外研版（2019）选择性必修第三册Unit 5 Learning from Nature 单元检测试卷（含答案）
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）选择性必修第三册Unit 5 Learning from Nature 单元检测试卷（含答案） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-04-15 20:50:25 | ||
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Unit 5 Learning from nature
第二部分
阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
There are plenty of exciting destinations with low prices. Let's look at three of the best.
Budapest
Budapest is the capital of Hungary. The city is famous for its cafés. There are several good ones to choose from, but you must try Gerbeaud. Finally, you can't leave the city without visiting one of its amazing Turkish baths. Some of them date back to the 16th century. The Hotel Gellért has a wonderful complex open to the general public, and the Széchenyi Baths are the largest in Europe. The baths in the Városliget (the City Park), which you can enter from Heroes' Square, are a UNESCO World Heritage site and another place you must see.
Bucharest
Once you are in Bucharest, the capital of Romania, you should visit Manuc's Inn, which is a 19th-century caravanserai (商队客店). It's located in the Lipscani District (the heart of the city), and it's a journey back in time to when Bucharest was an important trading centre. It's also a great place to have lunch and a drink. Classical architecture is everywhere, of course, and the Casa Presei Libere (The House of the Free Press) is a good example of this.
Sofia
From Bucharest, it's only 300 kilometres to Sofia, the Bulgarian capital. Sofia is an ancient place, and parts of the city walls date back to the 7th century BCE and can still be seen. You should find time for the Boyana Church. It is a UNESCO World Heritage site and has amazing wall paintings dating back to 1259. You should also take a trip out of the city to explore the Vitosha, a wonderful place for skiing in winter.
So, we hope we've given you a few ideas of places to spend your holiday.
21. What can we learn about Manuc's Inn
A. It is far from Bucharest.
B. It is of superior quality.
C. It is a trading centre now.
D. It is of special historic interest.
22. What do Széchenyi Baths and Boyana Church have in common
A. They are a good size.
B. They are only open to locals.
C. They are in Budapest's City Park.
D. They are UNESCO World Heritage sites.
23. Where should you go if you are a ski lover
A. Vitosha.
B. Gerbeaud.
C. Városliget.
D. Casa Presei Libere.
B
In 480 BCE, Xerxes, the king of Persia, invaded Greece with a massive force. But his campaign came to a sudden stop when his army reached the pass of Thermopylae in central Greece, where he found a Greek army waiting, led by the Spartan king Leonidas.
The opposing Greek force was small, not much more than 7, 000. But the pass they held was small: only five metres wide. To advance south, Xerxes had to take the pass soon. His army was vast: at least 200, 000. Xerxes knew that if he delayed, he would run into trouble. He needed to feed and water not just the soldiers but a host of camp followers and countless animals used for fighting and transport. So, he felt a lot of anxiety.
The small space meant that the Persians could not use their usual tactics (战术): breaking the enemy with lots of arrows (箭) from a distance, before moving in to defeat them. Xerxes'force instead had to fight bitterly at close quarters. For two days, Xerxes' soldiers were pushed back. But they discovered a path that came out behind the pass. Guided by a local Greek, at night on the second day Xerxes sent a part of his army to prepare to go around the side of the Greeks on the morning of day three.
That morning Leonidas noticed an enemy army approaching from behind. Caught between two fires, the Greek soldiers had to leave right away, but Leonidas and his 300 Spartans insisted on staying. They decided to hold back the Persians to buy time for the other Greek soldiers. The fierce hand-to-hand fighting started. At last, Leonidas and all his 300 Spartans died.
Win or lose, the battle achieved everlasting status almost at once. And it became one of Sparta's best-known stories. The 300 Spartans were regarded as the true heroes of the battle. In modern times, the battle of Thermopylae has been used as the standard for courageous acts. There's no doubt that what happened at Thermopylae will continue to inspire.
24. What put Xerxes under pressure when invading Thermopylae
A. The number of his soldiers was decreasing.
B. There was a serious problem of supply.
C. More Greek forces were arriving soon.
D. Many of his soldiers were wounded.
25. Why did Xerxes' force find it hard to defeat the Greeks in the first two days
A. The Persian soldiers feared the Greeks.
B. The invaders chose to use their old tactics.
C. The Greeks were good at using arrows from a distance.
D. The pass was too narrow for the invaders to attack together.
26. Why did most of the Greeks decide to leave Thermopylae
A. They were being attacked from two sides.
B. Leonidas and his 300 Spartans had died.
C. The pass was controlled by the enemy.
D. The Persians were completely defeated.
27. What can we learn about the battle of Thermopylae
A. It started to be widely known in modern times.
B. It succeeded in preventing the Persian invasion.
C. It has become a fiction in modern popular culture.
D. It set a shining example of courage and bravery.
C
When Antoine Bruy started hitchhiking (搭便车) as a 17-year-old, catching rides across France, it opened his mind to all sorts of possibilities. But one encounter ( 经历) in particular became transformative in itself, shaping his path as a photographer. “Some people who picked me up were trying to be self-sufficient, using solar panels and growing their own organic gardens,” he says.
Four years later, having completed his photography degree, Antoine began seeking out similar communities: people who had lived in the city only to choose a self-sustained rural life, far from the nearest WiFi hotspot.
These encounters became Scrublands, a photo essay that's part documentary and part travelogue. Scrublands is not a project about forgotten cultures or being remote for remote's sake. It's about modern life and the measures some people will take to get away from it.
A place that left a lasting impression was a goat farm in the French Pyrenees. It's run by Peter, a one-time German athlete who arrived 30 years ago, and a former maths teacher called Vincent, who's been there for seven years.
Antoine visited them several times, each day climbing over the hill to milk their goats. “Those guys were really extreme in the way they refused to have electricity. They didn't use any modern machines that needed petrol or anything like that. They did everything by hand.”
Currently based in the once-proud industrial city of Lille, Antoine is taking a break after recent trips to Australia and the US, where he has shot some additional photos for Scrublands.
Now that his photography career may see him more reliant on the Internet than ever, I ask Antoine how he views himself — whether he feels part of the city or is slowly edging towards a self-sustained lifestyle of his own.
“I'm still thinking of what would be the best way of leading my daily life without being too dependent on money or cars,” he says. “That's what interested me the most in this project. I really like this idea of being satisfied with the way you live without having to consume too much.”
