《2024年新高考英语二轮复习》（八省专用）
专题56 阅读理解说明文最新真题模拟20篇（技法+模拟）
解析版
技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货
一、阅读理解说明文细节理解题注意落实“定位原文”和“同义替换”技巧。
二、数据计算题注重“原文定位”和“细节理解”，弄清来龙去脉再计算。
三、重视说明文“倒三角形”结构，特别是首段和段首的独特引领作用。
四、标题概括题重视三性：概括性、简洁性和新颖性；同时联系首段和关键词。
五、说明文长难句较多增加了理解的难度，落实“括号法”，（从句）（非谓语）
（介词短语）（名词短语）。
六、规范训练目标：做标记，留痕迹；零失误；限时6分钟/每篇。
模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心
（2024·江苏南京·二模）“Anxiety.” The very word invites discomfort. Its effects—shortness of breath, pounding heart, muscle tension—are outright upsetting. But, as a clinician, I find that we tend to miss out on many valuable opportunities presented by this human emotion. In and of itself, anxiety is not deadly, nor is it a disease. Quite the contrary: it is an indicator of brain and sensory health. Once we accept that it is a normal, though uncomfortable, part of life, we can use it to help us.
We all know working out at the gym is hard. By nature, a “good workout” is uncomfortable, since it involves pushing our physical strength past what we can easily do. The sweet spot of exercise is always a somewhat challenging experience. Similarly, if you want to be emotionally stronger, you need to face some tension. For example, one effective treatment for fear is exposure therapy (疗法), which involves gradually encountering things that make one anxious, reducing fear over time.
Humans are social creatures. When my patients learn to open up to their partners about their anxieties, they almost always report a greater sense of emotional closeness. Also, as international relationship expert Sue Johnson teaches, when we express our need for connection during challenging moments (e.g., “I’m having a hard time right now and could really use your support”), it creates greater connection and turns our anxiety into love.
From time to time, we find ourselves at the end of our rope. Our responsibilities pile up, our resources break down, and we feel uncomfortably anxious—what we’re experiencing is called stress. Simply put, the demands placed upon us outweigh our available resources, just like a set of scales (天平) going out of balance. Focusing on work and pretending everything is OK only leads to disastrous results. Medical treatment for stress may function for a while, but it tends to make things worse in the long run. The only solution to deal with stress is to do the mathematics to balance the scales.
1．What does the author say about anxiety
A．It is an invitation to diseases.
B．It indicates stable mental health.
C．It costs us many valuable chances.
D．It is a natural emotional expression.
2．Why does the author mention “good workout” in paragraph 2
A．To prove how exercise influences emotions.
B．To suggest an effective way to challenge limits.
C．To explain how anxiety builds emotional strength.
D．To show a positive connection between mind and body.
3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The key to closeness is partners’ support.
B．Sharing anxieties improves relationships.
C．Humans are defined by their social nature.
D．Expressing feelings keeps us off anxieties.
4．According to the last paragraph, how can we deal with stress
A．Devote more energy to our work.
B．Increase resources available to us.
C．Seek professional medical treatment.
