高中英语高考题型天天练（15）（35分钟，含解析）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高中英语高考题型天天练（十五）
（时间：35分钟）
一、阅读理解
A
When I zipped through elementary school way back in the 1950s, in English class we were encouraged to express ourselves through creative writing, public speaking or perhaps taking part in some form of drama. And as we shared our creativity we were improving our communication skills. The emphasis here was how best to convey our thoughts and talents as clearly as possible. Yet it seemed that all spoken word exercises were being taught only from the speaker’s point of view, with little or no time spent teaching the fine art of listening.
And that was a missed opportunity because young children are remarkable listeners. They take in words, ideas and speech patterns, quite often without our awareness. Yet somewhere along the way, we teach them to stop listening. Perhaps they would benefit from lessons in selective silence, concentration, while focusing on knowing how to process all incoming information. Sadly, to the best of my knowledge, no such programs are offered.
We seem to allocate less time to actually listening to one another. There is no question that we are a nation of bad listeners. One reason might be the fact that we have become a much more visual society as result of exposure to television, the Internet and all manner of hand-held wireless devices. We tend to be more self-absorbed and primarily focused on hearing ourselves talk rather than listening to others.
I attended a small family gathering a few years ago and almost everyone except my 86-year-old aunt was constantly texting or checking email on their iPhone It made me wonder why we had bothered get together in the first place as we were paying so little attention to one another. We could just as easily have had an online get-together.
Listening is indeed a rare and special talent. And one that takes a lot of practice. But once you have gotten comfortable with the technique, you might find your next tete-a-tete a whole lot more meaningful. Simply listening for nuances in conversation will provide so much more context and substance for the words you are hearing. Remember, in order to be interesting, you must first be interested. And in conversation, you are supposed to be listening, not waiting to talk.
1. What is the author’s attitude toward the English class in the 1950s
A. Carefree. B. Tolerant. C. Favorable. D. Objective.
2. What might be a reason that makes us bad listeners according to the author
A. We have less time to communicate. B. We have a sense of self-importance.
C. The rapid development of technology. D. The lack of care and understanding for others.
3. What can we learn about the author’s family gathering a few years ago
A. His aunt wasn’t good at listening.
B. His aunt didn’t like attending family gatherings.
C. His family members were engaged in hot discussions.
D. His family members showed little interest in one another.
4. What is the purpose of the last paragraph
A To lead discussions. B. To give suggestions.
C. To create expectations. D. To make comparisons.
B
Egypt is home to more than 100 pyramids, including the 4,500-year-old iconic (圣像的) Giza Pyramid, which is the last-standing ancient wonder of the world.
Giza is actually made up of three pyramids, Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure. Now, scientists are using High Energy Physics (HEP) to scan the Khufu structure at Giza. The new technology uses cosmic ray muons (宇宙射线介子) to scan deeper into the pyramid than has ever been seen before, and then map its internal structure.
What we see now is only the core structure of the Great Pyramid. Although the pyramid has been studied closely for centuries, there are two mysterious blanks that have kept archacologists (考古学家) puzzled.
One void (空间) is around 98 feet long and 20 feet high and could be one large space or several rooms, according to previous scans of the pyramid, while the other is much smaller, just beyond the north face of the pyramid. Archaeologists are not sure what either void functioned as; the most exciting possibility is that the larger space is the hidden burial chamber of Khufu, who was in power from around 2,551 BC to 2,528 BC.
The voids were discovered in 2017 when a project named Scan Pyramids ran a series of scans that analyzed the cosmic particles that fall to Earth (muons) to detect spaces within the structure. Muons are negatively charged elementary particles that form when cosmic rays collide (碰撞) with the Earth’s atmosphere. They are useful because they behave differently when interacting with stone, or water, versus air.
“We plan to field a telescope system that has upwards of 100 times the sensitivity of the equipment that has recently been used at the Great Pyramid,” a team of scientists wrote in a preprint paper—yet to be reviewed by other scientists.
