第18讲 九年级Unit11-14【名师导航】2024中考英语教材梳理学案(人教新目标版)(含解析)

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名称 第18讲 九年级Unit11-14【名师导航】2024中考英语教材梳理学案(人教新目标版)(含解析)
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第18讲 九年级 Unit 11--14
重点单词 rather ['rɑ: (r)]['r r] adv. 相当;相反 drive [dra v] v. 迫使;开车 lately ['le tli] adv. 最近,不久前 friendship [frend ip] n. 友谊;友情 king [ki ] n. 国王;君主 power ['pa (r)] n. 权力,力量 prime [praim] adj. 首要的;基本的 minister [minist (r)] n. 大臣;部长 banker ['b k ] n. 银行家 fame [feim] n. 名声;声誉 pale [peil] adj. 苍白的;灰白的 queen [kwi:n] n. 王后;女王 examine [igz min] v.(.仔细地)检查;检验 nor [n :(r)] conj. & adv. 也不 palace [p l s] n. 王宫;宫殿 wealth [welθ] n. 财富 grey [grei] adj. 阴沉的;昏暗的;灰色的 lemon [lem n] n. 柠檬 uncomfortable [ n'k mft bl] adj. 使人不舒服的,令人不舒适的 weight [weit] n. 重量;分量 shoulder [ uld (r)] n. 肩;肩膀 goal [g ul] n. 球门;射门;目标 coach [k ut ] n. 教练;私人教师 kick [kik] v. 踢;踹 besides [b 'sa dz] adv. 而且 teammate [ti:meit] n. 同队队员;队友 courage [k rid ] n. 勇敢;勇气 guy [ɡa ] n.(非正式)家伙 (pl.)伙计们 pull [pul] v. 拉;拖 relief [rili:f] n. 轻松;解脱 nod [n d] v. 点头 agreement [ gri:m nt] n. (意见或看法)一致;同意 fault [f :lt] n. 过失;缺点 disappoint [dis p int] v. 使失望 unexpected [ n k spekt d] adj. 出乎意料的;始料不及的 backpack [ b kp k] n. 背包;旅行包 oversleep [ v sli p] v. 睡过头;睡得太久 block [bl k] n. 街区 worker [ w k ] n. 工作者;工人 stare [ste ] v. 盯着看;凝视 disbelief [d sb li f] n. 不信;怀疑 above [ b v] prep.在……上面;adv. 在上面 burn [b n] v. 着火;燃烧 alive [ la v] adj. 活着;有生气的 till [t l] prep.&conj. 到;直到 west [west] adv. 向西;朝西adj. 向西的;西部的 n. 西;西方 cream [kri m] n. 奶油;乳脂 workday [ w kde ] n. 工作日 pie [pa ] n. 果馅饼;果馅派 bean [bi n] 豆;豆荚 market [ mɑ k t] n. 市场;集市 fool [fu l] n. 蠢人;傻瓜 v. 愚弄 costume [ k stju m] n.(特定场合穿的)服装;装束 embarrassed [ m b r st] adj.窘迫的;害羞的 announce [ na ns] v. 宣布;宣告 spaghetti [sp geti] n. 意大利面 hoax [h ks] n. 骗局;恶作剧 discovery [d sk v ri] n. 发现;发觉 lady [ le di] n. 女士;女子 officer [ f s ] n. 军官;官员 believable [b li v bl] adj.可相信的;可信任的 disappear [d s p ] v. 消失;不见 embarrassing [ m b r s ] adj. 使人害羞的(难堪的或惭愧的) litter ['l t ] v. 乱扔 n. 垃圾;废弃物 bottom [ b t m] n. 底部;最下部 fisherman [ f m n] n. 渔民;钓鱼的人 coal [k l] n. 煤;煤块 ugly [ ɡli] adj. 丑陋的;难看的 advantage [ d vɑ nt d ] n.优点;有利条件 cost [k st] v. 花费n. 花费;价钱 wooden [ w d( )n] adj. 木制的;木头的 plastic ['pl st k] adj. 塑料的n. 塑料;塑胶 shark [' ɑ k] n. 鲨鱼 fin [f n] n.(鱼)鳍 cruel [ kru l] adj. 残酷的;残忍的 harmful [ hɑ mf l] adj. 有害的 chain [t e n] n. 链子;链条 ecosystem ['i k s st m] n. 生态系统 industry [ nd stri] n. 工业;行业 law [l ] n. 法律;法规 scientific [sa n't f k] adj. 科学上的;科学的 afford [ 'f d] v. 承担得起(后果);买得起 reusable [ri:'ju:z bl] adj.可重复使用的;可再次使用的 transportation [ tr nsp 'te n] n. 运输业;交通运输 recycle [ri 'sa kl] v. 回收利用;再利用 napkin 'n pk n] n. 餐巾;餐巾纸 gate [ge t] n. 大门 bottle [ b tl] n. 瓶;瓶子 president [ prez d nt] n. 负责人;主席;总统 inspiration [ nsp 're n] n. 灵感;鼓舞人心的人(或事物) iron ['a n] n. 铁 work [w k] n. (音乐、艺术)作品 metal ['metl] n. 金属 creativity [ kri e 't v t ] n. 创造力;独创性 survey n. 调查 standard n. 标准;水平 row n. 一排;一列;一行 keyboard n. 键盘式电子乐器;键盘 method n. 方法;措施 instruction n. 指示;命令 double v. 加倍;是……的两倍 adj.两倍的;加倍的 shall modal v. 将要;将会 overcome(overcame; overcome) v. 克服;战胜 graduate v. 毕业;获得学位 caring adj. 体贴人的;关心他人的 ours pron. 我们的 senior adj. 级别(或地位)高的 text n. 课文;文本 level n. 水平 degree n. (大学)学位;度数;程度 manager n. 经理;经营者 gentleman n. 先生;绅士 graduation n. 毕业 ceremony n. 典礼;仪式 congratulate v. 祝贺 thirsty adj. 渴望的;口渴的 thankful adj. 感激;感谢 lastly adv. 最后 task n. 任务;工作 ahead adv. 向前面;在前面 responsible adj. 有责任心的 separate adj. 单独的;分离的 v. 分开;分离 wing n. 翅膀;翼
词汇拓展 rather adv. 相当;相反 *would rather do宁愿 *would rather...than...宁愿(可)……也不愿…… drive v. 迫使;开车→drove vp.→driven vpp. *drive sb.crazy/mad 使人发疯,疯狂 lately adv. 最近,不久前 →late adj.晚的;最近的 *be late for迟到 power n. 权力,力量→powerful adj.有权力的;有力量的 banker n. 银行家→bank n.银行;河岸 fame n. 名声;声誉→famous adj.有名的 *be famous as作为...有名 *be famous for 因为...有名 examine v.(.仔细地)检查;检验→examination n.考试;测试 nor conj. & adv. 也不 *neither ... nor... 既不……也不…… wealth n. 财富→wealthy adj.富有的 uncomfortable adj. 使人不舒服的,令人不舒适的→comfortable adj.舒适的→comfort v.安慰/n.舒适 *be comfortable doing 做某事舒适 weight n. 重量;分量→weigh v.称重 *lose weight 减肥 kick v. 踢;踹 *kick sb.off 开除某人 courage n. 勇敢;勇气→encourage n.鼓励→discourage v.阻塞;时气馁 *encourage sb. to do 鼓励某人做某事 relief n. 轻松;解脱→relieve v.缓解;减轻 *to one’s relief 令某人松了一口气 nod v. 点头→nodded vp.→nodded vpp.→nodding 现在分词形式 agreement n. (意见或看法)一致;同意→agree v.同意→disagree v.