押北京卷第21-27题
阅读理解A、B篇
【三年考情回顾】
A篇
时间 卷次 主题语境 文体 题型分类
2023年 北京卷 人与社会：成为国际奥委会青年领袖项目要求 应用文 3个细节理解题。
2022年 北京卷 人与自我：同伴辅助学习课程(PASS) 应用文 3个细节理解题。
2021年 北京卷 人与社会：联合国教科文组织的实习项目 应用文 3个细节理解题。
应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人简介、商品说明与介绍、新闻报道等，形式多样，题材各异(如图示、表格等)，措辞简洁明了，直截了当。具体答题技巧如下：
1. 材料特点
综观近几年的高考英语阅读理解题，其中应用类阅读题内容主要涉及的是与人们生活息息相关的信息，如产品宣传、服务介绍、招生招聘等。
2. 形式特点
做广告的主要目的就是要让受众了解并记住广告的内容，并为广告上所刊登的内容(产品或服务等)买单。为了达到这一目的，人们在设计广告时往往会做到：标题醒目，重点突出，条理清楚。
3. 用词特点
广告类阅读材料的用词有＂三多＂特点：一是人名、地名、专有名词多；二是生词多；三是缩略词、省略句多。
4. 命题特点
广告类阅读是近几年高考英语阅读理解最常考的题材，在阅读理解的选材中占有很大的比重。命题者的目的是要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，所以命题的题型多是以获取信息为主的细节理解题。
B篇
时间 卷次 主题语境 文体 题型分类
2023年 北京卷 人与自我：作者职业成功的经历 记叙文 1个细节理解题
3个推理判断题
2022年 北京卷 人与社会：参加保护自然活动治愈好了焦虑 记叙文 3个细节理解题 1个推理判断题
2021年 北京卷 人与自我：第一印象不总是可信 记叙文 3个细节理解题 1个推理判断题
1、记叙文基本特点
从历年高考统计数据来看，记叙文内容主要归纳为三个类型：一、人物传记 二、人物故事三、新闻报道
2、“人物传记”类记叙文解题策略
人物传记是高中记叙文考试中常遇到的体裁形式。针对人物传记，学生应该重视文中人物学习以及工作情况的描写，并且理顺人物出生到死亡的顺序。针对人物不同年龄阶段做过的事情、说过的话进行理解。主要是针对人物描写时间顺序、生活背景、实践经历、名人名言几个要素进行认知。
3、“人物故事”类记叙文解题策略
要有效地解决英语记叙文阅读中的问题，就必须要理清事件发展的顺序以及人物之间的关系。把握记叙文的题材，理清作者想要表达的主要意图。有重点地把握人物特征，了解整个事情的来龙去脉，正确地认识文章的结构以及文章题材倾向。针对叙事为主的记叙文，学生应该注意：
A.记叙的要素（who、when、where、what、why、how）
B. 叙述的人称（第一人称/第三人称）
C.记叙的顺序或方法（顺叙、倒叙和插叙）
D.叙述的线索 （以时间为线索；以地点为线索；以事件发展的过程为线索；以事物的象征意义为线索；以人物的思想行为及认知的过程为线索）
四、“新闻报道”类记叙文解题策略
新闻报道类阅读理解首先注意新闻“倒金字塔”结构特点，重视“首段”和“段首”，因为这样可以抓住文章的主旨句，有利于把握文章大意和作者写作意图。
同时，还应学会运用括号法分析长难句，把影响考生理解的各种从句、非谓语动词短语以及复杂介词短语括起来，从而达到“去枝叶，留主干”的目的，进而准确理解句子含义。
应用文 (2023北京，A)
The International Olympic Committee(IOC)Young Leaders programme empowers talents to make a positive difference in their communities through sport. Twenty-five Young Leaders are being selected every two years for a four-year period. They promote the Olympic values, spreading the message of sport for good.
To be an IOC Young Leader, you need to first complete the 4-Week Learning Sprint (冲刺).
4-Week Learning Sprint
The 4-Week Learning Sprint, which will take place during November 2023, is a virtual learning programme. The sessions can be attended live or watched back after they are made available on the IOC channel. Each week, participants will be asked to complete a topic﹣specific reflection task.
The 4-Week Learning Sprint is open to anyone, with the target audience aged between 20 and 28.
After successfully completing the 4-Week Learning Sprint, you will need to submit a plan for a sport﹣based project, which you will work on if selected as an IOC Young Leader.
Requirements for the Applicants
You have successfully completed the 4-Week Learning Sprint.
You have completed your high school studies.
You have at least one year of work experience.
You have strong public speaking skills.
You are self-motivated and committed.
You are passionate about creating positive change in your community.
You are open to being coached and advised by experts and peers (同伴).
You are able to work with people from different backgrounds.
1. In the 4-Week Learning Sprint, participants will ________.
A. create change in their community B. attend a virtual learning programme
C. meet people from different backgrounds D. promote the IOC Young Leaders project
2. If selected as an IOC Young Leader, one will need to ________.
A. complete a reflection task each week B. watch sports on the IOC channel
C. work on a sport-based project D. coach and advise their peers
3. Which is a requirement for the applicants
A. Spreading the message of sport for good. B. Having at least one-year work experience.
C. Showing great passion for project planning. D. Committing themselves to becoming an expert.
【答案】1. B2. C3. B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个成为国际奥委会青年领袖的项目以及要求。
1. 细节理解题。根据4-Week Learning Sprint部分中“The 4-Week Learning Sprint, which will take place during November 2023, is a virtual learning programme. The sessions can be attended live or watched back after they are made available on the IOC channel. (为期4周的学习冲刺是一个虚拟学习计划，将于2023年11月进行。这些会议可以现场观看，也可以在IOC频道播出后观看)”可知，在为期四周的学习冲刺中，参与者将参加虚拟学习课程。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据4-Week Learning Sprint部分中“After successfully completing the 4-Week Learning Sprint, you will need to submit a plan for a sport﹣based project, which you will work on if selected as an IOC Young Leader. (在成功完成为期4周的冲刺学习后，您需要提交一份以体育为基础的项目计划，如果您被选为国际奥委会青年领袖，您将参与其中)”可知，如果被选为国际奥委会青年领袖，需要做一个以运动为基础的项目。故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据Requirements for the Applicants部分中“You have at least one year of work experience. (你至少有一年的工作经验)”可知，对申请人的要求是至少一年工作经验。故选B。
记叙文(2023北京，B)
Sitting in the garden for my friend's birthday, I felt a buzz(振动) in my pocket. My heart raced when I saw the email sender's name. The email started off:“Dear Mr Green, thank you for your interest” and “the review process took longer than expected.” It ended with “We are sorry to inform you...” and my vision blurred(模糊). The position—measuring soil quality in the Sahara Desert as part of an undergraduate research programme—had felt like the answer I had spent years looking for. I had put so much time and emotional energy into applying, and I thought the rejection meant the end of the road for my science career.
So I was shocked when, not long after the email, Professor Mary Devon, who was running the programme, invited me to observe the work being done in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally shocked—and overjoyed—when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab. What she proposed didn't seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to, but I was going to give it my all.
I found myself working with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data from the desert remotely. That project, which I could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the desert, not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional methods didn't. In the end, I had a new scientific interest to pursue.
When I applied to graduate school, I found three programmes promising to allow me to follow my desired research direction. And I applied with the same anxious excitement as before. When I was rejected from one that had seemed like a perfect fit, it was undoubtedly difficult. But this time I had the perspective(视角) to keep it from sending me into panic. It helped that in the end I was accepted into one of the other programmes I was also excited about.
Rather than setting plans in stone, I've learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they don't sound perfect at the time, and make the most of them.
1. How did the author feel upon seeing the email sender's name
A. Anxious. B. Angry. C. Surprised. D. Settled.
2. After talking with Professor Devon, the author decided to .
A. criticise the review process B. stay longer in the Sahara Desert
C. apply to the original project again D. put his heart and soul into the lab work
3. According to the author, the project with the robotics professor was .
A. demanding B. inspiring
C. misleading D. amusing
4. What can we learn from this passage
A. An invitation is a reputation. B. An innovation is a resolution.
C. A rejection can be a redirection. D. A reflection can be a restriction.
[语篇解读]本文是记叙文。作者申请心仪的项目被拒，在退而求其次的选择中找到自己的兴趣点，重燃希望。这个故事告诫我们：要学会充分利用现有资源，在每一次失败中寻找新的方向与目标。
1. A细节理解题。根据题干关键信息upon seeing the email sender's name可定位答案在文章第一段开头。My heart raced体现出作者内心的紧张与不安。故选A。
2. D细节理解题。根据题干关键信息 After talking with Professor Devon可定位答案在文章第二段最后一句。“What she proposed didn't seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to, but I was going to give it my all.”表明作者决定加入Professor Devon的项目，并且尽其所能做好工作。故选D。
3. B推理判断题。根据题干关键信息the project with the robotics professor可定位答案在文章第三段。最后一句“In the end, I had a new scientific interest to pursue.”表明，这次科研经历让作者受到了鼓舞，有了新的兴趣。故选B。
4. C推理判断题。纵观全文，作者讲述了自己两次被拒的经历，因此“被拒”成为贯穿全篇的一条线。每一次
被拒后，他都充分利用现有机会创造新的机遇，而新的机遇又让他燃起新的热情。故选C项（被拒绝可以让人找到新的方向）。
熟词生义
race熟义：v.（和……）比赛；参加比赛生义：v.（因为害怕、兴奋等）急速跳动，快速转动
应用文答题策略
1. 先题后文：
先读试题，了解试题考点；明确目的，快速捕捉，获取信息。
2. 原文定位：
根据题干关键词到文中定位答案范围，按照题目顺序依次而下：问题与材料相同→对号入座；问题与原文相同→同义替换、归纳事实等。
3. 淡化生词：
遇到人名、地名、专有名词等；如与答题无关，直接跳过；涉及答题，则根据语境、构词法等猜词。
4. 思维导图：
记叙文答题策略
1.顺藤摸瓜 ：记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W（what, who, when, where, why）要素。因此我们作答细节题的时候，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。
2.左顾右盼 ：在做题过程中，需要抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。
3.刨根问底 ：主旨大意题或推理判断题等不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；要在文前文后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。
4.拨云见日 ：每年的高考阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。这时，你不仅需要＂左顾右盼＂，还需要在几句话，一个段落，乃至整篇文章的字里行间中快速搜寻，看看前面、后
面都发生了些什么；反复琢磨人物、事物，或者人物与事物之间的内在联系，才可能在最后拨开团团迷雾，从四个选项中选出正确答案。
5.一锤定音：有时记叙文最后一题需要选定标题，颇有难度。既要注意文章反复出现的关键词（key words），还应注意文章的主旨或隐含意义。实在有困难的话，还可以用排除法。从历年高考统计数据来看，记叙文标题可以是以下情况：短语型；句子型；问句型等。
应用文
一
（2024·西城区一模）
A
Discovery Pass
With a NSW TrainLink Discovery Pass, you can
get unlimited booked travel to more than 365 destinations on the NSW TrainLink Regional train and coach network
choose a pass that suits your travel plans: 14 days, one month, three months or six months
choose a class of travel that suits your style: Economy or First Class (Premium).
