第17讲 九年级Unit8-10【名师导航】2024中考英语教材梳理学案(人教新目标版)(含解析)

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名称 第17讲 九年级Unit8-10【名师导航】2024中考英语教材梳理学案(人教新目标版)(含解析)
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第17讲 九年级 Unit 8--10
重点单词 whose / hu:z / adj. & pron. 谁的 truck / tr k / n. 卡车;货车 picnic / 'p kn k / n. 野餐 rabbit / 'r b t / n. 兔;野兔 attend / 'tend / v. 出席;参加 valuable / v lju bl / adj.贵重的;很有用的;宝贵的 pink / p k / adj. 粉红色的n. 粉红色 anybody / enib di / pron. 任何人 happening // n.事件;发生的事情(常指不寻常的) noise / n z / n. 声音;噪音 policeman / p li:sm n / n.(pl.policemen) 男警察 wolf / w lf / n. 狼 uneasy / n'i:z / adj.担心的;不安的 laboratory / l 'b r tr / n. 实验室 outdoors / a t d :z / adv.在户外;在野外 coat / k t / n. 外套;外衣 sleepy / 'sli:p / adj. 困倦的;瞌睡的 land / l nd / v.着陆;降落 alien / 'e l n / n. 外星人 suit / su:t / n. 西服;套装 v.适合 express / k'spres / v. 表示;表达 circle / 's :kl / n. 圆圈 v. 圈出 Britain / br tn / n. (= Great Britain) 大不列颠 mystery / m stri / n. 奥秘;神秘事物 receive / r 'si:v / v. 接受;收到 historian / h st :ri n / n.历史学家;史学工作者 leader / 'li:d (r) / n. 领导;领袖 midsummer / m d's m (r) / n.仲夏;中夏 medical / med kl / adj. 医疗的;医学的 purpose / 'p :p s / n.目的;目标 prevent / pr 'vent / v. 阻止;阻挠 energy / 'en d / n. 精力;力量 position / p z n / n. 位置;地方 burial / 'ber l / n. 埋葬;安葬 honor / ' n (r) / (= honour) v. 尊重;表示敬意 n. 荣幸;荣誉 ancestor / ' nsest (r) / n. 祖宗;祖先 victory / 'v kt r / n. 胜利;成功 enemy / en mi / n. 敌人;仇人 period / p ri d / n. 一段时间;时期 hard-working / hɑ:d 'w :k / adj.工作努力的;辛勤的 prefer [pr 'f :(r)] v. 更喜欢 lyrics ['l r ks] (pl.) 歌词 Australian [ stre li n] adj. 澳大利亚(人)的 n.澳大利亚人 electronic [ lek'tr n k] adj. 电子的;电子设备的 suppose [s 'p z] 推断;料想 smooth [smu: ] adj. 平滑的;悦耳的 spare [spe (r)] adj. 空闲的;不用的v.抽出;留出 director [d 'rekt (r)] 导演;部门负责人 case [ke s] 情况;实情 war [w :(r)] 战争;战争状态 stick [st k] v.(stuck [st k],stuck)粘贴;将…刺入 down [da n] adj.悲哀;沮丧 dialog ['da l ɡ](= dialogue) 对话;对白 ending [ end ] n.(故事、电影等的)结尾;结局 documentary [ d kju mentri] 纪录片 drama ['drɑ:m ] 戏;剧 plenty ['plent ] pron. 大量;众多 shut [ t] v. (shut, shut) 关闭;关上 superhero ['su:p h r ] n.超级英雄 intelligent [ n tel d nt] adj.有才智的;聪明的 sense [sens] v. 感觉到;意识到n. 感觉;意识 sadness [ s dn s] n.悲伤;悲痛 pain [pe n] n. 痛苦;苦恼 reflect [r 'flekt] v. 反映;映出 moving [ mu v ] adj.动人的;令人感动的 horror [ h r (r)] n. 震惊;恐惧 perform [p 'f :m] v. 表演;执行 lifetime [ la fta m] n.一生;有生之年 poem ['p m] n.诗;韵文 pity ['p t ] n. 遗憾;怜悯 v.同情;怜悯 total ['t tl] n. 总数;合计adj. 总的;全体的 master ['mɑ:st (r)] n.大师;能手;主人v.掌握 praise [pre z] v. & n. 表扬;赞扬 recall [r 'k :l] v. 回忆起;回想起 wound [wa nd] n. 伤;伤口;创伤 v.使(身体)受伤;伤害 painful [ pe nfl] adj.令人痛苦的;令人疼痛的 custom [ k st m] n. 风俗;习俗 bow [ba ] v. 鞠躬 kiss [k s] v. & n. 亲吻;接吻 greet [ɡri:t] v. 和 打招呼;迎接 relaxed [r l kst] adj.放松的;自在的 value ['v lju:] v. 重视;珍视n. 价值 capital ['k p tl] n. 首都;国都 noon [nu:n] n. 正午;中午 mad [m d] adj. 很生气;疯的 effort [ ef t] n.努力;尽力 passport ['pɑ:sp :t] n. 护照 chalk [t :k] n. 粉笔 blackboard [ bl kb :d] n. 黑板 northern [ n n] adj. 北方的;北部的 coast [k st] n. 海岸;海滨 season [ si:zn] n. 季;季节 knock [n k] v. 敲;击 n.敲击声;敲击 eastern [ i:st n] adj. 东方的;东部的 worth [w :θ] adj. 值得;有 价值(的) manner [ m n (r)] n.方式;方法(pl.)礼貌;礼仪 empty ['empt ] adj. 空的;空洞的 basic ['be s k] adj. 基本的;基础的 exchange [ ks't e nd ] n. & v. 交换 teenage ['ti:ne d ] adj.十几岁的;青少年的 granddaughter [ gr nd :t (r)] n. (外)孙女 behave [b 'he v] v. 表现;举止 except [ k'sept] prep. 除 之外 conj. 除了;只是 elbow ['elb ] n. 肘;胳膊 gradually [ gr d u li] adv. 逐步地;渐进地 suggestion [s d est n] n. 建议