D．Master advanced mathematical skills.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了焦虑虽然令人不舒服，但接受它对我们有帮助。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Quite the contrary: it is an indicator of brain and sensory health. Once we accept that it is a normal, though uncomfortable, part of life, we can use it to help us.(恰恰相反：它是大脑和感官健康的指标。一旦我们接受这是生活中正常的一部分，尽管不舒服，我们就可以用它来帮助我们。)”可知，焦虑是一种正常的情感表露。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“By nature, a ‘good workout’ is uncomfortable, since it involves pushing our physical strength past what we can easily do.(从本质上讲，‘好的锻炼’是不舒服的，因为它涉及到将我们的体力推过我们可以轻松完成的事情。)”和“Similarly, if you want to be emotionally stronger, you need to face some tension.(同样，如果你想在情感上更坚强，你需要面对一些紧张。)”可知，好的锻炼需要挑战身体的舒适区，同样，要想在情感上更坚强，有必要面对一些紧张，由此可推测出，提到“好的锻炼”是为了说明焦虑是如何帮助增强情感力量的。故选C。
3．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Humans are social creatures. When my patients learn to open up to their partners about their anxieties, they almost always report a greater sense of emotional closeness. Also, as international relationship expert Sue Johnson teaches, when we express our need for connection during challenging moments (e.g., ‘I’m having a hard time right now and could really use your support’), it creates greater connection and turns our anxiety into love.(人类是社会生物。当我的病人学会向他们的伴侣敞开心扉表达他们的焦虑时，他们几乎总是报告说有更大的情感亲密感。此外，正如国际关系专家Sue Johnson所教导的那样，当我们在充满挑战的时刻表达我们对联系的需求时（例如，‘我现在很难过，真的需要你的支持’），这会产生更大的联系，并将我们的焦虑转化为爱。)”可推出，本段主要讲述了分享焦虑有助于改善人际关系。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Simply put, the demands placed upon us outweigh our available resources, just like a set of scales (天平) going out of balance.(简单地说，对我们的要求超过了我们现有的资源，就像一组天平失去平衡一样。)”和“The only solution to deal with stress is to do the mathematics to balance the scales.(处理压力的唯一解决方案是通过数学来平衡天平。)”可知，对我们的要求超过了我们现有的资源，所以天平失去了平衡，而唯一的方法是通过数学来平衡天平，由此可推测出，要增加可用的资源，以便达到平衡。故选B。
（2024·江苏南京·二模）Since the last ice age, humans have cleared nearly half of the earth’s forests and grasslands for agriculture. With the world population expanding, there’s ever-increasing pressure on farmland to produce not only more food but also clean energy. In places such as Yakima County, Washington, it’s created competition for space as land-hungry solar panels (板) consume available fields. Last month, the state approved plans to cover 1,700 acres of agricultural land with solar panels, fueling concerns over the long-term impacts of losing cropland.
A recent study from the University of California, however, shows how farmers may soon harvest crops and energy together. One researcher, Majdi Abou Najm, explains that visible light spectrum (光谱) can be separated into blue and red light waves, and their photons (光子) have different properties. Blue ones have higher energy than red ones. While that gives blue light what is needed to generate power, it also results in higher temperatures. “From a plant angle, red photons are the efficient ones,” says Abou Najm. “They don’t make the plant feel hot.”
A goal of the study is to create a new generation of solar panels. He sees potential in the organic solar cells, which come from carbon-based materials. Thin and transparent, the cells are applied like a film onto various surfaces. This new technology could be used to develop special solar panels that block blue light to generate power, while passing the red light on to crops planted directly below. These panels could also provide shade for heat-sensitive fruits during the hottest part of the day.
By 2050, we’ll have two billion more people, and we’ll need more food and more energy. By maximizing the solar spectrum, “we’re making full use of an endlessly sustainable resource,” says Abou Najm. “If a technology kicks in that can develop these panels, then the sky is the limit on how efficient we can be.”
5．What problem does the first paragraph focus on
A．Losing cropland to solar panels.
B．Distribution of the world population.
C．Reduction in forests and grasslands.
D．Competing for land between farmers.
6．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．Generation of solar power.
B．Hot weather increasing efficiency.
C．Blue photons having higher energy.
D．Separation of visible light spectrum.
7．What do we know about the organic solar cells
A．They make fruits heat-sensitive.
B．They can cool down in hot days,
C．They allow red light to pass through.
D．They can store carbon-based materials.
8．What does Abou Najm think of the future of the new solar panels
A．Limited. B．Promising.
C．Uncertain. D．Challenging.