不同意 * reach an agreement 达成协议 *agree with sb 同意某人 *agree to do同意去做某事 disappoint v. 使失望→disappointed adj.感到失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n.失望 *to one’s disappointment 让某人失望的是 unexpected adj. 出乎意料的;始料不及的→expect v.期待 *expect to do 期待做某事 *be expected to do 应该做某事 block n. 街区→block v.阻塞 worker n. 工作者;工人→work v.工作;奇效/n.工作;作品 stare v. 盯着看;凝视 *stare at 凝视 disbelief n. 不信;怀疑→belief n.相信→believe v.相信→believable adj.可相信的→unbelievable adj.不敢置信的 burn v. 着火;燃烧→burned vp./vpp./adj.烧焦的→burning 现在分词/ adj.燃烧的;着火的 alive adj. 活着;有生气的→live v.居住 embarrassed adj.窘迫的;害羞的→embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的→embarrass v.尴尬;窘迫 →embarrassment n.尴尬;难堪 announce v. 宣布;宣告→announcement n.宣布 discovery n. 发现;发觉→discover v.发现 officer n. 军官;官员→office n.办公室→official adj.正式的;官方的 disappear v. 消失;不见→appear v.出现→appearance n.出现;外貌 bottom n. 底部;最下部 *at the bottom of 在...底部 advantage n.优点;有利条件→disadvantage n.缺点;不利条件 cost v. 花费n. 花费;价钱 *at the cost of 以...为代价 wooden adj. 木制的;木头的→wood n.木头 harmful adj. 有害的→harm n.损害;伤害 *be harmful to对...有害 *do harm to 对...有害 law n. 法律;法规→lawyer n.律师 scientific adj. 科学上的;科学的→science n.科学→scientist n.科学家 afford v. 承担得起(后果);买得起 *afford sth/to do sth 买得起/负担得起做某事 reusable adj. 可重复使用的;可再次使用的→usable adj.可用的→use v.使用 transportation n. 运输业;交通运输→transport v.运输 inspiration n. 灵感;鼓舞人心的人(或事物)→inspire v.激励;鼓励 *inspire sb to do 激发某人做某事 creativity n. 创造力;独创性→create v.创造→creative adj.有创造力的 row n. 一排;一列;一行 *in a row 连续几次地 instruction n. 指示;命令→instruct v.指导;命令 graduate v. 毕业;获得学位→graduation n.毕业 *graduate from 从...毕业 caring adj. 体贴人的;关心他人的→care v.在乎;关心 *care for照顾;照料 *care about 关心;在乎; senior adj. 级别(或地位)高的→junior adj.级别(或地位)低的 *senior high(school ) 高中 manager n. 经理;经营者→manage v.管理;处理 8manage to do 设法成功做某事 congratulate v. 祝贺→congratulation n.祝贺 *congratulate on sb/sth 祝贺 thirsty adj. 渴望的;口渴的 *be thirsty for 渴望;渴求 thankful adj. 感激;感谢→thank v.感谢 *be thankful to sb. 对某人心存感激 lastly adv. 最后 *at last 最后 ahead adv. 向前面;在前面 *ahead of 在……前面 responsible adj. 有责任心的→responsibility n.责任 *be responsible for 对……有责任;负责任 separate adj. 单独的;分离的 v. 分开;分离 *separate from 分离;隔开
重点短语 1. make me sleepy 使我困倦 2. drive sb. crazy 使……发疯 3. the more…, the more 越……越…… 4. yes and no 好坏参半 5. be friends with sb. 是某人的朋友 6. feel left out 感觉被忽视 7. sleep badly 睡眠很差 8. don’t feel like eating 不想吃东西 9. for no reason 毫无理由 10. neither…nor… 既不……也不…… 11. let …down 使…...失望 12. take one’s position 替代我的职位 13. to start with 起初 14. get the exam result back 取考试成绩单 15. find out 发现 16. remain unhappy forever 仍旧永远不幸福 17. a shirt of a happy person 一件快乐人的衬衫 18.take a shower洗 浴 19. leave my backpack at home 把背包忘在家里 20. get back to school 返回学校 21. start teaching 开始教学 22. go off 响铃 23. rush out the door 冲出房门 23. give sb a lift 捎某人一程 24. miss both events 错过两个事件 25. full of unexpected 充满着不可预知性 26. be about to do sth 正要做某事 27. stare in disbelief at 难以置信地盯着。 28. raise above the burning building 从正在燃烧的楼上升起 29. collect the math homework 收数学作业 plete the work for my boss 完成老板的工作 31. show up 赶到,出现 32. add the green beans 加绿豆荚 33. at the bottom of the river 在河床底部 34. be full of the rubbish 充满了垃圾 35. throw litter into the river 把垃圾扔入河中 36. play a part in cleaning it up 尽一份力把它清理干净 37. land pollution 土地污染 38. fill the air with black smoke 使空气中充满了黑烟 39. cut down air pollution 减少空气污染 40. make a difference 产生影响 41. take action 采取行动 42. turn off 关掉 43. pay for 付费 44. add up 累加 45. use public transportation 使用公共交通 46. recycle books and paper 回收书和废纸 47. use paper napkins 使用纸巾 48. turn off the shower 关掉喷头 49. ride in cars 开车出行 50. look forward to doing sth 期望做某事 51. win a prize 获奖 52. do a school survey 做一个学校调查 53. meet the standard of a strict teacher 满足一位要求严格的老师的要求 54. meet this group of friends 遇到这群朋友 55. score two goals in a row 连续踢进两个球 56. learn to play the keyboard 学会弹钢琴 57. be patient with sb 对……有耐心 58. work out the answer yourself 自己找出答案 59. guide sb to do sth 指导某人做某事 60. put in more effort 更加努力 61. look back at 回首 62. pride of overcoming fear 克服恐惧感的自豪 63. make a great big mess 弄得一团糟 64. keep my cool 保持我的清高 65. try to be on time for morning reading 尽力赶上早读