词汇拓展 valuable /adj. 贵重的;很有用的;宝贵的→value n.价值/v.尊重;重视 happening n.事件;发生的事情(常指不寻常的)→happen v.发生 *happen to do 碰巧做某事 *happen to sb.发生在某人身上 noise n.声音;噪音→noisy adj.嘈杂的 wolf / w lf / n. 狼→wolves pl. uneasy / n'i:z / adj.担心的;不安的→easy adj.容易的;舒适的 sleepy adj. 困倦的;瞌睡的→sleep v.睡觉→ asleep adj.睡着的 *feel sleepy 感到困的 *fall asleep 睡着了的 land v.着陆;降落→land n.陆地;国土 express v. 表示;表达→expression n.表达 mystery n. 奥秘;神秘事物→mysterious adj.神秘的 historian n.历史学家;史学工作者→history n.历史→historical adj.历史的;历史学的 leader n. 领导;领袖→lead v.带领→leader n.领导 *lead to 带领去往某地 medical adj. 医疗的;医学的→medicine n.药;医学 purpose n.目的;目标 *on purpose 故意 prevent v. 阻止;阻挠prevention n.预防;防止 *prevent... from 阻止 energy n. 精力;力量→energetic adj.精力充沛的;有能量的 burial n. 埋葬;安葬→bury v.埋葬;埋 honor (= honour) v. 尊重;表示敬意 n. 荣幸;荣誉→honored adj.光荣的;荣幸的 prefer v. 更喜欢→preferred vp.→preferred vpp.→preference n.偏好 *prefer to do rather than do sth宁愿做而不愿做 *prefer to do 宁愿做某事 *prefer A to B 更喜欢A相比B *prefer doing to doing 更喜欢...相比.... Australian adj.澳大利亚(人)的 n.澳大利亚人→Australia n.澳大利亚 suppose 推断;料想 *be supposed to do 应该做某事 smooth adj. 平滑的;悦耳的→smoothly adv.平滑地 director导演;部门负责人→direct v管理;指导./adj.笔直的→direction n.方向→director n.导演 case 情况;实情 *in that case 既然那样;假使那样的话 stick v.粘贴;将…刺入→stuck vp.→ stuck vpp. *stick to 坚持;固守 plenty pron. 大量;众多 *plenty of 大量;充足 shut v.关闭;关上→shut vp.→ shut vpp. *shut off 关闭;停止运转 superhero n.超级英雄→superheroes pl. intelligent adj.有才智的;聪明的→intelligence n.才智 sense v. 感觉到;意识到n. 感觉;意识 *a sense of 一种...感 sadness n.悲伤;悲痛→sad adj.悲伤的 pain n. 痛苦;苦恼→painful adj.痛苦的 reflect v. 反映;映出→reflection n.反射 moving adj.动人的;令人感动的→moved adj.感动的→move v.移动 perform v. 表演;执行→performance n.表演→performer n.表演者poem n.诗;韵文→poet n.诗人 pity n. 遗憾;怜悯 v.同情;怜悯→pitiful adj.可怜的 *what a pity 真遗憾 total n. 总数;合计adj. 总的;全体的→totally adv.总地 *in total 总共;合计 relaxed adj.放松的;自在的→relaxing adj.令人兴奋的→relax v.放松→relaxation n.放松 mad adj. 很生气;疯的→madness n.疯狂 *get mad 大动肝火;气愤 effort n.努力;尽力 *make an effort 作出努力 northern adj. 北方的;北部的→north n.北面 *in the northern part of 在...北面 knock [n k] v. 敲;击 n.敲击声;敲击 *knock at eastern [ i:st n] adj. 东方的;东部的→east n.东面 *in the eastern of 在...东面 worth [w :θ] adj. 值得;有 价值(的)→worthless adj.无价值的 *be worth doing 值得做某事 behave [b 'he v] v. 表现;举止→behavior n.行为 gradually [ gr d u li] adv. 逐步地;渐进地→gradual adj.逐渐的
重点短语 1. belong to… 属于…... 2. have fun doing sth.做某事开心 3. her favorite writer 她最喜爱的作家 4. the only little lid唯一的小孩 5. listen to pop music听流行音乐 6. hair band 发带 7. attend a concert 参加音乐会 8. in the music hall 在音乐大厅 9. something valuable 贵重的东西 10.go to a picnic=go for a picnic去野餐 11. at the picnic在野餐时 12. the rest of my friends 我其余的朋友 13. pick it up 捡起,拾起 14. each other=one another 互相,彼此 15. nothing much没什么(事) 16. something unusual不寻常的东西 17. something strange奇怪的事 18. anything else其它的东西 19. be interviewed by… 被…采访 20. strange noises 奇怪的声音 21. outside our window在我们的窗外 22. next-door neighbor隔壁邻居 23. at first 首先,起初 24. run away 逃走 25. feel uneasy 感到不安 26. have no idea=don’t know 不知道 27. go away 走开,离开 28. noise-maker 噪音的制造者 29. dance to (music) 随着(音乐)跳舞 30. sing along with 随着…一起唱 31. electronic music 电子音乐 32. suppose sb to do sth. 猜想某人做某事 33. be supposed to do sth 应该做某事 34. suppose sb (to be) +adj. 原以为… 35. have spare time 有空闲时间 36. in one’s spare time在某人的空闲时间 37. spare the time to do sth 抽时间做… 38. a film director 一名电影导演 39. in that case 既然那样 40. smooth music 悦耳的音乐 41. prefer A to B 比起B来更喜欢A 42. prefer doing A to doing B 43. