外研版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit 6 Space and beyond 单元测试题（含答案）
文档属性
| 名称 | 外研版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit 6 Space and beyond 单元测试题（含答案） |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 36.2KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-04-15 22:06:01 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
Unit 6 Space and beyond
第一部分 听力（略）
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
“Canada Green” sprouts and covers your lawn super-fast in just 10 days!
Amazing new grass seed mixture guarantees you a green lawn (草坪) in all four seasons, in every climate!
Before: Grass is brown, dead or dying, with many bare spots and weeds.
After: In just 10 days, a thick, green, beautiful lawn you'll be proud of!
So easy to transform!
No preparation. Just broadcast seed, water or let nature do it. Your grass starts growing in just 5 days!
Even grows in impossible spots: problem areas that are bare, shady, weedy or hilly!
Quickly carpets 1,000 square feet. Just $19.95!
Don't be caught without a beautiful green lawn-order today!
Yes! The incredibly hardy grass that's proven (证明) itself on golf courses throughout the U.S.A. and Canada is now available to you! And it grows so quickly and easily:
Tolerates extreme temperatures from 120 ℉ to 40 ℉ below zero!
So hardy, it stays green through heavy foot traffic, drought, heat, cold, even under heavy snow!
Saves you from work by crowding out weeds.
Order today with an unconditional money-back guarantee! (less shipping & handling)
Call now! 1-800-207-1800
You can choose grass seeds that cover the following:
1,000 sq. ft. only $19.95 (2 lbs) plus $6.95 S & H. Total $26.90
3,000 sq. ft. only $34.95 (6 lbs) plus $9.95 S & H. Total $44.90
Save! 6,000 sq. ft. $59.95 (12 lbs) plus $10.95 S & H. Total $70.90
Super value! 9,000 sq. ft. $90.00 (18 lbs) Free S & H.
21. What do we know about “Canada Green” grass
A. It gets brown in cold weather.
B. It fails to grow outside Canada.
C. It fully covers the lawn in just 5 days.
D. It has a good tolerance to heavy foot traffic.
22. How much does it cost in total to buy grass seeds that cover 1, 000 square feet
A. $19.95. B. $26.90. C. $34.95. D. $44.90.
23. What is the text mainly about
A. How to plant grass seeds.
B. How to weed your garden.
C. A grass seed advertisement.
D. An introduction to grass seeds.
B
Having been a middle school teacher for 25 years, I like to think that I've taught students the importance of good citizenship. But regardless of what I like to think, it seems that my students teach me.
One morning, I was running so late that by the time I reached the last intersection (十字路口) before my school, traffic was at a standstill. What was really exasperating was that I could see the school. Had I been able to climb out of my car and walk, I might have arrived on time.
Up ahead, the turn lane into the school's parking lot was empty. If I could just turn to the right, the only thing between me and the turn lane was a large field. It was rocky, and the grass was quite tall. But as I sat in my motionless car and saw all those car lights winking ( 闪烁) at me, I heard that field call to me. I nosed the car out of the line of traffic and headed for that open land. Evidently there was a law. And evidently I had broken it. An officer came up to my open window, and I handed him my license without even looking at him.
He asked, “Ma'am What's going on ” I said, “Well, I overslept, and ... I just wanted to get to school. I have to ...”
“So you're a teacher ” he interrupted.
“Yes, I try ... and ... I just needed to be on time.”
I heard the police officer say it again: “You wanted to be on time because you're a good teacher.”
At that point he paused before adding, “You were when I had you.”
And then I did look at him. I read the name badge on his chest. A former seventh-grade student of mine.
He gave me a warning — not too dissimilar from the ones I'd given him years ago — and sent me on my way. And at last I arrived at my classroom, already schooled once that morning and wondering what I would learn next.
24. What does the underlined word “exasperating” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Exciting. B. Satisfying. C. Surprising. D. Discouraging.
25. What did the author do when she was stuck in traffic
A. She called the police to help her.
B. She took a shortcut to avoid traffic.
C. She left her car and walked to school.
D. She waited patiently in her car all along.
26. What did the police officer do
A. He guided the author out of the traffic.
B. He took the author to the police station.
C. He warned the author about breaking the rules.
D. He turned a blind eye to the author's behavior.
27. What can we learn about the author
A. She learned a lesson from her student.
B. She didn't recognize the police officer at all.
C. She wasn't allowed to leave by the police officer.
D. She asked the police officer to bend the rules for her.
C
In just over a decade, China National Space Administration (CNSA) has sent a host of spacecraft to the Moon as part of the Chang'e program. In late 2007, China launched its first Moon-exploring spacecraft, Chang'e-1. By 2009, the lunar orbiter had completed its primary goal of mapping the surface to look for landing sites for future landers. In 2010, another orbiter named Chang'e-2 followed, and accomplished a similar set of objectives.
In 2013, CNSA launched Chang'e-3, which was their first attempt to land a spacecraft on the lunar surface. By the end of the year, Chang'e-3 had done just that, making China the third country to make a soft landing on the Moon.
Chang'e-3 achieved another milestone when it deployed ( 部署) a rover named Yutu on the Moon's surface. The rover encountered operational difficulties toward the end of the second lunar day after surviving ( 幸存) and recovering from the first 14-day lunar night. It was unable to move after the end of the second lunar night, though it continued to gather useful information for some months afterward. Thanks to its ability to visually analyze the lunar surface, Yutu helped researchers discover a new type of volcanic rock that is rich in a black mineral called ilmenite.
With a lander and rover designed much like Chang'e-3, the Chang'e-4 mission launched in December 2018 and arrived at the Moon just a few days into 2019. “According to the measurements of Chang'e-4, the temperature of the shallow layer of the lunar soil on the far side of the Moon is lower than the data obtained by the U.S. Apollo mission on the near side of the Moon,” said Zhang He, executive director of the Chang'e-4 mission. “That's probably due to the difference in lunar soil composition between the two sides of the Moon,” she said.
The Chang'e-4 lander also came equipped with a mini-biosphere (微型生物圈) experiment. Within just a few days of landing, Chang'e-4 returned an image of a container that showed its cotton seeds had sprouted (发芽). They continued to grow for about a week, but eventually gave in to the freezing temperatures, dying as lunar day turned to night.
On December 17, 2020, Chang'e-5 returned to Earth loaded with a sample of the lunar surface for the first time in decades. Then China will move on to Chang'e-6, and 7, and ...
