said Wen Xin, a professor at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. He said that important jobs for astronauts in the space station include cell observation and maintaining plant life.
In the lecture, Ye demonstrated experiments related to cell growth in a weightless environment. He compared the growth and shape of cells in artificial gravity and zero-gravity to study their changing principles in space.
Another experiment in the space lecture was shown by Wang Yaping. She illustrated how a paper flower "bloomed" on the surface of water in Tiangong space station. She explained that the surface tension of water is magnified（放大）in space due to zero gravity.
One of the examples of surface tension on Earth is that some insects can "walk" on water. They use surface tension to "stand" instead of falling through water.
Surface tension plays a key role in product development. Researchers around the world are measuring surface tension to improve the quality of their products, according to Biolin Scientific, a science company. Paints are tailored to stick better on the surfaces they are applied to. Surface tension also has impacts in drug development.
Although the astronauts are thousands of miles away, their research does influence our life. Shi Yi, a teacher at the Beijing No. 101 Middle School, told China Daily that the space lecture was "an eye-opening experience that would arouse students' interest in science".
9．What makes the space laboratory special
A．It is operated by a professor.
B．It has a unique experiment environment.
C．It broadcasts experiments to students.
D．It promotes cell growth.
10．What can we learn through Ye's cell experiment in space
A．The rules of cell growth.
B．The secret in a weightless environment.
C．The conditions of cell growth.
D．The differences between the universe and the earth.
11．What can we say about surface tension
A．It can speed up flower blooming. B．It is related to product quality.
C．Paints have an influence on it. D．Drugs are used to measure it.
12．Which of the following is the best title of the passage
A．Special Laboratory Environments B．Examples of Surface Tension
C．Learning from Space D．Lectures about Cells
【答案】9．B
10．A
11．B
12．C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了中国宇航员在天宫空间站为数百万学生进行了科学讲座，三位宇航员展示了太空生活，并在微重力条件下进行了一系列实验。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
9．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The laboratory of the space station has many conditions that the Earth laboratory does not have, such as the environment of weightlessness and radiation,(空间站的实验室有许多地球实验室不具备的条件，如失重和辐射的环境。可知，太空实验室特别是因为它具有独特的实验环境。故选B。
10．考查细节理解。根据第四段“In the lecture, Ye demonstrated experiments related to cell growth in a weightless environment. He compared the growth and shape of cells in artificial gravity and zero-gravity to study their changing principles in space.”在讲座中，叶教授演示了失重环境下细胞生长的相关实验。他比较了人工重力和零重力条件下细胞的生长和形状，以研究它们在太空中的变化规律。可知，通过叶教授的太空细胞实验，我们能了解到细胞生长的规律。故选A。
11．考查细节理解。根据第七段中的“Surface tension plays a key role in product development. Researchers around the world are measuring surface tension to improve the quality of their products, according to Biolin Scientific, a science company.”表面张力在产品开发中起着关键作用。据科学公司Biolin Scientific称，世界各地的研究人员正在测量表面张力，以提高他们的产品质量。可知，表面张力可以提升产品质量，与产品质量有关。故选B。
12．考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“Shi Yi, a teacher at the Beijing No. 101 Middle School, told China Daily that the space lecture was ‘an eye-opening experience that would arouse students' interest in science'.”北京市101中学教师石毅在接受《中国日报》采访时表示，这次太空讲座“是一次开阔眼界的经历，会激发学生对科学的兴趣”。可知，文章报道了中国宇航员在天宫空间站为数百万学生进行了科学讲座，在微重力条件下进行了一系列实验，这些讲座会激发学生对科学的兴趣，所以“从太空中学习”是最佳标题。故选C。
（2023·湖南模拟） 阅读理解
Super Space Seeds
How to grow food in space if humans will one day live there. A recent experiment at the Tiangong space station makes a big step forward.
Chinese astronauts have successfully grown rice seedlings(幼苗) during the Shenzhou XIV mission. Since the rice experiment began on July 29, the seedlings of the tall shoot rice variety(高秆水稻品种) have reached a height of 30 centimeters. The seedlings of the dwarf rice variety(矮秆水稻品种) have grown to 5 centimeters, China Daily reported on Aug. 30.
While there have been other rice experiments in space, this one is the first of its kind to produce the complete life cycle of a plant—it begins with a seed and ends with a mature plant producing new seeds.
Such food-growing experiments are not just for astronauts. They can also solve food problems on Earth. By sending seeds to space, we can create mutated(突变的) seeds, thanks to micro-gravity, lack of air and cosmic rays(宇宙射线). The seeds can then produce higher yields(产量) on Earth.
