中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
热点时事话题专练18医疗健康
主要内容
1 作者的临床培训经验以及收获
2 尽管科学总是在变化，但是它还是值得信赖的
3 研究人员发现动物会使用一种特殊的树树脂作为药物来疗伤，并解释了研究开展的经过以及发现
4 一名57岁的晚期心脏病患者成功移植了一颗转基因猪心脏，三天后仍表现良好
5 四位从医人员的生平与事迹
6 日常生活中的一个小小的改变，从长远来看可能会对预防心脏病产生巨大的影响
7 针灸的历史、治疗方法以及它在现代医学中的地位
8 英文报的Health栏目正在举行征文比赛。请你以中医为话题写一篇英文短文参赛
一、阅读理解
（2022高三上·金华模拟）
阅读理解
When
I was
in nursing school, I had to focus more on my studies than other aspects of life, and learn so much in a short amount of time.
However, the clinical experience of nursing school allowed me to have the opportunity to put what I learned in my classes and readings into action.
One
of my favorite experiences during my clinical training was when I had a patient
who was first starting chemotherapy (化疗). My nursing instructor Marie told me
that patients often experience an anaphylactic (过敏性的) reaction to the medicine when they
first start chemotherapy, so it is important to give the medicine at a slower
rate. Marie said that if we had a patient who reacted to the medicine, we
should stop running the chemotherapy, check the patient's blood pressure, and
then give the appropriate medicine from the emergency kit.
When
I checked my patient a couple of minutes after starting his chemotherapy, I
asked him questions related to an anaphylactic reaction. I also noticed his
face was getting a little red and he looked short of breath. He mentioned
having lower back pain, so I immediately stopped the chemotherapy, started
taking his blood pressure, and reported it to Marie. His blood pressure was
within his normal limits, so we gave him Benadryl via his IV. The Benadryl
helped the patient, and we had the Benadryl running when we started his
chemotherapy again, but at a slower rate. This time the patient did not have an
anaphylactic reaction, and tolerated his chemotherapy well.
This
experience taught me how important it is to assess your patient and to teach
your patient beforehand about the reaction the patient could have due to the
medicine. Marie and I taught our patient about the reactions he could have due
to the chemotherapy; due to our teaching, our patient recognized his symptoms
and was able to know that what he was experiencing was an expected reaction.
During the clinical training, I had many experiences where I had to think on my
feet and conduct nursing care quickly. These experiences taught me a lot about
how to be a nurse and emphasized the importance of conducting proper patient
care.
1．Why did the author stop giving the patient chemotherapy
A．He had high blood pressure.
B．He had a reaction to the medicine.
C．He failed to tolerate the back pain.
D．He refused to answer her questions.
2．According to the author, what played a key role in saving the patient
A．Giving the patient immediate first aid.
B．Making adequate preparations in advance.
C．Assessing the effectiveness of the medicine.
D．Telling the patient the possible reactions of the medicine.
3．Which of the following words best describes the author's clinical experience
A．Rewarding. B．Dangerous. C．Interesting. D．Painful.
4．What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A．To express gratitude to her instructor.
B．To encourage others to take up nursing.
C．To share her clinical training experience.
D．To stress the importance of medical treatment.
【答案】1．B
2．D
3．A
4．C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者主要分享了她的临床培训经验以及收获。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
1．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Marie said that if we had a patient who reacted to the medicine, we should stop running the chemotherapy, check the patient's blood pressure, and then give the appropriate medicine from the emergency kit.”Marie说，如果有病人对药物有反应，我们应该停止化疗，检查病人的血压，然后从急救箱里拿出适当的药物。可知，因为病人有病人对药物有反应，所以作者停止化疗。故选B。
2．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“This experience taught me how important it is to assess your patient and to teach your patient beforehand about the reaction the patient could have due to the medicine. ”这段经历让我明白，评估你的病人，事先告诉你的病人药物可能引起的反应是多么重要。可知，告诉病人药物可能产生的反应对救病人起了关键作用。故选D。
3．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“These experiences taught me a lot about how to be a nurse and emphasized the importance of conducting proper patient care.”这些经历教会了我如何成为一名护士，并强调了正确护理病人的重要性。可知，作者的临床经验是值得的，有意义的。故选A。
4．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“This experience taught me how important it is to assess your patient and to teach your patient beforehand about the reaction the patient could have due to the medicine. ”这些经历教会了我如何成为一名护士，并强调了正确护理病人的重要性；以及“These experiences taught me a lot about how to be a nurse and emphasized the importance of conducting proper patient care.”这些经历教会了我如何成为一名护士，并强调了正确护理病人的重要性。可知，作者写本篇文章的目的是分享她的临床培训经验。故选C。
（2023高三上·湖北模拟） 阅读理解
Science is a process that builds upon existing theories and knowledge by continuously revising them. Every aspect of scientific knowledge can be questioned, including the general rules of thinking that appear to be most certain. So why is science trustworthy if it is always changing If tomorrow we will no longer see the world as Newton or Einstein found it to be, why should we take seriously today's scientific description of the world
The answer is simple: Because at any given moment of our history, this description of the world is the best we have. The fact that it can be made better can't diminish （降低） the fact that it is a useful instrument for understanding the world.