28. What might be a mission of Chang'e-2
A. Placing Yutu on the Moon.
B. Landing a spacecraft on the Moon.
C. Finding potential landing sites on the Moon.
D. Mapping the distribution of landers on the Moon.
29. What can be learned about Yutu
A. It could distinguish different minerals.
B. It helped researchers discover a new mineral.
C. It could move during the whole Chang'e-3 mission.
D. It had difficulty recovering from the first lunar night.
30. Which of the following is a discovery of Chang'e-4
A. Cotton could survive the lunar night.
B. Cotton could grow well on the far side of the Moon.
C. The Moon's soil temperature varies between its two sides.
D. The Moon's soil composition varies between its two sides.
31. What is the best title for the text
A. Exploring the Moon: China's Chang'e missions
B. China launches sample return mission to the Moon
C. The next frontier: Prospecting and mining on the Moon
D. Lunar mission is latest milestone in China's space exploration
D
SpaceX's mission to Mars could take place in as little as four years' time, according to founder and CEO Elon Musk. “I think we have a fighting chance of making that second Mars transfer window,” Musk told Mars Society founder Dr. Robert Zubrin in a recent video call. The “transfer window” Musk refers to is a window of opportunity to go to Mars in 2024.
Launch windows for missions to Mars are determined by the Earth's optimal ( 最佳的) position in orbit as it relates to Mars, with the window opening around every 780 days. The next launch window, which SpaceX is planning to miss, will take place in 2022.
This launch will make use of the SpaceX Starship vehicle currently under development in SpaceX's South Texas site. It's designed as a rocket-and-spacecraft combo (组合) for transporting goods and humans. But while SpaceX is ambitious, the Starship is not quite ready yet. Musk indicated SpaceX would “probably lose a few ships” before development on the Starship was sturdy ( 结实的) enough to carry humans to Mars. The vehicle is currently in the very early testing stage, with early models expected to be in orbit by 2021 if everything goes according to plan.
Musk's vision for a SpaceX Mars trip is clear, but there is potential for the date to change, with Musk indicating the 2024 date is just a guess. With the Starship still so early in development, it's likely this timeline could be pushed back even further to the next Mars launch window or beyond.
As it stands, the 2024 Mars mission isn't designed to set up the Mars colony Musk has often spoken about, but it will focus on simpler tasks such as carrying goods and taking humans to and from the red planet.
“SpaceX is taking on the biggest single challenge, which is the transportation system. There're all sorts of other systems that are going to be needed,” Zubrin said in his chat to Musk.
32. What did Musk tell Zubrin about the mission to Mars
A. His team will try to give it a go in 2024.
B. His team will make use of every launch window.
C. His team will figure out the optimal launch position.
D. His team will land on Mars during the next transfer window.
33. What do we know about the “transfer window” in the text
A. It opens every four years.
B. It is the best chance to go to Mars.
C. It is in SpaceX's South Texas site.
D. It refers to a window on a spacecraft.
34. How is the Starship going at the moment
A. It has been widely used.
B. It is in the development stage.
C. It has gone through some test flights.
D. It is sturdy enough to carry astronauts to Mars.
35. What is the aim of SpaceX's Mars mission
A. To build the Mars colony.
B. To improve spacecraft to be sent to Mars.
C. To set up a space station in orbit around Mars.
D. To take humans and goods to and from Mars.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
New invention to get astronauts moving in space
NASA says that astronauts can lose as much as 10% of their bone density (骨密度) when they're in space. That's because there is no gravity for their bodies to push against. 36 It is a machine that allows them to jump in zero gravity.
Jumping in zero gravity would help build up bone density and muscle mass rather than astronauts losing this while in space. 37 This is to maintain (维持) a healthy lifestyle and prevent them from losing too much muscle and bone density. John Kennett, the engineer of this project, says that his machine would cut the workouts down to just six minutes a day! It will allow astronauts to take part in a short but intense workout designed to build both muscle mass and bone density.
John says that jumping is important to maintain good bone density. 38 So he thinks his invention is the perfect solution.
Former NASA astronaut Leroy Chiao says that exercising while in space is very important for a successful recovery once back on earth. He says he would welcome shorter workouts to ensure other duties on the spacecraft can still be completed. 39 “When you're jumping on this you can really feel it from your toes right through your shoulders,” she says.
Experts say this machine could also save much-needed space on board. 40 And it's hoped it will join some astronauts in space by 2024!
A. However, jumping in zero gravity is really hard.
B. Now, astronauts don't spend much time exercising.
C. Next year the machine will be tested in zero gravity.
D. Some people wonder whether the machine will work in space.
E. At the moment astronauts spend up to two hours a day, six days a week exercising.
F. Tess Morris-Paterson, who has been testing the machine, says the workout gives her full-body benefits.
G. An engineer from London has found the solution to keeping astronauts fit and healthy in space.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Throughout history, women have made significant contributions to the world of science, and NASA astronaut Christina Koch just added her own 41 to the list.
The electrical engineer from Livingston, Montana, arrived at the International Space Station on March 14, 2019. Her mission was 42 supposed to last six months, but NASA 43 her stay to study the effects of long spaceflights on the body.
On December 28, Christina reached 289 days in space, setting a 44 record for the longest single spaceflight by a woman! And she was not 45 yet. Her plan was to remain on board until February, which would bring her total to 328 days.
Former space station commander Peggy Whitson set the 46 record of 288 days in 2017 and 47 Christina to hit this incredible 48 .
“Having the 49 to be up here for so long is truly an honor,” Christina said. “Peggy is a 50 of mine and has also been 51 enough to mentor (指导) me through the years.”
Better still, this isn't the 52 time Christina's made history! In October 2019, she and fellow astronaut Jessica Meir 53 the first all-female spacewalk. Together, she and Jessica spent over seven hours fixing a power controller outside the station.
“Do what scares you. Everyone should think about what intrigues you and what 54 you,” she said. “It can be 55 for you personally, and it usually means that you're giving something back to the world in the maximum way possible.”
41. A. achievement B. requirement
C. encouragement D. judgment
42. A. still B. again C. even D. only
43. A. covered B. lengthened C. legalized D. cut
44. A. new B. personal C. monthly D. local
45. A. experienced B. failed C. finished D. honored
46. A. previous B. combined C. final D. daily
47. A. ordered B. allowed C. followed D. helped
48. A. market B. milestone C. field D. campaign
49. A. ability B. opportunity C. freedom D. talent
50. A. speaker B. student C. heroine D. neighbor
51. A. kind B. strong C. brave D. influential
52. A. same B. real C. last D. first
53. A. took care of B. took part in
C. looked out for D. looked forward to
54. A. happens to B. adapts to C. appeals to D. belongs to
55. A. adequate B. rewarding C. safe D. convenient
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I just got back from a trip to the Beijing Ancient Observatory, which was a great experience. The Observatory 56. ________ (date) back to 1442. It's one of the oldest observatories in the world. Astronomers used it during the Ming and Qing 57. ________ (dynasty). Later on in the 1600s, priests visited China, and many of them stayed. They brought “modern” astronomical instruments 58. ________ them.