28. What inspired Antoine to be a photographer
A. His interest in photography.
B. The beautiful gardens in France.
C. His meeting with some strangers.
D. The encouragement from a teacher.
29. What are the characters in Scrublands like
A. They are travel lovers.
B. They live a natural rural life.
C. They prefer to live in modern cities.
D. They want to preserve local culture.
30. What can be learned about the goat farm
A. It is a modern farm.
B. It was set up by a retired teacher.
C. Many visitors go there each year.
D. Basic things are highly valued there.
31. What is Antoine's attitude to a low-cost life
A. Uncaring.
B. Confused.
C. Concerned.
D. Favorable.
D
The amazing and highly effective jumping system of flea beetles is described in a new research article in the journal ZooKeys. Despite having been known since 1929, the explosive jump has so far not been fully understood. By joining forces, a team of Chinese and US scientists tested the existing theories and provided a complete description of the workings behind the amazing jump in flea beetles.
Flea beetles are plant feeders that belong to a huge group of about 9,900 species and occur in various environments worldwide. Most of them live on the upper leaf surface of their host plants, and thus they are exposed to the ever-present danger of various hunters, including birds, ants and spiders. One of their ways to protect themselves is their unbelievable jumps, which allow flea beetles to escape an approaching enemy in an instant.
Using micro-CT scans, 3D reconstructions and high-speed filming data, the scientists showed that the acceleration (加速度) during the jump can reach an explosive peak of 8,650 m/s2. The peak power output of the back legs of the flea beetle peaked at 2.24 × 105 W/kg. This is about 450 times the abilities of the fastest known muscle and 100-200 times that of a powerful rally car engine.
The researchers found that the muscles of the insect's back legs first contract (收缩) and build up elastic (有弹力的) energy inside them. The energy is kept in a structure called a metafemoral spring, while another two structures inside the leg, previously known as “triangular plate” and “elastic plate,” act together as a trigger (扳机) for the jumping system. When the trigger is pulled, the metafemoral spring contracts and releases the stored energy, giving the insect an extraordinarily high acceleration.
In addition, the scientists noted that the jumping system in flea beetles is so efficient that it might be useful in robotics, as well as in engineering. They have also made suggestions for the design of a robotic arm inspired by the studied beetles.
32. What is the main purpose of the new study
A. To advance the flea beetle's use in robotics.
B. To explore how the flea beetle's jump works.
C. To show how flea beetles inspire a robotic arm.
D. To compare the structures in the flea beetle's legs.
33. What is a major challenge for the survival of flea beetles
A. It is easy for natural enemies to find them.
B. They are losing their habitats around the world.
C. Their sources of food are being heavily polluted.
D. Humans are killing them in various environments.
34. What do the figures in Paragraph 3 show
A. The major problems with the acceleration in the jump.
B. The effectiveness of the technologies used in the tests.
C. The basic characteristics of the flea beetle's back legs.
D. The amazing performance of the flea beetle's jumping system.
35. What provides the power in the flea beetle's jump
A. The elastic plate.
B. The triangular plate.
C. The metafemoral spring.
D. The trigger inside the leg.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Take it from nature
Scientists are borrowing ideas from nature to solve tough design problems.
Japan's Shinkansen bullet train sped along the rails at lightning speed. 36 To solve the train's noise trouble, Eiji Nakatsu, an engineer, looked to the kingfisher bird.
Nakatsu noticed that the kingfisher could dive through the air and into the water with barely a splash (落水声). The bird could do this because of its streamlined beak. Nakatsu suggested the train's nose be modeled after the beak. And then the loud noise was gone. 37 “If you want the answer to a tough question, ask nature first. You'll find in the natural world an unbelievable library of solutions,” Nakatsu said.
The science behind nature-inspired inventions is called biomimicry. 38 Since she cofounded the Biomimicry Institute in 2006, she has worked with hundreds of companies to develop products based on nature.
Scientist Brent Constantz was inspired by coral reefs ( 珊瑚礁) to create concrete that's better for the planet. Concrete, made up of cement and sand, is a top building material. The problem Making one ton of concrete produces one ton of CO2.
Constantz decided to borrow an idea from corals. When the tiny animals die, their bones form the foundation for colorful reefs. Saltwater mixes with CO2 to make these formations. To make his concrete, CO2 from power plants is mixed with saltwater. 39 “This is a huge win for the planet,” says Constantz.
The possibilities for copying nature are limitless. 40 That amounts to thousands of lessons lost. “The more we learn from nature, the more we'll want to protect it,” says Constantz.
A. But it makes a loud noise.
B. It is used in bridges and miles upon miles of highways.
C. The process actually removes polluting CO2 from the air.
D. We have to fall in love with all these wonderful creatures.
E. Trouble is, thousands of animals and plants die out each year.
F. Scientist Janine Benyus is a longtime supporter of this branch of science.
G. What's more, the new train travels 10% faster and uses 15% less electricity.
第三部分
语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Scientists from Stanford University are studying a gecko ( 壁虎). It's a(n) 41 animal because it can move up and down a tree and even upside down on ceilings ( 天花板). The scientists are 42 the gecko's feet. They want to use the 43 design on a robot that looks like the gecko. It has four feet and can walk up walls made of glass or plastic, 44 it still has trouble walking upside down.
Animals and plants can 45 humans a lot. Many engineers, scientists, and designers spend time 46 them. When they have a problem, nature often has the 47 . This science is called biomimetics. Biomimeticists study animals and plants in order to 48 their design.
For example, engineers in Canada are studying whale flippers (鲸鱼的鳍) because they move so 49 through water. The engineers believe the shape can 50 the movement of wind turbines (风力机). Similarly, engineers at Mercedes-Benz are 51 the shape of the boxfish to one of their new cars because it makes the car 52 and more fuel efficient.
In 1982 inventor Wilhelm Bartlott got a great idea studying the leaf of a lotus plant. He noticed that water always ran off the leaf. When he had a closer look, he discovered how this 53 . Bartlott copied the leaf 's 54 surface and now you can find it in specialized paint products that don't allow water and dirt to stick to them.
Biomimetics not only has helped to 55 our world but promises many more possibilities.
41. A. hungry B. endangered C. dangerous D. amazing
42. A. interested in B. careful with C. satisfied with D. doubtful about
43. A. last B. whole C. same D. right
44. A. so B. but C. because D. unless
45. A. cost B. affect C. trouble D. teach
46. A. studying B. introducing C. identifying D. collecting
47. A. power B. purpose C. sense D. answer
48. A. discuss B. copy C. simplify D. describe
49. A. effectively B. cautiously C. restlessly D. independently
50. A. follow B. control C. predict D. improve
51. A. attaching B. comparing C. applying D. showing
52. A. heavier B. smarter C. faster D. quieter
53. A. reacted B. worked C. connected D. spread
54. A. hard B. cold C. special D. shiny
55. A. save B. design C. imagine D. rule
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Shanghai Natural History Museum 56. ________ (design) by Perkins&Will was opened in 2015. It is a spiral-shaped shell (螺形的壳体) building 57. ________ covers a total area of 45,257 square meters and consists 58. ________ 6 floors of exhibition space, offices, a hall 30 meters in height filled with natural light entering through a glass wall inspired by the cellular structure of plants and animals, a garden for outdoor exhibits and a 4D theater.