Please note that you cannot book a child ticket online with a Discovery Pass. You will instead need to call 13 22 32 or visit a sales agent.
Before purchasing a pass, please read the relevant terms and rules. A NSW TrainLink Discovery Pass is non-refundable and it cannot be assigned to another person.
Prices
Pass type 14 days 1 month 3 months 6 months
Adult Economy $232 $275 $298 $420
Adult Premium $300 $350 $400 $550
Child Economy $121 $143 $154 $220
Child Premium $154 $176 $220 $275
How to purchase a pass and book trips
Step 1: Purchase a Discovery Pass
Choose a time limit and class of travel that suits your needs.
Step 2: Book your trips
After you purchase a Discovery Pass, you have up to one month to book your first trip. The time limit on your pass will start from the departure date of your first booked trip. All trips must be booked and taken before the expiry (到期) date indicated on the pass. You must book each trip before you travel.
Find out more about ways to book your ticket Visit our website:
https: /transportnsw.info/tickets-opal/regional-tickets-fares/ways-to-book-your-ticket
1. You can use a NSW TrainLink Discovery Pass to ______.
A. book a child ticket online B. choose a class of travel that suits you
C. choose a weekly, monthly or yearly pass D. get booked travel to unlimited destinations
2. If a mother with a child wants to buy a one-month NSW TrainLink Discovery Pass for Economy Class, she should pay .
A. $353 B. $418 C. $693 D. $876
3. What can we know about a NSW TrainLink Discovery Pass
A. A pass can be given to another person.
B. A pass can be refunded to NSW Trains.
C. The time limit on a pass starts from the day of your purchase.
D. You should book your first trip within one month after your purchase.
【答案】1. B 2. B 3. D
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍一个名为NSW TrainLink Discovery Pass的火车票服务。
1.细节理解题。根据第三段“ choose a class of travel that suits your style: Economy or First Class (Premium).( 选择适合自己风格的舱位：经济舱或头等舱（高级舱）)”可知，你可以使用NSW TrainLink Discovery Pass来选择适合你的旅行等级。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据Prices表格中“1 month”部分中可知，成人经济舱是$275，儿童经济舱是$143，故如果一位带孩子的母亲想买一张为期一个月的NSW TrainLink经济舱通票，她需要支付275+143=418美元。故选
B。
3.细节理解题。根据Step 2: Book your trips部分中“After you purchase a Discovery Pass, you have up to one month to book your first trip.(购买探索通行证后，您最多有一个月的时间来预订您的第一次旅行)”可知，关于NSW TrainLink Discovery Pass，你应该在购买后一个月内预订你的第一次旅行。故选D。
二
Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and throughout the year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer.
Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2)
Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail (小径), camping, or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store.
Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21)
Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center.
Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2)
From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk.
Photography Workshops (June 19 &July 10)
Enhance your photography skills — join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
6/19 — Waterfalls &Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point.
7/10 — Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
1. Which of the four programs begins the earliest
A. Photography Workshops. B. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
C. Canyon Talks at Artist Point. D. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone.
2. What is the short talk at Artist Point about
A. Works of famous artists. B. Protection of wild animals.
C. Basic photography skills. D. History of the canyon area.
3. Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop
A. Artist Point. B. Washburn Trailhead.
C. Canyon Village Store. D. Visitor Education Center.
【答案】1. D 2. D 3. B
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了黄石国家公园提供的几项护林员项目。
1.细节理解题。根据每个项目后的时间“Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2) (在黄石体验野生动物（5月26日至9月2日）)”和“Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21) (少年游骑兵野生动物奥林匹克运动会（6月5日至8月21日）)”与“Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2) (在Artist Point的峡谷会谈（6月9日至9月2日）)”以及“Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10) (摄影研讨会（6月19日和7月10日）)”可知，四个项目中在黄石体验野生动物开始的时间最早。故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据文章“Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2) (在Artist Point的峡谷会谈（6月9日至9月2日）)部分中的“From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. (从一个经典的视角，欣赏下瀑布、黄石河和峡谷的壮丽色彩，同时了解该地区的自然和人类历史)”可知，在Artist Point的简短演讲主题是关于峡谷地区的历史的。故选D。
3.细节理解题。根据文章“Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10) (摄影研讨会（6月19日和7月10日）)”部分中的“7/10 — Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area. (7/10——Wildflowers &White Balance：在奇滕登停车场的Washburn Trailhead举行)”可知，7月10日的摄影研讨会将在Washburn Trailhead举行。故选B。
三
Part-Time Store Associate
Location 155 Hillwood Ave Falls Church VA 22046
Duties ● Process customer purchases, perform general cleaning duties, and keep stock shelves and merchandise (货物) displays clean and neat; ● Greet and receive customers in a welcoming manner; ● Respond to customers’ questions and assist customers with their shopping process; ● Cooperate with team members and communicate clearly to the store management team; ● Check errors and other general issues; ● Follow the cash policies and procedures to minimize losses;
PhysicalDemands ● Ability to stock merchandise from store receiving to shelving; ● Ability to place products, weighing up to 45 pounds (about 20 kilograms), on shelves at various heights; ● Regularly required to sit, stand, bend, push, pull, lift, carry goods and walk about the store;
Qualifications ● Provide polite and immediate customer service; ● Operate a cash register efficiently and accurately; ● Ability to safely and properly operate equipment, including electric/manual hand jacks (千斤顶), floor scrubbers, and cardboard balers (打包机); ●Perform general cleaning duties to company standards; ● Interpret and apply company policies and procedures; ● Excellent communication skills; ● Work both independently and within a team environment; ● Ability to say organized, give attention to detail, and follow instructions in a professional and efficient manner; ● Meet any sate and local requirements for handling and selling alcoholic beverages;
Education ● High School Diploma or GED; ● Prior work experience in a retail environment preferred;
Salary ● $15～$18 per hour(more than 10 hours but fewer than 30 hours per week); ● Supplemental pay types: Bonus pay (depending on your sales but not less than $30 per week).
1. What belongs to a responsibility of a part-time store associate
A. Help customers with shopping.
B. Respond to online customer orders.
C. Deliver groceries to customers’ homes.
D. Adjust the cash policies and procedures.
2. What is essential for working as a store associate
A. Being able to drink a lot. B. Having one-year related experience.
C. Being physically strong and flexible. D. Being able to speak English fluently.
3. How much could a part-time store associate make at least within a week
A. $570. B. $480. C. $210. D. $180.
1. A 2. C 3. D
【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章介绍了一个兼职店员职位的相关信息及要求。
1. 细节理解题。根据Duties部分中“Respond to customers’ questions and assist customers with their shopping process; (回答客户的问题并协助客户完成购物过程)”可知，帮助顾客购物是兼职店员的责任，故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据Physical Demands部分中“Ability to place products, weighing up to 45 pounds (about 20 kilograms), on shelves at various heights;(能够将重达45磅(约20公斤)的产品放置在不同高度的货架上)”和“Regularly required to sit, stand, bend, reach, push, pull, lift, carry goods and walk about the store(经常需要坐、站、弯腰、伸手、推、拉、举、拿货物和在店内走动)”可知，兼职店员需要体力强壮且灵活，故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据Salary部分中“$15-$18 per hour(more than 10 hours but fewer than 30 hours per week);(每小时15~18元(每周超过10小时但少于30小时))”和“Supplemental pay types: Bonus pay (depending on your sales but not less than $30 per week).(补充工资类型：奖金(取决于你的销售额，但每周不少于30美元)。)”可知，兼职店员每周至少要工作10小时，每小时最低工资为15美元，另外每周还有至少30美元的奖金，所以兼职店员一周至少能赚10×15+30=180美元，故选D。
四
Online Events
Virtual Book Tasting
Need a new book for the month Then come and get a taste of a variety of new and popular books from our librarians that are in our collection! This event will take place over Google Meet. Registration begins at 9 am, October 28.
Date and Time: 3 pm, November 23
Host: Pelham Parkway-Van Nest Library, online only
Audience: teachers, teens/young adults
Lunchtime Virtual Handwriting Den
When was the last time you sent a thank-you note to a beloved one Come and put pen to paper. Write, chat, and share (not required but encouraged) in a safe, welcoming, and friendly environment.
Date and Time: 1 pm, November 30
Host: Muhlenberg Community Library, online only
Audience: adults
Family Storytime
Join the staff at Fort Washington Library for a live, online program with songs, rhymes,and favorite read-aloud books. Both the parent/caregiver and the child must be present during the entire program.
Date and Time: 10: 30 am, December 7
Host: Fort Washington Library, online only
Audience: children, infants (0-18 months old), toddlers (18-36 months old), preschoolers (3-5 years old)
Teen Book Discussion: Sports Books
Come and hear about books about your favorite sports and tell us about yours. This event will take place over Google Meet. You must register with your email address to receive the link, approximately one day before the program, to participate.
Date and Time: 3: 30 pm, December 8
Host: Pelham Public Library, online only
Audience: teens/young adults
*Please note: For all events, registration is required online.
