人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit1 Learning About Language &Using Language练习（含答案）

Unit 1 Science Fiction Learning About Language & Using Language
基础练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He was charged ________ providing false evidence in the court.
2．After all his mathematical ________ (calculate), he drew the conclusion that the earth was not the center of the solar system.
3．It is necessary for you to make contact with your parents ________ a regular basis because they are concerned about you.
4．When ________ comes to job interviews, first impressions, I think, are quite important.
5．With my car ________ (repair) now, I have to go to work by bus or by bike this week.
6．They were all exhausted from all the cleaning in the nursing home, so they quickly got ________ (change) and fell fast asleep.
Ⅱ.选用方框内短语的适当形式填空
be admitted into, when it comes to, be aware of, get caught up, large amounts of, distinguish between...and, set up, on a regular basis
1．The company raises the employees' salary ________ every year.
2．________ the chairwoman of our company, everyone thinks she is an amazing woman.
3．As a salesman, he ________ the importance of building a good relationship with the customers.
4．News came from the school office that Wang Lin ________ Peking University.
5．________ flour were delivered to the earthquake stricken area.
6．As a lawyer, he can ________ guilt ________ innocence.
7．The alien ________ in a picture book, so he didn't notice my coming into the room.
8．They are considering ________ a special venue for a wide range of sports events.
Ⅲ.单元语法练习
A)单句语法填空
1．Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement ________ (reach) between the two countries so far.
2．Cities are likely ________ (affect) by overheating because of something called the urban heat island effect.
3．As we all know, printing ________ (introduce) into Europe from China.
4．It is reported that the list of final winners ________ (announce) at the end of the event, or rather, next Friday.
5．The Three Body Problem written by Chinese writer Liu Cixin is worthy ________ (read).
6．It is said that a kind of robot with artificial intelligence ________ (develop) now.
7．The Diary of Anne Frank ________ (translate) into more than 70 languages since its first appearance in 1947.
8．This was the third time he ________ (praise) for his voluntary work for the Red Cross.
B)结合本单元语法完成句子
1．In the meanwhile, ________________________________ (应该更多关注) the study of the traditional culture in Chinese high schools.
2．To begin with, ________________________________ (一个新的体育场已经建成), which has become a perfect venue for some sports events.
3．Of the two science fiction novels for teenagers, ________________________________ (两者都被强烈推荐).
4．________________________________________________ (中国经济有望增长) on a steady basis in the coming years.
5．This kind of flour ________________________________ (在北京卖得好).
6．________________________________________________ (我的洗衣机在修理) this week, so I have to make an appointment to have my clothes washed.
7．Despite the previous rounds of talks, ________________________________________________________ (迄今为止未达成协议) by the salesmen and the customers.
8．The leather ________________________________ (需要加工) before it is made into a jacket.
能力综合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology, and the lifeblood that technology has long been electricity. By providing long distance communication and energy, electricity created the modern world. Yet properly understood, the age of electricity is merely the second stage in the age of steam, which began a century earlier.
“It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions.” writes Maury Klein in his book The Power Makers, Steam, Electricity, and the Men Invented Modern America. Klein, a noted historian of technology, spins a narrative so lively that at times it reads like a novel.
The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland, where Watt perfected“the machine that changed the world”. Klein writes, “America did not invent the steam engine, but once they grasped its passwords they put it to more uses than anyone else.”
Meanwhile, over the course of 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity. Morse invented a code for sending messages over an electromagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a voice. Edison perfected an incandescent bulbs that brought electric light into the American home.
Most importantly, Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification, which he showed in New York City. With help from Tesla, Westinghouse's firm developed a system using alternating current, which soon became the major forms of power delivery.
To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a long narrative into an interesting one.
1．What is Klein's understanding of the age of electricity
A.It is closely linked to the steam age.
B．It began earlier than proper thought.
C．It is a little studied period of history.
D．It will come to an end sooner or later.
2．What can be inferred about Ned
A．He was born in New York City.