The general 59. ________ (organize) of the inside was inspired by the nautilus shell, one of the most beautiful and complex 60. ________ (shape) found in nature. The outside “spiral” has a sloping grass-covered floor and an outdoor roof garden to make the building 61. ________ (access) from different sides.
The Perkins&Will project takes advantage of bioclimatic, green roof and stands as 62. ________ example of sustainable architecture.
It is a bioclimatic building in that it responds to the sun by 63. ________ (use) an intelligent building skin that maximizes (使……增至最大限度) daylight. The temperature of the building is regulated with a geothermal (地热的) system that uses energy from the earth for heating and cooling. Rain water 64. ________ (collect) from the vegetated roof and stored in the courtyard pool along with recycled grey water. All of the energy features of the museum 65. ________ (be) part of exhibits which explain the story of the museum.
第四部分
写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是李华，你校英文报正举办以“Learning from nature”为主题的征文活动。请你用英语写一篇短文投稿。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Learning from nature
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第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
It's a feeling we all get at some point or another. It's the feeling of low self-confidence, a defeatist attitude and regret. Admitting to the feeling isn't easy, and sometimes you may not even know it's affecting you, but no matter what the case, it has to be taken care of. To deal with it, you need to know how. These tips appear to be simple, but you need to think of how they apply to you.
Stop saying “I should have ...” It's so important to learn from our past and recognize where we went wrong, but you will never be able to feel good about yourself if you're constantly counting those mistakes. Perhaps you really messed up and lost your friends for certain reasons that were totally preventable. Now you're feeling there's a hole in your life because you know something is missing. Rather than dwelling on (老是想着) the reason why something happened and what could have been, find a way to make new friends and surround yourself with people who love you for who you are now.
Remember that there's no such thing as “Perfect”. You'll always be a work in progress, as will every single person on this earth. The key is to use that to your advantage. You may be learning a new language and feel you're really getting the hang of it one day and the next you can't remember a single thing about what you learned the day before. That's okay. If you accept this truth and start clearing the chimney (烟囱) of negative thoughts such as “I'm not good enough” and “I shouldn't try again because I'll fail”, you will feel better.
Stay hungry, stay foolish. Challenge yourself to take chances, to create and to explore who you are. This means not always taking yourself so seriously. You'll find yourself stumbling upon (意外发现) some of the greatest discoveries in your life by accident rather than by design.
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参考答案
21-25 DDABD 26-30 ADCBD
31-35 DBADC 36-40 AGFCE
41-45 DACBD 46-50 ADBAD
51-55 CCBCB
56. designed 57. which / that 58. of 59. organization
60. shapes 61. accessible 62. an 63. using
64. is collected 65. are
写作
第一节
One possible version:
Learning from nature
We are fortunate to have so much of Mother Nature's beauty and splendor all around us. Every aspect of nature has something to teach us. Bees, for example, all participate together to the benefit of all those in their community. Each person is also necessary for a family, community, nation and the world. Let's shoulder our responsibilities and make positive contributions to this world. No matter what storms are passing, it is momentary because beyond the clouds, the sky is always blue and the sun is always shining. Let's hug nature and enjoy its power flowing through our life.
第二节
One possible version:
People should not always sink into negative feelings, and there are ways to deal with them. (要点1) First, instead of repeatedly focusing on past mistakes and regretting, learn to move forward. (要点2) Second, admit the fact that there are no perfect things or perfect people and try to think positively. (要点3) Last, keep trying but don't take everything too seriously, as many things won't turn out as planned. (要点4)
部分解析
阅读
第一节
A篇
主题语境：人与社会——社会与文化
本文是应用文。文章介绍了三个城市旅游的目的地。
21. D。细节理解题。根据Bucharest中的Manuc's Inn ... and it's a journey back in time to when Bucharest was an important trading centre可知，Manuc's Inn会带你回到布加勒斯特曾是商业中心的时代，所以在此游览会帮助你了解当地历史。
22. D。细节理解题。根据Budapest中的the Széchenyi Baths ... are a UNESCO World Heritage site与Sofia中的find time for the Boyana Church. It is a UNESCO World Heritage site可知，这两个地方都被列为联合国教科文组织世界遗产。
23. A。细节理解题。根据Sofia中的You should also take a trip out of the city to explore the Vitosha, a wonderful place for skiing in winter可知，如果你是滑雪爱好者，你可以来到维托沙山。
B篇
主题语境：人与社会——历史
本文是夹叙夹议文。文章回顾了公元前480年那场发生在希腊中部的温泉关战役。
24. B。细节理解题。根据第二段中的He needed to feed and water ... So, he felt a lot of anxiety可知，薛西斯在攻打温泉关的时候，严重的供给问题给他带来很大压力，所以他必须速战速决。
25. D。细节理解题。根据第二段中的But the pass they held was small: only five metres wide和第三段中的The small space meant that the Persians ... Xerxes' force instead had to fight bitterly at close quarters可知，希腊人把守的关口很窄，因此入侵者很难攻下。
26. A。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的That morning Leonidas noticed an enemy army approaching from behind. Caught between two fires, the Greek soldiers had to leave right away可知，在温泉关战役的第三天，希腊军队受到敌人的两面夹击，因此大部分部队决定撤退。between two fires意为“腹背受敌；在两面夹攻中”。