The Observatory, on a platform about 50 feet high, is 59. ________ (actual) built on part of the old Ming dynasty wall that once upon a time surrounded Beijing. The eight instruments 60. ________ (display) on this platform date back to the Qing dynasty.
There are many busts ( 半 身 像) of famous Chinese astronomers throughout the courtyard like Xu Guangqi, 61. ________ worked with Matteo Ricci and Sabatino de Ursis to translate Western texts into Chinese. Besides, he was asked by the Emperor 62. ________ (reform) the Chinese calendar. This was the first major collaboration between Eastern 63. ________ Western scientists. There is also Zhang Heng. He invented the world's first water-powered armillary sphere (浑天仪) and first seismometer.
It's really 64. ________ (interest) to see the kinds of astronomical observations that 65. ________ (make) hundreds of years ago — but it's also exciting to think about the things we are able to measure and study today!
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是李华，你校英语俱乐部将组织主题为“遨游太空”的英文绘本制作大赛。请你给你的交换生朋友Grace写一封邮件，邀请她参加比赛。内容包括：
1. 比赛目的和时间；2. 作品要求；3. 邀请她参加比赛。
注意：写作词数应为80左右。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“Hi, Boris!” Chris smiles when he looks around the wooden door to Boris's studio.
Boris is an artist. He melts bronze rods ( 棒) to make metal bird sculptures. Chris knows to stand back when Boris works with his torch (喷灯) and hot metals. From the doorway, he watches Boris add detail to the bronze wing of a gull that looks so real Chris thinks it could fly.
Boris turns off the torch. “Come in, Chris,” he says. “Have you ever seen a sidehill gouger ” “No. What is it ” Chris asks. “This is a sidehill gouger,” Boris answers. Chris smiles in wonder and appreciation. “I don't think I've ever seen a sidehill gouger before, Boris,” he says.
“I used to see these birds all the time when I was a child in Russia,” Boris begins. Chris sits safely back on Boris's huge workbench and watches Boris melt a piece of bronze into a flat circle the size of a quarter. Boris then cuts two bronze legs from a thin rod, making one leg much longer than the other. He forms a round body. He attaches several straight pieces to make the tail. Boris adds tiny bronze drops for feathers and stretches a piece of hot metal into a neck, head, and pointed beak.
“They lived on hillsides, which is why they have one leg longer than the other,” Boris continues. “Gougers walk with their long leg downhill, to make getting around the hill easier. For fun we used to catch them. Do you know how to catch a sidehill gouger, Chris ”
Chris thinks for a minute. He imagines the gouger walking along a hillside, its long leg downhill. Wouldn't a bird with such strange legs be lopsided (倾向一方的) Chris wonders if Boris is pulling his leg, but Boris looks completely serious.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
“You get in front of the sidehill gouger so that it has to turn around,” says Boris. ______________________________________
The bronze sidehill gouger has cooled, and Boris gives it to Chris.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
21-25 DBCDB 26-30 CACAC
31-35 AABBD 36-40 GEAFC
41-45 ADBAC 46-50 ADBBC 51-55 ADBCB
56. dates 57. dynasties 58. with 59. actually
60. displayed 61. who 62. to reform 63. and
64. interesting 65. were made
写作
第一节
One possible version:
Dear Grace,
To develop students' imagination, creativity and ability to express themselves in English, the English Club is going to organize an English picture book contest, whose theme is space travel.
The contest will last from March 5th to April 5th. The participants are required to create a picture book with a front and back cover, title page and text pages. The work can be handmade or digital.
I hope you can take part in the event, and we can co-create a picture book if you like. I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
One possible version:
“You get in front of the sidehill gouger so that it has to turn around,” says Boris. Chris listens carefully to what Boris is talking about. A funny picture forms in his mind. Boris continues. “And then you run after the gouger when it has its short leg downhill. They are very easy to catch then.” Boris breaks into one of his wonderful smiles, and Chris laughs. Now he knows that Boris is kidding. But he loves the idea of the gouger walking around the hill, short leg down.
The bronze sidehill gouger has cooled, and Boris gives it to Chris. It feels heavy and valuable and Chris wonders if this is how gold feels. Boris turns back toward the bird sculpture he was working on when Chris first arrived. Chris holds the sidehill gouger carefully. “Thank you, Boris,” Chris says. He says goodbye to Boris and runs back home as fast as he can. He can't wait to ask his mom and dad if they know how to catch a sidehill gouger. He believes they will have a good laugh when they find the answer.
部分解析
阅读
第一节
A篇
主题语境：人与自我——生活
本文是应用文。文章为一则介绍Canada Green草籽的广告。
21. D。细节理解题。根据So hardy, it stays green through heavy foot traffic可知，这种草耐践踏。
22. B。细节理解题。根据1,000 sq. ft. only $19.95 (2 lbs) plus $6.95 S & H. Total $26.90可知，可以覆盖1,000平方英尺的草籽总共需花费26.90美元。
23. C。推理判断题。根据文章标题“Canada Green” sprouts and covers super - fast in just 10 days!及文中的Order today和Call now!可知，本文为一则销售草籽的广告。
B篇
主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习
本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者违反交通规则并接受教育的故事。
24. D。词义猜测题。根据第二段中的I was running so late that by the time I reached the last intersection before my school, traffic was at a standstill ... I could see the school可知，作者快到达学校的时候却遭遇了堵车，最令她沮丧的是她已经能看到学校了却无法快速到达。
25. B。推理判断题。根据第三段中的I nosed the car out of the line of traffic and headed for that open land可知，作者遭遇堵车后为了避免迟到走了捷径。