1. Who can attend Lunchtime Virtual Handwriting Den
A. Children. B. Toddlers. C. Adults. D. Teens.
2. Which library offers an event about sports books
A. Pelham Public Library. B. Muhlenberg Community Library.
C. Fort Washington Library. D. Pelham Parkway-Van Nest Library.
3. What do the four events have in common
A. They encourage personal experience. B. They take place in the afternoon.
C. They are about telling stories. D. They need online registration.
1. C 2. A 3. D
【导语】本文是应用文。介绍了四件网络在线活动。
1. 细节理解题。根据小标题Lunchtime Virtual Handwriting Den下的“Audience: adults(观众：成人)”可知，成年人可以参加Lunchtime Virtual Handwriting Den。故选C项。
2. 细节理解题。根据小标题Teen Book Discussion: Sports Books下的“Come and hear about books about your favorite sports and tell us about yours.(来听听关于你最喜欢的运动的书，并告诉我们你的)”可知，Teen Book Discussion: Sports Books活动是关于体育书籍的活动，再根据后文“Host: Pelham Public Library, online only(主办方：Pelham Public Library，仅限在线)”可知，Pelham Public Library是有关于体育书籍的活动。故选A项。
3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Please note: For all events, registration is required online.(请注意：所有活动都需要在线注册)”可知，这四个活动的共同之处是都需要在线注册。故选D项。
记叙文
一
（2024·丰台区一模）
B
Two-Man Ironman
On Sept.17, 2022, Jeff and his son, Johnny, set out to begin the first of three legs of the Ironman competition,where competitors must complete a 140 miles of swimming, bicycling and running in under 17 hours. Not that long ago, Johnny could barely walk a few steps because he was born with cerebral palsy (脑瘫). But his dream of being a runner never stopped.
From the day Johnny was born, Jeff refused to let his son’s disability hold him back. Determined to show Johnny that he could pursue his dream of being an athlete, Jeff helped him engage in running. They began waking up at 4 a.m. so Jeff could run while pushing his son in a special wheelchair called a racing chair. Every morning, they drove themselves to run increasingly longer distances. Soon, they were entering 5K races, then on to Ironman competition. Jeff would act as Johnny’s arms and legs, carrying the weight of his son throughout the race.
The race began with a 2.4-mile swim. Settling Johnny into a kayak, Jeff eased himself into the water. Swimming while dragging another person was very tough. But worst of all, Jeff had to struggle with jellyfish. “I occupied my mind by counting the number of times I got stung (蛰),” he says.
After the two men completed the tough bike section in roughly nine hours, they set their sights on the final leg
of the race — a 26.2-mile marathon. They’d been competing for 10.5 hours, leaving another 6.5 hours to make their time.But at Mile 19, Johnny saw the clock ticking down and worried they wouldn’t make the cutoff. Despite the tiredness, Jeff was convinced they were going all right and then picked up the pace.
With minutes left and 200 feet to the finish line, Jeff stopped to help Johnny out of his racing chair and handed him his rolling walker. After years of painstaking work, Johnny was determined to finish his races on his own. After 16 hours, 55 minutes and 35seconds,the father and son crossed the finish line together.
As the crowd cheered on an overwhelmed Johnny, a weary Jeff kept a low profle. “My father didn’t want his finish line moment,” says Johnny, tears in eyes. “He wanted it to be mine.”
1. Why did Jeff lead Johnny to running
A. To get closer to Johnny. B. To fulfill Johnny’s dream.
C. To discover Johnny’s interest. D. To speed up Johnny’s recovery.
2. What challenged Jeff most in the swimming race
A. Lack of energy. B. Pain from injuries.
C. Mental tiredness. D. Body weight change.
3. Which of the following can best describe Johnny according to the passage
A. Strong-willed and grateful. B. Warm-hearted and sensitive.
C. Patient and generous. D. Tough and humorous.
4. What does the passage mainly tell us
A. Actions speak louder than words. B. Fathers are not born; they are made.
C. The value of a loving father has no price. D. Success comes from failures along the journey.
【答案】1. B 2. B 3. A 4. C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了父亲杰夫为了实现患脑瘫的儿子约翰尼成为跑步运动员的梦想，每天陪着约翰尼练习，并一起参加比赛，在通过终点线时，杰夫默默站在一边，因为他希望这一刻的荣誉只属于儿子约翰尼。文章体现了以为父亲无私的爱。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段中“But his dream of being a runner never stopped.(但他成为一名跑步运动员的梦想从未停止过)”和第二段中“Determined to show Johnny that he could pursue his dream of being an athlete, Jeff helped him engage in running. They began waking up at 4 a.m. so Jeff could run while pushing his son in a special wheelchair called a racing chair. Every morning, they drove themselves to run increasingly longer distances.(为了让约翰尼知道他可以追求成为运动员的梦想，杰夫帮助他参加跑步。他们开始在凌晨4点起床，这样杰夫
就可以一边跑步，一边推着他坐在一种叫做比赛椅的特殊轮椅上的儿子。每天早上，他们迫使自己跑得越来越快)”可知，杰夫领着约翰尼跑步是为了实现约翰尼成为跑步运动员的梦想。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中“But worst of all, Jeff had to struggle with jellyfish. “I occupied my mind by counting the number of times I got stung (蛰),” he says.(但最糟糕的是，杰夫不得不与水母搏斗。他说：“我满脑子都是被蜇的次数。”)”可知，在游泳比赛中，被水母蜇的疼痛对杰夫来说最具挑战性。故选B。
3.推理判断题。根据第二段中“They began waking up at 4 a.m. so Jeff could run while pushing his son in a special wheelchair called a racing chair.(他们开始在凌晨4点起床，这样杰夫就可以一边跑步，一边推着他坐在一种叫做比赛椅的特殊轮椅上的儿子)”，倒数第三段中“After the two men completed the tough bike section in roughly nine hours, they set their sights on the final leg of the race — a 26.2-mile marathon. They’d been competing for 10.5 hours, leaving another 6.5 hours to make their time.(在两个人用了大约9个小时完成了艰难的自行车赛段后，他们把目光投向了比赛的最后一段——26.2英里的马拉松赛。他们已经比赛了10.5个小时，还剩下6.5个小时的时间)”以及倒数第二段中“After 16 hours, 55 minutes and 35seconds,the father and son crossed the finish line together.(16小时55分35秒后，父子俩一起冲过了终点线)”可知，约翰尼每天坚持训练，并参加完比赛的全程，因此他是意志坚定的；根据最后一段中“ “My father didn’t want his finish line moment,” says Johnny, tears in eyes. “He wanted it to be mine.”(“我父亲不想要他的终点线时刻，”约翰尼说，眼里含着泪水。“他希望它是我的。”)”可知，约翰尼看到父亲的行为感动到落泪，因此推知他对父亲的付出是感激的。综上，故选A。
4.主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第二段中“Determined to show Johnny that he could pursue his dream of being an athlete, Jeff helped him engage in running. They began waking up at 4 a.m. so Jeff could run while pushing his son in a special wheelchair called a racing chair. Every morning, they drove themselves to run increasingly longer distances.(为了让约翰尼知道他可以追求成为运动员的梦想，杰夫帮助他参加跑步。他们开始在凌晨4点起床，这样杰夫就可以一边跑步，一边推着他坐在一种叫做比赛椅的特殊轮椅上的儿子。每天早上，他们迫使自己跑得越来越快)”和最后一段“As the crowd cheered on an overwhelmed Johnny, a weary Jeff kept a low profle. “My father didn’t want his finish line moment,” says Johnny, tears in eyes. “He wanted it to be mine.”(当人群为开心的约翰尼欢呼时，疲惫的杰夫却保持着低调。“我父亲不想要他的终点线时刻，”约翰尼说，眼里含着泪水。“他希望它是我的。”)”可知，文章主要讲述了父亲杰夫为了实现患脑瘫的儿子约翰尼成为跑步运动员的梦想，每天陪着约翰尼练习，并一起参加比赛，在通过终点线时，杰夫默默站在一边，因为他希望这一刻的荣誉只属于儿子约翰尼。文章体现了以为父亲无私的爱。C项“The value of a loving father has no price.(慈爱的父亲的价值是无价的)”可以概括本文主要内容。故选C。
二
（2024·门头沟一模）
B
“Your mother needs a new heart,” my father told me when I called on that December afternoon. An unrelenting optimist, he spoke as if she merely needed to have a part replaced. But, although my two sisters and I knew that our mother had heart problems, this news still made us frozen for a while with our eyes widening in disbelief.
Dr. Marc Semigran of the transplant team reviewed my mother’s medical history. She’d had an irregular and rapid heartbeat for most of her life. Her present treatment — the use of a series of cardioversions, or electric jolts, to restore a normal heartbeat — would not work in the long-term. She had an enlarged and weakened heart, as well as a faulty valve.
“With medication,” Dr. Semigran said, “you have a 60 percent chance of living six months. You could have a longer life with a transplant, but there are risks. You’re at the top end of the age group of sixty years old. The lungs and other organs must be healthy and strong. While the transplant surgery is actually a straightforward procedure, acceptance by the body is the difficult thing.”
My family came together, trying to provide strength and work out what to do. We’d already gone from shock, over our mother’s condition, to worry that she wouldn’t be a suitable recipient. Despite of the risk, we chose to believe that she would make it eventually.
Word came later in December that she had been accepted into the programme. Dr. Jeremy Ruskin told us one of the reasons she had been accepted was that she had such strong family support.
One Monday in May, at about 8 p. m., my mother received a phone call from the hospital that a heart was available. As she was about to be wheeled off, my father took her face in his hands and looked into her eyes. His look said everything about their 42-year relationship.
The heart transplant operation was successful and the conditions could not have been better.
The irony of the transplant process is that one family’s loss is another’s gain; that tragedy begets fortune. It is a kind of life after death, our hearts beating beyond us. We developed a feeling of love for this new part, of gratitude for the doctors, for the process, and for those people who made a decision just for humanity.