“Since the detectors that are proposed are very large, they cannot be placed inside the pyramid, therefore our approach is to put them outside and move them along the base. In this way, we can collect muons from all angles in order to build up the required data set,” the team wrote in the paper.
5. What is the function of paragraph 1
A. To describe an ancient wonder. B. To present the new technology.
C. To highlight the Giza Pyramid. D. To introduce background information.
6. What do we know about the new technology
A. It moves above the base and builds up data.
B. It scans the side of the pyramid and collects muons.
C. It detects the outside of the pyramid and collects data.
D. It looks into the pyramid and records the structure inside.
7. What does the underline word “they” refer to in paragraph 5
A. Comic rays. B. Muons. C. Scans. D. Elementary particles.
8. What is this passage mainly about
A. Putting the detectors outside to collect data.
B. Discovering the voids using new technology.
C. Holding a telescope system to study the pyramid.
D. Uncovering the internal secret of pyramid using HEP.
二、七选五
It sounds like something from science fiction — a space journey into the vast expanse of space, heading towards Mars. While we’re not quite ready to put a person on the land, the question we ask today is: ____9____
The space race saw the USA and USSR compete to achieve firsts in spaceflight. The Soviet Union released Sputnik 1, an artificial satellite, before anyone else.____10____Now it appears that Mars is the heaven body of desire. While the reputation and bragging (吹嘘) rights to be the first nation to touchdown is an obvious draw, there are other reasons we want to get there.
___11___You only have to look at the fossilized remains of the dinosaurs to see the benefit of finding another habitable planet. While Mars doesn’t have the right conditions to call it home just yet, there’s always the concept of terraforming (地球化) — changing the environment of a planet to suit our needs.
However, not everyone agrees.____12____He has said the concept of changing habitability of another planet because of the damage we have done to Earth makes no sense when we can simply terraform Earth.
It seems the main reason is the search for extraterrestrial (地球外的) life.____13____Now seemingly dead, the potential fossils could answer questions about our own evolution and that of our planet. One theory is that bacterial life on our planet didn’t start here, but was transferred via asteroid (小行星) from Mars.
A. And the US landed on the Moon first.
B. Leading astrophysicist Neil Tyson is one of them.
C. One of these could be the survival of our species.
D. why are so many countries interested in going to Mars
E. It has been believed that at one time, Mars was abundant with life.
F. Surely inspiring a new generation to visit the stars is reason enough.
G. may landing on Mars inspire more people to become interested in science
三、完形填空
On the morning of September 11th, my closest friend, Kevin Bowser, died in the World Trade Center. The sorrow was so awful, but I was determined to channel it into something with____14____.
The next summer, I set off on a two-month bicycle tour to Philadelphia to ____15____ him. The whole nation was in deep sorrow and, as I travelled and ____16____ new people, we would inevitably (不可避免地) hug. I didn’t notice the ____17____ they brought at the time, but when I returned, a friend said that I often spoke about the hugs I shared with ____18____. The bike ride and the ____19____ I made enriched me, so I planned a second. I call it “Big Dave’s hug” .
Between 2002 and 2015, I ____20____ the stretches of North America three times. My Big Dave’s hug banner (横幅) introduced me and my ____21____. Some people were ____22____ about hugging me when they didn’t know the first thing about me. But when they saw my intention was_____23_____ and I wasn’t asking for anything, they _____24_____. Young people would reveal their childhood secrets and affairs, while elders always had great stories to _____25_____. Every city would warn me that the next was less _____26_____, but they never were.
It generated enormous joy. It was not just a hug, but also _____27_____ and moments. People ask why I’m doing it and I say it _____28_____ me, makes me smile and provides perspective.