26. C。推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中的You wanted to be on time because you're a good teacher和倒数第三段中的 You were when I had you以及最后一段中的He gave me a warning — not too dissimilar from the ones I'd given him years ago可知，这位警官警告作者要始终践行师者风范，严格遵守交通规则。
27. A。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的And at last I arrived at my classroom, already schooled once that morning and wondering what I would learn next可知，作者接受了自己学生的教育。
C篇
主题语境：人与自然——宇宙探索
本文是说明文。文章简要介绍了中国探月工程的发展历程。
28. C。细节理解题。根据第一段中的China launched its first Moon-exploring spacecraft, Chang'e-1 ... completed its primary goal of mapping the surface to look for landing sites for future landers和another orbiter named Chang'e-2 followed, and accomplished a similar set of objectives可知，嫦娥二号和嫦娥一号的任务基本一致，其中一项是为未来的着陆器寻找着陆区。
29. A。推理判断题。根据第三段中的Thanks to its ability to visually analyze the lunar surface, Yutu helped researchers discover a new type of volcanic rock that is rich in a black mineral called ilmenite可知，玉兔号月球车能够分辨出月球表面不同的矿物质。
30. C。细节理解题。根据第四段中的According to the measurements of Chang'e4, the temperature of the shallow layer of the lunar soil on the far side of the Moon is lower than the data obtained by the U.S. Apollo mission on the near side of the Moon可知，嫦娥四号发现月球背面的土壤温度低于之前发现的月球正面的温度。
31. A。标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了中国探月工程——嫦娥工程的发展历程，故A项作标题最能概括全文主旨。
D篇
主题语境：人与自然——宇宙探索
本文是说明文。SpaceX飞船拟于2024年飞往火星。
32. A。推理判断题。根据第一段中的I think we have a fighting chance of making that second Mars transfer window ... in 2024可知，SpaceX会争取2024年登上火星。
33. B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的The “transfer window” Musk refers to is a window of opportunity to go to Mars in 2024可知，“transfer window”指的是登陆火星的最佳机会。
34. B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的This launch will make use of the SpaceX Starship vehicle currently under development in SpaceX's South Texas site可知，Starship还在研发中。
35. D。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的it will focus on simpler tasks such as carrying goods and taking humans to and from the red planet可知，这次火星任务主要是运载物品和人往返于火星。
第二节
主题语境：人与社会——科学与技术
本文是新闻报道。John Kennett发明了一台健身机器可供宇航员在无重力环境下锻炼身体，维持骨骼健康。
36. G。该空承上启下。上文中提到在太空中宇航员的骨密度流失很快，这是因为无重力环境中，他们无法进行弹跳训练，再根据该空下一句It is a machine that allows them to jump in zero gravity可知，这种机器允许宇航员在无重力环境中跳跃，G项提到一位工程师想到了让宇航员在太空中保持健康的方法，符合此处语境。
37. E。该空与下一句为递进关系。根据下文中的John Kennett, the engineer of this project, says that his machine would cut the workouts down to just six minutes a day可知，这个新发明可以大大缩减现在宇航员为保持身体健康所进行训练的时间，因此，宇航员现阶段的锻炼很耗时，故E项符合此处语境。
38. A。该空与下一句为顺承关系。该空上一句提到“跳跃对维持骨密度非常重要”，A项提到“然而在无重力环境中跳跃是非常困难的”，这与该空下一句提到的“因此John认为自己的发明很有效”前后衔接紧密，语意连贯，说明了这台机器的重要性，因此符合此处语境。
39. F。F项中的says the workout gives her full - body benefits与该空下一句中的 you can really feel it from your toes right through your shoulders相照应，指出这台机器提供的运动方式能够使全身得到锻炼，符合此处语境。
40. C。该空与下一句为递进关系。C项提到明年这台机器将会在无重力环境中进行测试与该空下一句期望该机器投入使用相照应，符合此处语境。
语言运用
第一节
主题语境：人与自我——做人与做事
本文是记叙文。美国宇航员Christina Koch打破了女性单次太空飞行的最长纪录。
41. A。根据本段中的women have made significant contributions to the world ... to the list及下文中对Christina Koch所取得的成就的描述可知，Christina Koch刚刚把自己的“功绩（achievement）”载入了史册。
42. D。43. B。根据本段中的Her mission was ... supposed to last six months和but ... long spaceflights on the body及第三段中对Christina Koch在太空的停留期限有所延长的描述可知，Christina Koch原定的太空飞行任务“仅仅（only）”为期六个月，但是为了研究长期的太空飞行对人体的影响，NASA将该期限“延长了（lengthened）”。
44. A。根据本段中的Christina reached 289 days ... the longest single spaceflight by a woman及第四段中的Former space station commander Peggy Whitson ... 288 days可知，Christina Koch在太空停留了289天，创造了女性单次太空飞行时长的“新（new）”纪录。
45. C。根据本段中的Her plan was to remain onboard ... to 328 days可知，Christina Koch的太空飞行还没有“结束（finished）”。她将在太空继续待到第二年的二月份，届时她在太空中停留的总天数将达到328天。
46. A。47. D。48. B。根据本段中的Former space station commander Peggy Whitson ... 288 days及第五段中的mentor me through the years可知，前空间站指挥官Peggy Whitson在2017年以288天创下了“前（previous）”纪录，也是她“帮助（helped）”Christina Koch挑战这项“纪录（milestone）”。
49. B。根据本段中的Having the ... to be up here for so long is truly an honor可知，有“机会（opportunity）”在太空中停留这么长时间是一件非常荣幸的事。
50. C。51. A。根据上文中对Peggy Whitson曾在2017年创下女性最长的单次太空飞行纪录及本段中的mentor me through the years可知，Peggy Whitson是Christina Koch心目中的“女英雄（heroine）”，她人非常“好（kind）”，一直帮助着Christina Koch。
52. D。53. B。根据第三段中的On December 28, Christina reached 289 days ... a woman及本段中的In October 2019, she and fellow astronaut Jessica Meir ... outside the station可知，这并不是Christina Koch“第一（first）”次创下世界纪录，在2019年10月，她就与另一位宇航员一起“参加了（took part in）”历史上第一次全女性太空行走。
54. C。根据该空前的what intrigues you可知，设空处应该填一个与intrigues意思相近的短语，四个选项中只有appeals to（吸引）符合语境。
55. B。根据上文中对Christina Koch勇敢逐梦并获得成功的描述可知，追求梦想是“值得的（rewarding）”。
第二节
主题语境：人与社会——历史
本文是说明文。文章介绍了北京古观象台，它是世界上最古老的天文台之一，以建筑完整、仪器精美、历史悠久和在东西方文化交流中的独特地位而闻名于世。
56. dates。考查一般现在时。设空处在句中作谓语，其主语是The Observatory，且本句描述的是客观事实，故填dates。
57. dynasties。考查名词复数。根据设空处前面的Ming and Qing可知，设空处应用复数形式，故填dynasties。
58. with。考查介词。bring sth. with sb.意为“某人带着某物来”。
59. actually。考查副词。设空处作状语修饰谓语，应用副词形式，故填actually。
60. displayed。考查动词- ed形式作定语。设空处作后置定语修饰instruments，且display与instruments之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填displayed。
61. who。考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句修饰Xu Guangqi，且在从句中作主语，故填who。
62. to reform。考查动词不定式。ask sb. to do sth.意为“要求某人做某事”，故填to reform。
63. and。考查连词。between ... and ...意为“在……和……之间”。
64. interesting。考查形容词。根据句意“能看到几百年前的天文观察资料真是太有趣了”可知，设空处表示“有趣的”，故填interesting。
65. were made。考查一般过去时的被动语态。设空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，且observations与make之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；又根据后面的时间状语hundreds of years ago可知用一般过去时，故填were made。
第一部分 听力（略）
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
“Canada Green” sprouts and covers your lawn super-fast in just 10 days!