1. How did the sisters feel to the news that their mother needed a new heart
A. Frightened. B. Astonished. C. Worried. D. Annoyed.
2. Which is the factor to affect the possibility of their mother’s heart transplant
A. Her abnormal heart beat.
B. The age of over sixty years old.
C. Her willingness to the transplant.
D. The adaptation of the new heart in the body.
3. What made the transplant team decide to have the operation
A. That her lungs were healthy.
B. That a new heart had been found.
C. That her family were expecting the operation.
D. That her family trusted the doctors' medical level.
4. What can we learn from the passage
A. Family support is of great importance.
B. Fortune favors those who are optimistic.
C. Confidence helps patients overcome difficulties.
D. Getting prepared before accepting a treatment matters.
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，作者母亲常年心脏不好，现在需要进行心脏移植，家人虽担心母亲是否能心脏移植成功，但大家相信她最终会成功，最终心脏移植手术很成功，作者感谢献出心脏的家庭。
1.细节理解题。由第一段中“But, although my two sisters and I knew that our mother had heart problems, this news still made us frozen for a while with our eyes widening in disbelief. (但是，尽管我和我的两个姐妹都知道我们的母亲有心脏问题，但这个消息还是让我们停住不动了一段时间，难以置信地睁大了眼睛)”可知，听到母亲需要一颗新的心脏的消息，作者和姐妹感到惊讶。故选B项。
2.细节理解题。由第三段中“You could have a longer life with a transplant, but there are risks. You’re at the top end of the age group of sixty years old. The lungs and other organs must be healthy and strong. While the transplant surgery is actually a straightforward procedure, acceptance by the body is the difficult thing. (你可以通过移植活得更长，但也有风险。你处于60岁年龄组的顶端。肺部和其他器官必须健康强壮。虽然移植手术实际上是一个简单的过程，但被身体接受是一件困难的事情)”可知，心脏移植有风险，因为移植后新的心脏被身体接受是一件困难的事情，说明新的心脏在身体中的适应是影响母亲心脏移植可能性的因素。故选D项。
3.细节理解题。由第五段“Word came later in December that she had been accepted into the programme. Dr. Jeremy
Ruskin told us one of the reasons she had been accepted was that she had such strong family support. (12月晚些时候，有消息称她已被心脏移植项目录取。Jeremy Ruskin博士告诉我们，她被录取的原因之一是她有如此强大的家庭支持)”可知，全家人支持母亲进行心脏移植（即家人正期待着心脏移植手术）是让移植团队决定给母亲进行手术的原因。故选C项。
4.推理判断题。由第三段中“You could have a longer life with a transplant, but there are risks. (你可以通过移植活得更长，但也有风险)”，第四段“My family came together, trying to provide strength and work out what to do. We’d already gone from shock, over our mother’s condition, to worry that she wouldn’t be a suitable recipient. Despite of the risk, we chose to believe that she would make it eventually. (我的家人聚在一起，努力提供力量，想办法做什么。我们已经对母亲的病情感到震惊，担心她不会是一个合适的接受者。尽管有风险，我们还是选择相信她最终会成功)”，第五段“Word came later in December that she had been accepted into the programme. Dr. Jeremy Ruskin told us one of the reasons she had been accepted was that she had such strong family support. (12月晚些时候，有消息称她已被心脏移植项目录取。Jeremy Ruskin博士告诉我们，她被录取的原因之一是她有如此强大的家庭支持)”和倒数第二段“The heart transplant operation was successful and the conditions could not have been better. (心脏移植手术很成功，而且情况再好不过了)”可知，尽管母亲进行心脏移植有风险，但全家人支持母亲进行心脏移植，也正是因为家人的支持母亲才被心脏移植项目录取，最终手术成功，可得出家庭支持非常重要。故选A项。
三
（2024·西城区一模）
B
As this year draws to a close, I still remember the fear I felt on a bright Saturday morning in late September, at a five-kilometer race in Clarkston, Georgia, as I waited for my 11-year-old son at the finish line.
I knew he could run a 5k in about 30 minutes. When I didn't see him at the 35-minute mark, I began to wonder what had gone wrong. Had he gotten lost Was he hit by a car About an hour earlier, when we drove into town, my son noticed an insect on my car. It was bright green, no longer than a fingernail. And it was friendly. This little green thing hopped onto my son's finger, where it stayed for a long, long time. It stayed so long that we eventually gave it a name: Little Friend.
A few minutes before the race, Little Friend jumped off my son’s hand and landed on the sidewalk. But pedestrian traffic was heavy and unpredictable. Little Friend was in danger. So my son knelt and reached out his hand. Little Friend came back.
The race was about to start, and the tiny green insect was in for a wild ride. My son would run fast, and the race would be long, and his arms would swing, and Little Friend would eventually be shaken off.
“You will lose Little Friend,” I told him.
My son nodded, treating the moment with appropriate seriousness.
The race began, and I lost sight of him.
The excitement at the finish line gave way to anxiety when my son did not show up.
I kept asking people if they'd seen him. No one had. And beyond the 40-minute mark, I was in a panic.
But there he was, thank goodness, just ahead of the 45-minute mark.
And there was Little Friend, riding on the upper crook of his right thumb like a very small captain on a very tall ship.
My predictions had been wrong. My son had not run fast, and he had not lost Little Friend. And these two facts seemed somehow related. He blamed a cold he was getting over. I suspected it was more than that, but I didn’t question him too much about it.
We walked back to the car, smiling, and found some bushes in the parking lot that seemed like a good place for my son to drop off Little Friend.
“Be free,” my son said, and gently put it in the bushes.
My son knew the truth. Sometimes life gives you something beautiful, a fragile, short-lived treasure in your hand. There is no need to rush ahead. Treat it gently. Enjoy each moment. Hold on while you can.
One day my son will leave too, running off on his own adventure.
1. How did the writer probably feel when he finally saw his son appear in sight
A. Relieved. B. Depressed. C. Satisfied. D. Disappointed.
2. The son failed to run as fast as his father had expected probably because ________.
A. he was lost B. he was recovering from a cold
C. he was afraid to lose the tiny insect D. he was slowed down by the heavy traffic
3. As for the way his son treated Little Friend, the writer is ________.
A. indifferent B. anxious C. appreciative D. doubtful
4. What will the writer most probably do after the race
A. Treasure every moment he has with his son.
B. Encourage his son to take more adventures.
C. Tell his son to take races seriously.
D. Get more insects for his son.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. C 4. A
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者的儿子为了一个捡到的小虫子“小朋友”放弃跑步比赛，并最终放“小朋友”自由，这让作者意识到有时候，生活给你一些美丽的东西，是你手中脆弱的、短暂的财富。没有必要匆匆忙忙。温柔地对待它，享受每一刻。
1.推理判断题。根据文章第十段“But there he was, thank goodness, just ahead of the 45-minute mark.(但谢天谢地，他就在45分钟前出现了)”可推知，当作者终于看到他的儿子出现在他的视线里时，他可能感到如释重负。故选A。
2.推理判断题。根据文章第四段“My son would run fast, and the race would be long, and his arms would swing, and Little Friend would eventually be shaken off.(我的儿子会跑得很快，比赛会很长，他的手臂会摆动，小朋友最终会被甩掉了)”第五段““You will lose Little Friend,” I told him.( “你会失去小朋友的，”我告诉他)”、文章第六段“My son nodded, treating the moment with appropriate seriousness.(我儿子点了点头，以适当的严肃态度对待这个时刻)”以及文章第十二段“My son had not run fast, and he had not lost Little Friend. And these two facts seemed somehow related. He blamed a cold he was getting over. I suspected it was more than that, but I didn’t question him too much about it.(我的儿子没有跑得快，他也没有失去小朋友。这两个事实似乎有某种联系。他把这归咎于他正在康复的感冒。我怀疑不止如此，但我没有问他太多)”可推知，儿子没有像父亲期望的那样跑得快，可能是因为他害怕失去那只小虫子。故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据文章倒数第四段“We walked back to the car, smiling, and found some bushes in the parking lot that seemed like a good place for my son to drop off Little Friend.(我们微笑着走回车上，在停车场发现了一些灌木丛，我儿子把小朋友送到那里似乎是个好地方)”、文章倒数第三段““Be free,” my son said, and gently put it in the bushes.(“自由吧，”儿子说着，轻轻地把它放在灌木丛里)”以及文章倒数第二段“My son knew the truth. Sometimes life gives you something beautiful, a fragile, short-lived treasure in your hand. There is no need to rush ahead. Treat it gently. Enjoy each moment.(我儿子知道真相。有时候，生活给你一些美丽的东西，是你手中脆弱的、短暂的财富。没有必要匆匆忙忙。温柔地对待它。享受每一刻)”可推知，作者对儿子对待小朋友的方式感到欣赏。故选C。
4.推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“My son knew the truth. Sometimes life gives you something beautiful, a fragile, short-lived treasure in your hand. There is no need to rush ahead. Treat it gently. Enjoy each moment. Hold on while you can.(我儿子知道真相。有时候，生活给你一些美丽的东西，是你手中脆弱的、短暂的财富。没
有必要匆匆忙忙。温柔地对待它。享受每一刻。趁你还能撑下去)”和文章最后一段“One day my son will leave too, running off on his own adventure.(总有一天，我的儿子也会离开，开始他自己的冒险)”可推知，作者在比赛之后可能会珍惜和儿子在一起的每一刻。故选A。
四
Soaring to 29, 035 feet, the famous Mount Everest had long been considered unclimbable due to the freezing weather, the obvious potential fall from cliffs and the effects of the extreme high altitude, often called “mountain sickness.” But that was to be changed by Edmund Hillary.
When he was invited to join the British Everest expedition in 1953, Edmund Hillary was a highly capable climber. The glacier-covered peaks in his hometown in New Zealand proved a perfect training ground for the Himalaya. It was his fourth Himalayan expedition in just over two years and he was at the peak of fitness.
On May 28, 1953, Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay, an experienced Sherpa (夏尔巴人) set out and reached the South Summit by 9 a. m. next day. But after that, the ridge (山脊) slightly fell before rising suddenly in a rocky spur (尖坡) about 17 meters high just before the true summit. The formation is difficult to climb due to its extreme pitch because a mistake would be deadly. Scratching at the snow with his ax, Hillary managed to overcome this enormous obstacle, later to be known as the Hillary Step.