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 44. feel like doing sth 想要做某事 45. stick to 坚持,固守 46. be down 悲哀,沮丧 47. cheer sb up 使… 高兴/ 振奋 48. have a happy ending 有个美满的结局 49. try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做… 50. a good way to do sth 做某事的好办法 51. make me feel even sadder 让我感觉更伤心 52. provide plenty of information about a certain subject提供了大量的关于某个主题的信息 53. shut off my brain 关闭我的大脑 54. be supposed to do sth 应该做… 55. be expected to do sth. 应该/被期望做… 56. shake hands (with…) (和…) 握手 57. bow to sb. 向某人鞠躬 58. for the first time 首次,第一次 59. greet sb.( in) the wrong way以错误的方式问候某人. 60. be invited to do sth. 被邀请做… 61. as soon as 一… 就…...(引导时间状从) 62. as soon as sb can 尽可能快的...... 63.hold out (my hands) 伸出(我的手) 64. on both sides of my face在我的两个脸颊上 65. be from= come from 来自 66. be relaxed about 对…放松/随意 67. a bit/ little late 晚一点 68.in our everyday lives 在我们的日常生活中 69. drop by 顺便拜访,随便进入 70. make plans ( to do sth.) 计划做某事 71. plan to do sth.计划做某事 72. on the side of the face在脸的一侧 73. as many as sb can = as many as possible 尽可能多的… 74. be on time 守时 75. the capital of clocks and watches钟表之都 76. after all 毕竟,终归 77. at noon 在中午 78. 15 minutes late 迟到15分钟
重点句型 1. If you have any idea where it might be, please call me.如果你知道它可能在哪,请打电话给我。 2. It’s crucial that I study for it because it counts 30% to the final exam. 关键是我必须学,因为它占期末考试的30%。 3. What do you think “anxious“ means 你认为“anxious”是什么意思? 4. He could be running for exercise. 他可能是在跑步锻炼身体。 5. He might be running to catch a bus. 他可能是在跑着赶公共汽车。 6. Why do you think the man is running 你觉得那个男的为什么跑? 7. I love singers who write their own music. 我喜欢自己创作曲子的歌手。 8. We prefer music that has great lyrics. 我们更喜欢歌词很棒的曲子。 9. What do you dislike about this CD. 你不喜欢这张CD的什么? 10. What does it remind you of? 它使你想起了什么? 11. The music reminds me of Brazilian dance music. 这首曲子使我想起了巴西舞曲。 12. It does have a few good features, though. 然而,它的确也有一些好的方面。 13. She really has something for everyone. 每个人的确都能从她的作品中领悟到一些东西。 14. Whatever you do, don’t miss this exhibition. 无论怎样,你都不能错过这次展出。 15. As the name suggests, the band has a lot of energy. 正如乐队名字所暗示的那样, 这支乐队很有活力。 16. Some people say they are boring, but others say they are great. 有些人说他们很无聊,但也有人说,他们是伟大的。 17.I f I were you, I’d eat nuts instead. 如果我是你,我会改吃坚果。 18. He should have told me about it. 他本应该把这件事告诉我。 19. Where I’m from, we’re pretty relaxed about time. 我所在的地方,对时间是相当宽松的。 20. We often just drop by our friends’ homes. 我们时常去朋友家拜访。 21. Often we just walk around the town center, seeing as many of our friends as we can. 我们经常走遍市中心,看尽可能多的朋友。 22.We usually make plans to see friends. 通常我们都是做好去看朋友的计划。 23. We’re the land of watches, after all. 毕竟,我们是表之乡。 24.It’s even better than I thought it would be. 事情比我想象的要好得多。 25.They go out of their way to make me feel at home. 他们花尽心血让我感觉不到拘束。 26.Although I still make lots of mistakes, it doesn’t bother me like it used to. 尽管我经常出一些错,但它不像过去那样打扰我。 27. I thought that was pretty strange at first, but now I’m used to it. 开始,我想那是太奇怪了,但是现在我已经习惯了。 28. I have to say, I find it difficult to remember everything, but I’m gradually getting used to things, and don’t find them so strange any more. 不得不承认,我发现记住一切东西是很困难的,但我渐渐习惯了,并且发现他们也不再那么奇怪了。
知识点
◆考点1 Why do you think the man is running
本句是由“疑问词 + do you think + 其他”构成的特殊疑问句。在这种结构中,如果特殊疑问词在句中作主语,特殊疑问句语序不需要变化;如果特殊疑问词在句中不作主语,特殊疑问句用陈述语序。例如:
Who do you think is the tallest in your class 你认为谁是你们班最高的?