Consider a folk healer's herbal medicine. Can we say this treatment is "scientific" Yes, if it is proven to be effective, even if we have no idea why it works. In fact, quite a few common medications used today have their origin in folk treatments, and we are still not sure how they work. This does not imply that folk treatments are generally effective. To the contrary, many of them are not. What distinguishes scientific medicine is the readiness to seriously test a treatment and to be ready to change our minds if something is shown not to work. A research doctor in a modern hospital must be ready to change his theory if a more effective way of understanding illness, or treating it, becomes available.
What makes modern science uniquely powerful is its refusal to believe that it already possesses ultimate truth. The reliability of science is based not on certainty but on a complete absence of certainty. As John Stuart Mill wrote in "On Liberty" in 1859, "The beliefs which we have most warrant （依据） for, have no safeguard to rest on, but a standing invitation to the whole world to prove them unfounded. "
5．Why does the author raise the two questions in paragraph 1
A．To add some fun. B．To express doubts.
C．To introduce the topic. D．To provide background.
6．What can we learn about today's scientific description of the world
A．It can be timeless.
B．It can be improved.
C．It is of little value.
D．It is the best at any moment.
7．What is the author's attitude toward folk treatment
A．Dismissive. B．Objective. C．Pessimistic. D．Sympathetic.
8．What is the main idea of paragraph 4
A．It is unwise to believe in science.
B．Too much uncertainty lies in science.
C．The foundation of science is unfounded.
D．The lack of certainty makes science credible.
【答案】5．C
6．B
7．B
8．D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了尽管科学总是在变化，但是它还是值得信赖的原因。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
5．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"So why is science trustworthy if it is always changing If tomorrow we will no longer see the world as Newton or Einstein found it to be, why should we take seriously today's scientific description of the world "那么，如果科学总是在变化，为什么它是值得信赖的呢？如果明天我们看到的世界不再像牛顿或爱因斯坦发现的那样，我们为什么要认真对待今天对世界的科学描述呢？；以及下文论述可推知，作者在第一段中提出了两个问题是为了引入文章话题。故选C。
6．考查细节理解。根据第二段"The answer is simple: Because at any given moment of our history, this description of the world is the best we have. The fact that it can be made better can't diminish (降低) the fact that it is a useful instrument for understanding the world."答案很简单：因为在我们历史的任何时刻，这种对世界的描述都是我们拥有的最好的描述。它可以变得更好这一事实不能削弱它是理解世界的有用工具这一事实。可知，今天对世界的科学描述还可以改进。故选B。
7．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Consider a folk healer's herbal medicine. Can we say this treatment is‘scientific' Yes, if it is proven to be effective, even if we have no idea why it works. In fact, quite a few common medications used today have their origin in folk treatments, and we are still not sure how they work. This does not imply that folk treatments are generally effective. To the contrary, many of them are not."考虑一下民间治疗师的草药。我们能说这种治疗是"科学的"吗？是的，如果它被证明是有效的，即使我们不知道它为什么有效。事实上，今天使用的许多常用药物都起源于民间治疗，我们仍然不确定它们是如何起作用的。这并不意味着民间疗法通常是有效的。相反，许多民间疗法并非如此。可知，作者既陈述了民间治疗的优点，又提到了不足。可推知，作者对民间治疗持客观态度。故选B。
8．考查段落大意。根据第四段中的"What makes modern science uniquely powerful is its refusal to believe that it already possesses ultimate truth. The reliability of science is based not on certainty but on a complete absence of certainty."现代科学之所以具有独特的力量，是因为它拒绝相信自己已经掌握了终极真理。科学的可靠性不是建立在确定的基础上，而是建立在完全不确定的基础上。可知，第四段主要论述了缺乏确定性使得科学可信。故选D。
（2024高三上·昆明模拟） 阅读理解
Have you ever seen your cat or dog eating grass They do so because it can help their digestion, and many wild species use natural substances to prevent and control diseases. This is called "zoo pharmacognosy" or, more commonly, animal self-medication.
Scientists have discovered that tamarin monkeys use a specific tree resin (树脂) as medicine. In the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, scientists followed several groups of them to collect data. During one of these daily studies, tamarin monkeys were observed rubbing their bodies on the trunk of a tree. At first, researchers thought that they were marking their territory, a common behaviour in this species. Botanical experts later confirmed that the tree was a species of cabreuva, which is well known for its medical properties.
Researchers decided to place camera-traps in different sites at the foot of the tree to record future visits by tamarin monkeys. The records surprisingly showed that many animals living in the forest visited it. Totally, ten species were observed. For many of them, it was the first time that behaviors similar to self-medication had been observed. More surprisingly, one species spread resin on each other's fur in pairs. In general, the species seemed to specifically visit the tree to acquire the resin and seemingly benefit from it, either healing their wounds or fighting back parasites (寄生虫).
While further studies are needed to identify the properties of the resin and thus confirm that this is indeed self-medication, the use of it suggests that cabreuva represents a common and universal drugstore for the residents of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. It is likely to be a valuable resource helping the species maintain their magnitude by improving their health.
This discovery could have an important protection influence, as the disappearance of some trees could potentially affect the survival of some animals.
9．Why do tamarin monkeys rub themselves against the tree
A．They are trying to cure diseases.
B．They would like to digest what they eat.
C．They feel like occupying the land.
D．They are attracting companions' attention.
10．What do researchers find through camera-traps
A．Many animals copy monkeys' behaviors.
B．Animals can help each other clean the fur.
C．The cabreduva is the habitat of tamarin monkeys.