At 11:30 a. m, the two men found themselves standing at the top of the world. “Not until we were about 50 feet of the top was I ever completely convinced that we were actually going to reach the summit.” Hillary later recounted, “Of course I was very, very pleased to be on the summit, but my first thought was a little bit of surprise. After all, this is the ambition of all mountaineers.”
Emerging as the first to summit Mount Everest, Hillary Hillary continued by helping explore Antarctica, and establishing the Himalayan Trust (信托基金), through which he provided a number of beneficial services to the Himalayan peoples. He also a sizeable legacy that mountain climbers have chased ever since. As a young climber said, “It was not just Hillary and Tenzing that reached the summit of Mount Everest. It was all of humanity. Suddenly, all of us could go.”
1. What made Edmund Hillary a capable climber on the 1953 expedition
A. His undisputed reputation. B. His remarkable physical condition.
C. His previous training on Mount Everest. D. His exceptional ability to adapt to the cold.
2. What does the Hillary Step refer to
A. A mistake Hillary avoided making. B. A steep spur of rock Hillary conquered.
C. An ax Hillary used to scratch snow. D. A sudden fall of a ridge Hillary skipped.
3. What was Hillary’s initial feeling upon reaching the summit of Mount Everest
A. Overwhelming joy. B. Enormous pride.
C. Complete disbelief. D. A touch of astonishment.
4. What was the impact of Hillary’s achievement on mountaineering
A. It opens up possibilities for other climbers.
B. It enabled him to give back to his hometown.
C. It left financial benefits for climbers to pursue.
D. It led to friendly regulations for mountaineering.
【答案】1. B 2. B 3. D 4. A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了登山者Edmund Hillary攀登珠峰的尝试以及他对后人的影响。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“It was his fourth Himalayan expedition in just over two years and he was at the peak of fitness.(这是他在两年多的时间里第四次去喜马拉雅探险，他正处于健康的巅峰)”可知，是卓越的身体状况让埃德蒙 希拉里在1953年的探险中成为一名有能力的登山者。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“But after that, the ridge slightly fell before rising suddenly in a rocky spur about 17 meters high just before the true summit. The formation is difficult to climb due to its extreme pitch because a mistake would be deadly. Scratching at the snow with his ax, Hillary managed to overcome this enormous obstacle, later to be known as the Hillary Step.(但在那之后，山脊略有下降，然后在真正的顶峰前突然上升，形成一个约17米高的岩石尖坡。由于坡度太大，这个阵型很难攀爬，因为一个错误将是致命的。希拉里用斧头刨雪，克服了这个巨大的障碍，后来被称为“希拉里台阶”)”可知，“希拉里台阶”指的是希拉里征服了一处陡峭的岩尖。故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Of course I was very, very pleased to be on the summit, but my first thought was a little bit of surprise.(当然，我非常非常高兴能登上顶峰，但我的第一个想法是有点惊讶)”可知，希拉里登上珠穆朗玛峰的第一感觉有点惊讶。故选D。
4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“He also a sizeable legacy that mountain climbers have chased ever since. As a young climber said, “It was not just Hillary and Tenzing that reached the summit of Mount Everest. It was all of humanity. Suddenly, all of us could go.”(他还留下了一笔可观的遗产，从那以后，登山者们一直在追逐他。正如一位年轻的登山者所说，“登上珠穆朗玛峰顶峰的不只是希拉里和丹增。这是全人类。突然间，我们所有人都可以去了。”)”可知，希拉里的成就为其他登山者提供了可能性。故选A。
五
If you ask 100 people what subjects they wish they had been taught in school, there is a chance that the vast majority of them will complain about the lack of personal finance education. In my case, I did learn a bit about financing while in school — just not in the classroom. One of my earliest lessons on the basics of budgeting came from an unlikely source: the cafeteria.
My lunch budget was a set amount each week. Without a plan, it would be all too easy to blow through the budget long before meeting all expenses. Therefore, my very first budgeting lesson was to make a budget well. A bit of simple arithmetic (算术) helped me determine exactly how much money I could spend each day if I wanted to actually have lunch all week.
Besides, my school had relatively diverse lunch offerings. You could not only get the common hot school lunch but also find many other foods of varying attractions. As far as I was concerned, what attracted me most was the ice cream. Unfortunately, I couldn’t blow my daily lunch budget on ice cream. And I’d already figured out that splurging early in the week made for a rough time for the rest of the week. Hence, I learned my second important budgeting lesson: save for a goal. Because of this lesson, when Friday rolled around, I would have just enough left over for a wonderful lunch and the highly desirable ice cream.
Nowadays, my budget is a bit more complicated than the lunch budget in the past. Although I no longer have to save my pennies for a frozen treat, budgeting my money today uses the exact same skills I learned all those years ago. Actually, whether you’re budgeting for school lunches or credit card bills, the basics remain the same. And it’s never too early — or too late — to learn how to make a proper budget.
1. What can we learn about the author while she was in school
A. She showed no interest in financial affairs.
B. She often complained about her school subjects.
C. She learned about financing from her own experience.
D. She eagerly expected to get personal finance education.
2. What did the author probably realize after eating at the cafeteria
A. She should plan her lunch budget carefully.
B. Her health mattered more than anything else.
C. Her budget for lunch was far from reasonable.
D. She should improve her arithmetic as much as possible.
3. What does the underlined word “splurging” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Trying to save money. B. Making a plan for money.
C. Spending much money freely. D. Being concerned about money.
4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A. To introduce some lessons about making a budget.
B. To encourage people to learn some budgeting skills.
C. To stress the significance of saving money in our life.
D. To remind people to pay attention to their lunch budget.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. C 4. B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过作者上学时在自助餐厅就餐的经历鼓励人们学习一些做预算的技巧。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段的“In my case, I did learn a bit about financing while in school — just not in the classroom. One of my earliest lessons on the basics of budgeting came from an unlikely source: the cafeteria. (就我而言，我确实在学校里学到了一些理财知识，只是不是在课堂上。我最早的预算基础课程之一来自一个不太可能的地方：自助餐厅) ”可知，作者在学校的时候从自己的经历中学到了理财知识。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Therefore, my very first budgeting lesson was to make a budget well. (因此，我的第一堂预算课就是做好预算) ”可知，在自助餐厅吃饭后，作者意识到应该仔细计划午餐预算。故选A。
3. 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“ Unfortunately, I couldn’t blow my daily lunch budget on ice cream.(不幸的是，我不能把每天的午餐预算都花在冰淇淋上)”及下文“Hence, I learned my second important budgeting lesson: save for a goal.(因此，我学到了第二个重要的预算知识：为目标存钱)”可知，划线词所在句子表达的应该是“我已经发现，在一周的早些时候随便花费预算会让这一周剩下的时间过得很艰难。”由此可知，划线词意为“自由花费金钱”。故选C。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Actually, whether you’re budgeting for school lunches or credit card bills, the basics remain the same. And it’s never too early — or too late — to learn how to make a proper budget.(实际上，无论你是为学校午餐做预算还是为信用卡账单做预算，基本原理都是一样的。学习如何做一个合理的预算永远不会太早或太晚)”可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励人们学习一些预算技巧。故选B。
六
In recent fast paced life, the demands and pressures of work left me feeling mentally and physically stressed. I decided to disconnect from my job for a while for a mental break. As a nature lover, without any delay, I came to Borneo, the world’s third largest island.
Upon arrival, a local offered to be my guide, which was a great bonus for me. He led me through the jungle and I was immersed in the exploration. One day, the guide turned off the smooth road and took me across a rough hillside instead. We picked our way gingerly when suddenly, a Rafflesia (大王花) appeared into my view among those stones. More than delighted, I bent down and put my nose practically to feel the flower’s special flavour.
As I was approaching the end of my trip, there was another thing highlighting my trip. We happened to encounter the king of the crocodile (鳄鱼), a saltwater crocodile, which can grow to a length of 6 meters. It was getting dark. When we shone a flashlight towards the muddy shore, little sounds emerged in the darkness as if something unseen underwater had broken the mud. Taking a second look, we spotted two greedy eyes just above the water line. Cautiously, we approached it and finally could figure out it was a baby crocodile. Though alarmed, I could proudly talk big that I had encountered a hungry crocodile in the wild and lived to back.
Though I have settled back into the routine of everyday life now, the experience stays long after the physical journey ended. I have learned to face life’s challenges with a renewed outlook. Despite the rat race of daily existence, try to spare time to spot the breathtaking beauty of nature and the heartfelt connections with others. The world out there is so fascinating.
1. Why did the author go to Borneo
A. To connect better with his work.
B. To relieve himself of the pressures.
C. To keep an appointment with a local guide.
D. To reward himself for his promotion in job.
2. What does the underlined word “gingerly” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Patiently. B. Roughly. C. Cautiously. D. Rapidly.