14. A. regret B. purpose C. reputation D. profit
15. A. amuse B. check C. honour D. trick
16. A. hired B. met C. avoided D. treated
17. A. pride B. emptiness C. sorrow D. comfort
18. A. strangers B. volunteers C. victims D. consultants
19. A. connections B. schedules C. donations D. promises
20. A. charted B. studied C. cycled D. secured
21. A. destination B. achievement C. mission D. background
22. A. particular B. curious C. positive D. hesitant
23. A. sincere B. unclear C. strange D. awful
24. A. got away B. opened up C. gave in D. looked out
25. A. share B. type C. edit D. collect
26. A. known B. ambitious C. civilized D. friendly
27. A. conversations B. challenges C. tensions D. tolerances
28. A. beautifies B. publicizes C. enriches D. shelters
四、语法填空
China has countless attractions. The Great Wall is ____29____ (probable) one that is most familiar ____30____ the Western tourists. The Great Wall is like a giant stone dragon, ____31____ (wind) across the country from the ocean on the east to the desert on the west. It is the longest wall that ____32____ (build) ever, 1500 miles in ____33____ (long). Along the wall are watch towers, ____34____ soldiers were on the watch for threats. The wall was initially constructed ____35____ (prevent) invasion of neighboring states, and the majority of the existing wall is from the Ming Dynasty. From the top of the Great Wall, people can enjoy ____36____ impressive view of continuous mountains, green trees and blooming wild flowers. If we were to build such a wall now, we would use modern machines. ____37____, the ancient Chinese had to build the wall by hand. The reason why the Great Wall attracts tourists from all over the world every year is _____38_____ it represents the highest wisdom of ancient China. Just as the saying goes, “He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.”
【附：解析】
一、阅读理解
【A篇】
【语篇导读】：本文的语篇类型是议论文，主题语境为人与社会。文章主要论述了技术的发展导致我们花在真正倾听对方的时间似乎变少了这一问题，解释了其后背的原因以及倾听他人的建议。
1. D 推理判断题。根据第一段“When I zipped through elementary school way…the fine art of listening.(上世纪50年代，我上小学时，英语课鼓励我们通过创造性写作、公开演讲或参加某种形式的戏剧来表达自己。当我们分享我们的创造力时，我们也在提高我们的沟通技巧。这里的重点是如何最好地尽可能清楚地传达我们的想法和才能。然而，似乎所有的口语练习都只是从说话者的角度来教授，很少或根本没有花时间来教授倾听的艺术)”可推知，第一段提到了英语课的好处以及缺点，即作者对20世纪50年代英语课的态度是客观的。
2. C 细节理解题。根据第三段中“There is no question that… hand-held wireless devices.(毫无疑问，我们的国家都是糟糕的听众。其中一个原因可能是，由于电视、互联网和各种手持无线设备的使用，我们的社会变得更加视觉化)”可知，作者认为，是技术的快速发展让我们成为糟糕的倾听者。
3. D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“I attended a small family gathering a… to one another.(几年前，我参加了一个小型家庭聚会，除了我86岁的姑姑，几乎所有人都在不停地用iPhone发短信或查看电子邮件。这让我很好奇，我们当初为什么要在一起，因为我们对彼此的关注如此之少)”可知，在几年前的家庭聚会中，作者的家人对彼此都不感兴趣。
