押北京卷第11-20题
语法填空
年份 篇目 主题 内容 考点
动词 名词 形容词、副词 其他
2023年 A 人与社会 说明不同文化中“守时”的不同表现 2 0 1 0
B 人与社会 介绍了中国的红树林 2 1 0 0
C 人与社会 通过跑马拉松唤起人们对全球水问题的关注 2 0 0 2
2022年 A 人与社会 海伦以为自己被坏人追赶,最后发现那个男人只是想归还她的钱包 2 0 0 1
B 人与社会 分析了为什么人类更喜欢某些气味并介绍了这种偏好在日常生活中的运用 2 0 0 1
C 人与自然 外带食物和外卖产生大量垃圾,造成越来越严重的环境污染 1 0 1 2
2021年 A 人与自我 主要阐述了人做梦的缘由 1 1 0 1
B 人与社会 主要叙述了萨姆帮助一个老妇人回家的事情 0 0 1 2
C 人与自然 主要阐述了近二十年全球气 4 0 0 0
候变化导致了大量的自然灾害的发生
1.2021—2023年语法填空文本体裁为记叙文或说明文,在文化考查内容上,体现中外国文化，见义勇为、保护环境的故事;文本内容对考生来说既是考试,也是爱国教育和文明教育,引导考生关注中外文化、学习励志人物。
2.从考点上看,动词(时态、语态和非谓语形式)设题最多,试题较为基础——谓语动词的一般过去时、一般现在时,以及动词的非谓语形式作状语和定语为主要考点;形容词和副词设题数量次之;再次是名词;然后是连词;最后是主从复合句、冠词、介词、代词和数词。
（2023北京）
A
Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality(守时). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I 1. (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up 2. (exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France, I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest 3. (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.
B
Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When 4. (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. Mangroves can help soften waves and protect 5. (city) from coastal winds. For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China 6. (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
C
Nina has run marathons in 32 countries. All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call attention 7. global water issues. Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, 8. thousands were attending a water conference. She called for action 9. (address) the struggles of people around the world 10. (face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called “Run Blue”.
答案
[A篇解读] 作者分享了自己在瑞士和法国的经历，以此说明不同文化中“守时”的不同表现。
1. threw 考查动词的时态。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我举办了一场乔迁聚会，当所有30位客人都准时到场时，我感到非常惊讶。设空处与was greatly surprised并列，作句子的谓语。根据was可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应使用一般过去时。故填threw。
2. exactly 考查词性转换。句意参见上题解析。设空处作状语，修饰介词短语on time，应使用副词形式。故填exactly。?
3. arrived/had arrived 考查动词的时态。句意：几年后，我搬到了法国，我在约定的时间来吃晚饭，却发现没有其他客人来，女主人还穿着睡衣。that引导find后的宾语从句，设空处作宾语从句的谓语。本句上文描述的是过去发生的事情，应使用一般过去时。所以填arrived。也可以理解为find是过去发现，arrive的动作发生在“发现”以前，即“过去的过去”，应使用过去完成时。故也可填had arrived。
[B篇解读] 本文主要介绍了中国的红树林。
4. seen 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意：从远处看，红树林显得更加壮观。本句已有谓语动词appear，设空处为非谓语形式作时间状语，与其逻辑主语the mangrove forests构成被动关系，应使用过去分词形式。故填seen。
5. cities 考查名词的复数形式。句意：红树林有助于削弱海浪，保护城市免受海风（的侵袭）。city是可数名词，空前没有任何限定成分，应使用复数形式。故填cities。
6. has established 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了很多红树林保护区。设空处作句子的谓语。根据时间状语Up to now可知，应使用现在完成时。主语China是单数形式，故填has established。
[C篇解读] 本文主要讲述了Nina希望通过跑马拉松唤起人们对全球水问题的关注。
7. to 考查介词。句意：她所有的跑步都有一个指导目的：唤起人们对全球水问题的关注。attention to...是固定搭配，意为“对……的关注”，故填to。
8. where 考查定语从句。句意：Nina最近在芝加哥完成了她长达一年的一系列跑步比赛，数千人在那里参加了一次水事会议。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，指代先行词Chicago。故填关系副词where。?
9. to address 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地人们面临的关于“水太少或水太脏”的挑战。本句已有谓语called，设空处为非谓语形式作目的状语，应使用不定式。故填to address。?
10. facing 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意参见上题解析。本句已有谓语called，设空处为非谓语形式作后置定语，与被修饰词people构成主动关系，应使用现在分词形式。故填facing。?
语法填空试题分两种:有提示词和无提示词。
1.有提示词的试题考查内容包括:动词的时态、语态以及动词的非谓语形式;名词单、复数变化;形容词和副词的比较等级变化;词性转换(如名词、动词、代词、形容词和副词之间的词性转换)等。
2.无提示词的试题考查内容包括:根据上下文填入冠词、连词、代词及介词等。具体做题技巧见下图:
一
（23-24门头沟区一模）
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
When he was 7 years old, Francis Kere left his family to attend school because his village did not have one of _____11_____ (it) own. Thirteen years later, he moved to Germany. He dreamed of returning home to build the
classroom that didn’t then exist. In 2001, Kere completed his first school ____12____ (build). He then ____13____ (creative) transformed his village and other communities in Africa. In 2022, he won “Nobel Prize in architecture”, the Pritzker Prize.
【答案】11. its 12. building##buildings 13. creatively
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了弗朗西斯·凯雷的事迹和他获得了普利兹克奖的相关事宜。
11.考查形容词性物主代词。句意：Francis Kere 7岁时离开家人去上学，因为他的村庄没有自己的学校。its own (它自己)符合句意，用形容词性物主代词its。of one's own“某人自己的” 。故填its。
12.考查名词。句意：2001年，科尔完成了他的第一座校舍（艺术）。building可做可数名词，意为“建筑物”，学校建筑物数量大于一，用其复数形式；building也可做不可数名词，意为“建筑（的艺术或行业）”，此处应该指建筑艺术。故填building(s)。
13.考查副词。句意：然后，他创造性地改造了自己的村庄和非洲的其他社区。副词creatively作状语，修饰动词transformed。故填creatively。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
To develop a snack we all know and love, companies have to work out ____14____ people have an appetite for. Today, companies often ask customers to choose the flavors they fancy on apps, ____15____ (look) out for the latest taste trends. Snack trends also change over time. When supermarkets ____16____ (encourage) to remove unhealthy snacks from the cashier desk, companies are quick to provide healthier treats.