D．Resin can be used as medicine for some animals
11．What does the underlined word "magnitude" in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Populations. B．Characteristics.
C．Similarities. D．Flexibilities.
12．What is the possible significance of the discovery
A．Promoting evolution of creatures.
B．Increasing the production of resin.
C．Contributing to forest conservation.
D．Motivating the study of monkeys' diet.
【答案】9．A
10．D
11．A
12．C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究人员发现动物会使用一种特殊的树树脂作为药物来疗伤，并解释了研究开展的经过以及发现。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
9．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"During one of these daily studies, tamarin monkeys were observed rubbing their bodies on the trunk of a tree. At first, researchers thought that they were marking their territory, a common behaviour in this species. Botanical experts later confirmed that the tree was a species of cabreuva, which is well known for its medical properties."在其中一项日常研究中，研究人员观察到绢毛猴在树干上摩擦身体。起初，研究人员认为它们是在标记自己的领地，这是这种物种的常见行为。植物学专家后来证实，这棵树是一种以其药用特性而闻名的红檀香。可知，绢毛猴要在树上摩擦自己是为了努力治疗疾病。故选A。
10．考查细节理解。根据第三段"Researchers decided to place camera-traps in different sites at the foot of the tree to record future visits by tamarin monkeys. The records surprisingly showed that many animals living in the forest visited it. Totally, ten species were observed. For many of them, it was the first time that behaviors similar to self-medication had been observed. More surprisingly, one species spread resin on each other's fur in pairs. In general, the species seemed to specifically visit the tree to acquire the resin and seemingly benefit from it, either healing their wounds or fighting back parasites ( 寄生虫 )."研究人员决定在树脚的不同位置放置相机陷阱，以记录未来绢毛猴的访问。令人惊讶的是，记录显示许多生活在森林里的动物来过这里。共观察到10种。对他们中的许多人来说，这是第一次观察到类似于自我药物治疗的行为。更令人惊讶的是，一个物种会成对地在对方的皮毛上涂抹树脂。一般来说，这些物种似乎专门访问树来获取树脂，并从中受益，要么治愈伤口，要么击退寄生虫。可知，研究人员通过相机陷阱发现树脂可以用作一些动物的药。故选D。
11．考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的"It is likely to be a valuable resource helping the species maintain their"；以及"by improving their health"可知，红檀香是一种宝贵的资源，所以通过改善它们的健康状况可以有助于保持红檀香树木的数量。可推知划线词magnitude意思是"数量"。故选A。
12．考查细节理解。根据最后一段"This discovery could have an important protection influence, as the disappearance of some trees could potentially affect the survival of some animals."这一发现可能会对保护产生重要影响，因为一些树木的消失可能会影响一些动物的生存。可知，这一发现的可能意义是有助于森林保护。故选C。
（2022·丰城模拟）阅读理解
In a first-of-its-kind surgery, a 57-year-old patient with
terminal (晚期的) heart
disease received a successful transplant of a genetically-modified (转基因的) pig heart and is still doing well three days later. It was the
only currently available option for the patient. The historic surgery was
conducted by the University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC).
This organ transplant showed for the first time that a
genetically-modified animal heart can function like a human heart without
immediate rejection by the body. The patient, David Bennett, a Maryland resident,
is being carefully monitored over the next weeks to determine whether the
transplant provides lifesaving benefits. He had been considered ineligible for a traditional
heart transplant at UMMC and several other leading transplant centers that
reviewed his medical records.
"It was either die or do this transplant. I want to live. I
know it's a shot in the dark, but it's my last choice," said Mr. Bennett,
the patient, a day before the surgery was conducted. He had been hospitalized
for the past few months.
Before the surgery, three genes, responsible for the rejection of
pig organs by humans, were "knocked out" in the donor pig. Six human
genes responsible for immune acceptance of the pig heart were put in. Lastly,
one additional gene in the pig was knocked out to prevent unreasonable growth
of the pig heart tissue, which totaled 10 unique gene edits made in the donor
pig.
"This was a breakthrough surgery and brings us one step
closer to solving the organ shortage crisis. There are simply not enough donor
human hearts available to meet the long list of potential receivers," said
Bartley P. Griffith, Doctor of Medicine, who surgically transplanted the pig
heart into the patient. Daniel Maluf, Doctor of Medicine, said: "This
event is the final achievement of years of research and testing from our
multidisciplinary (多学科的) team
and represents a beginning of a new era in the field of organ transplantation
medicine."
13．Why is the transplant seen as the first of its kind
A．A major breakthrough to cure cancer.
B．A new technology to edit genes.
C． An available option for all patients.
D．A successful use of a pig heart.
14．Which of the following can replace the underlined word "ineligible" in paragraph 2
A．Grateful. B．Unqualified. C．Suitable. D．Irresponsible.
15．Why were some gene edits made in the donor pig
A．To increase the success rate of the surgery.
B．To give the donor pig a better survival rate.
C．To stop the overgrowth of the pig lung tissue.
D．To improve the acceptance of the additional gene.
16．What problem may be solved according to the last paragraph
A．The lack of heart medicine. B．The lack of donor human organs.
C．The lack of clinical tests. D．The lack of medical facilities.