4. B 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Listening is indeed a rare and special talent. …, not waiting to talk.(倾听确实是一种罕见而特殊的才能。这需要大量的练习。但一旦你习惯了这种技巧，你可能会发现你的下一次私下交谈更有意义。简单地听对话中的细微差别会为你听到的单词提供更多的上下文和实质内容。记住，要想变得有趣，你必须首先感兴趣。在交谈中，你应该倾听，而不是等着说话)”可推知，最后一段的目的是给出建议。
【B篇】
【语篇导读】：本文的语篇类型是说明文，主题语境为人与社会。文章主要介绍了一种用于研究金字塔的新技术，该技术不仅不会对金字塔造成破坏，而且能得到更精确的数据。
5. D 推理判断题。根据第一段“Egypt is home to … ancient wonder of the world.(埃及有100多座金字塔，其中包括有4500年历史的标志性建筑吉萨金字塔，它是世界上现存的古代奇迹。)”和第二段中“Now, scientists are using High Energy Physics (HEP) … its internal structure.(现在，科学家们正在使用高能物理扫描吉萨的胡夫结构。这项新技术使用宇宙射线介子，比以往任何时候都更深入地扫描金字塔，然后绘制其内部结构。)”可知，第一段介绍了吉萨金字塔是提供背景信息，进而引出下文中新的金字塔研究技术。
6. D 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The new technology uses cosmic ray muons (宇宙射线介子) to scan deeper into the pyramid than has ever been seen before, and then map its internal structure.(这项新技术使用宇宙射线介子，比以往任何时候都更深入地扫描金字塔，然后绘制其内部结构。)”可知，这项新技术可以调查金字塔内部并记录其内部结构。
7. B 词句猜测题。 根据第五段中“Muons are negatively charged elementary particles…, versus air.(宇宙射线介子是带负电荷的基本粒子，当宇宙射线与地球大气层碰撞时形成。它们是有用的，因为它们在与石头、水和空气相互作用时表现不同。)”和指代关系可推知，“They”指代上文中提到的“Muons”，即宇宙射线介子。
8. D 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段中“Now, scientists are using High Energy Physics (HEP) … its internal structure.(现在，科学家们正在使用高能物理扫描吉萨的胡夫结构。这项新技术使用宇宙射线介子，比以往任何时候都更深入地扫描金字塔，然后绘制其内部结构。)”可推知，本文介绍了使用高能物理来揭示金字塔内部结构的新技术，所以“Uncovering the internal secret of pyramid using HEP.(利用HEP揭示金字塔的内部秘密。)”是文章主要内容。
二、七选五
【语篇导读】：本文的语篇类型是议论文，主题语境为人与社会。文章分析了为什么有这么多国家对登陆火星感兴趣。
9. D 根据上文“While we’re not quite ready to put a person on the land, the question we ask today is:(虽然我们还没有准备好把一个人送上火星，但我们今天要问的问题是：)”可知，此处会是一个疑问句，内容与登陆火星有关，选项D “why are so many countries interested in going to Mars (为什么有这么多国家对登陆火星感兴趣？)”符合题意。
10. A 根据上文“The space race saw …, before anyone else.(在太空竞赛中，美国和苏联竞相实现太空飞行的第一。苏联首先发射了人造卫星Sputnik1号)”可知，此处内容与美国在太空方面的领先有关，选项A “And the US landed on the Moon first. (美国首先登陆月球)”符合题意。
11. C 根据下文“You only have to look at the fossilized remains of the dinosaurs to see the benefit of finding another habitable planet. (你只需要看看恐龙的化石残骸，就能看到寻找另一个宜居星球的好处)”可知，此处内容与其中一个原因与人类的生存有关，选项C 中the survival of our species 对应下一句 fossilized remains of the dinosaurs。选项C “One of these could be the survival of our species. (其中原因之一可能是我们人类的生存)”符合题意。
12. B 根据下文“He has said the concept of… terra form Earth. (他说，我们可以简单地改造地球，因为我们对地球的破坏而改变另一个星球的宜居性的概念是没有意义的)”可知，此处内容与有反对的人有关，下一句代词 he指的是选项B 中的Neil Tyson。选项B “Leading astrophysicist Neil Tyson is one of them. (著名天体物理学家尼尔·泰森就是其中之一)”符合题意。