【答案】14. what 15. looking 16. are encouraged
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如今的公司竭尽全力为顾客提供合心意的零食。
14.考查宾语从句。句意：为了开发一种我们都知道和喜爱的零食，公司必须弄清楚人们对什么有兴趣。该空引导宾语从句，从句中缺宾语，意为“……的事物”，用连接代词what。故填what。
15.考查现在分词。句意：如今，公司经常要求客户在应用程序上选择他们喜欢的口味，留心最新的口味趋势。逻辑主语companies和非谓语动词短语look out for是主动关系，该空用现在分词形式作状语。故填looking。
16.考查时态语态。句意：当超市被鼓励从收银台上撤下不健康的零食时，公司会迅速提供更健康的零食。讲述现在的一种情况，且从句主语supermarkets和从句谓语动词encourage是被动关系，encourage用一般现在时的被动语态，注意主谓一致。故填are encouraged。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
____17____ February 10, the first day of the Year of the Dragon, the crowd in a public square in London burst into cheers. Sixteen dancers performed the Chaoshan Yingge dance, a traditional Chinese folk dance ____18____ (celebrate) Chinese New Year. In the Chaoshan region of Guangdong province, ____19____ the dance originated, people believe it brings good luck for new year. This performance ____20____ (attract) millions of tourists since 2023.
【答案】17. On 18. to celebrate 19. where 20. has attracted
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章从龙年第一天伦敦广场上的舞者表演展开，简要介绍了发源于广东潮汕地区的一种传统民间舞蹈——英歌舞。
17.考查介词。句意：2月10日，龙年的第一天，伦敦广场上的人群爆发出欢呼声。通常用介词on和具体的日期搭配，表示在这一天，且空处位于句首，on的首字母需大写。故填On。
18.考查非谓语动词。句意：16名舞者表演了潮汕英歌舞，这是一种庆祝中国新年的传统民间舞蹈。分析句子可知，空处作dance的后置定语，是非谓语动词，此处介绍这一舞蹈的功能或用途，应用celebrate“庆祝”的不定式形式。故填to celebrate。
19.考查定语从句。句意：在这种舞蹈的发源地广东潮汕地区，人们相信它能给新年带来好运。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词the Chaoshan region作补充说明，先行词在从句中表示行为发生的地点，作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
20.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自2023年以来，这一表演吸引了数百万游客。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，时间状语为since 2023，句子应用现在完成时，且主语This performance为单数，助动词用has。故填has attracted。
二
（23-24丰台区一模）
A
阅读短文，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese restaurants have played an important role in different ___11___ (country) worldwide, where there can be specialized versions of Chinese food. For example,General Tso’s chicken, ___12___ (name)after Tso Tsung-tang, a military leader of the Qing Dynasty, is what Americans love to eat because it is sweet, fried. Obviously, the recipe___13___ (change) a lot to suit different regional tastes, leading to variations in the cooking
method used.
【答案】11. countries 12. named 13. has changed##changes
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍世界上很多国家都有中餐馆，但为了适应当地人的口味，有些中餐的食谱发生了很大的变化。
11.考查名词的数。句意：中国餐馆在世界上不同的国家扮演着重要的角色，在那些国家可能有特别版本的中国食物。country“国家”是可数名词，被different修饰，应用其复数形式，作宾语。故填countries。
12.考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，以清朝军事领袖左宗棠的名字命名的左宗棠鸡，是美国人喜欢吃的，因为它是甜的，油炸的。分析可知，空处为名词General Tso’s chicken的后置定语，故name应用非谓语动词形式；General Tso’s chicken和name...after“以……命名”之间为被动关系，name应用过去分词。故填named。
13.考查时态。句意：显然，为了适应不同地区的口味，食谱会发生很大的变化，这就导致了烹饪方法的变化。空处为句子谓语动词；此处可看作过去的动作对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时，也可看作陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语the recipe是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数形式。故填has changed/changes。
B
阅读短文，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。
Being able to understand local jokes is often seen as a great icebreaker for a foreign language learner___14___tries to start friendships with native speakers. However,when ___15___ (study)a foreign language,a beginner always considers jokes hard to understand.Most of the time,jokes are only funny for people who share acultural background or understand humor in the same way.And there is___16___ (much) to understanding a joke in a foreign language than understanding vocabulary and grammar.
【答案】14. who 15. studying 16. more
【解析】这是一段说明文。文章提到能听懂当地的笑话，可以更好的学习当地的语言，与当地人建立联系。
14.考查定语从句。句意：对于试图与母语人士建立友谊的外语学习者来说，能够听懂当地的笑话通常被视为一个很好的破冰器。分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句，先行词language leaner（语言学习者）为人，且从句中缺少主语，因此可使用关系代词who在从句中作主语。故填who。
15.考查非谓语。句意：然而，在学习一门外语时，初学者总是认为笑话很难理解。分析句子结构可知，该句已有谓语considers（认为），空处应使用非谓语，主语a beginner（初学者）与study（学习）之间是逻辑上的主动关系，因此需使用现在分词表示主动。故填studying。
16.考查比较级。句意：理解一个笑话比理解词汇和语法要复杂得多。分析句子结构可知，空处用来强调理
解笑话的过程比单纯的词汇和语法理解要复杂，可使用much比较级more修饰。根据than，也可知答案。故填more。
C
阅读短文，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。
The dinner party is ___17___ threat, announced a recent lifestyle column in The Times. You might wonder, “How can this be Don’t we throw parties for friends on special occasions ” But ___18___ The Times worries about is another kind of disappearing. It is usually hosted in one’s home. Invitations ___19___ (send) out weeks in advance and the hosts prepare food ___20___ (careful). Yet nowadays, people prefer to eat takeout food on their sofa while juggling a mobile phone and a remote control.