Amazing new grass seed mixture guarantees you a green lawn (草坪) in all four seasons, in every climate!
Before: Grass is brown, dead or dying, with many bare spots and weeds.
After: In just 10 days, a thick, green, beautiful lawn you'll be proud of!
So easy to transform!
No preparation. Just broadcast seed, water or let nature do it. Your grass starts growing in just 5 days!
Even grows in impossible spots: problem areas that are bare, shady, weedy or hilly!
Quickly carpets 1,000 square feet. Just $19.95!
Don't be caught without a beautiful green lawn-order today!
Yes! The incredibly hardy grass that's proven (证明) itself on golf courses throughout the U.S.A. and Canada is now available to you! And it grows so quickly and easily:
Tolerates extreme temperatures from 120 ℉ to 40 ℉ below zero!
So hardy, it stays green through heavy foot traffic, drought, heat, cold, even under heavy snow!
Saves you from work by crowding out weeds.
Order today with an unconditional money-back guarantee! (less shipping & handling)
Call now! 1-800-207-1800
You can choose grass seeds that cover the following:
1,000 sq. ft. only $19.95 (2 lbs) plus $6.95 S & H. Total $26.90
3,000 sq. ft. only $34.95 (6 lbs) plus $9.95 S & H. Total $44.90
Save! 6,000 sq. ft. $59.95 (12 lbs) plus $10.95 S & H. Total $70.90
Super value! 9,000 sq. ft. $90.00 (18 lbs) Free S & H.
21. What do we know about “Canada Green” grass
A. It gets brown in cold weather.
B. It fails to grow outside Canada.
C. It fully covers the lawn in just 5 days.
D. It has a good tolerance to heavy foot traffic.
22. How much does it cost in total to buy grass seeds that cover 1, 000 square feet
A. $19.95. B. $26.90. C. $34.95. D. $44.90.
23. What is the text mainly about
A. How to plant grass seeds.
B. How to weed your garden.
C. A grass seed advertisement.
D. An introduction to grass seeds.
B
Having been a middle school teacher for 25 years, I like to think that I've taught students the importance of good citizenship. But regardless of what I like to think, it seems that my students teach me.
One morning, I was running so late that by the time I reached the last intersection (十字路口) before my school, traffic was at a standstill. What was really exasperating was that I could see the school. Had I been able to climb out of my car and walk, I might have arrived on time.
Up ahead, the turn lane into the school's parking lot was empty. If I could just turn to the right, the only thing between me and the turn lane was a large field. It was rocky, and the grass was quite tall. But as I sat in my motionless car and saw all those car lights winking ( 闪烁) at me, I heard that field call to me. I nosed the car out of the line of traffic and headed for that open land. Evidently there was a law. And evidently I had broken it. An officer came up to my open window, and I handed him my license without even looking at him.
He asked, “Ma'am What's going on ” I said, “Well, I overslept, and ... I just wanted to get to school. I have to ...”
“So you're a teacher ” he interrupted.
“Yes, I try ... and ... I just needed to be on time.”
I heard the police officer say it again: “You wanted to be on time because you're a good teacher.”
At that point he paused before adding, “You were when I had you.”
And then I did look at him. I read the name badge on his chest. A former seventh-grade student of mine.
He gave me a warning — not too dissimilar from the ones I'd given him years ago — and sent me on my way. And at last I arrived at my classroom, already schooled once that morning and wondering what I would learn next.
24. What does the underlined word “exasperating” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Exciting. B. Satisfying. C. Surprising. D. Discouraging.
25. What did the author do when she was stuck in traffic
A. She called the police to help her.
B. She took a shortcut to avoid traffic.
C. She left her car and walked to school.
D. She waited patiently in her car all along.
26. What did the police officer do
A. He guided the author out of the traffic.
B. He took the author to the police station.
C. He warned the author about breaking the rules.
D. He turned a blind eye to the author's behavior.
27. What can we learn about the author
A. She learned a lesson from her student.
B. She didn't recognize the police officer at all.
C. She wasn't allowed to leave by the police officer.
D. She asked the police officer to bend the rules for her.
C
In just over a decade, China National Space Administration (CNSA) has sent a host of spacecraft to the Moon as part of the Chang'e program. In late 2007, China launched its first Moon-exploring spacecraft, Chang'e-1. By 2009, the lunar orbiter had completed its primary goal of mapping the surface to look for landing sites for future landers. In 2010, another orbiter named Chang'e-2 followed, and accomplished a similar set of objectives.
In 2013, CNSA launched Chang'e-3, which was their first attempt to land a spacecraft on the lunar surface. By the end of the year, Chang'e-3 had done just that, making China the third country to make a soft landing on the Moon.
Chang'e-3 achieved another milestone when it deployed ( 部署) a rover named Yutu on the Moon's surface. The rover encountered operational difficulties toward the end of the second lunar day after surviving ( 幸存) and recovering from the first 14-day lunar night. It was unable to move after the end of the second lunar night, though it continued to gather useful information for some months afterward. Thanks to its ability to visually analyze the lunar surface, Yutu helped researchers discover a new type of volcanic rock that is rich in a black mineral called ilmenite.
With a lander and rover designed much like Chang'e-3, the Chang'e-4 mission launched in December 2018 and arrived at the Moon just a few days into 2019. “According to the measurements of Chang'e-4, the temperature of the shallow layer of the lunar soil on the far side of the Moon is lower than the data obtained by the U.S. Apollo mission on the near side of the Moon,” said Zhang He, executive director of the Chang'e-4 mission. “That's probably due to the difference in lunar soil composition between the two sides of the Moon,” she said.
The Chang'e-4 lander also came equipped with a mini-biosphere (微型生物圈) experiment. Within just a few days of landing, Chang'e-4 returned an image of a container that showed its cotton seeds had sprouted (发芽). They continued to grow for about a week, but eventually gave in to the freezing temperatures, dying as lunar day turned to night.
On December 17, 2020, Chang'e-5 returned to Earth loaded with a sample of the lunar surface for the first time in decades. Then China will move on to Chang'e-6, and 7, and ...