3. What is the tone of the author when recalling the saltwater crocodile he met
A. Critical. B. Instructive. C. Regretful. D. Humorous.
4. What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph
A. Keep a balance between life and work.
B. Battle with challenges from life and work.
C. Research your destinations ahead of time.
D. Learn more about travel safety knowledge.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A
【导语】本文是记叙文。为了缓解工作上的压力，作者来到了加里曼丹岛旅行，并从旅行中得到感悟。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“In recent fast paced life, the demands and pressures of work left me feeling mentally and physically stressed. I decided to disconnect from my job for a while for a mental break. As a nature lover, without any delay, I came to Borneo, the world’s third largest island. (在最近快节奏的生活中，工作的要求和压力让我感到身心压力。我决定暂时中断工作，暂时休息一下。作为一名自然爱好者，我毫不拖延地来到了世界第三大岛婆罗洲。)”可知，工作的压力让我感到身心俱疲，于是，作者决定放下工作，好好休息一下，所以作者来到了婆罗洲。故选B。
2. 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“One day, the guide turned off the smooth road and took me across a rough hillside instead. (一天，导游离开了平坦的道路，带我穿过了一个崎岖的山坡。)”可知，这个导游没有走平坦的小路，而是带作者横穿崎岖的山坡。于是，作者小心翼翼地走着。根据语境可知，gingerly意为“谨慎地”。故选C。
3. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Though alarmed, I could proudly talk big that I had encountered a hungry crocodile in the wild and lived to back. (虽然很惊慌，但我可以骄傲地大张旗鼓地说，我在野外遇到了一只饥饿的鳄鱼，并活了下来。)”可知，作者可以骄傲地吹牛说自己在野外遇到过饥饿的鳄鱼，而且还活了下来。这是一种诙谐的语气。故选D。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Despite the rat race of daily existence, try to spare time to spot the breathtaking beauty of nature and the heartfelt connections with others. (抛开日常生活的激烈竞争，试着抽出时间去欣赏令人惊叹的大自然之美，与他人建立真诚的联系。) ”可知，人们尽管每天都要忙于奔波，但还是要尽量抽出时间来发现大自然的美，在生活和工作之间保持平衡。故选A。押北京卷第21-27题
阅读理解A、B篇
【三年考情回顾】
A篇
时间 卷次 主题语境 文体 题型分类
2023年 北京卷 人与社会：成为国际奥委会青年领袖项目要求 应用文 3个细节理解题。
2022年 北京卷 人与自我：同伴辅助学习课程(PASS) 应用文 3个细节理解题。
2021年 北京卷 人与社会：联合国教科文组织的实习项目 应用文 3个细节理解题。
应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人简介、商品说明与介绍、新闻报道等，形式多样，题材各异(如图示、表格等)，措辞简洁明了，直截了当。具体答题技巧如下：
1. 材料特点
综观近几年的高考英语阅读理解题，其中应用类阅读题内容主要涉及的是与人们生活息息相关的信息，如产品宣传、服务介绍、招生招聘等。
2. 形式特点
做广告的主要目的就是要让受众了解并记住广告的内容，并为广告上所刊登的内容(产品或服务等)买单。为了达到这一目的，人们在设计广告时往往会做到：标题醒目，重点突出，条理清楚。
3. 用词特点
广告类阅读材料的用词有＂三多＂特点：一是人名、地名、专有名词多；二是生词多；三是缩略词、省略句多。
4. 命题特点
广告类阅读是近几年高考英语阅读理解最常考的题材，在阅读理解的选材中占有很大的比重。命题者的目的是要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，所以命题的题型多是以获取信息为主的细节理解题。
B篇
时间 卷次 主题语境 文体 题型分类
2023年 北京卷 人与自我：作者职业成功的经历 记叙文 1个细节理解题
3个推理判断题
2022年 北京卷 人与社会：参加保护自然活动治愈好了焦虑 记叙文 3个细节理解题 1个推理判断题
2021年 北京卷 人与自我：第一印象不总是可信 记叙文 3个细节理解题 1个推理判断题
1、记叙文基本特点
从历年高考统计数据来看，记叙文内容主要归纳为三个类型：一、人物传记 二、人物故事三、新闻报道
2、“人物传记”类记叙文解题策略
人物传记是高中记叙文考试中常遇到的体裁形式。针对人物传记，学生应该重视文中人物学习以及工作情况的描写，并且理顺人物出生到死亡的顺序。针对人物不同年龄阶段做过的事情、说过的话进行理解。主要是针对人物描写时间顺序、生活背景、实践经历、名人名言几个要素进行认知。
3、“人物故事”类记叙文解题策略
要有效地解决英语记叙文阅读中的问题，就必须要理清事件发展的顺序以及人物之间的关系。把握记叙文的题材，理清作者想要表达的主要意图。有重点地把握人物特征，了解整个事情的来龙去脉，正确地认识文章的结构以及文章题材倾向。针对叙事为主的记叙文，学生应该注意：
A.记叙的要素（who、when、where、what、why、how）
B. 叙述的人称（第一人称/第三人称）
C.记叙的顺序或方法（顺叙、倒叙和插叙）
D.叙述的线索 （以时间为线索；以地点为线索；以事件发展的过程为线索；以事物的象征意义为线索；以人物的思想行为及认知的过程为线索）
四、“新闻报道”类记叙文解题策略
新闻报道类阅读理解首先注意新闻“倒金字塔”结构特点，重视“首段”和“段首”，因为这样可以抓住文章的主旨句，有利于把握文章大意和作者写作意图。
同时，还应学会运用括号法分析长难句，把影响考生理解的各种从句、非谓语动词短语以及复杂介词短语括起来，从而达到“去枝叶，留主干”的目的，进而准确理解句子含义。
应用文 (2023北京，A)
The International Olympic Committee(IOC)Young Leaders programme empowers talents to make a positive difference in their communities through sport. Twenty-five Young Leaders are being selected every two years for a four-year period. They promote the Olympic values, spreading the message of sport for good.
To be an IOC Young Leader, you need to first complete the 4-Week Learning Sprint (冲刺).
4-Week Learning Sprint
The 4-Week Learning Sprint, which will take place during November 2023, is a virtual learning programme. The sessions can be attended live or watched back after they are made available on the IOC channel. Each week, participants will be asked to complete a topic﹣specific reflection task.
The 4-Week Learning Sprint is open to anyone, with the target audience aged between 20 and 28.
After successfully completing the 4-Week Learning Sprint, you will need to submit a plan for a sport﹣based project, which you will work on if selected as an IOC Young Leader.
Requirements for the Applicants
You have successfully completed the 4-Week Learning Sprint.
You have completed your high school studies.
You have at least one year of work experience.
You have strong public speaking skills.
You are self-motivated and committed.
You are passionate about creating positive change in your community.
You are open to being coached and advised by experts and peers (同伴).
You are able to work with people from different backgrounds.
1. In the 4-Week Learning Sprint, participants will ________.
A. create change in their community B. attend a virtual learning programme
C. meet people from different backgrounds D. promote the IOC Young Leaders project
2. If selected as an IOC Young Leader, one will need to ________.
A. complete a reflection task each week B. watch sports on the IOC channel
C. work on a sport-based project D. coach and advise their peers
3. Which is a requirement for the applicants
A. Spreading the message of sport for good. B. Having at least one-year work experience.
C. Showing great passion for project planning. D. Committing themselves to becoming an expert.
记叙文(2023北京，B)
Sitting in the garden for my friend's birthday, I felt a buzz(振动) in my pocket. My heart raced when I saw the email sender's name. The email started off:“Dear Mr Green, thank you for your interest” and “the review process took longer than expected.” It ended with “We are sorry to inform you...” and my vision blurred(模糊). The position—measuring soil quality in the Sahara Desert as part of an undergraduate research programme—had felt like the answer I had spent years looking for. I had put so much time and emotional energy into applying, and I thought the rejection meant the end of the road for my science career.
So I was shocked when, not long after the email, Professor Mary Devon, who was running the programme, invited me to observe the work being done in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally shocked—and overjoyed—when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab. What she proposed didn't seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to, but I was going to give it my all.
I found myself working with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data from the desert remotely. That project, which I could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the desert, not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional methods didn't. In the end, I had a new scientific interest to pursue.
When I applied to graduate school, I found three programmes promising to allow me to follow my desired research direction. And I applied with the same anxious excitement as before. When I was rejected from one that had seemed like a perfect fit, it was undoubtedly difficult. But this time I had the perspective(视角) to keep it from sending me into panic. It helped that in the end I was accepted into one of the other programmes I was also excited about.
Rather than setting plans in stone, I've learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they don't sound perfect at the time, and make the most of them.
1. How did the author feel upon seeing the email sender's name
A. Anxious. B. Angry. C. Surprised. D. Settled.
2. After talking with Professor Devon, the author decided to .
A. criticise the review process B. stay longer in the Sahara Desert
C. apply to the original project again D. put his heart and soul into the lab work
3. According to the author, the project with the robotics professor was .
A. demanding B. inspiring
C. misleading D. amusing
4. What can we learn from this passage
A. An invitation is a reputation. B. An innovation is a resolution.
C. A rejection can be a redirection. D. A reflection can be a restriction.
应用文答题策略
1. 先题后文：
先读试题，了解试题考点；明确目的，快速捕捉，获取信息。
2. 原文定位：
根据题干关键词到文中定位答案范围，按照题目顺序依次而下：问题与材料相同→对号入座；问题与原文相同→同义替换、归纳事实等。
3. 淡化生词：
遇到人名、地名、专有名词等；如与答题无关，直接跳过；涉及答题，则根据语境、构词法等猜词。
4. 思维导图：
记叙文答题策略
1.顺藤摸瓜 ：记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W（what, who, when, where, why）要素。因此我们作答细节题的时候，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。
2.左顾右盼 ：在做题过程中，需要抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。
3.刨根问底 ：主旨大意题或推理判断题等不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；要在文前文后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。
4.拨云见日 ：每年的高考阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。这时，你不仅需要＂左顾右盼＂，还需要在几句话，一个段落，乃至整篇文章的字里行间中快速搜寻，看看前面、后
面都发生了些什么；反复琢磨人物、事物，或者人物与事物之间的内在联系，才可能在最后拨开团团迷雾，从四个选项中选出正确答案。
5.一锤定音：有时记叙文最后一题需要选定标题，颇有难度。既要注意文章反复出现的关键词（key words），还应注意文章的主旨或隐含意义。实在有困难的话，还可以用排除法。从历年高考统计数据来看，记叙文标题可以是以下情况：短语型；句子型；问句型等。
应用文
一
（2024·西城区一模）
A
Discovery Pass
With a NSW TrainLink Discovery Pass, you can
get unlimited booked travel to more than 365 destinations on the NSW TrainLink Regional train and coach network
choose a pass that suits your travel plans: 14 days, one month, three months or six months
choose a class of travel that suits your style: Economy or First Class (Premium).
Please note that you cannot book a child ticket online with a Discovery Pass. You will instead need to call 13 22 32 or visit a sales agent.
Before purchasing a pass, please read the relevant terms and rules. A NSW TrainLink Discovery Pass is non-refundable and it cannot be assigned to another person.