27. D。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的The 300 Spartans were regarded as the true heroes ... There's no doubt that what happened at Thermopylae will continue to inspire可知，温泉关战役中斯巴达勇士的英勇为后人树立了一个勇敢无畏的光辉榜样。
C篇
主题语境：人与自我——生活
本文是说明文。摄影师用相机记录了回归自然的人们的生活。
28. C。细节理解题。根据第一段中的But one encounter in particular became transformative in itself, shaping his path as a photographer可知，Antoine在搭便车的过程中偶遇了一些享受自给自足生活方式的人，这样的经历激发他去当一名摄影师以记录他们的生活。
29. B。推理判断题。根据第二段中的Antoine began seeking out similar communities: people who had lived in the city only to choose a self-sustained rural life和第三段中的It's about modern life and the measures some people will take to get away from it以及下文所举的例子可知，Scrublands里面记录的人物都是远离现代社会、享受乡村生活的人。
30. D。推理判断题。根据第五段中的Those guys were really extreme in the way they refused to have electricity. They didn't use any modern machines that needed petrol or anything like that. They did everything by hand可知，在这个农场，人们排斥现代化的生活，更偏爱原始简单的生活。
31. D。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的I really like this idea of being satisfied with the way you live without having to consume too much可知，Antoine赞成花钱少的生活方式。
D篇
主题语境：人与社会——科学与技术
本文是说明文。科学家经过研究分析揭开了跳甲神奇弹跳能力之谜。
32. B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的The amazing and highly effective jumping system of flea beetles is described in a new research及scientists tested the existing theories and provided a complete description of the workings behind the amazing jump in flea beetles可知，这项研究的主要目的是探索跳甲跳跃的工作原理。
33. A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的Most of them live ... birds, ants and spiders可知，跳甲常生活在植物叶子的表面，所以很容易被天敌发现，这是它们生存面临的主要挑战。
34. D。推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，这些数字具体地表现了跳甲跳跃机制的卓越性能及其跳跃时所爆发的巨大能量。
35. C。细节理解题。根据第四段中的The energy is kept in a structure called a metafemoral spring及When the trigger is pulled, the metafemoral spring contracts and releases the stored energy, giving the insect an extraordinarily high acceleration可知，跳甲跳跃的能量来自其腿部的弹簧，这种弹簧储存着能量，一旦被激活，能量就被释放出来。
第二节
主题语境：人与社会——科学与技术
本文是说明文。文章介绍了科学家是如何从大自然中获取灵感来进行科技创新的。
36. A。设空处与上文构成转折关系，并承接下文。A项中的noise在下文原词复现。
37. G。设空处与上文构成递进关系。G项中的new train指代的是上文中的the train's nose be modeled after the beak。在对火车头进行改进后，不仅噪音消失了，火车的速度还得到了提升，所消耗的能源也相应得到减少。
38. F。下文与设空处构成解释说明关系。下文中的she has worked with hundreds of companies to develop products based on nature是对F项中的Janine Benyus is a longtime supporter of this branch of science的解释说明，this branch of science指代的是上文中的biomimicry。
39. C。下文与设空处构成递进关系。C项中的removes polluting CO2 from the air与下文中的This is a huge win for the planet相呼应，下文中的this指代设空处。
40. E。设空处与上文构成转折关系，与下文构成解释说明关系。下文中的That amounts to thousands of lessons lost是对E项中的thousands of animals and plants die out的进一步解释说明。
语言运用
第一节
主题语境：人与社会——科学与技术
本文是说明文。自然是人类的老师，人类的很多发明创造都能在自然界找到原型。
41. D。根据空后的because it can move up and down a tree and even upside down on ceilings及下文中对科学家研究壁虎的脚而发明机器人的描述可知，壁虎可以在树上爬上爬下，甚至还可以在天花板上倒挂着爬行，所以它们是一种很“神奇的（amazing）”动物。
42. A。43. C。根据本段中的They want to use the ... design on a robot that looks like the gecko可知，科学家对壁虎的脚很“感兴趣（interested in）”。他们想将“同样的（same）”设计原理运用在一款酷似壁虎的机器人上。
44. B。本段中的It has four feet and can walk up walls made of glass or plastic与it still has trouble walking upside down之间是转折关系，故填but。
45. D。46. A。47. D。根据上文中对科学家研究壁虎的脚而发明机器人的描述及本段中的Many engineers, scientists, and designers spend time可知，动植物可以“教会（teach）”人类很多知识。所以很多工程师、科学家及设计人员会花费时间“研究（studying）”它们。当他们遇到问题时，自然通常都有“答案（answer）”。
48. B。根据上下文中对科学家研究动植物然后把一些发现借鉴到自己的设计或发明上的描述可知，仿生学家研究动植物是为了“模仿（copy）”它们的设计。
49. A。50. D。根据上文中对科学家研究壁虎的脚而发明机器人的描述和对仿生学的讲解及本段中的engineers in Canada are studying whale flippers because they move so ... through water和The engineers believe the shape can ...可知，加拿大的工程师研究鲸鱼的鳍是因为鲸鱼在鳍的帮助下可以在水中游得很好，所以第49空应该填一个表示“好”的副词，四个选项中只有effectively符合此意。工程师相信鲸鱼鳍的形状能够“提升（improve）”风力机的运转。
51. C。根据本段中对加拿大工程师研究鲸鱼鳍的描述及Similarly可知，奔驰公司的工程师也在新车车身的设计上“借鉴了（applying）”boxfish的形状。
52. C。根据空后的more fuel efficient可知，第52空应填一个与汽车使用更高效有关的形容词，四个选项中只有faster符合语境。
53. B。54. C。根据本段中的He noticed that water always ran off the leaf和When he had a closer look, he discovered how this ...及Bartlott copied the leaf 's ... stick to them可知，Wilhelm Bartlott注意到了莲花的叶子，当他走近查看时发现了它的“工作（worked）”原理。Wilhelm Bartlott模仿了莲花叶子表面的“特殊（special）”构造，并把该构造运用到了涂料产品的生产上。
55. B。根据上文中列举出的仿生学中各种模仿动植物的设计案例可知，仿生学不仅帮助我们“设计（design）”生活中的各种东西，也给我们的未来带来了无限的可能。
第二节
主题语境：人与自然——环境保护
本文是说明文。文章介绍了上海自然博物馆。
56. designed。考查动词-ed形式作定语。设空处作后置定语，修饰Shanghai Natural History Museum，且design和Shanghai Natural History Museum之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填designed。
57. which / that。考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词building，且在从句中作主语，故填which或that。
58. of。考查介词。consist of是固定搭配，意为“由……组成”，故填of。
59. organization。考查名词。设空处在句中作主语，应用其名词形式，故填organization。
60. shapes。考查名词复数。“one of +形容词最高级+名词复数”意为“最……的其中之一”，故填shapes。
61. accessible。考查形容词。make后面跟由形容词构成的复合结构，表示“使某物怎么样”，符合此处语境，故填accessible。
62. an。考查冠词。example是可数名词，在此处表示泛指，前面应加不定冠词，又因为该词是元音音素开头，故填an。
63. using。考查动词-ing形式作宾语。设空处作介词by的宾语，故填using。
64. is collected。考查一般现在时的被动语态。设空处在句中作谓语，且collect和Rain water之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，又因为该句描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，故填is collected。
65. are。考查主谓一致。设空处是系动词，其主语是All of the energy features，故填are。
第二部分
阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
There are plenty of exciting destinations with low prices. Let's look at three of the best.