【答案】13．D
14．B
15．A
16．B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了在一项史无前例的手术中，一名57岁的晚期心脏病患者成功移植了一颗转基因猪心脏，三天后仍表现良好。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
13．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“In a first-of-its-kind surgery, a 57-year-old patient with terminal (晚期的) heart disease received a successful transplant of a genetically-modified (转基因的) pig heart and is still doing well three days later. ” 在一项史无前例的手术中，一名57岁的晚期心脏病患者成功移植了一颗转基因猪心脏，三天后仍表现良好。可知，这是首例心脏移植手术是因为成功地使用了猪的心脏。故选D。
14．考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“‘It was either die or do this transplant. I want to live. I know it's a shot in the dark, but it's my last choice,' said Mr. Bennett, the patient, a day before the surgery was conducted.”“要么死亡，要么进行移植。我想活下去。我知道这是瞎猜，但这是我最后的选择，”病人贝内特在手术前一天说。可知，划线词所在的句子意为“在UMMC和其他几个主要的移植中心审查了他的医疗记录后，他被认为没有资格接受传统的心脏移植手术。”可推断ineligible意为“不符合资格的”。故选B。
15．考查推理判断。根据第四段“Before the surgery, three genes, responsible for the rejection of pig organs by humans, were ‘knocked out' in the donor pig . Six human genes responsible for immune acceptance of the pig heart were put in. Lastly, one additional gene in the pig was knocked out to prevent unreasonable growth of the pig heart tissue, which totaled 10 unique gene edits made in the donor pig.”手术前，在供体猪体内负责人体器官排斥的三个基因被“敲除”。6个负责猪心脏免疫接受的人类基因被植入。最后，为了防止猪心脏组织的不合理生长，在猪体内敲除了一个额外的基因，总共在供猪体内进行了10次独特的基因编辑。可推知，对供体猪进行基因编辑，以提高手术成功率。故选A。
16．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“This was a breakthrough surgery and brings us one step closer to solving the organ shortage crisis. There are simply not enough donor human hearts available to meet the long list of potential receivers”这是一次突破性的手术让我们离解决器官短缺危机又近了一步。根本没有足够的人类心脏供体来满足长长的潜在接受者名单。可知，根据最后一段，供体器官的缺乏可能得到解决。故选B。
（2023·全国乙卷）阅读理解
PRACTITIONERS
Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c. 1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine.
Tan Yunxian (1461 - 1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician.
James Barry (c. 1789 - 1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 - 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
17．What did Jacqueline and James have in common
A．Doing teaching jobs. B．Being hired as physicians.
C．Performing surgery. D．Being banned from medicine.
18．How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners
A．She wrote a book. B．She went through trials.
C．She worked as a dentist. D．She had formal education.
19．Who was the first African American with a medical degree
A．Jacqueline Felice de Almania. B．Tan Yunxian.
C．James Barry. D．Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
【答案】17．C
18．A
19．D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四位从医人员的生平与事迹。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇人物类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
17．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“ Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.”出生于佛罗伦萨的一个犹太家庭，她搬到巴黎当医生并做外科手术；以及第三段中的“ She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.”1813年，她获得了外科医生的资格，然后加入了英国军队，在海外服役。Barry于1859年退休，她以男人的身份生活和工作，从事了整个医学职业。可知，Jacqueline和James的共同点是都能进行外科手术。故选C。
18．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“ In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician.“1511年，Tan写了一本书《女医生的故事》，描述了她作为一名医生的生活。可推知，Tan与其他从业人员的不同之处在于她写了一本书。故选A。
19．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“ Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. ”四年后，她成为第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国女性，可知，Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国人。故选D。
二、任务型阅读
（2023·茂名模拟）任务型阅读
Four surprising ways to boost your heart health
As much as 80 percent of premature heart disease is preventable by making specific lifestyle choices. Some strategies, such as exercising and managing weight, are well known. 20． "A small change in your everyday routine can potentially have a big impact in the long run, " says preventive cardiologist Dr. Beth Abramson, a spokesperson for the Heart and Stroke (中风) Foundation of Canada.
Get eight hours of sleep.
If we don't have enough sleep, our bodies also have more difficulty controlling blood pressure, inflammation and glucose levels. 21．
22． Doing good for others helps your self-respect and relieves stress. Research issued in Psychosomatic Medicine in 2016 showed that a feeling of purpose in life is linked to a lower likelihood of heart attack and stroke. Depending on the type of work you do, volunteering might even increase your physical activity.
Avoid polluted air.
Exposure to this kind of pollution over time raises your risk of heart disease. 23． Try to get your outdoor exercise far away from highways and industrial districts, and spend more time indoors when the air quality index is poor.
Laugh.
A 2016 study in the Journal of Epidemiology of more than 20，000 people over the age of 65 found a lower risk of cardiovascular (心血管的) disease in those who reported laughing every day. 24． It may also serve as a mini-workout, helping your circulation and protecting the health of your arteries (动脉).
