人教版（2019） 选择性必修第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction Reading and Thinking 基础练（含答案）

Unit 1 Science Fiction Reading and Thinking
基础练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Are you carrying any items that need to ________ (declare)
2．We'll be ________ (arrive) by car about ten o'clock on Friday night.
3．By the side of the temple there ________ (stand) the Druggist Pagoda.
4．The new robot is going to ________ (test) out by Larry's wife, Claire.
5．Jack didn't answer my question and his________ (face) expression didn't change.
6．The boy felt ________ (embarrass) at his mistaking a stranger for his teacher.
7．I think both of them will be glad ________ (accompany) our honored guest.
8．People are discouraged from participating in too many on site ________ (appointment) in order to stop further spread of the virus.
9．They ________ (suspend) the delivery so far as they have to check the quality of their goods.
10．It is better ________ (dismiss) the player as he often makes trouble and doesn't work hard.
Ⅱ.选词填空
test out, more like, similar to, the same as, experiment on, in comparison with, conflict with, turn around
1．Let us suppose another planet with conditions ____________ those on the earth.
2．The man ____________， and I recognised him as a former classmate.
3．Scientists ____________ rats in order to discover facts about human behaviour.
4．The students ____________ their cost cutting ideas in several companies.
5．The opening speeches sounded ____________ declarations of war than offerings of peace.
6．The statements they gave to the police ____________ each other.
7．The tallest buildings here are small ____________ those of New York.
8．I had to remind myself that being confident is not ____________ being perfect!
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Larry's wife Claire didn't agree at first that Tony, a household robot 1.________ (produce) by Larry's company, would be tested out by her, especially when her husband was on a business trip. 2.________ (eventual), she accepted because her husband convinced her that the robot could prevent her 3.________ (harm). But the next day, Claire felt particularly embarrassed by Tony's behaviour, which was 4.________ (annoy). As time 5.________ (go) by, the more Tony helped Claire, 6.________ more she began to trust and admire him. Tony showed sympathy for Claire, 7.________ (help) her improve her image, make her home more elegant and deal with tough problems. 8.________ was surprising was that Tony saved Claire in an emergency. She felt the warmth of Tony and the two might fall in love 9.________ each other, which resulted in Tony's 10.________ (unwilling) to leave.
能力综合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
The 3 Best Marvel Films Ranked!
It seems that ranking films well is always a tough task. In the hearts of millions of fans, everyone has his own choice. Superhero films are even more so. Recently, The Guardian (卫报) has selected three of the most popular Marvel films.
No. 3 Blade Ⅱ
This film continues the story of an earlier 1998's Blade and is directed by Guillermo. The story once again concerns the mysterious daywalker, played by Wesley Snipes. It is an action film full of high technology and the fighting scenes Guillermo expresses are horribly exciting.Not a typical superhero film, in many ways, but a great one.
No. 2 Black Panther
This superb film is an entertaining adventure, with a richer component of fantasy than the other Marvel films. The character of Black Panther is established as one of Marvel's greatest heroes. It is a big hit across the board. It also employs Rachel Morrison who is MCU's first woman cinematographer, a photographer who operates a movie camera. Marvel Studios' president, Kevin Feige, has promised to get more women writers and directors on board. So far, the only Marvel female writer is Nicole Perlman for Guardians of the Galaxy.
No. 1 Thor: Ragnarok
It is smart, visually exciting and perhaps above all, funny. And it's funny in a way that only Marvel films can be. It suggests that to some degree comedy can be an important part of the drama. Taika Waititi was an inspired choice as director. Hemsworth plays the role of Thor and Cate Blanchett plays Hela, the goddess of death who also happens to be Thor's half sister.
1．According to The Guardian, which film ranks first
A．Blade Ⅱ．
B．Black Panther.
C．Guardians of the Galaxy.
D．Thor: Ragnarok.
2．What do we know from the passage
A．Ranking superhero films is easy.
B．BladeⅡ is a typical superhero film.
C.Nicole Perlman is the only Marvel female writer so far.
D．Taika Waititi, Hemsworth and Cate Blanchett act in one film.
3．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage
A.To introduce some superhero films.
B．To advertise for some superhero films.
C．To comment on the Marvel's history.
D．To advise people to learn from heroes.
B
Modern day robots may not be as entertaining as R2 D2 or the robot from Lost in Space, but robots are very important to space exploration and are being used in a variety of different ways for several important reasons.
Robots make great explorers on planets, the moon, and other landing areas. Aside from the earth, just about every surface in the solar system is unsafe for humans to explore. The air on most other planets is not adequate for humans to breathe, making it necessary to wear a space suit and oxygen equipment. The temperatures on these surfaces are much too hot or much too cold for any humans to withstand. Plus there would be complications with radiation, weather, and a lack of gravity. Robots have much less limitation in these areas and can survive much longer under these conditions.
Robots are designed for collecting scientific data. Robots are also able to perform many tasks at one time and can process information much quicker and more efficiently. Important scientific projects from detecting minerals, analyzing ground samples, to finding water are all performed much quicker and more accurately by robots.