Budapest
Budapest is the capital of Hungary. The city is famous for its cafés. There are several good ones to choose from, but you must try Gerbeaud. Finally, you can't leave the city without visiting one of its amazing Turkish baths. Some of them date back to the 16th century. The Hotel Gellért has a wonderful complex open to the general public, and the Széchenyi Baths are the largest in Europe. The baths in the Városliget (the City Park), which you can enter from Heroes' Square, are a UNESCO World Heritage site and another place you must see.
Bucharest
Once you are in Bucharest, the capital of Romania, you should visit Manuc's Inn, which is a 19th-century caravanserai (商队客店). It's located in the Lipscani District (the heart of the city), and it's a journey back in time to when Bucharest was an important trading centre. It's also a great place to have lunch and a drink. Classical architecture is everywhere, of course, and the Casa Presei Libere (The House of the Free Press) is a good example of this.
Sofia
From Bucharest, it's only 300 kilometres to Sofia, the Bulgarian capital. Sofia is an ancient place, and parts of the city walls date back to the 7th century BCE and can still be seen. You should find time for the Boyana Church. It is a UNESCO World Heritage site and has amazing wall paintings dating back to 1259. You should also take a trip out of the city to explore the Vitosha, a wonderful place for skiing in winter.
So, we hope we've given you a few ideas of places to spend your holiday.
21. What can we learn about Manuc's Inn
A. It is far from Bucharest.
B. It is of superior quality.
C. It is a trading centre now.
D. It is of special historic interest.
22. What do Széchenyi Baths and Boyana Church have in common
A. They are a good size.
B. They are only open to locals.
C. They are in Budapest's City Park.
D. They are UNESCO World Heritage sites.
23. Where should you go if you are a ski lover
A. Vitosha.
B. Gerbeaud.
C. Városliget.
D. Casa Presei Libere.
B
In 480 BCE, Xerxes, the king of Persia, invaded Greece with a massive force. But his campaign came to a sudden stop when his army reached the pass of Thermopylae in central Greece, where he found a Greek army waiting, led by the Spartan king Leonidas.
The opposing Greek force was small, not much more than 7, 000. But the pass they held was small: only five metres wide. To advance south, Xerxes had to take the pass soon. His army was vast: at least 200, 000. Xerxes knew that if he delayed, he would run into trouble. He needed to feed and water not just the soldiers but a host of camp followers and countless animals used for fighting and transport. So, he felt a lot of anxiety.
The small space meant that the Persians could not use their usual tactics (战术): breaking the enemy with lots of arrows (箭) from a distance, before moving in to defeat them. Xerxes'force instead had to fight bitterly at close quarters. For two days, Xerxes' soldiers were pushed back. But they discovered a path that came out behind the pass. Guided by a local Greek, at night on the second day Xerxes sent a part of his army to prepare to go around the side of the Greeks on the morning of day three.
That morning Leonidas noticed an enemy army approaching from behind. Caught between two fires, the Greek soldiers had to leave right away, but Leonidas and his 300 Spartans insisted on staying. They decided to hold back the Persians to buy time for the other Greek soldiers. The fierce hand-to-hand fighting started. At last, Leonidas and all his 300 Spartans died.
Win or lose, the battle achieved everlasting status almost at once. And it became one of Sparta's best-known stories. The 300 Spartans were regarded as the true heroes of the battle. In modern times, the battle of Thermopylae has been used as the standard for courageous acts. There's no doubt that what happened at Thermopylae will continue to inspire.
24. What put Xerxes under pressure when invading Thermopylae
A. The number of his soldiers was decreasing.
B. There was a serious problem of supply.
C. More Greek forces were arriving soon.
D. Many of his soldiers were wounded.
25. Why did Xerxes' force find it hard to defeat the Greeks in the first two days
A. The Persian soldiers feared the Greeks.
B. The invaders chose to use their old tactics.
C. The Greeks were good at using arrows from a distance.
D. The pass was too narrow for the invaders to attack together.
26. Why did most of the Greeks decide to leave Thermopylae
A. They were being attacked from two sides.
B. Leonidas and his 300 Spartans had died.
C. The pass was controlled by the enemy.
D. The Persians were completely defeated.
27. What can we learn about the battle of Thermopylae
A. It started to be widely known in modern times.
B. It succeeded in preventing the Persian invasion.
C. It has become a fiction in modern popular culture.
D. It set a shining example of courage and bravery.
C
When Antoine Bruy started hitchhiking (搭便车) as a 17-year-old, catching rides across France, it opened his mind to all sorts of possibilities. But one encounter ( 经历) in particular became transformative in itself, shaping his path as a photographer. “Some people who picked me up were trying to be self-sufficient, using solar panels and growing their own organic gardens,” he says.
Four years later, having completed his photography degree, Antoine began seeking out similar communities: people who had lived in the city only to choose a self-sustained rural life, far from the nearest WiFi hotspot.
These encounters became Scrublands, a photo essay that's part documentary and part travelogue. Scrublands is not a project about forgotten cultures or being remote for remote's sake. It's about modern life and the measures some people will take to get away from it.
A place that left a lasting impression was a goat farm in the French Pyrenees. It's run by Peter, a one-time German athlete who arrived 30 years ago, and a former maths teacher called Vincent, who's been there for seven years.
Antoine visited them several times, each day climbing over the hill to milk their goats. “Those guys were really extreme in the way they refused to have electricity. They didn't use any modern machines that needed petrol or anything like that. They did everything by hand.”
Currently based in the once-proud industrial city of Lille, Antoine is taking a break after recent trips to Australia and the US, where he has shot some additional photos for Scrublands.
Now that his photography career may see him more reliant on the Internet than ever, I ask Antoine how he views himself — whether he feels part of the city or is slowly edging towards a self-sustained lifestyle of his own.
“I'm still thinking of what would be the best way of leading my daily life without being too dependent on money or cars,” he says. “That's what interested me the most in this project. I really like this idea of being satisfied with the way you live without having to consume too much.”