A. Be kind to others.
B. Engage in volunteer work.
C. You should laugh everyday.
D. Laughter reduces stress and depression.
E. But others may not have crossed your mind.
F. These factors can all have an impact on heart health.
G. Even short periods of it are unhealthy for people with other cardiovascular risks
【答案】20．E；21．F；22．B；23．G；24．D
【解析】【分析】本文这是一篇说明文，日常生活中的一个小小的改变，从长远来看可能会对预防心脏病产生巨大的影响。作者介绍了几个这样的改变。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇介绍类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
20．根据空前"As much as 80 percent of premature heart disease is preventable by making specific lifestyle choices. Some strategies, such as exercising and managing weight, are well known. "通过选择特定的生活方式，多达80%的早产儿心脏病是可以预防的。一些策略，如锻炼和控制体重，是众所周知的；以及空后"‘A small change in your everyday routine can potentially have a big impact in the long run, ' says preventive cardiologist Dr. Beth Abramson, a spokesperson for the Heart and Stroke （中风） Foundation of Canada. "加拿大心脏和中风基金会发言人、预防心脏病专家贝丝 艾布拉姆森博士说："日常生活中的一个小小的改变，从长远来看可能会产生巨大的影响。"可知，前后是转折关系 E. But others may not have crossed your mind. "但你可能没想过别的。"承上启下，符合语境。故选E。
21．根据空前"If we don't have enough sleep, our bodies also have more difficulty controlling blood pressure, inflammation and glucose levels. "如果我们没有足够的睡眠，我们的身体也很难控制血压、炎症和血糖水平。可知，缺少足够的睡眠会导致我们很难控制血压，炎症和血糖水平，空处指出血压，炎症和血糖水平得不到控制后对心脏产生一定的影响， F. These factors can all have an impact on heart health. "这些因素都会对心脏健康产生影响。"承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
22．根据空后"Doing good for others helps your self-respect and relieves stress. Research issued in Psychosomatic Medicine in 2016 showed that a feeling of purpose in life is linked to a lower likelihood of heart attack and stroke. Depending on the type of work you do, volunteering might even increase your physical activity."为他人做好事有助于你的自尊和减轻压力。2016年心身疾病发布的研究表明，生活的目标感与较低的心脏病发作和中风的可能性有关。根据你的工作类型，志愿者活动甚至可能增加你的体力活动。可知，做志愿者活动能降低心脏病发作的可能性， B. Engage in volunteer work. "从事志愿者工作。"适合做本段小标题。故选B。
23．根据空前"Exposure to this kind of pollution over time raises your risk of heart disease. "长期接触这种污染会增加患心脏病的风险；以及空后" Try to get your outdoor exercise far away from highways and industrial districts, and spend more time indoors when the air quality index is poor. "尽量让你的户外运动远离高速公路和工业区，当空气质量指数较差时，花更多的时间在室内。可知，空处应该也讲述接触空气污染对心脏的危害， G. Even short periods of it are unhealthy for people with other cardiovascular risks "即使是很短的一段时间，对于有其他心血管疾病风险的人来说也是不健康的"承上启下，符合语境。故选G。
24．根据空前"A 2016 study in the Journal of Epidemiology of more than 20，000 people over the age of 65 found a lower risk of cardiovascular （心血管的） disease in those who reported laughing every day. "2016年发表在《流行病学杂志》上的一项研究发现，那些被报告每天大笑的人患心血管疾病的风险较低。该研究调查了20000多名65岁以上的老年人。可知，空处应该大笑的好处， D. Laughter reduces stress and depression. "笑可以减轻压力和抑郁。"承接上文，符合语境。故选D。
三、语法填空
（2024高三上·咸阳模拟） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Acupuncture(针灸), 25． ancient Chinese medical practice,has been the treatment for 26． (count)patients for thousands of years. Before modern medicine came to life, ancient Chinese used stone tools 27． (relieve)pain. As time went by,this practice developed a comprehensive medical system and shaped the root of acupuncture.
Acupuncture is a treatment that aims to promote the body's self-regulating functions. Its principles are in line 28． the philosophical concepts of traditional Chinese medicine, 29． emphasizes integrated treatment,and balance of bodily functions.
Practices can vary in forms. Needle insertion(插入),the most common method, 30． (carry) out by inserting hair-thin needles into specific points on the body that channel vital energy(the qi). Practitioners lift and spin needles to unblock the flow of energy;restore yin and yang balance;and stimulate the body's inborn potential to heal 31． (it).
Looking beyond China,acupuncture has become a global treatment. Over the years, acupuncture 32． (see)many advancements in scientific research and modern medicine. It is now a mainstream alternative and treatment for 33． (variety)of diseases. According to a 2019 WHO report,acupuncture is used in 113 of its 120 member countries, 34． (illustrate) its widespread recognition and application.