【答案】5．A 6．C 7．C 8．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了一项研究表明，可以通过开发新一代太阳能电池板来收获红色和蓝色的光波，分别满足农业和发电的需要，最大限度地利用太阳能。
5．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“With the world population expanding, there’s ever-increasing pressure on farmland to produce not only more food but also clean energy. In places such as Yakima County, Washington, it’s created competition for space as land-hungry solar panels (板) consume available fields. Last month, the state approved plans to cover 1,700 acres of agricultural land with solar panels, fueling concerns over the long-term impacts of losing cropland.(随着世界人口的增长，农田不仅要生产更多的粮食，还要生产清洁能源，农田的压力越来越大。在华盛顿州亚基马县等地，由于需要土地的太阳能电池板消耗了可用的田地，这就造成了空间竞争。上个月，该州批准了用太阳能电池板覆盖1700英亩农田的计划，这加剧了人们对失去农田的长期影响的担忧。)”可知，第一段主要讲述了太阳能电池板占据农田，导致农田空间减少。故选A。
6．代词指代题。that为指示代词，常用来指代上文提到的事物。根据画线词前一句“Blue ones have higher energy than red ones.(蓝色的光子比红色的光子能量高。)”可知，that指代的是蓝色光子有更高的能量，更高的能量给予了产生电所需的蓝光。故选C。
7．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This new technology could be used to develop special solar panels that block blue light to generate power, while passing the red light on to crops planted directly below.(这项新技术可以用于开发特殊的太阳能电池板，该电池板可以阻挡蓝光发电，同时让红光传给正下方种植的作物。)”可知，这种有机太阳能电池板能够阻挡蓝光，让红光通过。故选C。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“By maximizing the solar spectrum, ‘we’re making full use of an endlessly sustainable resource,’ says Abou Najm. ‘If a technology kicks in that can develop these panels, then the sky is the limit on how efficient we can be.’(Abou Najm说，通过最大限度地利用太阳能光谱，‘我们正在充分利用无尽的可持续资源。’‘如能够开发出这些面板的果一项技术生效，那么我们的效率就是无限的。’)”可知，Abou Najm认为有机太阳能电池板能够最大限度地利用无尽的太阳能资源，让人类的效率变得无限，由此可推测出，他认为有机太阳能电池板非常有前景。故选B。
（2024·江苏连云港·二模）The science of why insects gather around lights at night has never been nailed down. Popular theories propose that moths and other insects navigate (导航) by the moon and mistake lamps for moonlight, or that the insects fly towards light to escape coming danger. Now researchers believe they have a more convincing answer: contrary to current theories, insects are not attracted to light from far away, but become trapped if they fly close to an artificial light source.
According to Dr Sam Fabian, study co-author and Imperial College London entomologist, moths and many other insects that fly at night evolved to tilt (倾斜) their backs to wherever is brightest. For hundreds of millions of years, this was the sky rather than the ground. The trick told insects which way was up and ensured they flew level. But then came artificial lighting. Moths found themselves tilting their backs to street lamps. This caused them to circle around the lamps endlessly, the insects trapped by their evolution.
Fabian and his colleagues filmed insect flight paths around lights in the lab. The videos reveal that time and again, moths and dragonflies turned their backs to artificial lights, which appeared to greatly change their flight paths. If the light is above them, they might start orbiting it, but if it’s behind them, they start tilting backwards and end up flying in circles or diving toward the ground.
Researchers have long warned that light pollution is a big driving force in the dramatic decline in insect populations. Moths and other insects that become trapped around lamps become easily caught by bats. The artificial lighting can also fool them into thinking it is daytime, causing them to bed down and skip a night’s feeding.
There are, Fabian believes, helpful lessons from the research. “What this tells us is that the direction of artificial light matters. Could we change lighting environments to not trap insects For we’re facing a massive decline in insects around the world, and artificial light at night is one of the factors that could potentially be leading to this decline,” Fabian said.
9．What do the underlined words “nailed down” in paragraph 1 mean
A．Popularized widely. B．Discussed openly.
C．Defined accurately. D．Explored academically.
10．Fabian’s study found that moths circle around the lamps endlessly because ______.
A．they can’t keep their balance.
B．they use improper flight attitude.
C．they lose track of which way is up.
D．they are attracted to lights from far away.
11．What is the significance of the research finding
A．It may lead to better conservation of insects.
B．Natural enemies of insects will be got rid of.
C．Artificial lighting will be greatly reduced at night.
D．It may raise concerns for insects’ eating behavior.
12．What is the text mainly about
A．Why insects lose their ability to fly at night.
B．Why artificial light and evolution trap insects.
C．How artificial light impacts insect populations.
D．How insects evolved distinct strategies of flight.