28. What inspired Antoine to be a photographer
A. His interest in photography.
B. The beautiful gardens in France.
C. His meeting with some strangers.
D. The encouragement from a teacher.
29. What are the characters in Scrublands like
A. They are travel lovers.
B. They live a natural rural life.
C. They prefer to live in modern cities.
D. They want to preserve local culture.
30. What can be learned about the goat farm
A. It is a modern farm.
B. It was set up by a retired teacher.
C. Many visitors go there each year.
D. Basic things are highly valued there.
31. What is Antoine's attitude to a low-cost life
A. Uncaring.
B. Confused.
C. Concerned.
D. Favorable.
D
The amazing and highly effective jumping system of flea beetles is described in a new research article in the journal ZooKeys. Despite having been known since 1929, the explosive jump has so far not been fully understood. By joining forces, a team of Chinese and US scientists tested the existing theories and provided a complete description of the workings behind the amazing jump in flea beetles.
Flea beetles are plant feeders that belong to a huge group of about 9,900 species and occur in various environments worldwide. Most of them live on the upper leaf surface of their host plants, and thus they are exposed to the ever-present danger of various hunters, including birds, ants and spiders. One of their ways to protect themselves is their unbelievable jumps, which allow flea beetles to escape an approaching enemy in an instant.
Using micro-CT scans, 3D reconstructions and high-speed filming data, the scientists showed that the acceleration (加速度) during the jump can reach an explosive peak of 8,650 m/s2. The peak power output of the back legs of the flea beetle peaked at 2.24 × 105 W/kg. This is about 450 times the abilities of the fastest known muscle and 100-200 times that of a powerful rally car engine.
The researchers found that the muscles of the insect's back legs first contract (收缩) and build up elastic (有弹力的) energy inside them. The energy is kept in a structure called a metafemoral spring, while another two structures inside the leg, previously known as “triangular plate” and “elastic plate,” act together as a trigger (扳机) for the jumping system. When the trigger is pulled, the metafemoral spring contracts and releases the stored energy, giving the insect an extraordinarily high acceleration.
In addition, the scientists noted that the jumping system in flea beetles is so efficient that it might be useful in robotics, as well as in engineering. They have also made suggestions for the design of a robotic arm inspired by the studied beetles.
32. What is the main purpose of the new study
A. To advance the flea beetle's use in robotics.
B. To explore how the flea beetle's jump works.
C. To show how flea beetles inspire a robotic arm.
D. To compare the structures in the flea beetle's legs.
33. What is a major challenge for the survival of flea beetles
A. It is easy for natural enemies to find them.
B. They are losing their habitats around the world.
C. Their sources of food are being heavily polluted.
D. Humans are killing them in various environments.
34. What do the figures in Paragraph 3 show
A. The major problems with the acceleration in the jump.
B. The effectiveness of the technologies used in the tests.
C. The basic characteristics of the flea beetle's back legs.
D. The amazing performance of the flea beetle's jumping system.
35. What provides the power in the flea beetle's jump
A. The elastic plate.
B. The triangular plate.
C. The metafemoral spring.
D. The trigger inside the leg.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Take it from nature
Scientists are borrowing ideas from nature to solve tough design problems.
Japan's Shinkansen bullet train sped along the rails at lightning speed. 36 To solve the train's noise trouble, Eiji Nakatsu, an engineer, looked to the kingfisher bird.
Nakatsu noticed that the kingfisher could dive through the air and into the water with barely a splash (落水声). The bird could do this because of its streamlined beak. Nakatsu suggested the train's nose be modeled after the beak. And then the loud noise was gone. 37 “If you want the answer to a tough question, ask nature first. You'll find in the natural world an unbelievable library of solutions,” Nakatsu said.
The science behind nature-inspired inventions is called biomimicry. 38 Since she cofounded the Biomimicry Institute in 2006, she has worked with hundreds of companies to develop products based on nature.
Scientist Brent Constantz was inspired by coral reefs ( 珊瑚礁) to create concrete that's better for the planet. Concrete, made up of cement and sand, is a top building material. The problem Making one ton of concrete produces one ton of CO2.
Constantz decided to borrow an idea from corals. When the tiny animals die, their bones form the foundation for colorful reefs. Saltwater mixes with CO2 to make these formations. To make his concrete, CO2 from power plants is mixed with saltwater. 39 “This is a huge win for the planet,” says Constantz.
The possibilities for copying nature are limitless. 40 That amounts to thousands of lessons lost. “The more we learn from nature, the more we'll want to protect it,” says Constantz.
A. But it makes a loud noise.
B. It is used in bridges and miles upon miles of highways.
C. The process actually removes polluting CO2 from the air.
D. We have to fall in love with all these wonderful creatures.
E. Trouble is, thousands of animals and plants die out each year.
F. Scientist Janine Benyus is a longtime supporter of this branch of science.
G. What's more, the new train travels 10% faster and uses 15% less electricity.
第三部分
语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Scientists from Stanford University are studying a gecko ( 壁虎). It's a(n) 41 animal because it can move up and down a tree and even upside down on ceilings ( 天花板). The scientists are 42 the gecko's feet. They want to use the 43 design on a robot that looks like the gecko. It has four feet and can walk up walls made of glass or plastic, 44 it still has trouble walking upside down.
Animals and plants can 45 humans a lot. Many engineers, scientists, and designers spend time 46 them. When they have a problem, nature often has the 47 . This science is called biomimetics. Biomimeticists study animals and plants in order to 48 their design.
For example, engineers in Canada are studying whale flippers (鲸鱼的鳍) because they move so 49 through water. The engineers believe the shape can 50 the movement of wind turbines (风力机). Similarly, engineers at Mercedes-Benz are 51 the shape of the boxfish to one of their new cars because it makes the car 52 and more fuel efficient.
In 1982 inventor Wilhelm Bartlott got a great idea studying the leaf of a lotus plant. He noticed that water always ran off the leaf. When he had a closer look, he discovered how this 53 . Bartlott copied the leaf 's 54 surface and now you can find it in specialized paint products that don't allow water and dirt to stick to them.
Biomimetics not only has helped to 55 our world but promises many more possibilities.
41. A. hungry B. endangered C. dangerous D. amazing
42. A. interested in B. careful with C. satisfied with D. doubtful about
43. A. last B. whole C. same D. right
44. A. so B. but C. because D. unless
45. A. cost B. affect C. trouble D. teach
46. A. studying B. introducing C. identifying D. collecting
47. A. power B. purpose C. sense D. answer
48. A. discuss B. copy C. simplify D. describe
49. A. effectively B. cautiously C. restlessly D. independently
50. A. follow B. control C. predict D. improve
51. A. attaching B. comparing C. applying D. showing
52. A. heavier B. smarter C. faster D. quieter
53. A. reacted B. worked C. connected D. spread
54. A. hard B. cold C. special D. shiny
55. A. save B. design C. imagine D. rule
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Shanghai Natural History Museum 56. ________ (design) by Perkins&Will was opened in 2015. It is a spiral-shaped shell (螺形的壳体) building 57. ________ covers a total area of 45,257 square meters and consists 58. ________ 6 floors of exhibition space, offices, a hall 30 meters in height filled with natural light entering through a glass wall inspired by the cellular structure of plants and animals, a garden for outdoor exhibits and a 4D theater.