【答案】25．an；26．countless；27．to relieve；28．with；29．which；30．is carried；31．itself；32．has seen；33．varieties；34．illustrating
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了针灸的历史、治疗方法以及它在现代医学中的地位。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及冠词，形容词，非谓语动词，介词，定语从句，时态语态，代词，名词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
25．句意：针灸是中国古老的医学实践，数千年来一直是无数患者的治疗方法。根据空后的"ancient Chinese medical practice"可知，这里泛指针灸是中国一种古老的医学实践，且其后的ancient发音以元音音素开头，所以应用不定冠词an。故填an。
26．句意：针灸是中国古老的医学实践，数千年来一直是无数患者的治疗方法。空处修饰名词patients，应用形容词作定语，结合句意可知，此处指"无数的"，应用形容词countless。故填countless。
27．句意：在现代医学出现之前，古代中国人使用石器来缓解疼痛。use sth. to do sth.固定短语，"使用某物做某事"，不定式作目的状语。故填to relieve。
28．句意：它的原理符合中医哲学的理念，即强调综合治疗和身体功能的平衡。in line with固定短语，"与……一致"，故填with。
29．句意：它的原理符合中医哲学的理念，即强调综合治疗和身体功能的平衡。 emphasizes integrated treatment,and balance of bodily function非限制性定语从句，指代先行词the philosophical concepts of traditional Chinese medicine，指物，且在从句中作主语，所以应用which引导。故填which。
30．句意：扎针是最常见的方法，是将头发细的针插入身体上引导生命能量（气）的特定部位。此处是谓语动词，根据上下文可知，这里陈述的是扎针的原理，应用一般现在时。主语Needle insertion和carry out之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，且谓语应用单数。故填is carried。
31．句意：针灸者举起并旋转针头以疏通能量流；恢复阴阳平衡；并刺激身体天生的自愈潜能。结合句意可知，此处和the body是同一指代对象，应用反身代词itself作宾语。故填itself。
32．句意：多年来，针灸在科学研究和现代医学方面取得了许多进步。根据句中的时间状语"Over the years"可知，这里应用现在完成时。主语为acupuncture，所以谓语应用单数。故填has seen。
33．句意：它现在是主流替代品和多种疾病的治疗方法。varieties of固定短语，"多种多样的"，相当于a variety of。故填varieties。
34．句意：根据世界卫生组织2019年的一份报告，针灸在其120个成员国中的113个国家使用，这说明了针灸得到了广泛认可和应用。动词illustrate的逻辑主语是前面的句子，两者之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填illustrating。
四、书面表达
35．（2023·浙江模拟）假定你是李华，你校英文报的Health栏目正在举行征文比赛。请你以中医为话题写一篇英文短文参赛。内容包括：
1）简要介绍中医；
2）如何看待中医的流行与传承。
参考词汇：中医traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）
注意：
1）写作词数应为80左右；
2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
【答案】 Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a history of thousands of years. It can be seen as a summary of the experience and knowledge of Chinese people fighting against diseases over the centuries.
TCM has been widely used in China. You can find a Chinese medicine shop along the street easily. The popularity of TCM can be understood easily, as the effectiveness of TCM is without doubt. In fighting against COVID-19, TCM has also played an important role.
From my point of view, as a part of our valuable cultural heritage and Eastern medical science, TCM should be carried forward from generation to generation.
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生以李华的身份， 以中医为话题写一篇英文短文参赛 。写作背景： 你校英文报的Health栏目正在举行征文比赛。 写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）简要介绍中医；2）如何看待中医的流行与传承。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如： It can be seen as a summary of the experience and knowledge of Chinese people fighting against diseases over the centuries.运用了被动语态； The popularity of TCM can be understood easily, as the effectiveness of TCM is without doubt. 运用了原因状语从句；From my point of view, as a part of our valuable cultural heritage and Eastern medical science, TCM should be carried forward from generation to generation.运用了被动语态。
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
热点时事话题专练18医疗健康
主要内容
1 作者的临床培训经验以及收获
2 尽管科学总是在变化，但是它还是值得信赖的
3 研究人员发现动物会使用一种特殊的树树脂作为药物来疗伤，并解释了研究开展的经过以及发现
4 一名57岁的晚期心脏病患者成功移植了一颗转基因猪心脏，三天后仍表现良好
5 四位从医人员的生平与事迹
6 日常生活中的一个小小的改变，从长远来看可能会对预防心脏病产生巨大的影响
7 针灸的历史、治疗方法以及它在现代医学中的地位
8 英文报的Health栏目正在举行征文比赛。请你以中医为话题写一篇英文短文参赛
一、阅读理解
（2022高三上·金华模拟）
阅读理解
When
I was
in nursing school, I had to focus more on my studies than other aspects of life, and learn so much in a short amount of time.
However, the clinical experience of nursing school allowed me to have the opportunity to put what I learned in my classes and readings into action.
One
of my favorite experiences during my clinical training was when I had a patient
who was first starting chemotherapy (化疗). My nursing instructor Marie told me
that patients often experience an anaphylactic (过敏性的) reaction to the medicine when they
first start chemotherapy, so it is important to give the medicine at a slower
rate. Marie said that if we had a patient who reacted to the medicine, we
should stop running the chemotherapy, check the patient's blood pressure, and
then give the appropriate medicine from the emergency kit.
When
I checked my patient a couple of minutes after starting his chemotherapy, I
asked him questions related to an anaphylactic reaction. I also noticed his
face was getting a little red and he looked short of breath. He mentioned
having lower back pain, so I immediately stopped the chemotherapy, started
taking his blood pressure, and reported it to Marie. His blood pressure was
within his normal limits, so we gave him Benadryl via his IV. The Benadryl
helped the patient, and we had the Benadryl running when we started his
chemotherapy again, but at a slower rate. This time the patient did not have an
anaphylactic reaction, and tolerated his chemotherapy well.
This
experience taught me how important it is to assess your patient and to teach
your patient beforehand about the reaction the patient could have due to the
medicine. Marie and I taught our patient about the reactions he could have due
to the chemotherapy; due to our teaching, our patient recognized his symptoms
and was able to know that what he was experiencing was an expected reaction.
During the clinical training, I had many experiences where I had to think on my
feet and conduct nursing care quickly. These experiences taught me a lot about
how to be a nurse and emphasized the importance of conducting proper patient
care.
1．Why did the author stop giving the patient chemotherapy
A．He had high blood pressure.
B．He had a reaction to the medicine.
C．He failed to tolerate the back pain.
D．He refused to answer her questions.
2．According to the author, what played a key role in saving the patient
A．Giving the patient immediate first aid.