重点句型 1. --I’d rather go to Blue Ocean because I like to listen to quiet music while I’m eating. --But that music make me sleepy. --更愿意到蓝海洋餐厅,因为我喜欢在吃饭时听轻音乐。--但那种音乐使我困倦。 2. Waiting for Amy drove Tina crazy. 等候艾米使蒂娜发狂。 The movie was so sad that it made Tina and Amy cry. 这部电影是如此悲伤以致使蒂娜和艾米都哭了。 4.Sad movies don’t make John cry. They just make him want to leave quickly.悲伤的电影没有让约翰哭他们只能使他想尽快离开。 5.Loud music makes me nervous. 吵闹的音乐使我紧张。 6.Soft and quiet music makes me relax. 轻柔的音乐使我放松。 7.Money and fame don’t always make people happy. 金钱和名誉并不总能使人幸福。 8.She said that the sad movie made her cry. 她说悲伤的电影使她哭泣。 9.Loud music makes me nervous. 吵闹的音乐使我紧张。 10.Before she got a chance to say goodbye, he had gone into the building.在她得到一个向他告别的机会之前,他已经进入楼房了。 By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower. 当我起床时,我哥哥已经进了浴室了。 12.By the time I got outside, the bus had already gone.当我出来时,公汽已经走了。 13.When I got to school, I realized I had left my backpack at home.当我到达学校时,我才意识到我把背包忘在家里了。 14.By the time I walked into class, the teacher had started teaching already. 当我走进教室时,老师已经开始讲课了。 15.By the time I arrived at the party, everyone else had already showed up. 当我到达晚会时, 其他的每个人都已经到了。 16.When he put the noodles into the bowl, he realized he had forgotten to add the green beans.当他把面条放进碗里时,他意识到他忘了添加绿豆荚了。 17.Even the bottom of the river was full of rubbish. 即使河底都充满垃圾。 18.Everyone in town should play a part in cleaning it up. 城里的每个人都应当尽一份力把它清理干净。 19.The air is badly polluted because there are too many cars on the road these days. 空气被严重污染因为如今路上的汽车太多了。 20.To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving.为了减少空气污染,我们应当乘坐公汽或地铁而不是开车。 21. I used to be able to see stars in the sky. 我过去能在天空中看到星星。 22. The air has become really polluted around here. I’m getting very worried. 这儿的空气真的已经被污染了,我非常担心。 23. No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health. 没有科学研究说明鱼鳍对人们的健康有好处。 24.—What happened in Grade 7 that was special 在七年级时发什么了什么特别的事? —Our team won the school basketball competition. 我们队赢了学校的蓝球比赛。 25.—How have you changed since you started junior high school 你上中学后有什么变化? — I've become much better at speaking English. 我在说英语上比以前更好。 26.—How do you think things will be different in senior high school 你认为在高中会有什么 不同? —I think that I'll have to study much harder for exams. 我想我将更加为考试努力学习。 — What are your plans for next year 你明的计划是什么? — I'm going to join the school volleyball team. 我将加入学校排球队。 28.—What do you remember about Grade 8. 关于八年级你记得什么? —I remember being a volunteer.我记得当一名志愿者。 29.—What do you use to do that you don't do now 你以前做而现在不做的事是什么? —I used to take dance lessons, but I don't anymore. 我以前上舞蹈课,但现在不上了。 30.—What are you looking forward to 你期望做什么? —I'm looking forward to going to senior high school. 我期望上高中。
知识点
◆考点1 1. make的句式构成
(1)make+ sb.+形容词,make是谓语动词,sb.是make的宾语,后面的形容词在此作宾语补足语。例如:
Rainy days make me sad. 雨天让我很悲伤。
What he said made the teacher angry. 他说的话让老师很生气。
(2)make+ sb.+过去分词,此处的过去分词相当于形容词作宾补。例如:
Waiting for him in the rain made me annoyed.在雨中等他让我很烦。
(3)make+ sb. +动词原形,此处的动词原形也叫省略to的不定式作宾补。例如:
Sad movies always make me cry. 伤感的电影经常让我哭泣。
Loud music makes her want to dance. 高声的音乐让她想跳舞。
(4)be made to+动词原形,此处是make的被动语态,要还原动词不定式的to,即be made to do sth.意为“被使做某事”。例如:
The boss made him work for 15 hours a day.
→He was made to work for 15 hours a day by the boss.老板使他一天工作15个小时。
◆考点2 Why don’t you ask Alice to join you each time you do something with Julie
Why don’t you do sth. 是一个否定疑问句,意为“为什么不……?”常用来征求意见和提出建议,相当于“Why not do sth. ”例如:
Why don’t you go with us = Why not go with us 为什么不同我们一起去呢?
Why don’t you go swimming = Why not go swimming 为什么不去游泳呢?
◆考点3 Neither medicine nor rest can help him.
neither ...nor... 是固定结构,意为“既不……也不……”,表示两者都否定。例如:
It’s neither cold nor hot. 天气既不冷也不热。
He neither knows nor cares what happened. 他对所发生的事既不知道也不关心。
【拓展】辨析neither...nor...;both…and…;either…or…
这三个词组都可用作连词,但搭配和意义各不相同。总的说来,要注意它们应连接两个平行对等的句子成分(即同为两个主语、谓语、宾语、状语等)。
(1)both…and…表示两者兼有。例如:
She was both tired and hungry. 她又累又饿。
He speaks both English and French. 他既说英语又说法语。
(2)either…or…表示两者或两种可能性中任择其一。例如:
He must be either mad or drunk. 他不是疯了就是醉了。
You can either write or phone to request a copy. 你可以写信可打电话来索取一本。
【注意】
以上连词连接主语时,both…and…一般只与复数谓语连用,either…or…和neither…nor…则通常根据就近原则,要求谓语动词与最邻近主语的人称、数保持一致。例如:
Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错就是我错。
Neither he nor she was at home. 他和她都不在家。
Both New York and London have traffic problems. 纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。
◆精题巧练
1.(2023·四川达州·统考中考真题)—Neither Lily nor her parents ________ outdoors when the rainstorm came.