For more than 30 years, China has developed over 260 new types of seeds in space.
They are planted every year in fields that cover tens of millions of hectares.
According to an engineer from Hainan Aerospace(航天) Engineering Breeding Research Center,30 percent of strawberries sold in Beijing are"space strawberries", which are as big as eggs. The center has also produced"space tomatoes"with yields increased by 30 percent, and "space bananas"with a growth cycle shortened from 13 months to 9 months.
13．How high did the tall shoot rice variety grow for the first month
A．5cm . B．25 cm. C．30cm. D．35 cm.
14．What does the underlined part "this one"in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．The dwarf rice variety.
B．The tall shoot rice variety.
C．The last rice experiment in space.
D．The rice experiment on Shenzhou XIV.
15．How does the current rice experiment differ from other experiments
A．Its seedlings have successfully come up.
B．It goes through a complete life cycle.
C．Its seedlings are growing very well.
D．It uses completely new rice varieties.
16．What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A．Space planting is benefiting us.
B．Space planting has disadvantages.
C．People will never run out of food.
D．People are afraid of food bred in space.
【答案】13．C
14．D
15．B
16．A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国宇航员在神舟十四号任务期间成功培育了水稻幼苗的经过，通过此例告诉人们太空种植是有益的。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
13．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Since the rice experiment began on July 29, the seedlings of the tall shoot rice variety(高秆水稻品种) have reached a height of 30 centimeters."自7月29日水稻试验开始以来，高秆水稻品种的幼苗已经达到30厘米高。故选C。
14．考查代词指代。根据第二段中的" Chinese astronauts have successfully grown rice seedlings(幼苗) during the Shenzhou XIV mission. "中国宇航员在神舟十四号任务中成功培育水稻幼苗；以及第三段中的" While there have been other rice experiments in space "虽然在太空中还有其他水稻实，可推知this one指的是在神舟十四号上进行的水稻实验，故选D。
15．考查细节理解。根据第三段"While there have been other rice experiments in space, this one is the first of its kind to produce the complete life cycle of a plant—it begins with a seed and ends with a mature plant producing new seeds. "虽然在太空中还有其他水稻实验，但这是同类实验中第一次产生植物的完整生命周期——从种子开始，到成熟植物产生新种子结束。这有别于经历完整的生命周期，故选B。
16．考查段落大意。根据最后一段中的"30 percent of strawberries sold in Beijing are‘space strawberries', which are as big as eggs. The center has also produced‘space tomatoes'with yields increased by 30 percent, and ‘space bananas'with a growth cycle shortened from 13 months to 9 months."在北京销售的草莓中，有30%是鸡蛋大小的"太空草莓"。该中心还生产了产量增加30%的"太空番茄"和生长周期从13个月缩短到9个月的"太空香蕉"。可知本段介绍了太空种植的指物对我们有好处，故选A。
17．（2019·新课标Ⅱ卷）阅读理解
Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms（微生物） from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem It's turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school class, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.
HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they're close to a solution（解决方案）. "We don't give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers," says Florence Gold, a project manager.
"There are no tests," Gordon says. "There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than'Are you working towards your goal ' Basically, it's 'I've got to produce this product and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA.' Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and…it's not a very nice thing at time. It's a hard business review of your product."
Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact（影响） on college admissions and practical life skills. "These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don't teach." And that annoying bacteria Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.
（1）What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station
A．They are hard to get rid of. B．They lead to air pollution.
C．They appear different forms. D．They damage the instruments.
（2）What is the purpose of the HUNCH program
A．To strengthen teacher-student relationships.
B．To sharpen students' communication skills.
C．To allow students to experience zero gravity.
D．To link space technology with school education
（3）What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program
A．Check their product. B．Guide project designs
C．Adjust work schedules. D．Grade their homework.
（4）What is the best title for the text
A．NASA: The Home of Astronauts.
B．Space: The Final Homework Frontier.
C．Nature: An Outdoor Classroom.
D．HUNCH:A College Admission Reform.