28. What might be a mission of Chang'e-2
A. Placing Yutu on the Moon.
B. Landing a spacecraft on the Moon.
C. Finding potential landing sites on the Moon.
D. Mapping the distribution of landers on the Moon.
29. What can be learned about Yutu
A. It could distinguish different minerals.
B. It helped researchers discover a new mineral.
C. It could move during the whole Chang'e-3 mission.
D. It had difficulty recovering from the first lunar night.
30. Which of the following is a discovery of Chang'e-4
A. Cotton could survive the lunar night.
B. Cotton could grow well on the far side of the Moon.
C. The Moon's soil temperature varies between its two sides.
D. The Moon's soil composition varies between its two sides.
31. What is the best title for the text
A. Exploring the Moon: China's Chang'e missions
B. China launches sample return mission to the Moon
C. The next frontier: Prospecting and mining on the Moon
D. Lunar mission is latest milestone in China's space exploration
D
SpaceX's mission to Mars could take place in as little as four years' time, according to founder and CEO Elon Musk. “I think we have a fighting chance of making that second Mars transfer window,” Musk told Mars Society founder Dr. Robert Zubrin in a recent video call. The “transfer window” Musk refers to is a window of opportunity to go to Mars in 2024.
Launch windows for missions to Mars are determined by the Earth's optimal ( 最佳的) position in orbit as it relates to Mars, with the window opening around every 780 days. The next launch window, which SpaceX is planning to miss, will take place in 2022.
This launch will make use of the SpaceX Starship vehicle currently under development in SpaceX's South Texas site. It's designed as a rocket-and-spacecraft combo (组合) for transporting goods and humans. But while SpaceX is ambitious, the Starship is not quite ready yet. Musk indicated SpaceX would “probably lose a few ships” before development on the Starship was sturdy ( 结实的) enough to carry humans to Mars. The vehicle is currently in the very early testing stage, with early models expected to be in orbit by 2021 if everything goes according to plan.
Musk's vision for a SpaceX Mars trip is clear, but there is potential for the date to change, with Musk indicating the 2024 date is just a guess. With the Starship still so early in development, it's likely this timeline could be pushed back even further to the next Mars launch window or beyond.
As it stands, the 2024 Mars mission isn't designed to set up the Mars colony Musk has often spoken about, but it will focus on simpler tasks such as carrying goods and taking humans to and from the red planet.
“SpaceX is taking on the biggest single challenge, which is the transportation system. There're all sorts of other systems that are going to be needed,” Zubrin said in his chat to Musk.
32. What did Musk tell Zubrin about the mission to Mars
A. His team will try to give it a go in 2024.
B. His team will make use of every launch window.
C. His team will figure out the optimal launch position.
D. His team will land on Mars during the next transfer window.
33. What do we know about the “transfer window” in the text
A. It opens every four years.
B. It is the best chance to go to Mars.
C. It is in SpaceX's South Texas site.
D. It refers to a window on a spacecraft.
34. How is the Starship going at the moment
A. It has been widely used.
B. It is in the development stage.
C. It has gone through some test flights.
D. It is sturdy enough to carry astronauts to Mars.
35. What is the aim of SpaceX's Mars mission
A. To build the Mars colony.
B. To improve spacecraft to be sent to Mars.
C. To set up a space station in orbit around Mars.
D. To take humans and goods to and from Mars.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
New invention to get astronauts moving in space
NASA says that astronauts can lose as much as 10% of their bone density (骨密度) when they're in space. That's because there is no gravity for their bodies to push against. 36 It is a machine that allows them to jump in zero gravity.
Jumping in zero gravity would help build up bone density and muscle mass rather than astronauts losing this while in space. 37 This is to maintain (维持) a healthy lifestyle and prevent them from losing too much muscle and bone density. John Kennett, the engineer of this project, says that his machine would cut the workouts down to just six minutes a day! It will allow astronauts to take part in a short but intense workout designed to build both muscle mass and bone density.
John says that jumping is important to maintain good bone density. 38 So he thinks his invention is the perfect solution.
Former NASA astronaut Leroy Chiao says that exercising while in space is very important for a successful recovery once back on earth. He says he would welcome shorter workouts to ensure other duties on the spacecraft can still be completed. 39 “When you're jumping on this you can really feel it from your toes right through your shoulders,” she says.
Experts say this machine could also save much-needed space on board. 40 And it's hoped it will join some astronauts in space by 2024!
A. However, jumping in zero gravity is really hard.
B. Now, astronauts don't spend much time exercising.
C. Next year the machine will be tested in zero gravity.
D. Some people wonder whether the machine will work in space.
E. At the moment astronauts spend up to two hours a day, six days a week exercising.
F. Tess Morris-Paterson, who has been testing the machine, says the workout gives her full-body benefits.
G. An engineer from London has found the solution to keeping astronauts fit and healthy in space.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Throughout history, women have made significant contributions to the world of science, and NASA astronaut Christina Koch just added her own 41 to the list.
The electrical engineer from Livingston, Montana, arrived at the International Space Station on March 14, 2019. Her mission was 42 supposed to last six months, but NASA 43 her stay to study the effects of long spaceflights on the body.
On December 28, Christina reached 289 days in space, setting a 44 record for the longest single spaceflight by a woman! And she was not 45 yet. Her plan was to remain on board until February, which would bring her total to 328 days.
Former space station commander Peggy Whitson set the 46 record of 288 days in 2017 and 47 Christina to hit this incredible 48 .
“Having the 49 to be up here for so long is truly an honor,” Christina said. “Peggy is a 50 of mine and has also been 51 enough to mentor (指导) me through the years.”
Better still, this isn't the 52 time Christina's made history! In October 2019, she and fellow astronaut Jessica Meir 53 the first all-female spacewalk. Together, she and Jessica spent over seven hours fixing a power controller outside the station.
“Do what scares you. Everyone should think about what intrigues you and what 54 you,” she said. “It can be 55 for you personally, and it usually means that you're giving something back to the world in the maximum way possible.”
41. A. achievement B. requirement
C. encouragement D. judgment
42. A. still B. again C. even D. only
43. A. covered B. lengthened C. legalized D. cut
44. A. new B. personal C. monthly D. local
45. A. experienced B. failed C. finished D. honored
46. A. previous B. combined C. final D. daily
47. A. ordered B. allowed C. followed D. helped
48. A. market B. milestone C. field D. campaign
49. A. ability B. opportunity C. freedom D. talent
50. A. speaker B. student C. heroine D. neighbor
51. A. kind B. strong C. brave D. influential
52. A. same B. real C. last D. first
53. A. took care of B. took part in
C. looked out for D. looked forward to
54. A. happens to B. adapts to C. appeals to D. belongs to
55. A. adequate B. rewarding C. safe D. convenient
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I just got back from a trip to the Beijing Ancient Observatory, which was a great experience. The Observatory 56. ________ (date) back to 1442. It's one of the oldest observatories in the world. Astronomers used it during the Ming and Qing 57. ________ (dynasty). Later on in the 1600s, priests visited China, and many of them stayed. They brought “modern” astronomical instruments 58. ________ them.