—________ lucky they were!
A.were; What B.was; How C.were; How
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——暴雨来临时,莉莉和她的父母都不在户外。——他们真幸运!
考查主谓一致和感叹句。neither...nor连接的并列成分作主语时,遵循就近原则,根据“her parents”可知be动词用were,排除B;感叹句的中心词是形容词lucky,用感叹结构how adj.+主谓。故选C。
2.【2023辽宁本溪辽阳葫芦岛】9. I tried to buy the dictionary in two bookstores, but ________ of them had it.
A. both B. all C. neither D. none
【答案】C
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:我试着在两家书店买这本字典,但它们都没有卖。both(两者)都;all(三者及以上)都;neither(两者)都不;none(三者及以上)都不。根据“I tried to buy the dictionary in two bookstores, but…”可知,这两家书店都没有我想买的书。故选C。
◆考点4 How long did it take the general to find the happy man
(1)how long意为“多长时间”,询问某一动作或状态持续了多久,故句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词或表示状态的连系动词。例如:
How long do you watch TV 你看电视多长时间了?
How long can I keep the book 这本书我可以借多久?
(2)how long还可用来询问长度。例如:
How long is the river 这条河多长?
【拓展】辨析:how often, how soon与how long
词语 词义 用法 答语特征
how often 多久一次 询问动作的频率 often, twice a week等
how soon 多快,过多久 询问时间多快 in+ 一段时间
how long 多久;多长 询问时间多久;询问长度 for/about+一段时间;具体数字+长度单位
◆精题巧练
1.【2023江苏连云港】6. —________ have you been a member of the Youth League
—For three years.
A. How long B. How many C. How often D. How far
【答案】A
【解析】考查特殊疑问句。句意:——你成为共青团员有多长时间了?——三年了。How long多久,多长;How many多少;How often多久一次;How far多远。根据答句“For three years.”可知询问时长应用how long来提问。故选A。
2.【2023四川自贡市】4. —______ do you help at the old people’s home
—Once a week. We should care about the old more.
A. How long B. How often C. How soon
【答案】B
【解析】考查特殊疑问句。句意:——你多久到养老院帮忙一次?——一周一次。我们应该多关心老人。How long多长时间;How often多久一次;How soon多久以后。根据“Once a week.”可知,此处询问频率,故用How often提问。故选B。
【2023甘肃武威、白银市】8. —________ do you exercise
—Every day.
A. How many B. How old C. How much D. How often
【答案】D
【解析】考查疑问词辨析。句意:——你多久锻炼一次?——每天。How many多少,询问复数名词数量;How old多大年纪;How much多少,询问价格;How often多久一次,询问频率。根据“Every day.”可知,询问的是频率。故选D。
◆考点5 How could you have missed scoring that goal
“can / could have done”表示“对过去某种情况的怀疑或不确定”。can和could一般用于否定句和疑问句,could的语气较can弱。例如:
I didn’t see her at the meeting this morning, she can’t / couldn’t have spoken at the meeting.
早上会议上我没看见她,她不可能在会议上发言。
He can’t have finished the work so soon.他不可能这么快就完成工作。
【拓展】
(1)must have done 表示“对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测”,语气比较坚定,通常只用于肯定句。例如:
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 一定下过雨了,地面很湿。
(2)should have done常谈论过去的情况,主要用于指“本该发生而实际上未发生的事”。例如:
You should have told me so before.你早就应该告诉我。
Look at the time! We should have been at the theatre ten minutes ago.
瞧,都什么时候了!十分钟前我们就该到戏院了。
(3)may / might have done表示“对已发生的动作或存在的状态进行不是很肯定的推测”,might的语气比may弱一点。这种结构主要用于肯定句和否定句。例如:
He may have already done his work. 他也许已经做完了工作。
◆考点6 But I think if we continue to pull together, we’re going to win the next one.
pull together 是固定搭配,意为“齐心协力;通力合作”。pull是动词,意为“拖;拉”。其反义词是“push”,意为“推”。例如:
If we pull together, we can succeed.如果我们齐心协力,我们就能成功。
They pulled together and got over all the difficulties.他们通力合作,战胜了所有的困难。
【拓展】pull 构成的常见固定搭配:
pull down 拆毁;pull back 撤退;pull out出站
◆精题巧练
1.【2019 四川省广元市】Many old trees and houses __________ by the terrible rainstorm last night.
A. are pulled down B. were pulled down C. will be pulled down
【答案】B
【解析】考查一般过去时被动语态用法。句意:昨晚,很多老树和旧房子被可怕的暴雨摧毁了。“are pulled down”是一般现在时被动语态;“were pulled down”是一般过去时被动语态; “will be pulled down”是一般将来时被动语态。根据本句的时间“last night”(昨天晚上)可知用一般过去时被动语态,故选B。
◆考点7 Life is full of the unexpected.
be full of意为“充满”,相当于be filled with。例如:
The glass is full of water.=The glass is filled with water.杯子里装满了水。
The classroom is full of different boys and girls.教室里挤满了不同的男孩女孩。
◆考点8 What happened to Dave on April Fool’s Day
(1)happen是不及物动词,意思是“发生”,和动词短语takeplace是同义词。它们共同特点是: 都是不及物动词,没有被动语态形式;都是非延续性动词,不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。它们的不同点是:happen是表示偶然性的、出乎意料之外的事情发生;takeplace表示必然性的发生或者计划、策划好的事情发生。例如:
What happened to you on the road yesterday 昨天晚上你在路上发生什么事情?