B．He wrote many increasing stories.
C．He created an electricity company.
D．He lived mainly in the 19th century.
3．What is the text about
A．A biography. B．A book review.
C．A short story. D．A science report.
Ⅱ.完形填空
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Casey and John, a young couple, had been driving from Maryland to North Carolina when their 36 hour nightmare began. They expected the road trip to __1__ five hours, but a massive snowstorm led to ice related accidents, and the state closed a 50 mile stretch of the __2__ for safety reasons.
With traffic __3__ and no clear information on when the highway would reopen, some drivers abandoned their cars and set out on foot. Others, like Casey and Joe, turned off the __4__ to save gas and seated themselves in their vehicles. They tried their best to stay __5__.
A cold night in hunger and little sleep left them feeling __6__. After 21 hours of suffering, Casey noticed a bread delivery truck among the waiting vehicles. On a sudden inspiration, she __7__ Schmidt Baking Company, the owner of the truck. She left a __8__ on the company's customer service line, asking if the truck driver could share the baked goods with troubled drivers. She didn't know if they would take her request __9__， but she wanted to try.
Her idea worked. Incredibly, Schmidt CEO Chuck __10__ returned Casey's call within 20 minutes. He asked her to hand her phone to the company truck driver, Ron, and then directed Ron to __11__ loaves of bread to the people on the highway. Chuck said he was __12__ to offer any help he could.
Casey, John and Ron were excited to pass out the bread along the __13__ highway to as many people as possible. Among those to __14__ the food were elderly passengers and families with children. They all felt incredibly thankful for the offering of food and some __15__ after so many hours waiting in the cold.
1．A.waste B．work
C．stand D．last
2．A.waterway B．subway　
C．highway D．railway
3．A.stopped B．canceled　
C．cleared D．changed
4．A.cooker B．engine　
C．window D．radio
5．A.calm B．fit　
C．wealthy D．hungry
6．A.excited B．guilty　
C．tired D．embarrassed
7．A.guaranteed B．warned　
C．called D．joined
8．A.report B．message　
C．note D．card
9．A.curiously B．actually　
C．certainly D．seriously
10．A.respectively B．personally　
C．selfishly　 D．cautiously
11．A.hand out B．give up　
C．set out D．put aside
12．A.sad B．afraid　
C．mean D．proud
13．A.rainy B．dusty　
C．icy D．muddy
14．A.receive B．achieve　
C．adopt D．purchase
15．A.pity B．sympathy　
C．courage　 D．relief
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
An 80 year old man was sitting on the sofa in his house along with his 45 year old highly educated son. Suddenly, a crow rested on their window.
The father asked his son, “What's this？” The son replied, “It is a crow (乌鸦).”
After a few minutes, the father asked his son for the second time，“What's this？” The son said, “Father, I have just now told you, it is a crow！”
After a little while, the old father again asked his son the third time, “What's this？”
At this time, some expression of anger was felt in his son's tone when he said to his father with a firm reply. “It is a crow, a crow.” A little while later, the father again asked his son the fourth time, “What's this？”
This time, the son shouted at his father, “Why do you keep asking me the same question again and again, although I have told you so many times ‘IT IS A CROW’. Are you not able to understand this？”
A little later the father went to his room and came back with an old diary, which he had kept since his son was born.
On opening a page, he asked his son to read the page.
When the son read it, the following words were written in the diary：
“Today, my little son aged 3 was sitting with me on the sofa, when a crow was sitting on the window. My son asked me 23 times what it was, and I replied to him all 23 times that it was a crow. I hugged him lovingly each time he asked me the same question. I did not at all feel angry but I rather felt love for my innocent son.”
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1：
After reading the diary, the son burst into tears, feeling sorry for what he had done to his
father. ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
Feeling ashamed, the son got down to his knees
before his father. __________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
基础练
Ⅰ.