B．Making adequate preparations in advance.
C．Assessing the effectiveness of the medicine.
D．Telling the patient the possible reactions of the medicine.
3．Which of the following words best describes the author's clinical experience
A．Rewarding. B．Dangerous. C．Interesting. D．Painful.
4．What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A．To express gratitude to her instructor.
B．To encourage others to take up nursing.
C．To share her clinical training experience.
D．To stress the importance of medical treatment.
（2023高三上·湖北模拟） 阅读理解
Science is a process that builds upon existing theories and knowledge by continuously revising them. Every aspect of scientific knowledge can be questioned, including the general rules of thinking that appear to be most certain. So why is science trustworthy if it is always changing If tomorrow we will no longer see the world as Newton or Einstein found it to be, why should we take seriously today's scientific description of the world
The answer is simple: Because at any given moment of our history, this description of the world is the best we have. The fact that it can be made better can't diminish （降低） the fact that it is a useful instrument for understanding the world.
Consider a folk healer's herbal medicine. Can we say this treatment is "scientific" Yes, if it is proven to be effective, even if we have no idea why it works. In fact, quite a few common medications used today have their origin in folk treatments, and we are still not sure how they work. This does not imply that folk treatments are generally effective. To the contrary, many of them are not. What distinguishes scientific medicine is the readiness to seriously test a treatment and to be ready to change our minds if something is shown not to work. A research doctor in a modern hospital must be ready to change his theory if a more effective way of understanding illness, or treating it, becomes available.
What makes modern science uniquely powerful is its refusal to believe that it already possesses ultimate truth. The reliability of science is based not on certainty but on a complete absence of certainty. As John Stuart Mill wrote in "On Liberty" in 1859, "The beliefs which we have most warrant （依据） for, have no safeguard to rest on, but a standing invitation to the whole world to prove them unfounded. "
5．Why does the author raise the two questions in paragraph 1
A．To add some fun. B．To express doubts.
C．To introduce the topic. D．To provide background.
6．What can we learn about today's scientific description of the world
A．It can be timeless.
B．It can be improved.
C．It is of little value.
D．It is the best at any moment.
7．What is the author's attitude toward folk treatment
A．Dismissive. B．Objective. C．Pessimistic. D．Sympathetic.
8．What is the main idea of paragraph 4
A．It is unwise to believe in science.
B．Too much uncertainty lies in science.
C．The foundation of science is unfounded.
D．The lack of certainty makes science credible.
（2024高三上·昆明模拟） 阅读理解
Have you ever seen your cat or dog eating grass They do so because it can help their digestion, and many wild species use natural substances to prevent and control diseases. This is called "zoo pharmacognosy" or, more commonly, animal self-medication.
Scientists have discovered that tamarin monkeys use a specific tree resin (树脂) as medicine. In the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, scientists followed several groups of them to collect data. During one of these daily studies, tamarin monkeys were observed rubbing their bodies on the trunk of a tree. At first, researchers thought that they were marking their territory, a common behaviour in this species. Botanical experts later confirmed that the tree was a species of cabreuva, which is well known for its medical properties.
Researchers decided to place camera-traps in different sites at the foot of the tree to record future visits by tamarin monkeys. The records surprisingly showed that many animals living in the forest visited it. Totally, ten species were observed. For many of them, it was the first time that behaviors similar to self-medication had been observed. More surprisingly, one species spread resin on each other's fur in pairs. In general, the species seemed to specifically visit the tree to acquire the resin and seemingly benefit from it, either healing their wounds or fighting back parasites (寄生虫).
While further studies are needed to identify the properties of the resin and thus confirm that this is indeed self-medication, the use of it suggests that cabreuva represents a common and universal drugstore for the residents of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. It is likely to be a valuable resource helping the species maintain their magnitude by improving their health.
This discovery could have an important protection influence, as the disappearance of some trees could potentially affect the survival of some animals.
9．Why do tamarin monkeys rub themselves against the tree
A．They are trying to cure diseases.
B．They would like to digest what they eat.
C．They feel like occupying the land.
D．They are attracting companions' attention.
10．What do researchers find through camera-traps
A．Many animals copy monkeys' behaviors.
B．Animals can help each other clean the fur.
C．The cabreduva is the habitat of tamarin monkeys.
D．Resin can be used as medicine for some animals
11．What does the underlined word "magnitude" in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Populations. B．Characteristics.
C．Similarities. D．Flexibilities.
12．What is the possible significance of the discovery
A．Promoting evolution of creatures.
B．Increasing the production of resin.
C．Contributing to forest conservation.
D．Motivating the study of monkeys' diet.
（2022·丰城模拟）阅读理解
In a first-of-its-kind surgery, a 57-year-old patient with
terminal (晚期的) heart
disease received a successful transplant of a genetically-modified (转基因的) pig heart and is still doing well three days later. It was the
only currently available option for the patient. The historic surgery was
conducted by the University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC).
This organ transplant showed for the first time that a
genetically-modified animal heart can function like a human heart without
immediate rejection by the body. The patient, David Bennett, a Maryland resident,
is being carefully monitored over the next weeks to determine whether the
transplant provides lifesaving benefits. He had been considered ineligible for a traditional
heart transplant at UMMC and several other leading transplant centers that
reviewed his medical records.