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了NASA HUNCH高中的学生对如何除掉太空中的细菌的研究，提出可行的解决方案并做出产品让航天中心的工程师进行评价。这一活动将学校教育与太空技术联系起来，对大学的招生和学生的实际生活均有影响。
（1）细节理解题。将题干中的International Space Station定位在第一段，根据第第二句中的“grow uncontrollably”和宇航员们“spend hours cleaning them up each week”可知，国际空间站上的细菌很难消除。故答案为A。
（2）细节理解题。将题干中的HUNCH定位在第二段第一句HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers，可知，HUNCH 项目是将空间技术与学校教育联系起来，故答案为D。
（3）细节理解题。将题干中的NASA engineers定位在第三段，根据I've got to produce this product and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA可知学生的任务是制作产品并在年终的时候呈交给航天中心的工程师们，工程师do an in-person review，即“检查他们的产品”。故答案为A。
（4）主旨大意题。本文通过学生对如何除掉太空中的细菌的研究，提出可行的解决方案并做出产品让航天中心的工程师进行评价。这一活动将学校教育与太空技术联系起来，对大学的招生和学生的实际生活均有影响。故答案为B。
【点评】本文是科技与学校教育结合的一个例子，阅读时通过首段中的but可以快速确定文章中心。答题时紧扣题干中的关键词进行信息的确定。对于主旨大意题的判断要紧扣文章的主题句。
二、任务型阅读
18．（2020·天津模拟）阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Most of us probably dreamed about becoming an
astronaut when we were little. But how many of us actually became one, or are
at least working toward it
The advice "Always follow your dreams" is something that
is typically easier said than done.
But still, this is the one piece of advice
that Alyssa Carson wants to share with her peers. This 17-year-old girl from
the US has become one of the candidates for NASA's 2033 project to go to Mars.
Carson has dreamed of going to Mars since she
was only three years old. Watching an astronaut-themed cartoon and learning
that humans have only been to the moon but not Mars, Carson decided that she wanted to be the first one to do so.
Since then, she has worked hard toward this goal. Now 17, Carson is continuing with her space training while still taking
on her high school work like a "normal" teenager, except that she
studies all her subjects in four languages—English, French, Spanish and
Chinese.
"I don't think there's anything specific
that makes it easier for me or makes it something that others can't do,"
Carson said in an interview with Uproxx News. "I've just really focused myself
on what I want to accomplish."
And Carson is willing to make sacrifices for
her dream. She's fully aware of the danger of the mission and the possibility
that she might never be able to come back. She also accepts the fact that she
can't get married and start a family. But Carson believes that it's all worth
it, summarizing her view with this ancient Greek proverb she once quoted "A
society grows great when old men plant trees whose shade they know they'll
never sit in."
So after all the hard work that Carson has
done and all the sacrifices she's made, every — thing still boils down to the
simple phrase, "follow your dreams". And while some people's dreams
may sound out of this world, in Carson's case, they literally (毫不夸张地) are.
（1）What will happen to Carson
in 2033 if everything goes well (no more than 8 words)
（2）Why did Carson decide to be
the first one to go to Mars (no more than 20 words)
（3）How does Carson differ from
other students for the school work (no more than 10 words)
（4）How do you understand the
underlined sentence (no more than 20 words)
（5）What do you think of the
girl And why (no more than 25 words)
【答案】（1）She will go to Mars.
（2）Because of watching an astronaut-themed cartoon and learning that humans have only been to the moon but not Mars.
（3）She studies all her subjects in four languages.
（4）A society will make progress if people make contributions without considering personal benefits.
（5）She is brave and unselfish, because she may not return to the earth and is willing to make sacrifices for her dream.
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，Carson为了自己的梦想决定在2033年登上火星，为了梦想她一直在努力。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“This 17-year-old girl from the US has become one of the candidates for NASA's 2033 project to go to Mars.”可知这个17岁来自美国的女孩是美国航天局2033年登上火星计划的成员之一，即如果一切顺利Carson会在2033年登上火星。故答案为：She will go to Mars.
（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Carson has dreamed of going to Mars since she was only three years old. Watching an astronaut-themed cartoon and learning that humans have only been to the moon but not Mars，Carson decided that she wanted to be the first one to do so.” 可知自3岁起Carson就一直梦想去火星。因为她看了一个以宇宙为主题的动画片，了解到人类只去过月球没去过火星，所以决定她想成为第一个登上火星的人。故答案为：Because of watching an astronaut-themed cartoon and learning that humans have only been to the moon but not Mars.
（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Now 17，Carson is continuing with her space training while still taking on her high school work like a "normal" teenager, except that she studies all her subjects in four languages—English, French, Spanish and Chinese. ”可知17岁的Carson一边像普通高中生一样上学，一边继续太空训练，但和其他孩子不一样的是她所有的科目都是用英语、法语、西班牙语和中文，四种语言来学习。故答案为：She studies all her subjects in four languages.