Great changes have taken place in China since 1978. 自1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。
(2) happen构成的动词短语有:happen to somebody 表示“(某事)发生在某人的身上”。happen to do something=do something by accident 表示“偶然做某事”的意思。例如:
An accident happened to him after drinking too much.他喝醉酒之后发生了一场事故。
I happened to meet your mother yesterday.昨天我偶然遇见你的妈妈。
◆考点9 Welles made it sound so real that hundreds of people believed the story …
so...that意思是“如此……以至于……”,中间用形容词或者副词,so修饰词形容词或副词,形容词后一般没有名词,that的后面是表示结果的状语从句。而同义短语such...that的中间有名词,such修饰此名词。例如:
Our teacher is so kind that all of us like him.我们的老师是如此好心以至于我们都喜欢他。
He runs so fast that nobody in my class can catch up with him.他跑得那么快,我们班没有人能追上他。
It is such an interesting film that all of us like it.它是一部如此有兴趣的电影以至于我们都喜欢它。
He had such long arms that he could almost touch his knees.他的胳膊很长,几乎就能够到他的膝盖。
【注意】
如果名词前的形容词是表示数量的few、little、many、much仍要用so修饰。例如:
There are so many people in the room that we could not get in.房间里那么多的人,我们都进不去。
【拓展】
so that意思是“以便于、为了”,引导表示目的的状语从句。例如:
We got up early this morning so that we can catch the first bus.
我们今天早上起床很早是为了能赶上第一班公共汽车。
◆精题巧练
1.(2020湖南岳阳)4.The movie Nezha is_______ educational ______ I want to see it again.
A.so; that B.such; that C.too; to
【答案】A
【解析】句意:《哪吒》这部电影是如此的有教育意义以至于我想再看一遍。
考查连词辨析。so…that和such…that都是“如此……以至于……”的意思,so后修饰形容词或副词,句型是so+形容词或副词+that从句;such后修饰名词,句型是:such a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that从句或such+形容词+可数名词复数或不可数名词+that从句;too…to这一结构意为“太……以至于不能……”,后面跟动词原形,题目中第二个空后是句子,因此C不对;第一个空后educational是形容词,应用so…that结构,故选A。
◆考点10 As I was waiting in line with other office workers, I heard…
as是连词,意为“当……时候”,引导时间状语从句,强调两个动作同时发生;或某事发生的过程中另一件事发生;或某事一发生,另一件事立即发生。例如:
We walked into the garden as the music stopped.音乐声一停,我们就走进了花园。
【拓展】
as的用法颇多,现将所学的其他用法归纳如下:
(1) as作连词:
1) “像……一样、如……”,常用于比较状语从句或方式状语从句。例如:
I can’t run as fast as I used to. 我跑得不如过去那样快。
You must do everything as I do. 你必须按照我做的那样去做每件事。
2) “因为,既然”,引导原因状语从句。例如:
As we are both tired, let’s stop to have a rest.
既然我们都累了,让我们停下来休息会吧。
3) “正如,照……方法”,常引导非限制性定语从句。例如:
As we all know, the earth travels around the sun.
众所周知,地球绕着太阳转。
(2)as作介词,意为“好像;作为、当作”。例如:
I work in Beijing as a guider 我在北京当导游。
◆精题巧练
1.(2020辽宁营口)The clever boy called 120 ____________ his mother fell down in the kitchen.
although B.as soon as C.as long as D.until
【答案】B
【解析】句意:妈妈一摔倒在厨房里,这个聪明的男孩就叫了120。
考查连词辨析。although尽管;as soon as一……就……;as long as只要;until直到。根据The clever boy called 120及his mother fell down in the kitchen,可知,男孩的妈妈一摔倒,他就叫了120,强调两个动作几乎同时发生,所以空格处填as soon as。故选B。
2.(2020辽宁大连)He was so tired that he fell asleep ___he went to bed.
A.as if B.even though C.ever since D.as soon as
【答案】D
【解析】句意:他是如此的劳累,以至于一躺床上就睡着了。
考查状语从句。as if 好像;even though 即使;ever since 自从;as soon as 一……就……。根据句意及常识,很劳累的人一般是一躺床上就睡着了。故选D。
◆考点11 And remember to throw rubbish in the bins and keep public places clean and beautiful for everyone.
remember作动词,意为“记得”。与forget意思相反。例如:Please remember his name. 请记得他的名字。
【拓展】
(1)remember to do sth.表示“记得要做某事”,事情还没有做。例如:
Remember to turn off the light when you leave. 离开时记得关灯。
(2)remember doing sth.表示“记得曾经做过某事”,事情已经做过了。例如:
He remembered going to Shanghai with his parents when he was five years old.
他记得五岁时曾经和父母去过上海。
◆考点12 Many have heard of shark fin soup.
hear of意为“听说,听到”,相当于hear about。 例如:I have never heard of him. 我从来没听人说起过他。
【拓展】hear;hear of与hear from的辨析:
(1)hear“听见,听说”。当“听见”讲时,强调结果,可直接带宾语或用于hear sb. / sth. do/ doing sth.意为“听见某人/某物(在)做某事”,当“听说”时,后面常接从句。例如:
Can you hear a bird singing in the tree now 你现在能听见鸟在树上唱歌吗?
I heard that she passed the exam. 我听说她通过考试了。
(2)hear of“听说,得知”,后面接名词或代词,指听到某人或某事的存在或消息。例如:
Jim disappeared and nobody heard of him. Jim不知去向,没有人再听到他的消息。
(3)hear from“收到……来信”,后面常接人作宾语。例如:
Have you ever heard from your pen pal 你是否收到过笔友的来信。
◆考点13 It’s good for health and it doesn’t cost anything.
cost是动词,意为“花费”。它的主语一般是事物,其后接表示金钱的名词作宾语。例如:
The coat cost me 200 yuan. 那件外套花了我200元。
【拓展】表示“花费”的spend、take、cost和pay的辨析:
词语 主语 结构
spend 人(sb.) sb. spends + 时间或金钱+ (in) doing sth. /on sth.
take it作形式主语 It takes sb. some time to do sth.(真正主语)
pay 人(sb.) sb. pays + 金钱+ for sth.
cost sth.(物) sth. costs sb. + 金钱
◆考点14 What about waste pollution
What about意为“……怎么样?”,可用来询问有关情况、提出建议或征求意见等。about是介词,后面接名词、代词或动名词,即:
what about + sb./sth. (可接表示人或物的名词及代词)
what about + doing sth.
例如:
What about sitting in the garden 在花园里坐坐怎么样?
I’m going to the park. What about you 我要去公园,你呢?