The Observatory, on a platform about 50 feet high, is 59. ________ (actual) built on part of the old Ming dynasty wall that once upon a time surrounded Beijing. The eight instruments 60. ________ (display) on this platform date back to the Qing dynasty.
There are many busts ( 半 身 像) of famous Chinese astronomers throughout the courtyard like Xu Guangqi, 61. ________ worked with Matteo Ricci and Sabatino de Ursis to translate Western texts into Chinese. Besides, he was asked by the Emperor 62. ________ (reform) the Chinese calendar. This was the first major collaboration between Eastern 63. ________ Western scientists. There is also Zhang Heng. He invented the world's first water-powered armillary sphere (浑天仪) and first seismometer.
It's really 64. ________ (interest) to see the kinds of astronomical observations that 65. ________ (make) hundreds of years ago — but it's also exciting to think about the things we are able to measure and study today!
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是李华，你校英语俱乐部将组织主题为“遨游太空”的英文绘本制作大赛。请你给你的交换生朋友Grace写一封邮件，邀请她参加比赛。内容包括：
1. 比赛目的和时间；2. 作品要求；3. 邀请她参加比赛。
注意：写作词数应为80左右。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“Hi, Boris!” Chris smiles when he looks around the wooden door to Boris's studio.
Boris is an artist. He melts bronze rods ( 棒) to make metal bird sculptures. Chris knows to stand back when Boris works with his torch (喷灯) and hot metals. From the doorway, he watches Boris add detail to the bronze wing of a gull that looks so real Chris thinks it could fly.
Boris turns off the torch. “Come in, Chris,” he says. “Have you ever seen a sidehill gouger ” “No. What is it ” Chris asks. “This is a sidehill gouger,” Boris answers. Chris smiles in wonder and appreciation. “I don't think I've ever seen a sidehill gouger before, Boris,” he says.
“I used to see these birds all the time when I was a child in Russia,” Boris begins. Chris sits safely back on Boris's huge workbench and watches Boris melt a piece of bronze into a flat circle the size of a quarter. Boris then cuts two bronze legs from a thin rod, making one leg much longer than the other. He forms a round body. He attaches several straight pieces to make the tail. Boris adds tiny bronze drops for feathers and stretches a piece of hot metal into a neck, head, and pointed beak.
“They lived on hillsides, which is why they have one leg longer than the other,” Boris continues. “Gougers walk with their long leg downhill, to make getting around the hill easier. For fun we used to catch them. Do you know how to catch a sidehill gouger, Chris ”
Chris thinks for a minute. He imagines the gouger walking along a hillside, its long leg downhill. Wouldn't a bird with such strange legs be lopsided (倾向一方的) Chris wonders if Boris is pulling his leg, but Boris looks completely serious.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
“You get in front of the sidehill gouger so that it has to turn around,” says Boris. ______________________________________
The bronze sidehill gouger has cooled, and Boris gives it to Chris.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
21-25 DBCDB 26-30 CACAC
31-35 AABBD 36-40 GEAFC
41-45 ADBAC 46-50 ADBBC 51-55 ADBCB
56. dates 57. dynasties 58. with 59. actually
60. displayed 61. who 62. to reform 63. and
64. interesting 65. were made
写作
第一节
One possible version:
Dear Grace,
To develop students' imagination, creativity and ability to express themselves in English, the English Club is going to organize an English picture book contest, whose theme is space travel.
The contest will last from March 5th to April 5th. The participants are required to create a picture book with a front and back cover, title page and text pages. The work can be handmade or digital.
I hope you can take part in the event, and we can co-create a picture book if you like. I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
One possible version:
“You get in front of the sidehill gouger so that it has to turn around,” says Boris. Chris listens carefully to what Boris is talking about. A funny picture forms in his mind. Boris continues. “And then you run after the gouger when it has its short leg downhill. They are very easy to catch then.” Boris breaks into one of his wonderful smiles, and Chris laughs. Now he knows that Boris is kidding. But he loves the idea of the gouger walking around the hill, short leg down.
The bronze sidehill gouger has cooled, and Boris gives it to Chris. It feels heavy and valuable and Chris wonders if this is how gold feels. Boris turns back toward the bird sculpture he was working on when Chris first arrived. Chris holds the sidehill gouger carefully. “Thank you, Boris,” Chris says. He says goodbye to Boris and runs back home as fast as he can. He can't wait to ask his mom and dad if they know how to catch a sidehill gouger. He believes they will have a good laugh when they find the answer.
部分解析
阅读
第一节
A篇
主题语境：人与自我——生活
本文是应用文。文章为一则介绍Canada Green草籽的广告。
21. D。细节理解题。根据So hardy, it stays green through heavy foot traffic可知，这种草耐践踏。
22. B。细节理解题。根据1,000 sq. ft. only $19.95 (2 lbs) plus $6.95 S & H. Total $26.90可知，可以覆盖1,000平方英尺的草籽总共需花费26.90美元。
23. C。推理判断题。根据文章标题“Canada Green” sprouts and covers super - fast in just 10 days!及文中的Order today和Call now!可知，本文为一则销售草籽的广告。
B篇
主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习
本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者违反交通规则并接受教育的故事。
24. D。词义猜测题。根据第二段中的I was running so late that by the time I reached the last intersection before my school, traffic was at a standstill ... I could see the school可知，作者快到达学校的时候却遭遇了堵车，最令她沮丧的是她已经能看到学校了却无法快速到达。