（4）考查句义猜测。根据第四段中的“A society grows great when old men plant trees whose shade they know they'll never sit in.”可知当前人栽下他们知道自己永远都不会坐在树荫下的树时一个社会就会成长，结合上下文可知划线部分可理解为：如果人们不计个人得失地付出一个社会将会快速进步。故答案为：A society will make progress if people make contributions without considering personal benefits.
（5）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“She's fully aware of the danger of the mission and the possibility that she might never be able to come back. She also accepts the fact that she can't get married and start a family. But Carson believes that it's all worth it, ”她很清楚这个任务的危险，也知道她可能永远回不来。她也接受了自己可能不会结婚组建家庭的事实。但是Carson认为这些都是值得的)可推断Carson是勇敢的，无私的。因为她可能不能回到地球，但是她愿意为自己的梦想牺牲。故答案为：She is brave and unselfish, because she may not return to the earth and is willing to make sacrifices for her dream.
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，结合相关的词汇知识和语法知识，写出正确的答案。
三、语法填空
（2024高三上·绵阳模拟）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Shenzhou XVI crew returned to Earth on Tuesday morning, 19． (conclude) a historic, five-month mission that also involved China's first civilian astronaut.
The spaceship's reentry capsule, carrying mission commander Jing Haipeng, Zhu Yangzhu and Gui Haichao, 20． (touch) down at 8: 11 am at the Dongfeng Landing Site, where they received a brief interview. Jing, 21． (seat) inside the capsule, said they were excited to return to our motherland 22． that the orbital stay inside the Tiangong space station was a "very cool journey". He said his teammates performed excellently and managed 23． (honor) their commitment to the motherland and the people. The mission was Jing's fourth spaceflight, making him China's 24． (experienced) astronaut among all. Zhu said they co-worked well in completing various tasks 25． (success). China's space station is always worth looking forward 26． . Gui said he expected to return to the space station to continue his scientific explorations.
After the interview, the astronauts were transported into special vehicles for detailed 27． (assess) of their health, after which they were to start their medical quarantine (隔离), health observation and recovery.
For the next six months, Tiangong will be manned by the Shenzhou XVII staff, 28． arrived at the space station on Thursday evening.
【答案】19．concluding；20．touched；21．seated；22．and；23．to honor；24．most experienced；25．successfully；26．to；27．assessment；28．who
【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。报道了神舟十六号机组人员返回地球后，都接受了短暂采访的情形。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及时态，短语，形容词的比较级，定语从句副词，非谓语动词，等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
19．句意：周二上午，神舟十六号机组人员返回地球，结束了为期五个月的历史性任务，中国首位民用宇航员也参加了这次任务。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要非谓语，补充说明神州十六完成的任务； 可知空白处需要动词conclude 的现在分词 concluding；故答案为 concluding。
20．句意：飞船的返回舱载着任务指挥员景海鹏、朱洋柱和桂海超，于上午8点11分在东风着陆点着陆，在那里他们接受了简短的采访。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要谓语动词，主从句时态一致，从句谓语 received 过去式， 可知 空白处需要动词touch 的过去式touched；故答案为touched 。
21．句意：坐在太空舱里的景说，他们很兴奋能回到祖国，在天宫空间站的轨道停留是一次"非常酷的旅程"。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要非谓语补充说明景海鹏的状态，seat 是及物动词， 可知空白处需要动词seat 的过去分词seated；故答案为seated 。
22．句意：坐在太空舱里的景说，他们很兴奋能回到祖国，在天宫空间站的轨道停留是一次"非常酷的旅程"。根据分析句子结构， said后面接了两个宾语从句they were excited to return to our motherland他们对回到祖国感到兴奋，that the orbital stay inside the Tiangong space station was a "very cool journey".在天宫空间站的轨道停留是一次"非常酷的旅程"。 这两宾语从句是并列关系，可知空白处需要并列连词；故答案为and 。
23．句意：他说，他的队友们表现出色，履行了对祖国和人民的承诺。根据分析句子结构，空白处考查了固定搭配：manage to do sth成功做某事； 可知空白处需要动词honor 的不定式 to honor；故答案为to honor 。
24．句意：这次任务是景的第四次太空飞行，使他成为中国最有经验的宇航员。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要形容词 experienced 的最高级， experienced是多音节形容词，可知形容词 experienced的最高级为most experienced；故答案为most experienced 。
25．句意：朱说，他们合作得很好，顺利完成了各项任务。根据修饰动词 completing需要副词， 可知空白处需要名词success的副词形式 successfully；故答案为successfully 。
26．句意：中国的空间站总是值得期待的。根据分析句子结构，空白处考查了固定搭配：look forward to 期盼；可知空白处需要介词 to；故答案为 to。
27．句意：桂说，他希望回到空间站继续他的科学探索。采访结束后，宇航员被运送到专门的车辆中进行详细的健康评估，之后他们将开始医学隔离(隔离)、健康观察和康复。根据介词for后面要接名词， 可知空白处需要动词assess 的名词形式 assessment；故答案为assessment 。
28．句意：在接下来的六个月里，天宫将由周四晚上抵达空间站的神舟十七号工作人员驾驶。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the Shenzhou XVII staff， 可知空白处需要关系代词 who；故答案为who 。
（2022·高考模拟乙卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
At 9:57 a. m. on April 16, the reentry module(返回舱)carrying the astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu 29． ( touch) down safely at the designated Dongfeng Landing Site, the three Shenzhou XⅢastronauts having completed their six-month space mission.