The general 59. ________ (organize) of the inside was inspired by the nautilus shell, one of the most beautiful and complex 60. ________ (shape) found in nature. The outside “spiral” has a sloping grass-covered floor and an outdoor roof garden to make the building 61. ________ (access) from different sides.
The Perkins&Will project takes advantage of bioclimatic, green roof and stands as 62. ________ example of sustainable architecture.
It is a bioclimatic building in that it responds to the sun by 63. ________ (use) an intelligent building skin that maximizes (使……增至最大限度) daylight. The temperature of the building is regulated with a geothermal (地热的) system that uses energy from the earth for heating and cooling. Rain water 64. ________ (collect) from the vegetated roof and stored in the courtyard pool along with recycled grey water. All of the energy features of the museum 65. ________ (be) part of exhibits which explain the story of the museum.
第四部分
写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是李华，你校英文报正举办以“Learning from nature”为主题的征文活动。请你用英语写一篇短文投稿。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Learning from nature
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第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
It's a feeling we all get at some point or another. It's the feeling of low self-confidence, a defeatist attitude and regret. Admitting to the feeling isn't easy, and sometimes you may not even know it's affecting you, but no matter what the case, it has to be taken care of. To deal with it, you need to know how. These tips appear to be simple, but you need to think of how they apply to you.
Stop saying “I should have ...” It's so important to learn from our past and recognize where we went wrong, but you will never be able to feel good about yourself if you're constantly counting those mistakes. Perhaps you really messed up and lost your friends for certain reasons that were totally preventable. Now you're feeling there's a hole in your life because you know something is missing. Rather than dwelling on (老是想着) the reason why something happened and what could have been, find a way to make new friends and surround yourself with people who love you for who you are now.
Remember that there's no such thing as “Perfect”. You'll always be a work in progress, as will every single person on this earth. The key is to use that to your advantage. You may be learning a new language and feel you're really getting the hang of it one day and the next you can't remember a single thing about what you learned the day before. That's okay. If you accept this truth and start clearing the chimney (烟囱) of negative thoughts such as “I'm not good enough” and “I shouldn't try again because I'll fail”, you will feel better.
Stay hungry, stay foolish. Challenge yourself to take chances, to create and to explore who you are. This means not always taking yourself so seriously. You'll find yourself stumbling upon (意外发现) some of the greatest discoveries in your life by accident rather than by design.
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参考答案
21-25 DDABD 26-30 ADCBD
31-35 DBADC 36-40 AGFCE
41-45 DACBD 46-50 ADBAD
51-55 CCBCB
56. designed 57. which / that 58. of 59. organization
60. shapes 61. accessible 62. an 63. using
64. is collected 65. are
写作
第一节
One possible version:
Learning from nature
We are fortunate to have so much of Mother Nature's beauty and splendor all around us. Every aspect of nature has something to teach us. Bees, for example, all participate together to the benefit of all those in their community. Each person is also necessary for a family, community, nation and the world. Let's shoulder our responsibilities and make positive contributions to this world. No matter what storms are passing, it is momentary because beyond the clouds, the sky is always blue and the sun is always shining. Let's hug nature and enjoy its power flowing through our life.
第二节
One possible version:
People should not always sink into negative feelings, and there are ways to deal with them. (要点1) First, instead of repeatedly focusing on past mistakes and regretting, learn to move forward. (要点2) Second, admit the fact that there are no perfect things or perfect people and try to think positively. (要点3) Last, keep trying but don't take everything too seriously, as many things won't turn out as planned. (要点4)
部分解析
阅读
第一节
A篇
主题语境：人与社会——社会与文化
本文是应用文。文章介绍了三个城市旅游的目的地。
21. D。细节理解题。根据Bucharest中的Manuc's Inn ... and it's a journey back in time to when Bucharest was an important trading centre可知，Manuc's Inn会带你回到布加勒斯特曾是商业中心的时代，所以在此游览会帮助你了解当地历史。
22. D。细节理解题。根据Budapest中的the Széchenyi Baths ... are a UNESCO World Heritage site与Sofia中的find time for the Boyana Church. It is a UNESCO World Heritage site可知，这两个地方都被列为联合国教科文组织世界遗产。
23. A。细节理解题。根据Sofia中的You should also take a trip out of the city to explore the Vitosha, a wonderful place for skiing in winter可知，如果你是滑雪爱好者，你可以来到维托沙山。
B篇
主题语境：人与社会——历史
本文是夹叙夹议文。文章回顾了公元前480年那场发生在希腊中部的温泉关战役。
24. B。细节理解题。根据第二段中的He needed to feed and water ... So, he felt a lot of anxiety可知，薛西斯在攻打温泉关的时候，严重的供给问题给他带来很大压力，所以他必须速战速决。
25. D。细节理解题。根据第二段中的But the pass they held was small: only five metres wide和第三段中的The small space meant that the Persians ... Xerxes' force instead had to fight bitterly at close quarters可知，希腊人把守的关口很窄，因此入侵者很难攻下。