【拓展】
What about… 与How about通常可以互换,后接名词、代词或动名词,但不能接动词不定式或动词原形。
◆考点15 They have even asked governments to develop laws to stop the sale of shark fins.
ask sb. to do sth.为固定结构,意为“要求某人做某事”,其否定形式为ask sb. not to do sth.,意为“要求某人别做某事”。例如:
He asks Tom to stay with him. 他要求汤姆跟他一起留下。
Miss Zhang asks Jack not to come late again. 张老师要求杰克不要再迟到了。
【拓展】ask的常见搭配:
(1) 与介词 for 连用,有“要求得到”的意思。例如:
Mary asks her father for money.玛丽向她父亲要钱。
(2) 与about 连用,表示询问或打听关于某事的情况。例如:
Uncle Hill asked about you the other day.前些日子希尔大叔问起过你。
◆考点16 She helped you to work out the answers yourself no matter howdifficult they were.她帮助你自己算出答案,无论它们有多难。
no matter常与疑问代词或疑问副词一起构成连词词组引导让步状语从句,意为“不管 ,无论 ”,在运用时应注意以下几点:
一、注意从句的时态
由no matter what/who/where/when 引导的从句往往用一般现在时或一般过去时。如:No matter who you are, youmust obey the rules. 无论你是谁,都应该遵守规则。
二、注意被修饰的名词、形容词以及副词的位置
no matter what/whose/which修饰名词时,该名词必须紧跟其后;no matter how修饰形容词或副词时,该形容词或副词也必须紧跟其后。如:
No matter how hard he works,he find it difficult to make ends meet.
无论他多么努力工作,却总是入不敷出。
三、注意“no matter+疑问词”结构与“疑问词+ever”在用法上的区别
1. “no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句,这时可以和“疑问词+ever”互换。如:
No matter where he may be (=Wherever he maybe), he will behappy. 他无论在什么地方都快乐。
2. 而“疑问词+ever”还可以引导名词性从句。如:
Give this book to whoeverlikes it. 谁喜欢这本书就给谁吧。(这里不能用no matter who。)
3. whoever既可引导名词性从句,又有在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等;whomever也可引导名词性从句,但只能在从句中作宾语。如:
You may invite whomever you like.
4. whatever表示“无论什么”,没有一定的范围限制;
whichever表示“无论哪一个、无论哪些”,其后可接一个名词。如:
Eat whichever cake you like
◆精题巧练
1.We'll nevergive up working on the experiment (实验), ______ difficult it is.
A. no matter how B. no matter how many
C. no matter what D. no matter where
【答案】A
【解析】 试题分析:句意:不管有多么难,我们绝不会放弃这个实验。A. no matter how无论怎样;B. no matter how many无论多少;C. no matter what无论什么;D. no matter where无论在哪。结合句意,故选A
考点:考查疑问词的用法。
2.____you get there, please be there in time,because_____ is late won't be admitted into the meeting hall.
A. No matter how; no matter who
B. However; no matter who
C. No matter how; whomever
D. However; whoever
【答案】A
【解析】考点:考察no matter+疑问词和疑问词+ever的区别.
◆考点16 I. none, no one, nobody
none既可指人又可指物,意为“没有任何人或物;一个人也没有”,后可跟of短语连用,既可指人又可指物,作主语时,谓语动词用单数或复数均可。强调数量,可用来回答how many / how much问句。例如:
—Have you bought any clothes?你买衣服了?
—None.一件也没买。
None of us has/have been to Macao.我们没有一个人去过澳门。
no one=nobody,只能指人,意为“没有人”;表示泛指“没有人”,作主语时,谓语动词只能用单数, no one等于nobody,不强调数量,可用来回答who问句。
例如:
1) --- Who’s in the classroom 谁在教室里?
--- No one. / Nobody. 没有人在教室里。
No one can do it.没有人能作此事。
nothing只能指物,表示“没有什么(东西)”。它们不可与of短语连用,作主语时谓语动词只能用单数。例如:
Nobody(No one)likes to lose money,does he?
谁也不喜欢丢钱,对吗?
There's nothing in the bag.口袋里什么也没有。
注意:
(1)none指的是三者或三者以上的人或物中“没有一个”,如果指两者中“没有一个”应用neither。请比较:
There are many apples in the basket, but none of them are of fresh. 篮子里有许多苹果,但没有一个是新鲜的。
Neither of his parents is at home.他的父母都不在家。
(2)nothing=not anything,意为“没有任何东西;没有什么”。它表示的是事物的种类。如:
Nothing is found on the table.桌子上什么也没有。
(3)no one=nobody,只能指人,不能指物,语气比none强,后面不能接of构成的短语。noone作主语时,谓语动词只能用单数形式。如:
No one/Nobody likes a person with bad manners.没有人喜欢不讲礼貌的人。
(4)用于简略回答时,none用来回答由How many 和How much 引起的问句以及含“any(of)+名词”构成的一般疑问句;no one/nobody用来回答Who 问句及含anybody构成的一般疑问句;而nothing则用来回答What 问句及含anything构成的一般疑问句。如:
—How much water is there in the bottle 瓶子里有多少水?
—None.一点也没有。
—What’s on the table 桌上有什么?
—Nothing.什么也没有。
—Who will go to the party 谁将去参加晚会?
—No one/Nobody.没人去。
◆精题巧练
1.____ of the students has finished the exam, so ___ has comeout of the classroom.
A. None, no one B. Nobody, none
C. No one, nobody D.None,not anyone
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析:句意:所有的学生都没有完成考试,所以没有一个人离开教室。None of后面加名词的复数形式,表示全部否定;no one没有一个人,否定代词,谓语动词用单数形式;nobody没人。故选A。
考点:考查不定代词。
2.(2020四川凉山)14.—All the volunteers were very tired, but _____of them had a rest.
—They were busy helping the firemen.
both. B.neither C.all D.none
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——所有的志愿者都非常疲倦,但是他们没有一个人休息。——他们忙着帮助消防员。
考查代词。both 两者都;neither 两者都不;all 全都(三者或三者以上);none 全都不(三者或三者以上)。此处代指All the volunteers,可知人数在三者或三者以上,故排除AB。根据答语They were busy helping the firemen.可知志愿者都在帮助消防员,没有人休息。应是表示否定意义的none。故选D。
3.(2020安徽)6.—This time, we must depend on ourselves to solve the problem.
—I agree. but we ourselves can find a way out.
Everybody B.Nobody C.Somebody D.Anybody
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——这一次,我们必须依靠我们自己来解决问题。——我同意。除了我们自己,没有人能找到出路。考查不定代词。Everybody每个人,一般用于肯定句中;Nobody没有人,一般用在肯定句中表示否定意思;Somebody某人,一般用于肯定句;Anybody任何人,一般用于否定句或疑问句中。根据上文we must depend on ourselves to solve the problem. 我们必须依靠我们自己来解决问题,可知是除了我们自己,没有人能找到出路,but除……以外,所以Nobody符合题意,nobody but除了……没有人……;故答案选B。
4.(2020湖北武汉)13.—Although these were good students, ______________ of them had a score above 60.