During their time in space, they made many breakthroughs for China's space program. 30． terms of the mission, it has been the longest so far, and Wang is the first Chinese female astronaut 31． (conduct) a space walk. The astronauts also carried out the docking(对接)of a cargo spacecraft by remotely 32． (control) the Tianhe space station module's mechanical arm. They also 33． (successful) undocked the cargo spacecraft and docked with it again, fully demonstrating the arm's functional ability. From all 34． (aspect), it is fair to say that the Shenzhou XⅢ mission has been 35． success. Even the astronauts return to the Earth witnessed some major breakthroughs for China's space endeavors(努力), Behind the shorter return time is the improved efficiency of the command center, 36． during that time has to calculate all the parameters 37． (involve), confirm them, and make strategies for the whole process.
2022 is a key year for China's space station. China always holds an open attitude towards international cooperation in space 38． (explore). With its space station construction advancing, China will make new contributes to human kind's peaceful use of the space.
【答案】29．touched；30．In；31．to conduct；32．controlling；33．successfully；34．aspects；35．a；36．which；37．involved；38．exploration
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇报道，2022年是中国空间站的关键一年。4月16日9点57分神舟十三号载人飞船返回舱在东风着陆场成功着陆，飞行任务取得圆满成功。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及时态，介词，非谓语动词，副词，名词，冠词，定语从句以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
29．句意：4月16日上午9时57分，搭载宇航员翟志刚、王亚平和叶广福的再入舱安全降落在指定的东风着陆点，三名神舟XⅢ号宇航员完成了为期六个月的太空任务。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语"At 9:57 a. m. on April 16"可知，此处描述过去事情，应用一般过去时，故填 touched 。
30．句意：就此次任务而言，这是迄今为止最长的一次，王莉是第一位进行太空行走的中国女宇航员。in terms of固定短语，"就……而言"，故填In。
31．句意：就此次任务而言，这是迄今为止最长的一次，王莉是第一位进行太空行走的中国女宇航员。此处中心词 Chinese female astronaut 被序数词修饰，应用动词不定式作后置定语，故填 to conduct。
32．句意：宇航员还通过远程控制天河空间站模块的机械臂实现了货运飞船的对接。此处动名词作介词by 的宾语，故填 controlling 。
33．句意：他们还成功地将货运飞船卸下并再次与之对接，充分展示了手臂的功能能力。此处为副词修饰动词undocked，故填 successfully 。
34．句意：从各个方面来看，可以说神舟十三号任务是成功的。all后面应用名词复数，故填 aspects 。
35．句意：从各个方面来看，可以说神舟十三号任务是成功的。success在表示成功的人或事时，为可数名词。此处表泛指﹐应用不定冠词a，故填a。
36．句意：即使宇航员返回地球，也见证了中国航天事业的一些重大突破，缩短返回时间的背后是指挥中心效率的提高，在这段时间内，指挥中心必须计算所有涉及的参数，确认这些参数，并为整个过程制定策略。which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词command center。并在定语从句中充当主语，故填which。
37．句意：即使宇航员返回地球，也见证了中国航天事业的一些重大突破，缩短返回时间的背后是指挥中心效率的提高，在这段时间内，指挥中心必须计算所有涉及的参数，确认这些参数，并为整个过程制定策略。此处为过去分词作后置定语，故填 involved 。
38．句意：中国对空间探索国际合作始终持开放态度，随着空间站建设的推进，中国将为人类和平利用空间作出新的贡献。此处名词作介词宾语， exploration “探索”，不可数名词，故填exploration 。
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