13. E 根据上文“It seems the main reason is the search for extraterrestrial (地球外的) life. (主要原因似乎是为了寻找地球外的生命)”可知，此处内容与地球外的生命有关，且选项E中at one time 对应下一句 Now seemingly dead。选项E“It has been believed that, at one time, Mars was abundant with life. (人们相信火星曾经有过丰富的生命)”符合题意。
三、完形填空
【语篇导读】：本文的语篇类型是记叙文，主题语境为人与社会。主要讲述了作者在自己最好的朋友去世后实施了一项拥抱计划，去世界各地与陌生人拥抱并与他们沟通交流、建立友谊的故事。
14. B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我太伤心了，因此我决定将悲伤转变为其他东西。A.regret后悔；B. purpose目的；C. reputation名声；D. profit利润。根据前文“The sorrow was so awful, but I was determined to channel it into something”可知，此处指作者需要将这种失去朋友的悲伤转变为其他的东西，这就是作者的目的。
15. C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二个暑假，为了纪念他，我骑着自行车进行了为期两个月的骑行到了费城。A. amuse娱乐；B. check/检查；C. honour纪念；D. trick欺骗。根据前文“The sorrow was so awful, but I was determined to channel it into something”可知，此处表示作者骑自行车是为了纪念死去的好友。
16. B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：整个国家都沉浸在深深的悲痛中，当我旅行并结识新朋友时，我们不可避免地会拥抱。A. hired雇佣；B. met遇见，C. avoided避免；D. treated招待。根据后文“we would inevitably (不可避免地) hug.”可知，此处指结识了新朋友，会拥抱。
17. D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我并没有注意到这些人给我带来的安慰，但是当我回去后，一个朋友说我经常提到我和这些陌生人的拥抱。A. pride自豪；B. emptiness空虚；C. sorrow悲伤；D. comfort安慰。根据前文“but when I returned, a friend said that I often spoke about the hugs”可知，回去后经常谈起，因此这些拥抱给了自己安慰。
18. A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我并没有注意到这些人给我带来的安慰，但是当我回去后，一个朋友说我经常提到我和这些陌生人的拥抱。A. strangers陌生人；B. volunteers志愿者；C. victims受害者；D. consultants咨询，顾问。根据前文的“new people”可知，此处与 new people形成了呼应。
19. A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这次骑行以及与陌生人产生的联系，让我感觉很丰富。A. connections连接；B. schedules计划；C. donations捐献；D. promises承诺。根据前文“we would inevitably (不可避免地) hug.”可知，作者因为骑车去了费城和并陌生人拥抱，所以形成了某种情感上的联系。
20. C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在2002年到2016年间，我骑自行车到了北美三次。A. charted绘制；B. studied学习，研究；C. cycled骑车；D. secured使安全。根据作者骑自行车去费城可知，作者是一个喜欢骑自行车的人，所以这里也应该选择cycle，表示骑自行车旅行。
21. C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我那Big Dave’s hug横幅介绍了我，以及我的使命。A. destination目的地；B. achievement成就；C. mission使命；D. background背景。根据文章第二段介绍了作者在别人的拥抱中得到了安慰可知，所以他的使命就是“big Dave's hug”，也就是把这种安慰的拥抱带给更多的人 。
22. D 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他们不知道我是谁时，他们对于拥抱我是很犹豫的。A. particular挑剔的；B. curious好奇的；C. positive积极的；D. hesitant犹豫的。根据后文“they didn't know the first thing about me”可知，一开始大家对于拥抱作者是很犹豫的，因为他们并不知道作者是一个什么样的人。 。
23. A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是当他们知道了我的来意，并且我也并没索要任何东西时，他们敞开了心扉。A. sincere真诚的；B. unclear不清晰的；C. strange奇怪的；D. awful糟糕的。根据前文的“But”，可知大家的态度发生了转变，转变的原因是因为作者的真诚。