【答案】17. under 18. what 19. are sent 20. carefully
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了《纽约时报》最近的一篇生活方式专栏文章宣称，晚宴正在消失并解释了晚宴消失的一些原因。
17.考查介词。句意：《纽约时报》最近的一篇生活方式专栏文章宣称，晚宴受到了威胁。under threat为固定搭配，意为“受到威胁”。故填under。
18.考查主语从句。句意：但《纽约时报》担心的是另一种消失。空处引导主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。
19.考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：邀请函会提前几周发出，主人会精心准备食物。此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，Invitations和send out为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为复数名词，be动词用are。故填are sent。
20.考查副词。句意同上。修饰动词prepare，需用副词carefully，作状语。故填carefully。
三
（23-24西城区一模）
A
语法填空
I’ll never forget my first visit to China. Mum encouraged me to try different kinds of food, and I did! I loved everything. But just when I thought I could deal with all Chinese food, I came across stinky tofu. A horrible grey thing that looked and smelt like a burnt sports shoe. “You needn’t try it ____11____ you don’t want to, ”Mum said. But I ____12____ (gather) all my courage to take a bite and was amazed to find it wasn’t so bad. It reminded me of blue cheese, a similarly strong smelling type of food you either love or hate. Maybe I ____13____ (fall) in love
with stinky tofu-someday.
【答案】11. if 12. gathered 13. will fall
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者第一次去中国吃臭豆腐的经历。
11.考查状语从句。句意：妈妈说：“如果你不想试，就不必试。”引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”应用if。故填if。
12.考查时态。句意：但我鼓起勇气吃了一口，惊讶地发现它并没有那么糟糕。根据后文“and was amazed to find it wasn’t so bad”可知发生在过去，用一般过去时。故填gathered。
13.考查时态。句意：也许有一天我会爱上臭豆腐。此处表示将来发生的动作用一般将来时。故填will fall。
B
The 5-Second Rule suggests food is OK to eat if you pick it up ____14____five seconds or less. Believe it or not, scientists have tested the rule. We’re sorry to report it’s not necessarily true. Bacteria can attach ____15____ (it) to your food instantly, regardless of how quickly it ____16____ (pick) up. Food left there for five seconds or less will probably collect less bacteria than food sitting there for a longer time, but fast may not be fast enough. Floors, even clean-looking ones, harbor bacteria. Ultimately, if in doubt, abandon the food ____17____ (avoid) potential illness.
【答案】14. in 15. itself 16. is picked 17. to avoid
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了食物掉在地上，不管在多么短的时间内把它捡起来，都会有细菌附着。
14.考查介词。句意：5秒法则认为，如果你能在5秒或更短的时间内拿起食物，你就可以吃。结合句意可知，此处表示“在5秒内”，使用介词in，故填in。
15.考查反身代词。句意：细菌可以立即附着在你的食物上，不管它被吸收的速度有多快。it和主语Bacteria是同一指代对象，应用反身代词作宾语，故填itself。
16.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。it指代food，和动词pick之间是被动关系，且句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语表示单数意义，故填is picked。
17.考查非谓语动词。句意：最后，如果有疑问，放弃食物以避免潜在的疾病。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to avoid。
C
Your hometown could affect your navigational (导航的) skills. New research indicates that individuals ____18____ (raise) in cities with structured street patterns may encounter difficulties in navigation compared to
those from rural areas with more organic layouts. This conclusion was drawn from a study ____19____ (involve) players of a mobile game about sea, ____20____ tests 3-D navigation skills. However, there’s hope for city residents: an urban version of the game showed slight improvements for them.
【答案】18. raised 19. involving 20. which
【解析】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，与那些来自有机布局的农村地区的人相比，在有结构化街道模式的城市中长大的人在导航方面可能会遇到困难。
18.考查非谓语动词。句意：一项新的研究表明，与那些来自有机布局的农村地区的人相比，在有结构化街道模式的城市中长大的人在导航方面可能会遇到困难。分析句子结构可知raise与逻辑主语individuals构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填raised。
19.考查非谓语动词。句意：这一结论来自一项研究，研究对象是一款关于海洋的手机游戏的玩家，该游戏测试的是3D导航技能。分析句子结构可知involve与逻辑主语study构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故填involving。
20.考查定语从句。句意：这一结论来自一项研究，研究对象是一款关于海洋的手机游戏的玩家，该游戏测试的是3D导航技能。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词game，在从句作主语，指物，故填which。
四
（2024·北京延庆·一模）
A
When the 48-year-old Uzbek gymnast, Oksana Chusovitina, 1 (participate) in the Asiad women’s gymnastics qualification on Monday, thousands of spectators chanted for “Qiu Ma,” 2 translates to “Mother Chusovitina”. When her son was diagnosed with leukemia in 2002, she adopted German citizenship to compete at global events for a higher income and 3 (good) medical treatment. Aften her son’s 4 (recover), Chusovitina continued her gymnastics journey out of sheer love for the sport．
1．participated 2．which 3．better 4．recovery
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了48岁的乌兹别克斯坦体操运动员奥克萨娜·丘索维金娜参加亚运会女子体操资格赛的故事，她被称为“丘妈”。她曾为给儿子治病改德国国籍，儿子康复后她继续体操生涯。
1．考查时态。句意：本周一，当48岁的乌兹别克斯坦体操运动员奥克萨娜·丘索维金娜参加亚洲女子体操资格赛时，数千名观众高呼“丘妈”，意为“丘索维金娜妈妈”。根据时间状语“on Monday”和下文的chanted可知，句子应用一般过去时。故填 participated。
2．考查定语从句。句意：本周一，当48岁的乌兹别克斯坦体操运动员奥克萨娜·丘索维金娜参加亚洲女子体操资格赛时，数千名观众高呼“丘妈”，意为“丘索维金娜妈妈”。先行词为“Qiu Ma”，指物，在非限定性定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填 which。
3．考查形容词比较级。句意：2002年，当她的儿子被诊断出患有白血病时，她加入了德国国籍，以便参加国际赛事，以获得更高的收入和更好的医疗服务。根据空格前的“higher income”可知，此处应用形容词比较级，表示“更好的医疗治疗”。故填better。