The use of robots has made the cost of space exploration much less expensive than it would cost for humans to do the work. In order to successfully send humans into space we would need to build a vehicle that can not only carry humans, but also enough food and water to keep them alive for the duration of the trip. Moreover, robots have no problems working for hours on end. Robots never complain, they don't require food or water, and they never need a bathroom break.
Over the past 30 years or so there have been many different types of robots used successfully in the exploration of space. Perhaps the most famous and successful robots are Spirit and Opportunity who have both been exploring the surface of Mars. They have both been very successful with experiments on soil and rocks and have even found evidence of water in Mars' history.
4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．The Development of Robots
B．The Discovery of Space Exploration
C．No Robots, No Space Exploration
D．Robots Are Used in Space Exploration
5．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true
A.The use of robots in space exploration costs more than the use of humans.
B．It is dangerous for humans to explore other surfaces in the solar system except the earth.
C．Both Spirit and Opportunity have found the evidence of water in Mars' history.
D．Many different types of robots have explored the space successfully.
6．What does the underlined word “withstand” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean
A．Remain. B．Bear.
C．Defeat. D．Develop.
7．What is the writer's attitude in this passage
A．Negative. B．Persuasive.
C．Subjective. D．Objective.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Chocolate is popular with people around. Hot chocolate has been used for many years to treat diseases and fight bad moods. It's known as a special healthy drink from the 16th to 19th centuries, and sometimes was taken as a medicine. __1__. Let's enjoy the following health benefits of drinking hot chocolate.
__2__. Drinking hot chocolate can help improve your brain power and improve your overall brain health. The flavonoids (黄酮) increase the blood flow and oxygen to your brain helping you think better. If you want to improve your memory, try drinking two cups of hot chocolate a day.
It contains more antioxidants (抗氧化剂). __3__， so drinking hot chocolate is a better way to get chocolate's powerful antioxidants than drinking green tea and wine. Hot chocolate contains a little bit more antioxidants than a bar of chocolate, which are released when the drink is heated up.
It improves your mood. Chocolate, including hot chocolate, is a well known mood adjuster. __4__. Hot chocolate contributes to the release of a beneficial chemical, which helps to improve your mood and make you feel happier.
It's good for your heart health. The flavonoids found in hot chocolate are good for your heart health. __5__. Choose healthy hot chocolate and be sure to drink it in moderation. Remember, chocolate itself contains sugar and fat, so you can't allow yourself to drink more than two cups a day.
A．It can help you lose weight
B．It improves your brain health
C.This tasty drink helps fight stress, anxiety and depression
D．Hot chocolate contains more antioxidants than green tea and wine
E．Flavonoids reduce the risk of heart disease by lowering blood pressure
F.Drinking hot chocolate helps prevent the absorption of nutrition from other foods
G．Now, people don't consider hot chocolate as a medicine but drink it even more than ever
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
[2023·安徽省阜阳市高三二月质量检测]
On February 14, 2021, Austin resident Ryan Sivley was on his way to the neighborhood store to stock up on some goods 1.________ he noticed many vehicles trapped on the icy roadside. “It was like a sea of cars，” he told the Washington Post. “Some people 2.________ (stick) in snowbanks and ditches(沟渠).”
3．________ (fortunate), Sivley owned a four wheel drive, which was fully equipped with hooks, chains and recovery tow straps (拖带), and capable of pulling over 40, 000 pounds. He got down to offering help. In most 4.________ (case). Sivley secured the vehicle to his truck and towed it to an area where the owner could safely drive away. However, in some instances, 5.________ 40 year old man pulled the cars all the way to the final destination. By the end of the day, the effort to help a few stuck vehicles had turned into a full on rescue. “I went from helping one person to three people, to five people，” Sivley said. “At 434 cars, I stopped 6.________ (count). So many people were still trapped and they seemed 7.________ (hope).”
Actually, 8.________ would have been enough for most people was just a start for Sivley. Over the week, he transported hundreds of healthcare workers to and from work. As news of his 9.________ (generous) spread, other truck owners reached out, and Sivley was soon managing a network of rescuers. While some people helped pay for the gas, Sivley never asked 10.________ (compensate) for all his hard work!
基础练
Ⅰ.
1．be declared　2.arriving　3.stands　4.be tested　5.facial　6.embarrassed　7.to accompany　8.appointments
9．have suspended　10.to dismiss
Ⅱ.
1．similar to　2.turned around　3.experimented on
4．tested out　5.more like　6.conflicted with
7．in comparison with　8.the same as
Ⅲ.
1．答案与解析：produced　此处是过去分词作后置定语，修饰a household robot，故填produced。
2．答案与解析：Eventually　修饰句子使用副词，eventually adv.最后；终于。
3．答案与解析：being harmed　空格处意思是“使她免受伤害”，故用被动形式。prevent sb. (from) doing sth.阻止某人做某事，为固定搭配。
4．答案与解析：annoying　which指代前面的句子，空格处指这件事令人心烦，故用annoying。
5．答案与解析：went　此处表示“随着时间的流逝”，as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”，并且和全文时态一致，用过去式。
6．答案与解析：the　此处是固定句式“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”，意为“越……，越……”。
7．答案与解析：helping　此处是现在分词短语作状语，故填helping。
8．答案与解析：What　what引导主语从句，且在主语从句中作主语。
9．答案与解析：with　此处是固定搭配fall in love with sb.，意为“爱上某人”。
10．答案与解析：unwillingness　介词in后面接名词或者动名词，故填unwillingness。
能力综合练
Ⅰ.