【答案】9．C 10．B 11．A 12．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了一项对昆虫夜晚趋光的研究，研究发现昆虫被进化困住，无休止地围绕人工照明转，这启示我们可以改变人造光的方向，更好地保护昆虫。
9．词句猜测题。根据划线短语下文“Popular theories propose that moths and other insects navigate (导航) by the moon and mistake lamps for moonlight, or that the insects fly towards light to escape coming danger. Now researchers believe they have a more convincing answer(流行的理论认为，飞蛾和其他昆虫是靠月亮导航的，它们把灯误认为是月光，或者是昆虫为了躲避即将到来的危险而飞向光明。现在研究人员相信他们有了一个更有说服力的答案)”可知，对于昆虫为何会在夜间聚集在灯光周围这一问题没有标准答案，故可推知划线短语所在句意为“昆虫为何会在夜间聚集在灯光周围，这一科学问题从未得到明确解释”，推测划线短语nailed down意为“明确解释”，与Defined accurately意义相近。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Moths found themselves tilting their backs to street lamps. This caused them to circle around the lamps endlessly, the insects trapped by their evolution.(飞蛾发现自己把背向路灯倾斜。这导致它们无休止地绕着灯转，这些昆虫被它们的进化困住了)”可知，飞蛾把背向路灯倾斜，这导致它们无休止地绕着灯转，故是不正确的飞行姿态导致飞蛾无休止地绕着灯转。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“There are, Fabian believes, helpful lessons from the research. ‘What this tells us is that the direction of artificial light matters. Could we change lighting environments to not trap insects For we’re facing a massive decline in insects around the world, and artificial light at night is one of the factors that could potentially be leading to this decline,’ Fabian said.(Fabian相信，这项研究有一些有益的教训。‘这告诉我们，人造光的方向很重要。我们能不能改变照明环境，让昆虫不被困住？因为我们正面临着全球昆虫数量的大幅下降，而夜间的人造光是可能导致这种下降的因素之一，’ Fabian说)”可知，这项研究结果的意义是告诉我们可以改变人造光的方向，使昆虫不被困住，从而更好地保护昆虫。故选A。
12．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Now researchers believe they have a more convincing answer: contrary to current theories, insects are not attracted to light from far away, but become trapped if they fly close to an artificial light source.(现在研究人员相信他们有了一个更有说服力的答案：与目前的理论相反，昆虫不会被远处的光吸引，但如果它们飞得离人造光源很近，就会被困住)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项对昆虫夜晚趋光的研究，研究发现昆虫被进化困住，无休止地围绕人工照明转，这启示我们可以改变人造光的方向，更好地保护昆虫，所以B项“为什么人造光和进化会困住昆虫？”符合题意。故选B。
（2024·江苏连云港·二模）Like many of the Indigenous (土著的) communities across the Australian continent, the remote communities in north-west New South Wales are struggling. Many of the 300 or so residents rely on welfare. Higher electricity bills—up to $3,000 a quarter for some households—further worsen the poverty. They’re always at the end of the power line, so the service that is there is quite extraordinary in terms of cost. It’s a real problem that needs to be fixed.
To that end, Anderson and other Indigenous leaders have formed the First Nations Renewable Energy Alliance (FREA) to push for renewable energy in Indigenous communities. They partner with private enterprise to support Indigenous communities looking to switch to renewable energy.
“We can build a power station where the community exists,” Anderson says, “so people are able to successfully live in the environment the way they want to live and have access to power which enables them to better determine their economic future.”
Only a handful of Indigenous communities have set up renewable energy projects in Australia. The Indigenous-owned and -operated company AllGrid Energy, for instance, has installed solar panels and battery storage systems to replace diesel (柴油) generators in the communities of Ngurrara and Kurnturlpara in the Northern Territory’s Barkly Tableland. Within two months of the system being installed in May 2016, people were moving back to their homelands, the communities growing from just two permanent residents to about 40.
But FREA will go one step further, working with community leaders and acting as a conduit (纽带) between the communities and the businesses they are dealing with. This is essential, says Anderson, to avoid predatory (吞并) practices they have seen in the past, with companies “playing on the psychology of poverty” to gain advantage. The FREA has drafted terms of agreements that will guide how companies engage with Indigenous communities for renewable energy projects.
One of the next steps for FREA will be to identify a community that can act as a test case for a renewables project. “Our experience is that if we can make it work for one community, it will work in every other community,” Anderson says.
13．What is FREA expected to do for the remote Indigenous communities
A．Increase power supply to them. B．Help them return to their homelands.