Where do you think we should go for a holiday 你认为我们应该去哪里度假?
◆考点2 One woman in the area saw something running away…
see sb. doing sth. 意为“看见某人正在做某事”,强调动作正在进行。例如:  
I saw him talking with a man on my way home yesterday.
昨天我回家的路上,看见他正在和一个人谈话。
When I entered the room, I saw her watching TV.
当我进门的时候,我看见他正在看电视。
【拓展】
see sb. do sth.意为“看到某人做某事”,强调看到某人做过某事或经常做某事。例如:
I often see him dance in the classroom.我经常看见他在教室里跳舞。
I often see him help that old man do cleaning at weekends.周末,我经常看见他帮助那个老人打扫房间。
◆考点3 Another popular idea is that Stonehenge might...
that Stonehenge might...在此作is的表语,是表语从句。引导表语从句的词除了that外,还有what;whether; as if; which; who; whose; when; where; why; how等。表语从句与宾语从句一样,要求用陈述语序。例如:
That is where I was born. 那就是我出生的地方。
The problem is whether he will come. 问题是他是否回来。
This is what we need. 这就是我们所需要的。
◆考点4 For many years, historians believed Stonehenge was atemple where ancient leaders tried to communicate with the gods.
本句中含有一个定语从句,where是关系副词,在定语从句中作地点状语。引导定语从句的关系词有:that; who; when; why; where等。
(1) 连接词that,既可指人,也可指物。例如:
The man that you met is my teacher. 你遇到的那个人是我的老师。
She is the singer that I saw last week. 她就是我上周遇到的那个歌唱家。
(2) 关系代词who(指人),whom(who的宾格形式),whose,which(指物)。例如:
The room whose window is broken is our classroom. 那个窗户坏了的房间是我们的教室。
He is the man who knows the answer. 他是那个知道答案的人。
(3) 关系副词when(指时间),why(表原因),where(表地点)。例如:
That is the place where I was born. 那就是我出生的地方。
Can you tell me the time when you were born 你能告诉我你出生的时间吗?
◆精题巧练
1.【2023黑龙江省牡丹江】14. If we study hard with big dreams, there is nothing ________ can’t be achieved.
A. who B. that C. whom
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:如果我们怀着远大梦想努力学习,没有什么是不能实现的。此处是定语从句,先行词是nothing,引导词在从句中作主语,只能用that引导。故选B。
◆考点5 They think the stones can prevent illness and keep people healthy.
prevent是动词,意为“阻止;阻挠”。prevent…from doing sth. 是固定搭配,意为“防止……做某事;阻止……做某事”。例如:
What can we do to prevent the disease spreading 我们能做什么来防止这种疾病蔓延呢?
The heavy rain prevented us from going home. 大雨使我们不能回家了。
◆考点6 I like music that I can dance to.
I like music that I can dance to.为含有定语从句的复合句,that I can dance to为定语从句,修饰先行词music,that为关系代词,在定语从句中作主语。
【拓展】
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词that,who,which等和 关系副词when,where,why等,且定语从句的关联词在从句中充当一定的成分,从句中 谓语动词的时态及单复数要和它所修饰的先行词保持一致。
This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.这是他给我的生日礼物。
Do you know everybody who came to the party 你认识来宴会的每一位吗?
This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.这是毛主席曾经居住过的地方。
◆考点7 What kind of music do you like
what kind of意为“什么种类”,后面一般接单数名词或不可数名词。
What kind of music do you like 你喜欢哪种音乐?
【拓展】
(1)a kind of 意为“一种”,修饰名词。
Water is a kind of matter. 水是一种物质。
(2)different kinds of 意为“不同种类的”,修饰名词。
There are different kinds of animals in the zoo.动物园中有不同种类的动物。
(3)all kinds of 意为“各种各样”,修饰名词。
All kinds of new cars are on show.各种各样的新车正在展览。
(4)kind of 意为“有点,有几分”,修饰动词、形容词及副词。
She looks kind of pale after her illness. 她病后面色有点苍白。
◆考点8 They can be fun, but I’m too scared to watch them alone.
too…to…意为“太……而不能”。它在结构形式上是肯定的,但意义上却表示否定含义,所以动词不定式符号to前不能再加not,只接动词原形即可,too后接形容词或副词原形。例如:
The book is too difficult to understand. 这本书难于理解。
【拓展】
(1)含too…to…的句子可以改写成“so…that…”句型,意为“如此……以至于……”。例如:
He is too old to do hard work.= He is so old that he can’t do hard work. 他年纪太大而不能干重活。
(2)含too…to…的句子也可以用“not … enough to do sth.”句型来替换,但注意要用原句中形容词或副词的反义词。如:He is too old to do hard work.= He is not young enough to do hard work.他年纪大了,不能干重活。
◆精题巧练
1.(2020内蒙古呼和浩特)10.—Mary, have you finished ________the novel
—Oh no, I am too busy_______ it. Professor Li asked me to hand in my math paper this week.
A.reading; reading B.to read; reading
C.reading; to read D.to read; to read
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——玛丽,你读完那本小说了吗?——哦,没有,我太忙了而没有读它。李教授让我这周交我的数学论文。
考查非谓语动词。finish doing sth“做完某事”,因此第一空用动名词reading。too+形容词/副词+to do sth“太而没有做某事”,因此第二空用动词不定式to read。故选C。
2.【2023江苏无锡】5. —Thank goodness! The virus is gone.