Prices
Pass type 14 days 1 month 3 months 6 months
Adult Economy $232 $275 $298 $420
Adult Premium $300 $350 $400 $550
Child Economy $121 $143 $154 $220
Child Premium $154 $176 $220 $275
How to purchase a pass and book trips
Step 1: Purchase a Discovery Pass
Choose a time limit and class of travel that suits your needs.
Step 2: Book your trips
After you purchase a Discovery Pass, you have up to one month to book your first trip. The time limit on your pass will start from the departure date of your first booked trip. All trips must be booked and taken before the expiry (到期) date indicated on the pass. You must book each trip before you travel.
Find out more about ways to book your ticket Visit our website:
https: /transportnsw.info/tickets-opal/regional-tickets-fares/ways-to-book-your-ticket
1. You can use a NSW TrainLink Discovery Pass to ______.
A. book a child ticket online B. choose a class of travel that suits you
C. choose a weekly, monthly or yearly pass D. get booked travel to unlimited destinations
2. If a mother with a child wants to buy a one-month NSW TrainLink Discovery Pass for Economy Class, she should pay .
A. $353 B. $418 C. $693 D. $876
3. What can we know about a NSW TrainLink Discovery Pass
A. A pass can be given to another person.
B. A pass can be refunded to NSW Trains.
C. The time limit on a pass starts from the day of your purchase.
D. You should book your first trip within one month after your purchase.
二
Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and throughout the year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer.
Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2)
Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail (小径), camping, or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store.
Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21)
Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center.
Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2)
From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk.
Photography Workshops (June 19 &July 10)
Enhance your photography skills — join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
6/19 — Waterfalls &Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point.
7/10 — Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
1. Which of the four programs begins the earliest
A. Photography Workshops. B. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
C. Canyon Talks at Artist Point. D. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone.
2. What is the short talk at Artist Point about
A. Works of famous artists. B. Protection of wild animals.
C. Basic photography skills. D. History of the canyon area.
3. Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop
A. Artist Point. B. Washburn Trailhead.
C. Canyon Village Store. D. Visitor Education Center.
三
Part-Time Store Associate
Location 155 Hillwood Ave Falls Church VA 22046
Duties ● Process customer purchases, perform general cleaning duties, and keep stock shelves and merchandise (货物) displays clean and neat; ● Greet and receive customers in a welcoming manner; ● Respond to customers’ questions and assist customers with their shopping process; ● Cooperate with team members and communicate clearly to the store management team; ● Check errors and other general issues; ● Follow the cash policies and procedures to minimize losses;
PhysicalDemands ● Ability to stock merchandise from store receiving to shelving; ● Ability to place products, weighing up to 45 pounds (about 20 kilograms), on shelves at various heights; ● Regularly required to sit, stand, bend, push, pull, lift, carry goods and walk about the store;
Qualifications ● Provide polite and immediate customer service; ● Operate a cash register efficiently and accurately; ● Ability to safely and properly operate equipment, including electric/manual hand jacks (千斤顶), floor scrubbers, and cardboard balers (打包机); ●Perform general cleaning duties to company standards; ● Interpret and apply company policies and procedures; ● Excellent communication skills; ● Work both independently and within a team environment; ● Ability to say organized, give attention to detail, and follow instructions in a professional and efficient manner; ● Meet any sate and local requirements for handling and selling alcoholic beverages;
Education ● High School Diploma or GED; ● Prior work experience in a retail environment preferred;
Salary ● $15～$18 per hour(more than 10 hours but fewer than 30 hours per week); ● Supplemental pay types: Bonus pay (depending on your sales but not less than $30 per week).
1. What belongs to a responsibility of a part-time store associate
A. Help customers with shopping.
B. Respond to online customer orders.
C. Deliver groceries to customers’ homes.
D. Adjust the cash policies and procedures.
2. What is essential for working as a store associate
A. Being able to drink a lot. B. Having one-year related experience.
C. Being physically strong and flexible. D. Being able to speak English fluently.
3. How much could a part-time store associate make at least within a week
A. $570. B. $480. C. $210. D. $180.
四
Online Events
Virtual Book Tasting
Need a new book for the month Then come and get a taste of a variety of new and popular books from our librarians that are in our collection! This event will take place over Google Meet. Registration begins at 9 am, October 28.
Date and Time: 3 pm, November 23
Host: Pelham Parkway-Van Nest Library, online only
Audience: teachers, teens/young adults
Lunchtime Virtual Handwriting Den
When was the last time you sent a thank-you note to a beloved one Come and put pen to paper. Write, chat, and share (not required but encouraged) in a safe, welcoming, and friendly environment.
Date and Time: 1 pm, November 30
Host: Muhlenberg Community Library, online only
Audience: adults
Family Storytime
Join the staff at Fort Washington Library for a live, online program with songs, rhymes,and favorite read-aloud books. Both the parent/caregiver and the child must be present during the entire program.
Date and Time: 10: 30 am, December 7
Host: Fort Washington Library, online only
Audience: children, infants (0-18 months old), toddlers (18-36 months old), preschoolers (3-5 years old)
Teen Book Discussion: Sports Books
Come and hear about books about your favorite sports and tell us about yours. This event will take place over Google Meet. You must register with your email address to receive the link, approximately one day before the program, to participate.
Date and Time: 3: 30 pm, December 8
Host: Pelham Public Library, online only
Audience: teens/young adults
*Please note: For all events, registration is required online.
1. Who can attend Lunchtime Virtual Handwriting Den
A. Children. B. Toddlers. C. Adults. D. Teens.
2. Which library offers an event about sports books
A. Pelham Public Library. B. Muhlenberg Community Library.
C. Fort Washington Library. D. Pelham Parkway-Van Nest Library.
3. What do the four events have in common
A. They encourage personal experience. B. They take place in the afternoon.
C. They are about telling stories. D. They need online registration.
记叙文
一
（2024·丰台区一模）
B
Two-Man Ironman
On Sept.17, 2022, Jeff and his son, Johnny, set out to begin the first of three legs of the Ironman competition,where competitors must complete a 140 miles of swimming, bicycling and running in under 17 hours. Not that long ago, Johnny could barely walk a few steps because he was born with cerebral palsy (脑瘫). But his dream of being a runner never stopped.
From the day Johnny was born, Jeff refused to let his son’s disability hold him back. Determined to show Johnny that he could pursue his dream of being an athlete, Jeff helped him engage in running. They began waking
up at 4 a.m. so Jeff could run while pushing his son in a special wheelchair called a racing chair. Every morning, they drove themselves to run increasingly longer distances. Soon, they were entering 5K races, then on to Ironman competition. Jeff would act as Johnny’s arms and legs, carrying the weight of his son throughout the race.
The race began with a 2.4-mile swim. Settling Johnny into a kayak, Jeff eased himself into the water. Swimming while dragging another person was very tough. But worst of all, Jeff had to struggle with jellyfish. “I occupied my mind by counting the number of times I got stung (蛰),” he says.
After the two men completed the tough bike section in roughly nine hours, they set their sights on the final leg of the race — a 26.2-mile marathon. They’d been competing for 10.5 hours, leaving another 6.5 hours to make their time.But at Mile 19, Johnny saw the clock ticking down and worried they wouldn’t make the cutoff. Despite the tiredness, Jeff was convinced they were going all right and then picked up the pace.
With minutes left and 200 feet to the finish line, Jeff stopped to help Johnny out of his racing chair and handed him his rolling walker. After years of painstaking work, Johnny was determined to finish his races on his own. After 16 hours, 55 minutes and 35seconds,the father and son crossed the finish line together.
As the crowd cheered on an overwhelmed Johnny, a weary Jeff kept a low profle. “My father didn’t want his finish line moment,” says Johnny, tears in eyes. “He wanted it to be mine.”
1. Why did Jeff lead Johnny to running
A. To get closer to Johnny. B. To fulfill Johnny’s dream.
C. To discover Johnny’s interest. D. To speed up Johnny’s recovery.
2. What challenged Jeff most in the swimming race
A. Lack of energy. B. Pain from injuries.
C. Mental tiredness. D. Body weight change.
3. Which of the following can best describe Johnny according to the passage
A. Strong-willed and grateful. B. Warm-hearted and sensitive.
C. Patient and generous. D. Tough and humorous.
4. What does the passage mainly tell us
A. Actions speak louder than words. B. Fathers are not born; they are made.
C. The value of a loving father has no price. D. Success comes from failures along the journey.
二
（2024·门头沟一模）
B
“Your mother needs a new heart,” my father told me when I called on that December afternoon. An unrelenting optimist, he spoke as if she merely needed to have a part replaced. But, although my two sisters and I knew that our mother had heart problems, this news still made us frozen for a while with our eyes widening in disbelief.
Dr. Marc Semigran of the transplant team reviewed my mother’s medical history. She’d had an irregular and rapid heartbeat for most of her life. Her present treatment — the use of a series of cardioversions, or electric jolts, to restore a normal heartbeat — would not work in the long-term. She had an enlarged and weakened heart, as well as a faulty valve.
“With medication,” Dr. Semigran said, “you have a 60 percent chance of living six months. You could have a longer life with a transplant, but there are risks. You’re at the top end of the age group of sixty years old. The lungs and other organs must be healthy and strong. While the transplant surgery is actually a straightforward procedure, acceptance by the body is the difficult thing.”
My family came together, trying to provide strength and work out what to do. We’d already gone from shock, over our mother’s condition, to worry that she wouldn’t be a suitable recipient. Despite of the risk, we chose to believe that she would make it eventually.
Word came later in December that she had been accepted into the programme. Dr. Jeremy Ruskin told us one of the reasons she had been accepted was that she had such strong family support.
One Monday in May, at about 8 p. m., my mother received a phone call from the hospital that a heart was available. As she was about to be wheeled off, my father took her face in his hands and looked into her eyes. His look said everything about their 42-year relationship.
The heart transplant operation was successful and the conditions could not have been better.
The irony of the transplant process is that one family’s loss is another’s gain; that tragedy begets fortune. It is a kind of life after death, our hearts beating beyond us. We developed a feeling of love for this new part, of gratitude for the doctors, for the process, and for those people who made a decision just for humanity.