"It was either die or do this transplant. I want to live. I
know it's a shot in the dark, but it's my last choice," said Mr. Bennett,
the patient, a day before the surgery was conducted. He had been hospitalized
for the past few months.
Before the surgery, three genes, responsible for the rejection of
pig organs by humans, were "knocked out" in the donor pig. Six human
genes responsible for immune acceptance of the pig heart were put in. Lastly,
one additional gene in the pig was knocked out to prevent unreasonable growth
of the pig heart tissue, which totaled 10 unique gene edits made in the donor
pig.
"This was a breakthrough surgery and brings us one step
closer to solving the organ shortage crisis. There are simply not enough donor
human hearts available to meet the long list of potential receivers," said
Bartley P. Griffith, Doctor of Medicine, who surgically transplanted the pig
heart into the patient. Daniel Maluf, Doctor of Medicine, said: "This
event is the final achievement of years of research and testing from our
multidisciplinary (多学科的) team
and represents a beginning of a new era in the field of organ transplantation
medicine."
13．Why is the transplant seen as the first of its kind
A．A major breakthrough to cure cancer.
B．A new technology to edit genes.
C． An available option for all patients.
D．A successful use of a pig heart.
14．Which of the following can replace the underlined word "ineligible" in paragraph 2
A．Grateful. B．Unqualified. C．Suitable. D．Irresponsible.
15．Why were some gene edits made in the donor pig
A．To increase the success rate of the surgery.
B．To give the donor pig a better survival rate.
C．To stop the overgrowth of the pig lung tissue.
D．To improve the acceptance of the additional gene.
16．What problem may be solved according to the last paragraph
A．The lack of heart medicine. B．The lack of donor human organs.
C．The lack of clinical tests. D．The lack of medical facilities.
（2023·全国乙卷）阅读理解
PRACTITIONERS
Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c. 1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine.
Tan Yunxian (1461 - 1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician.
James Barry (c. 1789 - 1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 - 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
17．What did Jacqueline and James have in common
A．Doing teaching jobs. B．Being hired as physicians.
C．Performing surgery. D．Being banned from medicine.
18．How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners
A．She wrote a book. B．She went through trials.
C．She worked as a dentist. D．She had formal education.
19．Who was the first African American with a medical degree
A．Jacqueline Felice de Almania. B．Tan Yunxian.
C．James Barry. D．Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
二、任务型阅读
（2023·茂名模拟）任务型阅读
Four surprising ways to boost your heart health
As much as 80 percent of premature heart disease is preventable by making specific lifestyle choices. Some strategies, such as exercising and managing weight, are well known. 20． "A small change in your everyday routine can potentially have a big impact in the long run, " says preventive cardiologist Dr. Beth Abramson, a spokesperson for the Heart and Stroke (中风) Foundation of Canada.
Get eight hours of sleep.
If we don't have enough sleep, our bodies also have more difficulty controlling blood pressure, inflammation and glucose levels. 21．
22． Doing good for others helps your self-respect and relieves stress. Research issued in Psychosomatic Medicine in 2016 showed that a feeling of purpose in life is linked to a lower likelihood of heart attack and stroke. Depending on the type of work you do, volunteering might even increase your physical activity.
Avoid polluted air.
Exposure to this kind of pollution over time raises your risk of heart disease. 23． Try to get your outdoor exercise far away from highways and industrial districts, and spend more time indoors when the air quality index is poor.
Laugh.
A 2016 study in the Journal of Epidemiology of more than 20，000 people over the age of 65 found a lower risk of cardiovascular (心血管的) disease in those who reported laughing every day. 24． It may also serve as a mini-workout, helping your circulation and protecting the health of your arteries (动脉).
A. Be kind to others.
B. Engage in volunteer work.
C. You should laugh everyday.
D. Laughter reduces stress and depression.
E. But others may not have crossed your mind.
F. These factors can all have an impact on heart health.
G. Even short periods of it are unhealthy for people with other cardiovascular risks
三、语法填空
（2024高三上·咸阳模拟） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Acupuncture(针灸), 25． ancient Chinese medical practice,has been the treatment for 26． (count)patients for thousands of years. Before modern medicine came to life, ancient Chinese used stone tools 27． (relieve)pain. As time went by,this practice developed a comprehensive medical system and shaped the root of acupuncture.
Acupuncture is a treatment that aims to promote the body's self-regulating functions. Its principles are in line 28． the philosophical concepts of traditional Chinese medicine, 29． emphasizes integrated treatment,and balance of bodily functions.
Practices can vary in forms. Needle insertion(插入),the most common method, 30． (carry) out by inserting hair-thin needles into specific points on the body that channel vital energy(the qi). Practitioners lift and spin needles to unblock the flow of energy;restore yin and yang balance;and stimulate the body's inborn potential to heal 31． (it).
Looking beyond China,acupuncture has become a global treatment. Over the years, acupuncture 32． (see)many advancements in scientific research and modern medicine. It is now a mainstream alternative and treatment for 33． (variety)of diseases. According to a 2019 WHO report,acupuncture is used in 113 of its 120 member countries, 34． (illustrate) its widespread recognition and application.
四、书面表达
35．（2023·浙江模拟）假定你是李华，你校英文报的Health栏目正在举行征文比赛。请你以中医为话题写一篇英文短文参赛。内容包括：
1）简要介绍中医；
2）如何看待中医的流行与传承。
参考词汇：中医traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）
注意：
1）写作词数应为80左右；
2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
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