1．答案与解析：with　考查介词。句意：他被指控在法庭上提供了虚假的证据。charge sb. with doing sth.表示“指控某人做了某事”，此处是其被动形式。
2．答案与解析：calculation(s)　考查词形转换。句意：经过他所有的数学计算，他得出结论——地球不是太阳系的中心。根据句意以及空前的mathematical可知，空处应用所给词的名词形式。calculation作“计算”讲时既可以作可数名词，也可以作不可数名词，且作可数名词时常用复数，故填calculation(s)。
3．答案与解析：on　考查固定短语。句意：你定期和父母联系是有必要的，因为他们关心你。on a regular basis意为“定期”，为固定短语。
4．答案与解析：it　考查固定句式。句意：说到求职面试，我认为第一印象很重要。“when it comes to...”是固定句式，表示“当谈到……”，其中to是介词。
5．答案与解析：being repaired　考查with复合结构。句意：由于我的汽车现在正在被修理，这个星期我不得不乘公交或骑自行车去上班。根据句意可知，此处表示“汽车正在被修理”，因此用“with＋宾语＋being done”结构作原因状语。
6．答案与解析：changed　考查“get＋过去分词”结构。句意：在养老院里做了所有的清扫工作，他们全都累坏了，因此很快换了衣服，进入了梦乡。get changed “更换衣服”。
Ⅱ.
1．on a regular basis　2.When it comes to　3.is aware of
4．had been admitted into　5.Large amounts of
6．distinguish between; and　7.got caught up　8.setting up
Ⅲ.
A)
1．答案与解析：has been reached　句意：尽管有前几轮会谈，但迄今为止，这两个国家还没有达成任何协议。根据时间状语so far可知，空处用现在完成时，且no agreement和reach之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。此外，agreement被no修饰，谓语动词应用单数，故填has been reached。
2．答案与解析：to be affected　be likely to do sth.意为“有可能做某事”；Cities与动词affect之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用不定式的被动形式。
3．答案与解析：was introduced　句意：众所周知，印刷术是从中国传入欧洲的。“印刷术传入欧洲”是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时；printing与introduce之间是被动关系，故填was introduced。
4．答案与解析：will be announced　句意：据报道，最终的获胜者的名单将在活动结束时公布，更确切地说，是下周五。由时间状语“at the end of the event, or rather, next Friday”可知，此处表示将要发生的动作，且announce与the list of final winners之间是被动关系，因此用一般将来时的被动语态。
5．答案与解析：to be read　句意：由中国作家刘慈欣写的《三体》值得一读。be worthy to be done为固定结构，表示“值得做……”。
6．答案与解析：is being developed　句意：据说一种人工智能机器人现在正在被研发。由时间状语now可知，此处表示正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时；从句主语与develop之间是被动关系，故填is being developed。
7．答案与解析：has been translated　句意：《安妮日记》自1947年首次出版以来已被翻译成超过70种语言。根据时间状语“since its first appearance in 1947”可知，此处用现在完成时，且translate与主语The Diary of Anne Frank之间是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。
8．答案与解析：had been praised　“This/That/It was the＋序数词＋time＋that从句”是固定句型，意为“这/那是某人第几次做某事”，其中that可省略，从句用过去完成时；he与praise之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。
B)
1．more attention should be paid to
2．a new stadium has been built
3．both are highly recommended
4．China's economy is expected to grow
5．sells well in Beijing
6．My washing machine is being repaired
7．no agreement has been reached so far
8．needs to be processed
力综合练
Ⅰ.
1．答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据第二段“It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions.”可知，没有人把蒸汽和电力革命的历史放在一起这一点令作者感到惊奇，据此可知，在Klein看来，电力时代和蒸汽时代是有很紧密的联系的。故选A。
2．答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段“To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime.”可知，为了勾勒出他的故事，Klein创造了人物Ned，他是美国蒸汽和电力革命进程的见证人；根据第四段“...over the course of 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity.”可知，在19世纪，电力从(人们对之)好奇变成了必需品。综合以上内容可知，Ned见证了蒸汽时代和电力革命，他应该是生活在19世纪。故选D。
3．答案与解析：B　推理判断题。统览全文内容可知，本文中提到书的名称及其写作手法，并且阐述了这本书的内容，同时作者还评价了其写作手法。据此可知，这篇文章应该是一篇书评。故选B。
Ⅱ.