1. How did the sisters feel to the news that their mother needed a new heart
A. Frightened. B. Astonished. C. Worried. D. Annoyed.
2. Which is the factor to affect the possibility of their mother’s heart transplant
A. Her abnormal heart beat.
B. The age of over sixty years old.
C. Her willingness to the transplant.
D. The adaptation of the new heart in the body.
3. What made the transplant team decide to have the operation
A. That her lungs were healthy.
B. That a new heart had been found.
C. That her family were expecting the operation.
D. That her family trusted the doctors' medical level.
4. What can we learn from the passage
A. Family support is of great importance.
B. Fortune favors those who are optimistic.
C. Confidence helps patients overcome difficulties.
D. Getting prepared before accepting a treatment matters.
三
（2024·西城区一模）
B
As this year draws to a close, I still remember the fear I felt on a bright Saturday morning in late September, at a five-kilometer race in Clarkston, Georgia, as I waited for my 11-year-old son at the finish line.
I knew he could run a 5k in about 30 minutes. When I didn't see him at the 35-minute mark, I began to wonder what had gone wrong. Had he gotten lost Was he hit by a car About an hour earlier, when we drove into town, my son noticed an insect on my car. It was bright green, no longer than a fingernail. And it was friendly. This little green thing hopped onto my son's finger, where it stayed for a long, long time. It stayed so long that we eventually gave it a name: Little Friend.
A few minutes before the race, Little Friend jumped off my son’s hand and landed on the sidewalk. But pedestrian traffic was heavy and unpredictable. Little Friend was in danger. So my son knelt and reached out his hand. Little Friend came back.
The race was about to start, and the tiny green insect was in for a wild ride. My son would run fast, and the race would be long, and his arms would swing, and Little Friend would eventually be shaken off.
“You will lose Little Friend,” I told him.
My son nodded, treating the moment with appropriate seriousness.
The race began, and I lost sight of him.
The excitement at the finish line gave way to anxiety when my son did not show up.
I kept asking people if they'd seen him. No one had. And beyond the 40-minute mark, I was in a panic.
But there he was, thank goodness, just ahead of the 45-minute mark.
And there was Little Friend, riding on the upper crook of his right thumb like a very small captain on a very tall ship.
My predictions had been wrong. My son had not run fast, and he had not lost Little Friend. And these two facts seemed somehow related. He blamed a cold he was getting over. I suspected it was more than that, but I didn’t question him too much about it.
We walked back to the car, smiling, and found some bushes in the parking lot that seemed like a good place for my son to drop off Little Friend.
“Be free,” my son said, and gently put it in the bushes.
My son knew the truth. Sometimes life gives you something beautiful, a fragile, short-lived treasure in your hand. There is no need to rush ahead. Treat it gently. Enjoy each moment. Hold on while you can.
One day my son will leave too, running off on his own adventure.
1. How did the writer probably feel when he finally saw his son appear in sight
A. Relieved. B. Depressed. C. Satisfied. D. Disappointed.
2. The son failed to run as fast as his father had expected probably because ________.
A. he was lost B. he was recovering from a cold
C. he was afraid to lose the tiny insect D. he was slowed down by the heavy traffic
3. As for the way his son treated Little Friend, the writer is ________.
A. indifferent B. anxious C. appreciative D. doubtful
4. What will the writer most probably do after the race
A. Treasure every moment he has with his son.
B. Encourage his son to take more adventures.
C. Tell his son to take races seriously.
D. Get more insects for his son.
四
Soaring to 29, 035 feet, the famous Mount Everest had long been considered unclimbable due to the freezing weather, the obvious potential fall from cliffs and the effects of the extreme high altitude, often called “mountain sickness.” But that was to be changed by Edmund Hillary.
When he was invited to join the British Everest expedition in 1953, Edmund Hillary was a highly capable climber. The glacier-covered peaks in his hometown in New Zealand proved a perfect training ground for the Himalaya. It was his fourth Himalayan expedition in just over two years and he was at the peak of fitness.
On May 28, 1953, Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay, an experienced Sherpa (夏尔巴人) set out and reached the South Summit by 9 a. m. next day. But after that, the ridge (山脊) slightly fell before rising suddenly in a rocky spur (尖坡) about 17 meters high just before the true summit. The formation is difficult to climb due to its extreme pitch because a mistake would be deadly. Scratching at the snow with his ax, Hillary managed to overcome this enormous obstacle, later to be known as the Hillary Step.
At 11:30 a. m, the two men found themselves standing at the top of the world. “Not until we were about 50 feet of the top was I ever completely convinced that we were actually going to reach the summit.” Hillary later recounted, “Of course I was very, very pleased to be on the summit, but my first thought was a little bit of surprise. After all, this is the ambition of all mountaineers.”
Emerging as the first to summit Mount Everest, Hillary Hillary continued by helping explore Antarctica, and establishing the Himalayan Trust (信托基金), through which he provided a number of beneficial services to the Himalayan peoples. He also a sizeable legacy that mountain climbers have chased ever since. As a young climber said, “It was not just Hillary and Tenzing that reached the summit of Mount Everest. It was all of humanity. Suddenly, all of us could go.”
1. What made Edmund Hillary a capable climber on the 1953 expedition
A. His undisputed reputation. B. His remarkable physical condition.
C. His previous training on Mount Everest. D. His exceptional ability to adapt to the cold.
2. What does the Hillary Step refer to
A. A mistake Hillary avoided making. B. A steep spur of rock Hillary conquered.
C. An ax Hillary used to scratch snow. D. A sudden fall of a ridge Hillary skipped.
3. What was Hillary’s initial feeling upon reaching the summit of Mount Everest
A. Overwhelming joy. B. Enormous pride.
C. Complete disbelief. D. A touch of astonishment.
4. What was the impact of Hillary’s achievement on mountaineering
A. It opens up possibilities for other climbers.
B. It enabled him to give back to his hometown.
C. It left financial benefits for climbers to pursue.
D. It led to friendly regulations for mountaineering.
五
If you ask 100 people what subjects they wish they had been taught in school, there is a chance that the vast majority of them will complain about the lack of personal finance education. In my case, I did learn a bit about financing while in school — just not in the classroom. One of my earliest lessons on the basics of budgeting came from an unlikely source: the cafeteria.
My lunch budget was a set amount each week. Without a plan, it would be all too easy to blow through the budget long before meeting all expenses. Therefore, my very first budgeting lesson was to make a budget well. A bit of simple arithmetic (算术) helped me determine exactly how much money I could spend each day if I wanted to actually have lunch all week.
Besides, my school had relatively diverse lunch offerings. You could not only get the common hot school lunch but also find many other foods of varying attractions. As far as I was concerned, what attracted me most was the ice cream. Unfortunately, I couldn’t blow my daily lunch budget on ice cream. And I’d already figured out that splurging early in the week made for a rough time for the rest of the week. Hence, I learned my second important budgeting lesson: save for a goal. Because of this lesson, when Friday rolled around, I would have just enough left over for a wonderful lunch and the highly desirable ice cream.
Nowadays, my budget is a bit more complicated than the lunch budget in the past. Although I no longer have to save my pennies for a frozen treat, budgeting my money today uses the exact same skills I learned all those years ago. Actually, whether you’re budgeting for school lunches or credit card bills, the basics remain the same. And it’s never too early — or too late — to learn how to make a proper budget.
1. What can we learn about the author while she was in school
A. She showed no interest in financial affairs.
B. She often complained about her school subjects.
C. She learned about financing from her own experience.
D. She eagerly expected to get personal finance education.
2. What did the author probably realize after eating at the cafeteria
A. She should plan her lunch budget carefully.
B. Her health mattered more than anything else.
C. Her budget for lunch was far from reasonable.
D. She should improve her arithmetic as much as possible.
3. What does the underlined word “splurging” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Trying to save money. B. Making a plan for money.
C. Spending much money freely. D. Being concerned about money.
4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A. To introduce some lessons about making a budget.
B. To encourage people to learn some budgeting skills.
C. To stress the significance of saving money in our life.
D. To remind people to pay attention to their lunch budget.
六
In recent fast paced life, the demands and pressures of work left me feeling mentally and physically stressed. I decided to disconnect from my job for a while for a mental break. As a nature lover, without any delay, I came to Borneo, the world’s third largest island.
Upon arrival, a local offered to be my guide, which was a great bonus for me. He led me through the jungle and I was immersed in the exploration. One day, the guide turned off the smooth road and took me across a rough hillside instead. We picked our way gingerly when suddenly, a Rafflesia (大王花) appeared into my view among those stones. More than delighted, I bent down and put my nose practically to feel the flower’s special flavour.
As I was approaching the end of my trip, there was another thing highlighting my trip. We happened to encounter the king of the crocodile (鳄鱼), a saltwater crocodile, which can grow to a length of 6 meters. It was getting dark. When we shone a flashlight towards the muddy shore, little sounds emerged in the darkness as if something unseen underwater had broken the mud. Taking a second look, we spotted two greedy eyes just above the water line. Cautiously, we approached it and finally could figure out it was a baby crocodile. Though alarmed, I could proudly talk big that I had encountered a hungry crocodile in the wild and lived to back.
Though I have settled back into the routine of everyday life now, the experience stays long after the physical journey ended. I have learned to face life’s challenges with a renewed outlook. Despite the rat race of daily
existence, try to spare time to spot the breathtaking beauty of nature and the heartfelt connections with others. The world out there is so fascinating.
1. Why did the author go to Borneo
A. To connect better with his work.
B. To relieve himself of the pressures.
C. To keep an appointment with a local guide.
D. To reward himself for his promotion in job.
2. What does the underlined word “gingerly” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Patiently. B. Roughly. C. Cautiously. D. Rapidly.
3. What is the tone of the author when recalling the saltwater crocodile he met
A. Critical. B. Instructive. C. Regretful. D. Humorous.
4. What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph
A. Keep a balance between life and work.
B. Battle with challenges from life and work.
C. Research your destinations ahead of time.
D. Learn more about travel safety knowledge.