25. B。推理判断题。根据第三段中的I nosed the car out of the line of traffic and headed for that open land可知，作者遭遇堵车后为了避免迟到走了捷径。
26. C。推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中的You wanted to be on time because you're a good teacher和倒数第三段中的 You were when I had you以及最后一段中的He gave me a warning — not too dissimilar from the ones I'd given him years ago可知，这位警官警告作者要始终践行师者风范，严格遵守交通规则。
27. A。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的And at last I arrived at my classroom, already schooled once that morning and wondering what I would learn next可知，作者接受了自己学生的教育。
C篇
主题语境：人与自然——宇宙探索
本文是说明文。文章简要介绍了中国探月工程的发展历程。
28. C。细节理解题。根据第一段中的China launched its first Moon-exploring spacecraft, Chang'e-1 ... completed its primary goal of mapping the surface to look for landing sites for future landers和another orbiter named Chang'e-2 followed, and accomplished a similar set of objectives可知，嫦娥二号和嫦娥一号的任务基本一致，其中一项是为未来的着陆器寻找着陆区。
29. A。推理判断题。根据第三段中的Thanks to its ability to visually analyze the lunar surface, Yutu helped researchers discover a new type of volcanic rock that is rich in a black mineral called ilmenite可知，玉兔号月球车能够分辨出月球表面不同的矿物质。
30. C。细节理解题。根据第四段中的According to the measurements of Chang'e4, the temperature of the shallow layer of the lunar soil on the far side of the Moon is lower than the data obtained by the U.S. Apollo mission on the near side of the Moon可知，嫦娥四号发现月球背面的土壤温度低于之前发现的月球正面的温度。
31. A。标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了中国探月工程——嫦娥工程的发展历程，故A项作标题最能概括全文主旨。
D篇
主题语境：人与自然——宇宙探索
本文是说明文。SpaceX飞船拟于2024年飞往火星。
32. A。推理判断题。根据第一段中的I think we have a fighting chance of making that second Mars transfer window ... in 2024可知，SpaceX会争取2024年登上火星。
33. B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的The “transfer window” Musk refers to is a window of opportunity to go to Mars in 2024可知，“transfer window”指的是登陆火星的最佳机会。
34. B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的This launch will make use of the SpaceX Starship vehicle currently under development in SpaceX's South Texas site可知，Starship还在研发中。
35. D。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的it will focus on simpler tasks such as carrying goods and taking humans to and from the red planet可知，这次火星任务主要是运载物品和人往返于火星。
第二节
主题语境：人与社会——科学与技术
本文是新闻报道。John Kennett发明了一台健身机器可供宇航员在无重力环境下锻炼身体，维持骨骼健康。
36. G。该空承上启下。上文中提到在太空中宇航员的骨密度流失很快，这是因为无重力环境中，他们无法进行弹跳训练，再根据该空下一句It is a machine that allows them to jump in zero gravity可知，这种机器允许宇航员在无重力环境中跳跃，G项提到一位工程师想到了让宇航员在太空中保持健康的方法，符合此处语境。
37. E。该空与下一句为递进关系。根据下文中的John Kennett, the engineer of this project, says that his machine would cut the workouts down to just six minutes a day可知，这个新发明可以大大缩减现在宇航员为保持身体健康所进行训练的时间，因此，宇航员现阶段的锻炼很耗时，故E项符合此处语境。
38. A。该空与下一句为顺承关系。该空上一句提到“跳跃对维持骨密度非常重要”，A项提到“然而在无重力环境中跳跃是非常困难的”，这与该空下一句提到的“因此John认为自己的发明很有效”前后衔接紧密，语意连贯，说明了这台机器的重要性，因此符合此处语境。
39. F。F项中的says the workout gives her full - body benefits与该空下一句中的 you can really feel it from your toes right through your shoulders相照应，指出这台机器提供的运动方式能够使全身得到锻炼，符合此处语境。
40. C。该空与下一句为递进关系。C项提到明年这台机器将会在无重力环境中进行测试与该空下一句期望该机器投入使用相照应，符合此处语境。
语言运用
第一节
主题语境：人与自我——做人与做事
本文是记叙文。美国宇航员Christina Koch打破了女性单次太空飞行的最长纪录。
41. A。根据本段中的women have made significant contributions to the world ... to the list及下文中对Christina Koch所取得的成就的描述可知，Christina Koch刚刚把自己的“功绩（achievement）”载入了史册。
42. D。43. B。根据本段中的Her mission was ... supposed to last six months和but ... long spaceflights on the body及第三段中对Christina Koch在太空的停留期限有所延长的描述可知，Christina Koch原定的太空飞行任务“仅仅（only）”为期六个月，但是为了研究长期的太空飞行对人体的影响，NASA将该期限“延长了（lengthened）”。
44. A。根据本段中的Christina reached 289 days ... the longest single spaceflight by a woman及第四段中的Former space station commander Peggy Whitson ... 288 days可知，Christina Koch在太空停留了289天，创造了女性单次太空飞行时长的“新（new）”纪录。
45. C。根据本段中的Her plan was to remain onboard ... to 328 days可知，Christina Koch的太空飞行还没有“结束（finished）”。她将在太空继续待到第二年的二月份，届时她在太空中停留的总天数将达到328天。
46. A。47. D。48. B。根据本段中的Former space station commander Peggy Whitson ... 288 days及第五段中的mentor me through the years可知，前空间站指挥官Peggy Whitson在2017年以288天创下了“前（previous）”纪录，也是她“帮助（helped）”Christina Koch挑战这项“纪录（milestone）”。
49. B。根据本段中的Having the ... to be up here for so long is truly an honor可知，有“机会（opportunity）”在太空中停留这么长时间是一件非常荣幸的事。
50. C。51. A。根据上文中对Peggy Whitson曾在2017年创下女性最长的单次太空飞行纪录及本段中的mentor me through the years可知，Peggy Whitson是Christina Koch心目中的“女英雄（heroine）”，她人非常“好（kind）”，一直帮助着Christina Koch。
52. D。53. B。根据第三段中的On December 28, Christina reached 289 days ... a woman及本段中的In October 2019, she and fellow astronaut Jessica Meir ... outside the station可知，这并不是Christina Koch“第一（first）”次创下世界纪录，在2019年10月，她就与另一位宇航员一起“参加了（took part in）”历史上第一次全女性太空行走。
54. C。根据该空前的what intrigues you可知，设空处应该填一个与intrigues意思相近的短语，四个选项中只有appeals to（吸引）符合语境。
55. B。根据上文中对Christina Koch勇敢逐梦并获得成功的描述可知，追求梦想是“值得的（rewarding）”。
第二节
主题语境：人与社会——历史
本文是说明文。文章介绍了北京古观象台，它是世界上最古老的天文台之一，以建筑完整、仪器精美、历史悠久和在东西方文化交流中的独特地位而闻名于世。
56. dates。考查一般现在时。设空处在句中作谓语，其主语是The Observatory，且本句描述的是客观事实，故填dates。
57. dynasties。考查名词复数。根据设空处前面的Ming and Qing可知，设空处应用复数形式，故填dynasties。
58. with。考查介词。bring sth. with sb.意为“某人带着某物来”。
59. actually。考查副词。设空处作状语修饰谓语，应用副词形式，故填actually。
60. displayed。考查动词- ed形式作定语。设空处作后置定语修饰instruments，且display与instruments之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填displayed。
61. who。考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句修饰Xu Guangqi，且在从句中作主语，故填who。
62. to reform。考查动词不定式。ask sb. to do sth.意为“要求某人做某事”，故填to reform。
63. and。考查连词。between ... and ...意为“在……和……之间”。
64. interesting。考查形容词。根据句意“能看到几百年前的天文观察资料真是太有趣了”可知，设空处表示“有趣的”，故填interesting。
65. were made。考查一般过去时的被动语态。设空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，且observations与make之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；又根据后面的时间状语hundreds of years ago可知用一般过去时，故填were made。