—Well, it’s ________ to say that. You’d better still wear a mask in public.
A. too late B. late enough C. too early D. early enough
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定结构。句意:——谢天谢地!病毒消失了。——嗯,现在说还为时过早。在公共场合你最好还是戴口罩。too late太晚;late enough足够晚;too early太早;early enough足够早。根据“You’d better still wear a mask in public.”可知,在公共场合要戴口罩,故说“病毒消失了”还为时过早,排除A、B选项。too…to结构表否定,enough…to结构表肯定,此处指这样说还太早,表否定意义,故用too early。故选C。
◆考点9 …but was one of the most moving…
one of后接形容词最高级及名词复数,意为“最……之一”。
Chang jiang river is one of the longest rivers in the world.长江是世界上最长的河流之一。
【拓展】
(1)one of the +复数名词+定语从句中,定语从句中的谓语动词跟定语从句所靠近的那个复数名词保持一致,通常用复数。
This is one of the books that are required for study at school.这是学校里要求学生学习的书籍之一。
(2)如果one of the +复数名词的前面有the only之类的限定语,后面定语从句的谓语动词则要用单数形式。
He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.他是我校教师中唯一懂得法语的人。
◆精题巧练
1.【2023云南省】6. China is one of ________ countries in the world. We are all proud of it.
A. older B. the older C. oldest D. the oldest
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词最高级的用法。句意:中国是世界上最古老的国家之一。我们都为此感到骄傲。
one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数,表示“……最……之一”,故选D。
2.【2023湖南省株洲市】8. ChatGPT is one of ________ applications these days.
A. hot B. hotter C. the hottest
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意:ChatGPT是最近最热门的应用程序之一。根据“ChatGPT is one of...applications these days.”可知,此处是“one of+the+最高级+名词复数”结构,故选C。
◆考点10 It’s a pity that only six pieces of music in total were recorded for the future world to hear…
It’s a pity that… 表示“真遗憾……”,其中that引导的only six pieces of music in total were recorded for the future world to hear是主语从句,it是形式主语,真正的主语是其后的that从句。例如:
It’s a pity that you missed the beginning of the show.你错过了节目的开头真是太遗憾了。
It’s pity that you didn’t pass the exam. 真遗憾你没有通过考试。
◆考点11 You are supposed to shake hands.
(1)动词suppose意为“猜想、假设”,suppose后接that从句,that可以省略。例如:
I suppose he is not yet twenty.我猜想他不到二十岁。
(2)be supposed to后面用动词原形,表示“被期望做某事、应该做某事”,相当于情态动词should。例如:
You are supposed to say hello to the foreigners.你应该跟这些外宾打招呼。
【拓展】
(1)当句子的主语是人的时候,be supposed to表示“应该做某事、被期望做某事”,经常用来表示劝告、建议、义务和责任等。这里be supposed to相当于情态动词should。例如:
You are supposed to ask our teacher if you want to leave the classroom.
如果你要离开教室,应该先问一问我们的老师。
(2)当句子的主语是物的时候,be supposed to表示“本应该”的意思,经常用来表示某事物本应该发生而没有发生。
The meeting was supposed to take place on Tuesday, but we have to put it off.
这个会议本应该在星期二举行,但我们不得不把他推迟了。
(3)短语be supposed to do sth.的否定形式是be not supposed to do sth,表示“命令和禁止”,意为“不应该做某事”。
You are not supposed to talk loudly in class.你不应该在课堂上大声交谈。
(4)be supposed to的后面接have+过去分词,表示“本应该做完的事情而没有做完”。
My mother is supposed to have arrived an hour ago.我的妈妈应该一个小时前就到了。
◆考点12 If you’re even 15 minutes late, your friend may get mad.
这是含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句,if译为“如果”。条件状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来,要注意if条件句的时态搭配:
(1)if从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时。例如:
The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail. 如果你拉猫的尾巴,它就会抓你。
If the rain doesn’t stop, we will stay here. 如果这场雨不停的话,我们就呆在这儿。
(2)if从句用一般现在时,主句用情态动词。例如:
If you want to lose weight, you should eat less bread.如果想减肥,你应该少吃面包.
(3)if从句用一般现在时,主句用祈使句。例如:
If you want to get there on time, hurry up!如果你想准时到达那里,要快一点。
◆考点13 We value the time we spend with our family …
(1)value 作动词,表示“看重,重视”。例如:
If they value these data, let them pay for them.他们要是看重这些数据,就让他们出钱买。
(2)value 作及物动词,表示“评价,估价”。后接名词或代词作宾语,当宾语后接具体价格时,常用介词at。例如:I valued the bike at 200 yuan. 我估计这辆自行车值200元。
【拓展】
(1)value 用作名词,基本意思是“价值,价格”,引申还可表示“用处,益处,重要性”。例如:
Because of continual price increases, the value of the pound has fallen in recent years.
近年来由于物价不断上涨,英镑贬值了。
The value of this work experience should not be under estimated.