1．答案与解析：D　句意：他们预计这次公路旅行将持续五个小时，但一场大暴风雪导致了与冰雪有关的事故，出于安全考虑，该州关闭了一条50英里长的公路。根据下文的“five hours”可知，此处指的是他们公路旅行预计花费的时间，即持续的时长。故选D项。
2．答案与解析：C　根据上文“Casey and John, a young couple, had been driving from Maryland to North Carolina when their 36 hour nightmare began.”以及“the state closed a 50 mile stretch”可知，他们是开车旅行的，但因为暴风雪，所以为了安全考虑，政府关闭一段公路。故选C项。
3．答案与解析：A　根据上文的“the state closed a 50 mile stretch”可知，政府关闭了一段高速公路，因此自然是交通停止了。故选A项。
4．答案与解析：B　根据前文“turned off”以及下文的“to save gas”可知，他们为了省油，把引擎关了。故选B项。
5．答案与解析：A　根据前文“to save gas and seated themselves in their vehicles”可知，他们遇到这个问题，并没有很慌张，而是关闭引擎确保车还有油，坐在车上等待。因此可知，他们是在保持冷静。故选A项。
6．答案与解析：C　根据前文“A cold night in hunger and little sleep left them feeling”可知，他们又冷又饿，而且还没有足够的休息，因此可知，他们感到疲惫的。故选C项。
7．答案与解析：C　根据后文“She left a __8__ on the company's customer service line, asking if the truck driver could share the baked goods with troubled drivers.”可知，她给那个公司的客服热线留言，因此她打电话给那家烘焙公司。故选C项。
8．答案与解析：B　根据后文“asking if the truck driver could share the baked goods with troubled drivers”可知，她询问卡车司机是否可以分享食品给那些在高速被困的司机，因此可知，她在那家公司的热线电话上留言。故选B项。
9．答案与解析：D　根据前文“She didn't know if they would take her request”可知，她不知道她打电话过去有没有用，也就是说她不确定别人会不会认真对待她的需求。故选D项。
10．答案与解析：B　根据前文“Schmidt CEO Chuck”以及后文“returned Casey's call within 20 minutes”可知，这个公司的CEO亲自给她回了电话。故选B项。
11．答案与解析：A　根据前文“asking if the truck driver could share the baked goods with troubled drivers”可知，她留言询问卡车司机是否可以分享面包给受困的司机，因此可知，CEO打电话回来是叫卡车司机分发面包给大家。故选A项。
12．答案与解析：D　根据后文“offer any help he could”可知，给他人提供帮助，对他来说是一件让他感到自豪的事。故选D项。
13．答案与解析：C　根据第一段“a massive snowstorm”可知，暴风雪来临，所以路面都是结冰的。故选C项。
14．答案与解析：A　根据前文的“pass out the bread”以及后文“the food”可知，他们分发面包给人们，人们自然就是接受食物。故选A项。
15．答案与解析：D　根据上文“They all felt incredibly thankful for the offering of food and”可知，被困的人们收到面包，对他们来说就是雪中送炭，这不仅是食物，更是精神上的安慰。故选D项。
Ⅲ.
参考范文：
After reading the diary, the son burst into tears, feeling sorry for what he had done to his father. He lost his patience with his father when he was asked the same question for the fourth time. However, compared with him, his father was patient even though he asked even 23 times. By comparison, the son began to reflect on his own behavior, admitting his own mistake.
Feeling ashamed, the son got down to his knees before his father. He made an apology to his father, begging his father to forgive him. The father gave him a hug and all old memories came crowding in. It was his father that showed great concern about him. Never would he forget the days when his father used to attend to him with great care and love. How lucky he was to be blessed with such a great father! He promised that he would take care of his father the way he was treated by his father.