4．考查名词。句意：在儿子康复后，出于对这项运动的热爱，丘索维金娜继续了她的体操之旅。根据空格前的名词所有格“her son’s”可知，此处应用名词形式作宾语，表示“康复”。故填 recovery。
B
As a mother to three boys, I’m used to receiving my favorite soap as a gift for every occasion．It doesn’t require much effort, and my sons know that I love it．One day my son saw a magazine on my desk with Jane Goodall 5 the cover．I said, “She’s my favorite person.”The next Christmas, I was expecting my soap 6 my sons handed me an envelope．Inside was/a copy of National Geographic signed by Jane Goodall．I 7 (move) to tears.I will always cherish the magazine and thoughtfulness of my boys finding me the perfect gift．
5．on 6．when 7．was moved
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位母亲收到了儿子送给她的特别礼物——一本由简·古道尔签名的《国家地理》杂志，她非常感动并会永远珍惜这个礼物。
5．考查介词。句意：一天，我儿子看到一本我桌上的杂志，封面上是简·古道尔。on the cover 为固定搭配，意为“在封面上”。故填on。
6．考查连词。句意：第二个圣诞节，我正期待着我的肥皂，这时我的儿子递给我一个信封。此处为“be doing...when...”结构，表示“正在做某事，这时……”。故填when。
7．考查时态和语态。句意：我感动得流下了眼泪。根据上下文可知，陈述过去事情，应用一般过去时；I和move之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填was moved。
C
Shenzhou XVII crew members completed their first spacewalk on 22nd December, 2023, completing a host of tasks outside the Tiangong space station. It was the 14th spacewalk 8 (conduct) by Chinese astronauts. There are a lot of science and technology assignments for them 9 (perform) during the remaining days of their stay in orbit. Since their arrival, the astronauts 10 (examine) and maintained equipment and made
preparations for their spacewalk.
8．conducted 9．to perform 10．have examined
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲的是神舟十七号机组人员在天宫空间站外行走的情况。
8．考查过去分词。句意：这是中国宇航员进行的第14次太空行走。空处应填非谓语动词， the 14th spacewalk与conduct之间为被动关系，应用过去分词表示被动，作后置定语。故填conducted。
9．考查不定式。句意：在他们停留在轨道上的剩余日子里，他们要完成许多科学和技术任务。由句意及空后的during the remaining days of their stay in orbit可知此处表示将来的动作且them与perform之间为主动关系，应用不定式的主动形式to perform。故填to perform。
10．考查动词时态。句意：自抵达以来，宇航员已经检查和维护了设备，并为太空行走做准备。空处应填谓语动词，由句意及时间状语Since their arrival可知应用现在完成时，并且根据maintained equipment and made preparations可知并列谓语，所以不能用现在完成进行时，表示自从抵达以来，她们已经完成了这些事情。故填have examined。
五
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Discovering yourself plays an important role in inspiring your confidence. By doing so, you could know 1 you are weak in. And you may also realize you’re quite a great person 2 great strengths. So when you’re in a hard situation, you will believe in yourself and spend the most difficult time with confidence. Otherwise, you may give up and then lose everything. Therefore, the ability 3 (trust) yourself will decide your future a lot.
1．what 2．with 3．to trust
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍发现自我可以激发自信心，让我们能充满自信地度过艰难时刻。
1．考查宾语从句。句意：通过这样做，你可以知道你的弱点是什么。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。
2．考查介词。句意：你可能也会意识到你是一个非常优秀的人，有很多优点。表示“具有”应用介词with。故填with。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，相信自己的能力将在很大程度上决定你的未来。修饰名词ability需用动词不定式to trust，作后置定语。故填to trust。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Fishing is my favorite sport. I often fish for hours without catching anything. But this does not worry me. Some fishermen are unlucky. Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. I am even 4 (lucky). I never catch anything — not even old boots. 5 (spend) whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. Very often I 6 (advice) to give up fishing because my friends believe it’s a waste of time for me. But they 7 (not realize) one important thing. I’m not really interested in fishing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!
4．less lucky 5．Having spent 6．am advised 7．don’t realize
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者喜欢钓鱼。虽然他总是钓不到鱼，但他更享受坐在船上无所事事的感觉。
4．考查形容词比较级。句意：我就更不幸运了。提示词lucky是形容词，作表语，结合下文“I never catch anything”可知，作者比前面提到的钓者“更不幸”，用比较级less lucky。故填less lucky。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：在河上度过了整个上午后，我回家时总是空着袋子。“(spend) whole mornings on the river”作时间状语，spend是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语I之间是主动关系，且“在河上度过了整个上午”发生在主句中“我回家”这一动作之前，应用现在分词的完成式，表示主动和动作已经发生；句首单词首字母大写。故填Having spent。
6．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：我经常被建议放弃钓鱼，因为我的朋友认为这对我来说是浪费时间。提示词advice(建议)是名词，在主句中作谓语动词，应用动词advise(建议)，与主语I之间是被动关系，结合时间状语Very often可知，描述经常发生的事情，应用一般现在时的被动语态，又因主语是I，助动词用am。故填am advised。
7．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但他们没有意识到一件重要的事情。realize是谓语动词，与主语they之间是主动关系，结合语境，描述当前的状态，用一般现在时态，主语是复数代词，谓语用复数形式；结合提示词not可知，应用否定形式，借助助动词do构成一般现在时的否定形式don’t realize。故填don’t realize。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find 8 you do. You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket. However, this does not always happen. Traffic police are sometimes
very polite. During a holiday in Sweden, I found this note on my car 9 read: “Sir, we welcome you to our city. This is a No Parking area. You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs. This note is only a reminder.” 10 (give) a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it!