这种工作经验的重要性不应该被低估。
(2)value常用于of value to sb. 结构,表示“对某人有……价值”。例如:
Good books are of great value to students. 好书对学生非常有用。
◆考点14 As you can imagine, things are very different from the way they are at home.
imagine是动词,意为“想象,推测”,后面可接名词、代词、宾语从句、复合宾语,常用于结构:imagine doing sth. 想象做某事。例如:
We can’t imagine what China will be like in the future.我们无法想象将来中国是什么样子。
I can’t imagine leaving all my friends. 我无法想象离开我所有的朋友。
No one can imagine what would happen next. 没有人能想象出下一步会发生什么。
◆考点15 …,but I’m gradually getting used to it.
动词短语get used to表示“渐渐习惯……”,后接名词、代词作宾语。与同义短语“be used to”略有不同。get used to强调的是由“不习惯”到“习惯”的这个过程,而“be used to”所强调的只是“习惯了”这个状态。例如:
The food here is not so tasty but you will get used tothat.
这里的伙食不怎么样,但你会慢慢习惯的。
The food here is not so tasty but he is used to that.
这里的伙食不怎么样,但是他已经习惯了。
He is used to getting up early. 他习惯了早起。
◆精题巧练
(2020江苏宿迁)Most young people get used to________(pay)with Wechat or Alipay.
【答案】paying
【解析】句意:大多数年轻人习惯用微信或支付宝支付。get used to doing sth习惯做某事,故此处应用所给动词的动名词形式。故填paying。
◆考点16 I find it difficult to remember everything, but…
当不定式用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时,通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语it,而将真正的宾语移至句末,其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式短语”。例如:
I find it difficult to do the job well.
我发现做好这个工作不容易。
I find it easy to get on with her.
我发现她很容易相处。
【拓展】
当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时,为避免头重脚轻,通常在句首使用形式主语it,而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。例如:
It’s a pity to refuse. 拒绝是令人遗憾的。
It’s no use saying any more about it. 再谈这事没有用。
It’s not known where she went. 她到哪里去了没人知道。
【注意】
Itis said / reported / believed / understood that… 这类结构中的it 也是形式主语。
It’s reported that two people were injured in the accident.据报道这次事故中有两人受伤。
◆精题巧练
1.【2023四川凉山州】2. The twins look the same, even their father finds ________ difficult to tell them from each other.
A. that B. this C. it
【答案】C
【解析】考查代词。句意:这对双胞胎长得太像了,甚至他们的父亲认为很难把他们区别开来。that那个;this这个;it它。find it +形容词+to do sth表示“认为做某事是……的”,it是形式宾语,to do sth是真正宾语,故选C。
语法点
◆ 情态动词表推测☆☆☆
一、定义:
1、情态动词本身具有一定的词义,但是不能单独做谓语;
2、只能和动词原形一起构成谓语;
3、表示说话人的情绪、态度、语气。
二、口诀:
"一肯,一否,三个不确定"一肯:must be 一定是一否:can't be 不可能是三个不确定:could be/ may be/ might be 可能是”变化要领“情态动词有词义,不能单独做主谓;
变否定,后not,变疑问,前面提,后接动原要牢记!三、情态动词表推测的语法结构及使用场景:
语法结构 使用场景
情态动词+动词原形 (中考重点) 表示对现在的事情进行推测
情态动词+be+动词ing形式 表示对正在进行的动作进行推测
情态动词+have+动词的过去分词 表示对过去或者已经完成的事情进行推测
eg. Tom must be in the classroom. 汤姆一定在教室里面。
Alice may be singing in the next room. 爱丽丝可能正在隔壁房间里面唱歌。
You could have put your pen in the pencil box. 你可能把钢笔放在你的铅笔盒里了。
情态动词表推测的可能性对比:
肯定句中:must >can>could>may>might
否定句中:can't>couldn't>may not> might not
3、疑问句中:can可能 could 可能
◆精题巧练
1.【2023四川成都】4. Your answer ________ be right, but I’m going to check to make sure.
A. can’t B. might C. must
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意:你的答案可能是对的,但我要检查一下以确保正确。can’t不能;might也许;must必须。根据“Your answer...be right, but I’m going to check to make sure.”可知,答案可能是对的,但还要检查一下。故选B。
2.【2023四川达州市】8. —Jack, could you please help me take out the trash
—Sorry, ________, mom. I ________ my homework now.
A. couldn’t, am doing B. can’t, am doing C. can’t, do
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词及动词时态。句意:——杰克,你能帮我倒垃圾吗?——对不起,我不能,妈妈。我现在正在做作业。对“could you please…”的肯定回答是Yes, I can,否定回答是Sorry, I can’t。根据“now”可知,“我”现在正在做作业,应为现在进行时。故选B。
3.【2023湖南怀化】26. —______ I join the volunteer program on weekends
—Of course you can.
A. Can B. Must C. Should
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意:——我可以在周末参加志愿者项目吗?——你当然可以。Can可以;Must必须;Should应该。根据答句“Of course you can.”可知此处应是询问是否可以参加志愿者项目,应用情态动词can表示请求许可。故选A。
4.【2023山东滨州】12. —The paper cutting is pretty lively. Who made it
—It ________ be Mary. None of us except her is able to do it.
A. can B. must C. need D. might
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词。句意:——剪纸很生动。是谁做的?——一定是Mary。除了她,我们谁也做不到。can能;must一定;need需要;might可能。根据“None of us except her is able to do it”可知除了Mary,没有人能做,所以一定是Mary做的。故选B。
5.【2023湖北孝感市】3. — How beautiful the paper cutting is! Who made it
— It ________ be Linda. She’s the only one that can make it in our class.