A
1．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“Recently, The Guardian has selected three of the most popular Marvel films.”以及“No. 1 Thor: Ragnarok”可知，《卫报》选出了三部最受欢迎的漫威系列电影， Thor: Ragnarok排名第一。
2．答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据No.2 Black Panther部分中的“So far, the only Marvel female writer is Nicole Perlman for Guardians of the Galaxy.”可知，妮可·帕尔曼是迄今为止唯一的漫威女作家。
3．答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Superhero films are even more so. Recently, The Guardian has selected three of the most popular Marvel films.”以及下文对三部电影的介绍可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍一些超级英雄电影。
B
4．答案与解析：D　主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“... but robots are very important to space exploration and are being used in a variety of different ways for several important reasons.”并结合下文可知， 本文主要介绍了机器人正用于太空探索， 故D项正确。
5．答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The use of robots has made the cost of space exploration much less expensive than it would cost for humans to do the work.”可知， 用机器人进行太空探索比人类从事这项工作花费更少， 故选A项。
6．答案与解析：B　词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“The temperatures on these surfaces are much too hot or much too cold for any humans to...”可知， 温度太高或太低， 人类都无法忍受， 可知画线词意为“忍受”， 故B项正确。
7．答案与解析：D　推理判断题。纵观全文可知， 作者只是客观地介绍了机器人在太空探索中的应用， 并没有带任何感彩， 故D项正确。
Ⅱ.
1．答案与解析：G　空格前一句“It's known as a special healthy drink from the 16th to 19th centuries, and sometimes was taken as a medicine.”在16到19世纪，热巧克力被认为是一种特殊的健康饮品，有时人们会把巧克力当成药物。G项“Now，people don't consider hot chocolate as a medicine but drink it even more than ever”和语境一致，说明人们对热巧克力功能看法的变化。
2．答案与解析：B　空处是本段的主题句，空后一句“Drinking hot chocolate can help improve your brain power and improve your overall brain health.”告诉我们热巧克力可以提高我们的脑力并改善大脑健康。B项“It improves your brain health”与上下文语境一致。
3．答案与解析：D　空前一句“It contains more antioxidants(抗氧化剂).”告诉我们巧克力含有更多抗氧化剂，空后一句告诉我们喝热巧克力比喝绿茶和酒摄取的抗氧化剂多，D项“Hot chocolate contains more antioxidants than green tea and wine”符合上下文语境。
4．答案与解析：C　本段主要告诉我们热巧克力可以改善人们的情绪，C项“This tasty drink helps fight stress，anxiety and depression”与本段主题“It improves your mood.”一致，符合上下文语境。
5．答案与解析：E　空前一句“The flavonoids found in hot chocolate are good for your heart health.”告诉我们热巧克力里的黄酮素对于心脏健康有好处。E项“Flavonoids reduce the risk of heart disease by lowering blood pressure”是对前句的解释，符合上下文语境。
Ⅲ.
1．答案与解析：when　考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知，该空引导的是一个状语从句，此处表示“在那时突然”，故此处用连接副词when引导该从句。
2．答案与解析：were stuck　考查动词的时态和语态。根据空前一句中的谓语动词was可知，此处叙述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时，又因为主语Some people与动词stick存在动宾关系，故此处用一般过去时的被动语态。
3．答案与解析：Fortunately　考查副词。此处用所给形容词的副词修饰整个句子，作状语，首字母大写。
4．答案与解析：cases　考查名词的数。句意：在大多数情况下。斯韦利把车固定在他的卡车上，并把它拖到车主可以安全离开的地方。case是可数名词，根据空前的修饰词most可知，此处用所给名词的复数。
5．答案与解析：the　考查冠词。句意：然而，在某些情况下，这名40岁的男子将汽车一路拉到最终目的地。the 40 year old man指上文提到的Sivley。
6．答案与解析：counting　考查非谓语动词。stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”，为常用搭配。
7．答案与解析：hopeless　考查形容词。句意：那么多人仍然被困，他们看起来绝望了。根据句意可知，此处指“人们感到绝望”，故用所给名词的形容词 hopeless作表语。
8．答案与解析：what　考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，该空引导的是一个主语从句，从句缺少主语，指事情，故此处用连接代词what。
9．答案与解析：generosity　考查词性转换。根据空前的形容词性物主代词his可知，此处用所给形容词的名词作宾语。
10．答案与解析：to be compensated　考查非谓语动词。本句有谓语asked，故用非谓语动词；ask to do意为“要求做某事”，又因为 Sivley与compensate存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处用不定式的被动形式作宾语。