—I can’t believe it!
A.none B.no one C.some D.all
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——虽然这些都是好学生,但他们的分数都没有超过60分。——我真不敢相信!
考查不定代词。none没有一个,强调数量,常与of连接;no one没有人;some一些;all所有,三者或三者以上都。题中Although引导让步状语从句,由此可推出此处是说尽管是好学生,但都没超过60分,表示否定含义,排除CD;此处强调没有一个,用none而不用no one,排除B。故选A。
语法点
◆ 过去完成时☆
概念
过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间可用by, before等构成的短语,也可用when, before等引导的从句或通过上下文提示等。如
His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the magazine he had long expected.
当他终于收到他盼望已久的杂志时,他兴奋得两眼闪光。
结构
肯定句 sb had+vpp. We had reached the top of the hill before midnight. 在半夜之前我们已登上了山顶。
否定句 hadn’t +vpp They hadn’t finished the work when we got there. 我们到那儿时,他们还没有完成工作。
一般疑问句 疑问句要把had提到句首; Yes, 主语+ had. No, 主语+ hadn’t. —Had he told you to go there earlier yesterday 他昨天告诉过你早点儿到那儿吗 —Yes, he had. (No, he hadn’t.) 是的,他告诉了。(不,他没有。)
用法
1)过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。
Helen had left her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband came home.
海伦把钥匙忘到办公室里了,因此她不得不等她丈夫回来。
When we got to the cinema, the film had already begun.当我们到达电影院时,电影已经开始了。
He told me that he had visited the Great Wall before.他告诉我他以前参观过长城。
2)表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始,一直延续到过去的这一时间,而且还可能继续下去的动作,常和for, since构成的短语或引导的从句连用。
By the time I left the school, he had taught the class for 3 years.到我毕业时,他已经教那个班三年了。
He said he had made great progress since he came here.他说自从他来这里他已经取得了很大进步。
3)放在said,told,asked,thought,wondered等过去时动词的后面,表示在这些动作发生之前已经发生了的事情。
My friend told me that he had passed the exam.我的朋友告诉我,他已通过了考试。
He asked me whether I had seen the film the night before.他问我前一天晚上是否看过那部电影。
She wondered who had left the door open.她想知道谁敞着门的。
【拓展】
1)用在“It was the first/second/third…time that…”句型中。
在此句型中,主句用了一般过去时,that引导的定语从句要用过去完成时。
This was the first time they had met in thirty-nine years.这是三十九年后他们第一次见面。
It was the first time we had spoken together.这是我们第一次在一起说话。
2)当before , after, as soon as 等引导的从句里的动作与主句的动作紧密衔接时,由于这些连词本身已经说明了两个动作发生的先后关系,因此两个动作均可用一般过去时表示。
We had breakfast after we did morning exercises.做完早操之后,我们吃早饭。
The train started to move just before we reached the station.我们到车站时火车刚开动。
As soon as they got there, they started to study.他们一到那里就开始学习了。
◆精题巧练
1.— Jim, why didn't you go to Beijing by train
— Bad luck! When I got to the station, the train ________.
A. left B. had already left C. has already left D. has been left
【答案】 B
【解析】【分析】句意:——吉姆,你为什么不坐火车去北京呢?——真倒霉!我到车站时,火车已经开走了。根据When I got to the station 可知,到那是过去时,离开是过去的过去,使用过去完成时,had done,故选B。
2.By the time I ________ on the TV, Beckham ________ two goals.
A. turned; have scored B. turned; had scored
C. had turned; have scored D. had turned; had scored
【答案】 B
【解析】【分析】句意:当我打开电视的时候,贝克汉姆已经进了两个球。本句是时间状语从句,by the time到…时候为止,用于一般过去时,可排除CD选项。从句用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时,需用“had+过去分词”结构,可排除A;根据句意结构,可知,故选B。
3.Jake _____his key in the office so he had to wait until his wife _______ home.
A. has forgotten … comes B. forgot… come
C. had left… came D. had left…would come
【答案】 C
【解析】句意:杰克把他的钥匙丢在办公室了,因此他不得不等到他的妻子回家。结合语境可知前文描述的是过去某时前已经完成的动作,故用过去完成时态。下文指的是过去某时的动作,故用一般过去时态。选C。
4.— What do you think of the young lady
— She is hard-working. She ________ all her effort into her work before she got ill.
A. has put B. put C. had put D. would put
【答案】 C
【解析】句意:——你认为这位小姐怎样?——她很勤奋。她生病前把她所有的精力都投入到她的工作中。根据时间状语从句before she got ill.可知主句动作是过去的过去,该用过去完成时态:had+过去分词,故答案为C。
5.By the time the alarm clock went off, My mother had already _________.
A. wake me up B. wake up me C. waken up me D. waken me up
【答案】 D
【解析】句意:闹钟响时,我妈妈已经把我叫起来了。根据句意,动词应用过去完成时,用had +动词的过去分词。wake up是动副结构,代词作宾语必须放中间,故选D。
◆ 时态混合☆☆☆☆☆
一般现在时
1、概念:表示经常发生的情况;有规律出现的情况;总是发生的;事实真理。
2.时间状语:Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week (day, year, month…), on Sundays (on Mondays…), etc.
3.基本结构:主语+动词原形(如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要改为第三人称单数形式)
4.否定形式:主语+am / is / are+not+其他;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加 don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用 doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:把 be 动词放于句首;用助动词 do 提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用 does,同时,还原行为动词。eg:
①It seldom snows here. 这里很少下雪。
②He is always ready to help others. 他总是乐于帮助别人。
③Action speaks louder than words. 事实胜雄辩。
一般过去时
1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语:ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week,last (year,night,month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time,etc.
3.基本结构:主语+动词的过去式或 be 的过去式+名词
4.否定形式:主语+was / were+not+其他;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:was 或 were 放于句首;用助动词 do 的过去式 did 提问,同时还原行为动词。eg:
①She often came to help us in those days.那些天她经常来帮助我们。
②I didn't know you were so busy.我不知道你这么忙。
一般将来时
1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.时间状语:Tomorrow, next day (week,month, year…), soon, in a few minutes, by…, the day after tomorrow,etc.