A. must B. would C. can D. could
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意:——多么漂亮的剪纸啊!谁做的?——一定是Linda。她是我们班唯一能做剪纸的人。must一定;would将;can能够;could可以。根据“She’s the only one that can make it in our class”可知,她是唯一一个会做剪纸的人,所以猜测一定是Linda,表示十分有把握的肯定推测用must,故选A。
6.【2023湖南省株洲市】2. The toy truck ________ belong to Jane’s little brother. He was the only little kid at the picnic.
A. must B. can’t C. could
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意:这个玩具卡车一定属于Jane的弟弟。他是来野餐的唯一一个小孩。must一定;can’t不会;could可能。根据“He was the only little kid at the picnic.”可知玩具卡车是小孩的玩具,Jane的弟弟是唯一的小孩,一定是他的,表示肯定的推测用must。故选A。
7.【2023黑龙江省牡丹江】3. — Is that boy in a white shirt over there Leo
— No, it ________ be him. He has gone to Kunming.
A. must B. can’t C. might
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词。句意:——那个穿白衬衫的男孩是里奥吗?——不,不可能是他。他去昆明了。must一定;can’t不可能;might也许。根据“ No, it ...be him. He has gone to Kunming.”可知,他去昆明了,所以不可能是他,故选B。
8.【2023辽宁本溪辽阳葫芦岛】5. —Is this red jacket Tony’s
—No, it ________ be his. He doesn’t like red.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. wouldn’t
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词。句意:——这件红夹克是托尼的吗?——不,不可能是他的。他不喜欢红色。can’t不可能;mustn’t禁止;needn’t不需要;wouldn’t将不。根据“He doesn’t like red.”可知这件红夹克不可能是托尼的,表示有把握的否定推测应用can’t,故选A。
9.【2023吉林长春】7. This _______ be Alice’s guitar. Hers is still in my house.
A. should B. can’t C. must D. needn’t
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词。句意:这不可能是爱丽丝的吉他。她的还在我家里。should应该;can’t不可能;must必须,一定;needn’t不必。根据“Hers is still in my house.”可知此处表示语气强烈的否定推测,用can’t。故选B。
◆ 定语从句☆☆☆
一.概念
在复合句中作定语的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的是关系代词that,which,who,whose,whom和关系副词when,where,why。关系代词或关系副词既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分。
关系词 作用 先行词 例句
that,who, whom(只作宾语) 主语、宾 语、表语 人 Do you know the old man who/that is standing under the tree 你认识站在树下的那个老人吗
that,which 主语、宾 语、表语 物 She got a computer which/that her parents bought for her. 她有一台电脑,这台电脑是她父母买给她的。
whose 定语 人/物 The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard. 这个男孩学习非常刻苦,他爸爸是位医生。 The room whose window is open is mine. 开着窗户的那个房间是我的。
when 状语 时间 I still remember the day when you left for Beijing. 我仍然记得你前往北京的那一天。
where 状语 地点 This is the school where my mother works. 这就是我妈妈工作的那所学校。
why 状语 原因 Could you explain the reason why you were late 你能解释一下你迟到的原因吗
关系代词的用法
一般情况下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;which指物,在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;who在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;whom在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语。
A doctor is a person who looks after a patient.
先行词 主语  谓语  宾语
1.下列情况下,先行词指物时,只能用that引导,不能用which引导:
(1)当先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等代词时。
Is there anything that you don’t understand 你有什么不懂的地方吗
Tom told his mother all that had happened.汤姆把发生的一切都告诉了他的妈妈。
(2)当先行词前面有the only,the very,the last等修饰时。
This is the only book that I can find.这是我能找到的唯一的一本书。
(3)当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。
This is the best book that I have ever read.这是我读过的最好的书。
(4)当主句是以特殊疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句时。
Which is the hotel that you like best 哪个是你最喜欢的旅馆
2.关系代词的省略
一般情况下,关系代词作宾语时可以省略,但关系代词which,whom在从句中作介词的宾语并且介词位于关系代词之前时,不能省略。
I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the club.我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的那一天。
注意:that,which,who在从句中作主语时,不能省略。
Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher 正在和我们老师谈话的那个男孩是谁
关系副词的用法
This is the factory where my father works.
先行词 地点状语 主语 谓语
句意:这就是我爸爸工作的那个工厂。
1.when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the year when you graduated from No.8 Middle School.我依然记得你从八中毕业的那一年。
2.why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词是表示原因的reason一词。
We don’t know the reason why he was late for school.我们不知道他为什么上学迟到。
3.where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
That is the school where I studied three years ago.那就是我三年前就读的学校。
特殊情况
关系词只能用that的几种情况
①当先行词是all, little, much, none, everything, anything, nothing等不定代词时。如:
Tom told his mother all that had happened. 汤姆把全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。
②当先行词前面有the only, the very, the last等修饰时。如:
This is the only book that I can find. 这就是我能找到的唯一一本书。
③当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。如:
The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shanghai. 为我们足球队踢足球的那个最高的运动 员来自上海。
④当先行词既有人又有物时。如:
Let’s talk about the people and the things that we can remember. 让我们谈论我们能够记起的人和事。
关系词只能用which的几种情况
①关系代词放在介词之后。如:
This is the factory in which we once worked. 这就是我们曾经工作过的工厂。
②非限制性定语从句中。如:
This is a famous book, which was written by Lu Xun. 这是鲁迅写的一本有名的书。
③that, those作主语时。如:
Those which are on the desk are English books. 桌子上的那些是英语书。
用who而不用that的情况
①当先行词为people和those时,只能用who。如:
Those who want to go there come here please. 那些想去那儿的人请来这边。
②当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人)时,只能用who。如:
Anyone who is against us is our enemy. 任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。
③先行词指人,而关系代词在从句中作主语时,一般多用who。如:
The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days.