8．what 9．which 10．Given
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了自己遭遇的瑞典交通警察处理违规停车的情况，赞赏了瑞典交通警察的礼貌和尊重。
8．考查宾语从句。句意：如果你把车停错了地方，交通警察很快就会发现你在做什么。分析句子可知，“ you do”是宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，结合句意，表示“(你在做)什么”，应用连接代词what引导该从句。故填what。
9．考查定语从句。句意：在瑞典度假时，我在车上发现了这样一张纸条，上面写着：“先生，我们欢迎您来到我们的城市。这里是禁止停车区。如果您注意我们的路牌，您会在这里过得很愉快。这张纸条只是一个提醒。”分析句子可知，空格处单词引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词this note，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：收到这样的要求，你不可能不服从! “(give) a request like this”作条件状语，give(给)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语you之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动；句首单词首字母大写。故填Given。
六
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A study shows 176 bird species have been found to build nests with human litter, such as plastic bags and fishing nets. 1 worries the scientists is that such materials can harm chicks and even adult birds. The study 2 (review) research covering almost 35,000 nests and finds that birds use human-made materials in nests on all continents except Antarctica. While such behaviour 3 (observe) as early as in the 1830s, in recent years it has undoubtedly increased.
1．What 2．reviews 3．was observed
【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，已经发现176种鸟类用塑料袋和渔网等人类垃圾筑巢。科学家们担心的是，这些材料会伤害雏鸟甚至成年鸟。
1．考查主语从句。句意：科学家们担心的是，这些材料会伤害雏鸟甚至成年鸟。引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指事物应用what，首字母大写。故填What。
2．考查时态。句意：这项研究回顾了覆盖近35000个巢穴的研究，发现除南极洲外，所有大陆的鸟类都在巢穴中使用人造材料。根据后文and finds可知为一般现在时，主语为study，谓语用三单形式。故填reviews。
3．考查时态语态。句意：尽管早在19世纪30年代就观察到了这种行为，但近年来这种行为无疑有所增加。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文in the 1830s可知发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为behaviour，谓语用单数。故填was observed。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Some people are living very long lives. What are some of their secrets to longevity 4 (eat) the right food plays a big role. Exercise is also important. A study found that people who exercised at 5 (recommend) levels gained 3-4 years of life compared to those 6 were inactive. In addition, there is also a link between happiness and lifespan — happy people with a positive outlook on life tend to live 7 (long) and experience better health than their unhappy peers.
4．Eating/To eat 5．recommended 6．who 7．longer
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了长寿的一些秘诀，包括合理饮食、锻炼和积极心态等方面。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：吃正确的食物起着很大的作用。“(eat) the right food”作主语，eat应用非谓语动词；此处可用动名词作主语表一般情况，也可用不定式作主语表具体情况；句首单词首字母大写。故填Eating/To eat。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：一项研究发现，与不运动的人相比，按建议水平锻炼的人能多活3-4年。此处应用非谓语动词作主语，recommend与其逻辑主语levels之间是被动关系，表示“被建议的水平”，用过去分词表被动。故填recommended。
6．考查定语从句。句意：一项研究发现，与不运动的人相比，按建议水平锻炼的人能多活3-4年。分析句子可知，空格处单词引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词those，指人，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词who引导该从句。故填who。
7．考查副词比较级。句意：此外，快乐和寿命之间也有联系——对生活持积极态度的快乐的人往往比不快乐的同龄人活得更长、更健康。结合句意和句中than their unhappy peers可推知，句中指对生活持积极态度的快乐的人比不快乐的同龄人“活得更长”，有比较级含义，用副词long的比较级形式longer。故填longer。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白
处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
My six-year-old daughter, Rona, listened attentively to the radio on the hardships people suffered 8 poor areas. It was the day after Rona’s birthday and her grandmother had given her some money. When the offering basket came around, Rona 9 (reach) into her pocket, pulled out her birthday money, and put it in the basket. “Your grandmother wanted you to use that to buy something nice for 10 (you),” I said. “I did,” Rona replied with a big smile. “I bought happiness.”
8．in 9．reached 10．yourself
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者的女儿把祖母给她的生日钱捐给了贫困地区的人民。
8．考查介词。句意：我六岁的女儿罗纳聚精会神地听着广播，讲述贫困地区人民所遭受的苦难。表示“在贫困地区”短语为in poor area。故填in。
9．考查时态。句意：当礼物篮出来时，罗纳把手伸进口袋，拿出生日钱，放进篮子里。根据上文When the offering basket came around可知发生在过去，用一般过去时。故填reached。
10．考查代词。句意：“你奶奶想让你用它给自己买点好东西，”我说。结合语境，此处表示“你自己”应用反身代词yourself。故填yourself。
七
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
World Animal Day is an annual event on 4th October, 1 (aim) to improve animal rights across the globe. It 2 (celebrate) since a German writer and publisher started it in 1925. Through joining in various 3 (organize) events, people are better aware of how animals should be treated. And there are so many 4 (option) for everyone to help end the needless suffering of all animals.
1．aiming 2．has been celebrated 3．organized 4．options
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界动物日的相关信息。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：世界动物日是每年10月4日举行的活动，旨在提高全球动物权利。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词is，所以设空处应用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语World Animal Day与aim之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填aiming。
2．考查时态和语态。句意：自1925 年一位德国作家和出版商发起以来，它就一直在庆祝。根据时间状语 since a German writer and publisher started it in 1925可知，应用现在完成时，又因为it和celebrate之间是被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，故填has been celebrated。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：通过参加各种有组织的活动，人们更好地意识到应该如何对待动物。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。event和名词organize之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填organized。
4．考查名词的数。句意：每个人都有很多选择来帮助结束所有动物不必要的痛苦。option是可数名词，根据so many可知，应用复数形式。故填options。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Merriam-Webster 5 (announce) that “authentic” was a top term of the year 2023. The rise of Al helped drive interest 6 the word. And the line between “real” and “fake” (假的) has become 7 (increasing) unclear. As a result, in social media and marketing, “authentic” has become the gold standard for building trust.