3.基本结构:主语+am/is / are+going to+do+其它;主语+will / shall+do+其它
4.否定形式:主语+am /is/ are not going to+do;主语+will / shall not do+其它
5.一般疑问句:be 放于句首;will / shall 提到句首。(首字母大写)eg:
①They are going to have a competition with us in studies.他们将在学习中与我们竞争。
②It is going to rain.天要下雨了。
一般过去将来时
1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
2.时间状语:The next day (morning, year…), the following month (week…), etc.
3.基本结构:主语+was / were+going to+do+其它;主语+would / should+do+其它
4.否定形式:主语+was / were+not+going to+do+其它;主语+would/should+not+do.
5.一般疑问句:was 或 were 放于句首;would / should 提到句首eg:
①He said he would go to Beijing the next day. 他说他第二天要去北京。
②I asked who was going there. 我问,谁要去那里。
现在进行时
1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语:Now, at this time, days, look, listen, etc.
3.基本结构:主语+be+doing+其它
4.否定形式:主语+be+not+doing+其它
5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。eg:
①Are you feeling good today 你今天感觉如何
②He is doing well in his lessons.在课上他表现得很好。
过去进行时
1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time 或以 when 引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3.基本结构:主语+was / were+doing+其它
4.否定形式:主语+was/were+not+doing+其它
5.一般疑问句:把 was 或 were 放于句首。(第一个字母大写)eg:
①At that time she was working in a company. 那段时间她在一家公司工作。
②When he came in, I was reading a newspaper. 他进来时,我正在读报纸。
现在完成时
1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语:yet, already, just, never, ever, so far, by now, since+时间点,for+时间段,recently, lately, in the past few years,etc.
3.基本结构:主语+have / has+过去分词+其它
4.否定形式:主语+have / has+not+过去分词+其它
5.一般疑问句:have 或 has 放句首。eg:
①I've written an article. 我已经写了一篇论文。
②The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. 在过去的几年,农村发生了巨大的变化。
过去完成时
1.概念:过去发生或者已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语:before, by the end of last year (term, month), etc.
3.基本结构:had+done.
4.否定形式:had+not+done.
5.一般疑问句:had 放于句首。
6.用法:
(1)在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句中。eg:
She said (that) she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她从来没有去过巴黎。
(2)在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。eg:
①When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时,小偷们早就跑了。
(3)表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean,suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"。eg:
①We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来,但是你没有来。
②I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 我刚打开门,他就打了我。
(注意:had hardly… when... 刚......就......)
③He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车,转眼又卖了。
(注意:had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……)
◆精题巧练
1.【2023四川凉山州】11. —Are you going to see the panda Huahua at the Chengdu Research Base tomorrow
—Sure. If I ________ the chance, perhaps I can’t see her any longer this holiday.
A. miss B. missed C. will miss
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:——你明天要去成都研究基地看熊猫花花吗?——当然。如果我错过了这个机会,也许这个假期我就再也见不到她了。
if引导的条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则,从句用一般现在时,主语是I,动词用原形,故选A。
2.【2023甘肃武威、白银市】17. That was the best meal I’ve ________.
A. ever been to B. ever chatted with C. ever read D. eaten in a long time
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析和短语。句意:这是我很长时间以来吃过的最好的一顿饭。have been to去过;have chatted with和……聊天;have read已阅读;have eaten in a long time在很长一段时间吃过的。根据“the best meal”可知是指吃饭,故选D。
3.【2023云南省】7. —Where is your brother
—Look! He ________ basketball on the playground.
A. plays B. played C. is playing D. was playing
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:——你哥哥在哪里?——看!他正在操场上打篮球。根据“Where is your brother ”以及“Look!”可知此处是指哥哥正在操场上打篮球,应用现在进行时,故选C。
4.【2023湖南省株洲市】7. When my friend called me yesterday, I ________ my mom in the kitchen.
A. helped B. is helping C. was helping
【答案】C
【解析】考查过去进行时。句意:当我的朋友昨天给我打电话的时候,我正在厨房帮我妈妈。根据“When my friend called me yesterday”可知在描述昨天朋友给我打电话时,我在做的事情,主句应用过去进行时,故选C。
5.【2023黑龙江绥化市】10. —Where is your father, Kate
—Look, mom! He ________ a newspaper in the garden.
A. reads B. read C. is reading
【答案】C
【解析】考查现在进行时。句意:——凯特,你爸爸在哪里?——看,妈妈!他正在花园里看报纸。根据“Look, mom!”可知此处应用现在进行时表示正在发生的动作,其谓语结构为:am/is/are+现在分词。故选C。
6.【2023黑龙江绥化市】16. She said that the earth ________ around the sun.
A. traveled B. travels C. travel
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意:她说地球绕太阳运行。根据“the earth...around the sun”可知此处是客观事实,用一般现在时,主语是the earth,谓语动词用单三。故选B。
7.【2023四川乐山】9. —Mum, where is Tony
—He ________ to watch a football match. He will be back later.
A. has gone B. went C. goes
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:——妈妈,托尼在哪里?——他去看足球比赛了。他一会儿就回来。根据“He will be back later.”可知,托尼去看足球比赛了,还没有回来,应用现在完成时,have gone to“去了(未回)”,故选A。
8.【2023湖北省鄂州市】8. — What do you think of Ezhou, Li Ming
— It ________ a lot since we started to build Huahu Airport.
A. changed B. has changed C. changes D. is changing
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意:——李明,你认为鄂州怎么样?——自从我们开始建造花湖机场,它变化了很多。根据“since we started to build Huahu Airport”可知要用现在完成时,其结构为have/has done。故选B。
9.2023黑龙江省牡丹江】10. —Nancy, where is your brother
—He ________ for the physical experiment (物理实验) exam in the laboratory.
A. prepares B. is preparing C. was preparing
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:——南希,你哥哥在哪里?——他正在实验室里准备物理实验考试。根据“where is your brother ”可知,哥哥正在实验室里准备物理实验考试,表示正在进行的动作用现在进行时,故选B。
10.【2023黑龙江省牡丹江】12. The 19th Asian Games ________ in Hangzhou from September 23 to October 8, 2023.
A. was held B. will hold C. will be held
【答案】C
【解析】考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意:第十九届亚运会将于2023年9月23日至10月8日在杭州举行。根据时间状语“from September 23 to October 8, 2023.”可知,句子时态用一般将来时,且主语“The 19th Asian Games”和谓语动词hold之间是被动关系,因此应用一般将来时的被动语态,结构为:will be+动词的过去分词。故选C。