昨天来这儿的那个人说过几天他会再来。
◆精题巧练
1.【2023四川成都】7. He showed me the photos ________ he took at his graduation ceremony.
A. that B. who C. what
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:他给我看了他在毕业典礼上拍的照片。that引导定语从句,先行词是人/物;who引导定语从句,先行词是人;what不引导定语从句。本句中先行词“the photos”是物,且在句中作宾语,用引导词that。故选A。
2.【2023四川达州市】5. —The Lifelong Journey is one of the most touching books ________ I have ever read.
—Yeah, the book is fantastic and I am looking forward to ________ it again.
A. that, reading B. which, to read C. that, to read
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句和非谓语动词。句意:——《人世间》是我读过的最感人的书之一。——是的,这本书很棒,我期待着再读一遍。第一处是定语从句,有最高级修饰先行词,只能用that,排除B;look forward to doing sth“期待做某事”。故选A。
3.【2023湖南岳阳】9. Lei Feng is a great person ________ sets a good example to us.
A. who B. which C. whose
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:雷锋是一个伟大的人,他给我们树立了好榜样。此处是定语从句,先行词是人,引导词在从句中作主语,故选A。
4.【2023湖南省郴州】10. Tea is the leaf of a plant ________ grows widely in China, Japan and other countries.
A. what B. who C. that
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:茶是一种广泛生长在中国、日本和其他国家的植物的叶子。分析题干可知,这是一个定语从句,先行词“a plant”为物,空处在定语从句中作主语,应用that/which引导,故选C。
5.【2023湖南省株洲市】5. Today’s China is a country ________ keeps to this national character.
A. what B. who C. that
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:今天的中国是一个保持这种民族性的国家。此处是定语从句,先行词是“a country”,指物,引导词在从句中作主语,故选C。
6.【2023黑龙江省龙东地区】17. — What can we do for the left-home children ________ need help
— We could help them with their study online on weekends.
A. which B. who C. whom
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:——我们能为需要帮助的留守儿童做些什么?——我们可以在周末帮助他们在线学习。which先行词指物;who先行词指人,在从句中作主语;whom先行词指人,在从句中作宾语。本句先行词是the left-home children,指人,且空格处在从句中作主语,故用who引导定语从句。故选B。
7.【2023黑龙江绥化市】19. Mrs. Wang is an English teacher ________ makes her class lively.
A. which B. whose C. who
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:王老师是一位英语老师,她使她的课堂生动活泼。句子含定语从句,先行词是teacher,指人,从句缺主语,用关系代词who引导从句。故选C。
8.【2023四川乐山】12. Guo Moruo is a famous Chinese writer ________ is popular around the world.
A. which B. whom C. who
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:郭沫若是一位著名的中国作家,在世界各地都很受欢迎。which指物,从句作主语,宾语;whom指人,从句作宾语;who指人,从句中作主语,宾语。根据语义及句子结构可知,前后为两个句子,且空后句子为定语从句,修饰先行词writer“作家”,指人,且在定语从句中充当主语,用关系词who。故选C。
9.【2023吉林省】8. The students are reading books ________ are full of the “red spirit” these days.
A. who B. where C. which
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:这些天,学生们正在读充满“红色精神”的书。
谁;where哪儿;which哪个。本句含定语从句,先行词books指物,引导词在从句中作主语,故选C。
10.【2023辽宁省营口市】3. The Aerospace Square ________ was completed last year has become a new tourist attraction.
A. which B. who C. whom D. where
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:去年竣工的航天广场已成为一个新的旅游景点。分析句子可知,“...was completed last year”是作定语修饰The Aerospace Square,所以是定语从句,先行词是物,空处在句中作主语,所以用关系词which引导。故选A。
11.【2023新疆生产建设兵团】13. Lots of Chinese young people ___________ were born after 1995 use door-to-door cooking to save time.
A. that B. those C. which D. /
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句引导词。句意:为了节省时间,很多95后的中国年轻人都采用上门做饭的方式。that引导定语从句时,先行词是人/物,在句中作主语或宾语;those那些,指示代词;which引导定语从句时,先行词是物,在句中作主语或宾语;/不填。空后“...were born after 1995”在句中作定语修饰名词,先行词Chinese young people,指人,且空处在句中作主语,所以用who引导,故选A。
12.【2023四川省遂宁】5. Miss Xiang is a great teacher _________always makes her classes lively and fascinating.
A. which B. who C. what D. whom
【答案】B
【解析】考查who引导的限制性定语从句。句意:向老师是一位优秀的老师,她总是使她的课生动有趣。which(……的)那个;who谁;what什么;whom谁,who的宾格。分析句子结构,这是一个包含定语从句的复合句,先行词为a great teacher,因此空白处应填入指人的关系代词,在定语从句中作主语指人应用who来引导定语从句。故选B。