5．announced 6．in 7．increasingly
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“authentic”被《韦氏词典》评为2023年度热门词汇的原因。
5．考查时态。句意：《韦氏词典》宣布“authentic”是2023年的热门词汇之一。根据时间状语“2023”可知，应用一般过去时。故填announced。
6．考查介词。句意：人工智能的兴起推动了人们对这个词的兴趣。drive interest in sth.意为“推动对……的兴趣”，故填in。
7．考查副词。句意：“真”与“假”之间的界限越来越模糊。修饰形容词unclear 应用副词形式。故填increasingly。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Kenneth Shinozuka was 10 when his grandfather, 8 has Alzheimer’s disease, began to wander. He wanted to invent something to help. That turned out to be a pressure sensor in a sock. The sensor will send an alarm to a caregiver’s smartphone as soon as a patient 9 (step) out of bed. Today Kenneth continues to improve his invention 10 (help) caregivers get an alarm from any distance. His biggest dream is to one day find cures for all Alzheimer’s.
8．who 9．steps 10．to help
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Kenneth Shinozuka为帮助患有阿尔茨海默病的祖父而发明了压力传感器，并不断改进它以帮助更多的护理人员。
8．考查定语从句。句意：Kenneth Shinozuka 10岁时，他患有阿尔兹海默的祖父病情开始显现。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是his grandfather，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
9．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：传感器会在病人踏出病床时立即向护理人员的智能手机发送警报。连词短语as soon as引导时间状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。主语 a patient是单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填steps。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，Kenneth继续改进他的发明，以帮助护理人员从任何距离获得警报。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作目的状语，应用不定式形式。故填to help。
八
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Ecosia is a search engine that plants trees by donating majority of 1 (it) profit to environmental organizations. In return, the non-profit organizations used the fund to plant trees in the places 2 they are needed the most. With every search you make through Ecosia, you’re helping a global community that 3 (focus) on reforestation and forest conservation. With over 7 million Ecosia users, the company has already planted over 50 million trees. As internet users continue to search online on Ecosia, this number 4 (expect) to increase over the course of time.
1．its 2．where 3．focuses 4．is expected
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款名为Ecosia的搜索引擎，该搜索引擎通过将大部分利润捐赠给环境组织来种树。
1．考查代词。句意：Ecosia是一个将大部分利润捐赠给环境团体的植树搜索引擎。分析句子，设空处使用it的形容词性物主代词作定语，修饰profit。故填its。
2．考查定语从句。句意：作为回报，这些非营利组织利用这笔资金在最需要的地方植树。分析句子，设空处引导的是定语从句，引导词在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词places。故填where。
3．考查动词时态。句意：你在Ecosia上的每一次搜索都是在帮助一个专注于重新造林和森林保护的全球社区。分析句子，设空处使用动词作that引导定语从句的谓语；主句中的are helping表示动作发生在现在，故使用一般现在时。that指代前文的community为单数，故谓语动词使用第三人称单数。故填focuses。
4．考查动词时态和语态。句意：随着互联网用户继续在Ecosia上进行在线搜索，这一数字预计将随着时间的推移而增加。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语。此处this number与expect之间是被动关系，根据前文的continue可知，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时的被动语态，be expected to do为固定短语，意为“被期望做某事”。故填is expected。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In a tiny school on the southern-most tip of New Zealand, children as young as five 5 (participate) in a rat catching competition recently. Each child was given their own trap, made out of 6 (recycle) billboards. They have been trapping at neighbours’ houses, in their sheds, and in their back yards over the past three months. They’re really into the competition. Their end goal is 7 (enable) bird species to recover.
5．have participated 6．recycled 7．to enable
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了在新西兰南端的一所小学里，五岁大的孩子们参加了捉老鼠游戏。
5．考查现在完成时。句意：在新西兰最南端的一所小学校里，年仅五岁的孩子们参加最近参加了一场捉老鼠比赛。时间状语recently“最近”可知，空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态：have/has done；主语是复数children，所以此处助动词需用have，故填have participated。
6．考查过去分词。句意：每个孩子都有自己的陷阱，由回收的广告牌制成。根据句意可知，此处表示“回收的广告牌”，recycle与billboard之间是被动关系，空处应为过去分词作定语，故填recycled。
7．考查不定式。句意：他们的最终目标是使鸟类物种能够恢复。根据句意可知，空处应为不定式作表语，表示目的，故填to enable。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Last month, students at an elementary school, with the help of their art teacher, 8 (create) a telephone hotline that people can call to get cheerful advice from kids during difficult times. The hotline was available 9 English and Spanish. It offered the happy voices of children of different ages 10
(share) positive messages. For example, by pressing 3, you can hear a group of kindergartners saying together: “You can do it! Keep trying, and don’t give up!”
8．created 9．in 10．sharing
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了在美术老师的帮助下，小学生创建了一个热线电话用于向人们提供振奋人心的建议，从而鼓舞人们度过难关。
8．考查时态。句意：上个月，一所小学的学生在美术老师的帮助下创建了一条电话热线，人们可以在困难时期拨打该热线，从孩子们那里获得振奋人心的建议。此处create作谓语动词，主语是students,时间状语是last month，表示“上个月”，所以此句用一般过去时。故填created.
9．考查介词。句意：热线电话有英文和西班牙文两种版本。in后面加语言，表示用……某种语言。此处表示热线电话用英语和西班牙语都能沟通。故填in.