24. B 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：但是当他们知道了我的来意，并且我也并没索要任何东西时，他们敞开了心扉。A. get away逃掉；B. open up开放，敞开心扉；C. give in屈服；D. look out当心。根据前文“But when they saw my intention was____10____ and I wasn’t asking for anything”可知，因为大家被作者的真诚打动了，所以他们愿意去敞开心扉 。
25. A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：年轻人会透露他们童年的秘密和风流韵事，而老年人则会分享自己伟大的故事。A. share分享；B. type打字，分类；C. edit编辑；D. collect收集。根据前文“Young people would reveal their childhood secrets and affairs”可知，此处指老年人和作者分享自己的伟事 。
26. D 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个城市的人都会提醒我下一个城市肯定不会像他们这样友好了，但是下一个城市也是很友好的。A. known著名的；B. ambitious野心勃勃的；C. civilized文明的；D. friendly友好的。从前文人们的态度转变可知，大家一开始都是非常警惕的，所以当他们和作者交朋友之后，他们会提醒作者下一个城市肯定不会像他们这样友好了 。
27. A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这不仅是一个拥抱，而且还是交流和重大的时刻。A. conversations交流；B. challenges挑战；C. tensions紧张；D. tolerances忍受。根据前文“It was not just a hug,”可知，此处指拥抱不只是表面上的拥抱，而且是心灵的交流 。
28. C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们问我为什么要这么做，我说，这丰富了我的精神世界，并且让我微笑，给我提供了视觉。A. beautifies美化；B. publicizes宣传，公布；C. enriches使丰富；D. shelters提供避难所。根据前文的“enriched me”可知，此处表示这项活动丰富了作者的精神世界 。
四、语法填空
【语篇导读】：本文的语篇类型是说明文，主题语境为人与社会。文章主要介绍了西方游客最熟悉的中国长城的具体情况。
29. probably 考查副词。句意：长城可能是西方游客最熟悉的景点之一。分析句子可知，空处修饰句子，副词probably符合题意，意为“可能”。
30. to 考查介词。句意：长城可能是西方游客最熟悉的景点之一。根据“is most familiar”和“the Western tourists”可知，此处用固定短语sth. be familiar to sb.表示“某物为某人所熟悉”。
31. winding 考查非谓语动词。句意：长城就像一条巨大的石龙，东起海洋，西至沙漠，蜿蜒横贯整个国家。句子主干成分完整，空处的行为和谓语行为同时发生，作句子的伴随状语，wind“蜿蜒而行”和The Great Wall逻辑上是主动关系，应用wind的现在分词形式。
32. has been built 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这是迄今为止建造的最长的城墙，有1500英里长。分析句子可知，空处作that引导的定语从句的谓语，从句的先行词是the longest wall，在从句中作主语，结合ever可知，时态应用现在完成时，build“建造”和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语为单数，助动词用has。
33. length 考查名词。句意：这是迄今为止建造的最长的城墙，有1500英里长。分析句子可知，空处作in的宾语，结合1500 miles可知，此处描述长度，表示“长为1500英里”，应用名词length，in length为固定短语，意为“在长度上，长度为”。
34. where 考查定语从句。句意：沿着城墙有瞭望塔，士兵们在那里监视威胁。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词watch towers作补充说明，先行词在从句中表示行为发生的地点，作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。
35. to prevent 考查非谓语动词。句意：长城最初是为了防止邻国的入侵而修建的，现存的长城大部分是明朝修建的。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处作目的状语，表示“为了……”，应用prevent的不定式形式。
36. an 考查冠词。句意：从长城顶上，人们可以欣赏到连绵不绝的山脉、绿树和盛开的野花这样令人印象深刻的景色。分析句子可知，空处表示泛指，意为“一个”，应用不定冠词，且impressive的发音以元音音素开头，应用an。
37. However 考查副词。句意：然而，古代的人不得不手工建造长城。前一句从假设的角度说明现代人建造的方式，本句说明古代人的建造方式，前后语义构成转折，且空后有逗号，因此应用意为“但是，然而”的转折副词however，且空处位于句首，首字母需大写。
38. that 考查表语从句。句意：长城之所以每年都吸引着来自世界各地的游客，是因为它代表了中国古代最高的智慧。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作is的表语，表语从句的成分和语义均完整，应用连接词that作引导词。
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