26. A。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的That morning Leonidas noticed an enemy army approaching from behind. Caught between two fires, the Greek soldiers had to leave right away可知，在温泉关战役的第三天，希腊军队受到敌人的两面夹击，因此大部分部队决定撤退。between two fires意为“腹背受敌；在两面夹攻中”。
27. D。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的The 300 Spartans were regarded as the true heroes ... There's no doubt that what happened at Thermopylae will continue to inspire可知，温泉关战役中斯巴达勇士的英勇为后人树立了一个勇敢无畏的光辉榜样。
C篇
主题语境：人与自我——生活
本文是说明文。摄影师用相机记录了回归自然的人们的生活。
28. C。细节理解题。根据第一段中的But one encounter in particular became transformative in itself, shaping his path as a photographer可知，Antoine在搭便车的过程中偶遇了一些享受自给自足生活方式的人，这样的经历激发他去当一名摄影师以记录他们的生活。
29. B。推理判断题。根据第二段中的Antoine began seeking out similar communities: people who had lived in the city only to choose a self-sustained rural life和第三段中的It's about modern life and the measures some people will take to get away from it以及下文所举的例子可知，Scrublands里面记录的人物都是远离现代社会、享受乡村生活的人。
30. D。推理判断题。根据第五段中的Those guys were really extreme in the way they refused to have electricity. They didn't use any modern machines that needed petrol or anything like that. They did everything by hand可知，在这个农场，人们排斥现代化的生活，更偏爱原始简单的生活。
31. D。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的I really like this idea of being satisfied with the way you live without having to consume too much可知，Antoine赞成花钱少的生活方式。
D篇
主题语境：人与社会——科学与技术
本文是说明文。科学家经过研究分析揭开了跳甲神奇弹跳能力之谜。
32. B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的The amazing and highly effective jumping system of flea beetles is described in a new research及scientists tested the existing theories and provided a complete description of the workings behind the amazing jump in flea beetles可知，这项研究的主要目的是探索跳甲跳跃的工作原理。
33. A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的Most of them live ... birds, ants and spiders可知，跳甲常生活在植物叶子的表面，所以很容易被天敌发现，这是它们生存面临的主要挑战。
34. D。推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，这些数字具体地表现了跳甲跳跃机制的卓越性能及其跳跃时所爆发的巨大能量。
35. C。细节理解题。根据第四段中的The energy is kept in a structure called a metafemoral spring及When the trigger is pulled, the metafemoral spring contracts and releases the stored energy, giving the insect an extraordinarily high acceleration可知，跳甲跳跃的能量来自其腿部的弹簧，这种弹簧储存着能量，一旦被激活，能量就被释放出来。
第二节
主题语境：人与社会——科学与技术
本文是说明文。文章介绍了科学家是如何从大自然中获取灵感来进行科技创新的。
36. A。设空处与上文构成转折关系，并承接下文。A项中的noise在下文原词复现。
37. G。设空处与上文构成递进关系。G项中的new train指代的是上文中的the train's nose be modeled after the beak。在对火车头进行改进后，不仅噪音消失了，火车的速度还得到了提升，所消耗的能源也相应得到减少。
38. F。下文与设空处构成解释说明关系。下文中的she has worked with hundreds of companies to develop products based on nature是对F项中的Janine Benyus is a longtime supporter of this branch of science的解释说明，this branch of science指代的是上文中的biomimicry。
39. C。下文与设空处构成递进关系。C项中的removes polluting CO2 from the air与下文中的This is a huge win for the planet相呼应，下文中的this指代设空处。
40. E。设空处与上文构成转折关系，与下文构成解释说明关系。下文中的That amounts to thousands of lessons lost是对E项中的thousands of animals and plants die out的进一步解释说明。
语言运用
第一节
主题语境：人与社会——科学与技术
本文是说明文。自然是人类的老师，人类的很多发明创造都能在自然界找到原型。
41. D。根据空后的because it can move up and down a tree and even upside down on ceilings及下文中对科学家研究壁虎的脚而发明机器人的描述可知，壁虎可以在树上爬上爬下，甚至还可以在天花板上倒挂着爬行，所以它们是一种很“神奇的（amazing）”动物。
42. A。43. C。根据本段中的They want to use the ... design on a robot that looks like the gecko可知，科学家对壁虎的脚很“感兴趣（interested in）”。他们想将“同样的（same）”设计原理运用在一款酷似壁虎的机器人上。
44. B。本段中的It has four feet and can walk up walls made of glass or plastic与it still has trouble walking upside down之间是转折关系，故填but。
45. D。46. A。47. D。根据上文中对科学家研究壁虎的脚而发明机器人的描述及本段中的Many engineers, scientists, and designers spend time可知，动植物可以“教会（teach）”人类很多知识。所以很多工程师、科学家及设计人员会花费时间“研究（studying）”它们。当他们遇到问题时，自然通常都有“答案（answer）”。
48. B。根据上下文中对科学家研究动植物然后把一些发现借鉴到自己的设计或发明上的描述可知，仿生学家研究动植物是为了“模仿（copy）”它们的设计。
49. A。50. D。根据上文中对科学家研究壁虎的脚而发明机器人的描述和对仿生学的讲解及本段中的engineers in Canada are studying whale flippers because they move so ... through water和The engineers believe the shape can ...可知，加拿大的工程师研究鲸鱼的鳍是因为鲸鱼在鳍的帮助下可以在水中游得很好，所以第49空应该填一个表示“好”的副词，四个选项中只有effectively符合此意。工程师相信鲸鱼鳍的形状能够“提升（improve）”风力机的运转。
51. C。根据本段中对加拿大工程师研究鲸鱼鳍的描述及Similarly可知，奔驰公司的工程师也在新车车身的设计上“借鉴了（applying）”boxfish的形状。
52. C。根据空后的more fuel efficient可知，第52空应填一个与汽车使用更高效有关的形容词，四个选项中只有faster符合语境。
53. B。54. C。根据本段中的He noticed that water always ran off the leaf和When he had a closer look, he discovered how this ...及Bartlott copied the leaf 's ... stick to them可知，Wilhelm Bartlott注意到了莲花的叶子，当他走近查看时发现了它的“工作（worked）”原理。Wilhelm Bartlott模仿了莲花叶子表面的“特殊（special）”构造，并把该构造运用到了涂料产品的生产上。
55. B。根据上文中列举出的仿生学中各种模仿动植物的设计案例可知，仿生学不仅帮助我们“设计（design）”生活中的各种东西，也给我们的未来带来了无限的可能。
第二节
主题语境：人与自然——环境保护
本文是说明文。文章介绍了上海自然博物馆。
56. designed。考查动词-ed形式作定语。设空处作后置定语，修饰Shanghai Natural History Museum，且design和Shanghai Natural History Museum之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填designed。
57. which / that。考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词building，且在从句中作主语，故填which或that。
58. of。考查介词。consist of是固定搭配，意为“由……组成”，故填of。
59. organization。考查名词。设空处在句中作主语，应用其名词形式，故填organization。
60. shapes。考查名词复数。“one of +形容词最高级+名词复数”意为“最……的其中之一”，故填shapes。
61. accessible。考查形容词。make后面跟由形容词构成的复合结构，表示“使某物怎么样”，符合此处语境，故填accessible。
62. an。考查冠词。example是可数名词，在此处表示泛指，前面应加不定冠词，又因为该词是元音音素开头，故填an。
63. using。考查动词-ing形式作宾语。设空处作介词by的宾语，故填using。
64. is collected。考查一般现在时的被动语态。设空处在句中作谓语，且collect和Rain water之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，又因为该句描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，故填is collected。
65. are。考查主谓一致。设空处是系动词，其主语是All of the energy features，故填are。