10．考查现在分词。句意：不同年龄段的儿童开心的嗓音分享了积极的信息。此句谓语动词是offered,share作非谓语动词，与名词voices逻辑上构成主动关系。故用现在分词作伴随状语。故填sharing.押北京卷第11-20题
语法填空
年份 篇目 主题 内容 考点
动词 名词 形容词、副词 其他
2023年 A 人与社会 说明不同文化中“守时”的不同表现 2 0 1 0
B 人与社会 介绍了中国的红树林 2 1 0 0
C 人与社会 通过跑马拉松唤起人们对全球水问题的关注 2 0 0 2
2022年 A 人与社会 海伦以为自己被坏人追赶,最后发现那个男人只是想归还她的钱包 2 0 0 1
B 人与社会 分析了为什么人类更喜欢某些气味并介绍了这种偏好在日常生活中的运用 2 0 0 1
C 人与自然 外带食物和外卖产生大量垃圾,造成越来越严重的环境污染 1 0 1 2
2021年 A 人与自我 主要阐述了人做梦的缘由 1 1 0 1
B 人与社会 主要叙述了萨姆帮助一个老妇人回家的事情 0 0 1 2
C 人与自然 主要阐述了近二十年全球气 4 0 0 0
候变化导致了大量的自然灾害的发生
1.2021—2023年语法填空文本体裁为记叙文或说明文,在文化考查内容上,体现中外国文化，见义勇为、保护环境的故事;文本内容对考生来说既是考试,也是爱国教育和文明教育,引导考生关注中外文化、学习励志人物。
2.从考点上看,动词(时态、语态和非谓语形式)设题最多,试题较为基础——谓语动词的一般过去时、一般现在时,以及动词的非谓语形式作状语和定语为主要考点;形容词和副词设题数量次之;再次是名词;然后是连词;最后是主从复合句、冠词、介词、代词和数词。
（2023北京）
A
Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality(守时). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I 1. (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up 2. (exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France, I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest 3. (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.
B
Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When 4. (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. Mangroves can help soften waves and protect 5. (city) from coastal winds. For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China 6. (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
C
Nina has run marathons in 32 countries. All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call attention 7. global water issues. Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, 8. thousands were attending a water conference. She called for action 9. (address) the struggles of people around the world 10. (face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called “Run Blue”.
语法填空试题分两种:有提示词和无提示词。
1.有提示词的试题考查内容包括:动词的时态、语态以及动词的非谓语形式;名词单、复数变化;形容词和副词的比较等级变化;词性转换(如名词、动词、代词、形容词和副词之间的词性转换)等。
2.无提示词的试题考查内容包括:根据上下文填入冠词、连词、代词及介词等。具体做题技巧见下图:
一
（23-24门头沟区一模）
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
When he was 7 years old, Francis Kere left his family to attend school because his village did not have one of _____11_____ (it) own. Thirteen years later, he moved to Germany. He dreamed of returning home to build the
classroom that didn’t then exist. In 2001, Kere completed his first school ____12____ (build). He then ____13____ (creative) transformed his village and other communities in Africa. In 2022, he won “Nobel Prize in architecture”, the Pritzker Prize.
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
To develop a snack we all know and love, companies have to work out ____14____ people have an appetite for. Today, companies often ask customers to choose the flavors they fancy on apps, ____15____ (look) out for the latest taste trends. Snack trends also change over time. When supermarkets ____16____ (encourage) to remove unhealthy snacks from the cashier desk, companies are quick to provide healthier treats.
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
____17____ February 10, the first day of the Year of the Dragon, the crowd in a public square in London burst into cheers. Sixteen dancers performed the Chaoshan Yingge dance, a traditional Chinese folk dance ____18____ (celebrate) Chinese New Year. In the Chaoshan region of Guangdong province, ____19____ the dance originated, people believe it brings good luck for new year. This performance ____20____ (attract) millions of tourists since 2023.
二
（23-24丰台区一模）
A
阅读短文，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese restaurants have played an important role in different ___11___ (country) worldwide, where there can be specialized versions of Chinese food. For example,General Tso’s chicken, ___12___ (name)after Tso Tsung-tang, a military leader of the Qing Dynasty, is what Americans love to eat because it is sweet, fried. Obviously, the recipe___13___ (change) a lot to suit different regional tastes, leading to variations in the cooking method used.
B
阅读短文，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。
Being able to understand local jokes is often seen as a great icebreaker for a foreign language learner___14___tries to start friendships with native speakers. However,when ___15___ (study)a foreign language,a beginner always considers jokes hard to understand.Most of the time,jokes are only funny for people who share acultural background or understand humor in the same way.And there is___16___ (much) to understanding a joke in a foreign language than understanding vocabulary and grammar.
C
阅读短文，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。
The dinner party is ___17___ threat, announced a recent lifestyle column in The Times. You might wonder, “How can this be Don’t we throw parties for friends on special occasions ” But ___18___ The Times worries about is another kind of disappearing. It is usually hosted in one’s home. Invitations ___19___ (send) out weeks in advance and the hosts prepare food ___20___ (careful). Yet nowadays, people prefer to eat takeout food on their sofa while juggling a mobile phone and a remote control.
三
（23-24西城区一模）
A
语法填空
I’ll never forget my first visit to China. Mum encouraged me to try different kinds of food, and I did! I loved everything. But just when I thought I could deal with all Chinese food, I came across stinky tofu. A horrible grey thing that looked and smelt like a burnt sports shoe. “You needn’t try it ____11____ you don’t want to, ”Mum said. But I ____12____ (gather) all my courage to take a bite and was amazed to find it wasn’t so bad. It reminded me of blue cheese, a similarly strong smelling type of food you either love or hate. Maybe I ____13____ (fall) in love with stinky tofu-someday.
B
The 5-Second Rule suggests food is OK to eat if you pick it up ____14____five seconds or less. Believe it or not, scientists have tested the rule. We’re sorry to report it’s not necessarily true. Bacteria can attach ____15____ (it) to your food instantly, regardless of how quickly it ____16____ (pick) up. Food left there for five seconds or less will probably collect less bacteria than food sitting there for a longer time, but fast may not be fast enough. Floors, even clean-looking ones, harbor bacteria. Ultimately, if in doubt, abandon the food ____17____ (avoid) potential illness.
C
Your hometown could affect your navigational (导航的) skills. New research indicates that individuals ____18____ (raise) in cities with structured street patterns may encounter difficulties in navigation compared to those from rural areas with more organic layouts. This conclusion was drawn from a study ____19____ (involve) players of a mobile game about sea, ____20____ tests 3-D navigation skills. However, there’s hope for city residents: an urban version of the game showed slight improvements for them.
四
（2024·北京延庆·一模）
A
When the 48-year-old Uzbek gymnast, Oksana Chusovitina, 1 (participate) in the Asiad women’s gymnastics qualification on Monday, thousands of spectators chanted for “Qiu Ma,” 2 translates to “Mother Chusovitina”. When her son was diagnosed with leukemia in 2002, she adopted German citizenship to compete at global events for a higher income and 3 (good) medical treatment. Aften her son’s 4 (recover), Chusovitina continued her gymnastics journey out of sheer love for the sport．
B
As a mother to three boys, I’m used to receiving my favorite soap as a gift for every occasion．It doesn’t require much effort, and my sons know that I love it．One day my son saw a magazine on my desk with Jane Goodall 5 the cover．I said, “She’s my favorite person.”The next Christmas, I was expecting my soap 6 my sons handed me an envelope．Inside was/a copy of National Geographic signed by Jane Goodall．I 7 (move) to tears.I will always cherish the magazine and thoughtfulness of my boys finding me the perfect gift．
C
Shenzhou XVII crew members completed their first spacewalk on 22nd December, 2023, completing a host of tasks outside the Tiangong space station. It was the 14th spacewalk 8 (conduct) by Chinese astronauts. There are a lot of science and technology assignments for them 9 (perform) during the remaining days of their stay in orbit. Since their arrival, the astronauts 10 (examine) and maintained equipment and made preparations for their spacewalk.
五
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Discovering yourself plays an important role in inspiring your confidence. By doing so, you could know 1 you are weak in. And you may also realize you’re quite a great person 2 great strengths. So when you’re in a hard situation, you will believe in yourself and spend the most difficult time with confidence. Otherwise, you may give up and then lose everything. Therefore, the ability 3 (trust) yourself will decide your future a lot.
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Fishing is my favorite sport. I often fish for hours without catching anything. But this does not worry me. Some fishermen are unlucky. Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. I am even 4 (lucky). I never catch anything — not even old boots. 5 (spend) whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. Very often I 6 (advice) to give up fishing because my friends believe it’s a waste of time for me. But they 7 (not realize) one important thing. I’m not really interested in fishing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find 8 you do. You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket. However, this does not always happen. Traffic police are sometimes very polite. During a holiday in Sweden, I found this note on my car 9 read: “Sir, we welcome you to our city. This is a No Parking area. You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs. This note is only a reminder.” 10 (give) a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it!
六
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A study shows 176 bird species have been found to build nests with human litter, such as plastic bags and fishing nets. 1 worries the scientists is that such materials can harm chicks and even adult birds. The study
2 (review) research covering almost 35,000 nests and finds that birds use human-made materials in nests on all continents except Antarctica. While such behaviour 3 (observe) as early as in the 1830s, in recent years it has undoubtedly increased.
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Some people are living very long lives. What are some of their secrets to longevity 4 (eat) the right food plays a big role. Exercise is also important. A study found that people who exercised at 5 (recommend) levels gained 3-4 years of life compared to those 6 were inactive. In addition, there is also a link between happiness and lifespan — happy people with a positive outlook on life tend to live 7 (long) and experience better health than their unhappy peers.
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
My six-year-old daughter, Rona, listened attentively to the radio on the hardships people suffered 8 poor areas. It was the day after Rona’s birthday and her grandmother had given her some money. When the offering basket came around, Rona 9 (reach) into her pocket, pulled out her birthday money, and put it in the basket. “Your grandmother wanted you to use that to buy something nice for 10 (you),” I said. “I did,” Rona replied with a big smile. “I bought happiness.”
七
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
World Animal Day is an annual event on 4th October, 1 (aim) to improve animal rights across the globe. It 2 (celebrate) since a German writer and publisher started it in 1925. Through joining in various 3 (organize) events, people are better aware of how animals should be treated. And there are so many 4 (option) for everyone to help end the needless suffering of all animals.
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Merriam-Webster 5 (announce) that “authentic” was a top term of the year 2023. The rise of Al helped drive interest 6 the word. And the line between “real” and “fake” (假的) has become 7 (increasing) unclear. As a result, in social media and marketing, “authentic” has become the gold standard for building trust.
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Kenneth Shinozuka was 10 when his grandfather, 8 has Alzheimer’s disease, began to wander. He wanted to invent something to help. That turned out to be a pressure sensor in a sock. The sensor will send an alarm to a caregiver’s smartphone as soon as a patient 9 (step) out of bed. Today Kenneth continues to improve his invention 10 (help) caregivers get an alarm from any distance. His biggest dream is to one day find cures for all Alzheimer’s.
八
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Ecosia is a search engine that plants trees by donating majority of 1 (it) profit to environmental organizations. In return, the non-profit organizations used the fund to plant trees in the places 2 they are needed the most. With every search you make through Ecosia, you’re helping a global community that 3 (focus) on reforestation and forest conservation. With over 7 million Ecosia users, the company has already planted over 50 million trees. As internet users continue to search online on Ecosia, this number 4 (expect) to increase over the course of time.
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In a tiny school on the southern-most tip of New Zealand, children as young as five 5 (participate) in a rat catching competition recently. Each child was given their own trap, made out of 6 (recycle) billboards. They have been trapping at neighbours’ houses, in their sheds, and in their back yards over the past three months. They’re really into the competition. Their end goal is 7 (enable) bird species to recover.
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Last month, students at an elementary school, with the help of their art teacher, 8 (create) a telephone hotline that people can call to get cheerful advice from kids during difficult times. The hotline was available 9 English and Spanish. It offered the happy voices of children of different ages 10 (share) positive messages. For example, by pressing 3, you can hear a group of kindergartners saying together: “You can do it! Keep trying, and don’t give up!”