C．Shake them off poverty. D．Reduce their higher power costs.
14．What does the author indicate by mentioning AllGrid Energy
A．Renewables projects are inaccessible.
B．Renewables projects are quite workable.
C．Renewables projects can increase locals’ income.
D．Renewables projects can coexist with diesel power plants.
15．What’s paragraph 5 mainly about concerning FREA
A．Its strategies to win over the businesses. B．Its cooperation with community leaders.
C．Its potential conflict with energy companies. D．Its innovation in directing renewables projects.
16．What’s FREA going to do next
A．Consult the experts. B．Select a piloting community.
C．Collect sufficient construction fund. D．Make renewables projects available to all.
【答案】13．D 14．B 15．D 16．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了土著社区推动可再生能源项目，FREA组织助力，避免企业利用贫困获利。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段“They’re always at the end of the power line, so the service that is there is quite extraordinary in terms of cost. It’s a real problem that needs to be fixed.(他们总是在电力线的末端，所以那里的服务在成本方面是非常高的。这是一个需要解决的实际问题)”以及第三段““We can build a power station where the community exists,” Anderson says, “so people are able to successfully live in the environment the way they want to live and have access to power which enables them to better determine their economic future.”(“我们可以在有社区的地方建一座发电站，”安德森说，“这样人们就能在他们想要的环境中成功地生活，并获得电力，使他们能够更好地决定自己的经济未来。”)”可知，FREA期望为偏远的土著社区降低他们更高的电力成本。故选D。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段“Within two months of the system being installed in May 2016, people were moving back to their homelands, the communities growing from just two permanent residents to about 40.(该系统于2016年5月安装，在安装后的两个月内，人们纷纷搬回自己的家园，社区从只有两名永久居民增长到大约40人)”可推知，作者提到AllGrid Energy是为了说明可再生能源项目相当可行。故选B。
15．主旨大意题。根据第五段“But FREA will go one step further, working with community leaders and acting as a conduit (纽带) between the communities and the businesses they are dealing with. This is essential, says Anderson, to avoid predatory (吞并) practices they have seen in the past, with companies “playing on the psychology of poverty” to gain advantage. The FREA has drafted terms of agreements that will guide how companies engage with Indigenous communities for renewable energy projects.(但FREA将更进一步，与社区领导人合作，并充当社区与他们正在打交道的企业之间的渠道。安德森说，这对于避免他们过去看到的掠夺性行为是至关重要的，这些公司“利用贫困心理”来获得优势。FREA已经起草了协议条款，指导公司如何与土著社区合作开展可再生能源项目)”可知，关于FREA，本段谈论的主要内容是它在指导可再生能源项目方面的新方法。故选D。
16．细节理解题。根据最后一段“One of the next steps for FREA will be to identify a community that can act as a test case for a renewables project.( FREA下一步的工作之一将是确定一个可以作为可再生能源项目测试案例的社区)”可知，FREA下一步将会选择一个试点社区。故选B。
（2024·河北·二模）There’re plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables available in local markets. But while those red juicy strawberries look fresh, consumers have no way of knowing how long the fruit can be stored at home. The same goes for distribution centers and supermarkets.
Now, the food technology startup OneThird, located in the Netherlands, is looking to change that with an infrared (红外线) scanner that can accurately predict how long fresh fruits and vegetables will last. The startup is named OneThird because one-third of food is wasted due to spoilage (变质) every year.
The startup’s founders were inspired by a UK company that uses this type of technology in the medical field and decided to see if it was applicable for food. “I looked at the challenges in the food-supply chain and found out that 40 percent of food waste is fresh produce. One of the biggest causes of waste is that nobody knows shelf life.” founder and CEO of OneThird, Marco Snikkers said.
Quality inspections at farms and distribution centers are done manually (手动地). An inspector checks the fruits and vegetables and makes notes about the size and quality. Then the food is sent to consumers without considering travel time or how long the produce will remain usable.
Using the infrared scanner at the distribution center means that inspectors can use the information to approve shipments that will ensure the produce can be distributed on a timely basis. This means that a shipment of rip e tomatoes will not be sent long distances away.
OneThird’s scanner combines the technology of optical scanners, image modeling, and Artificial Intelligence to provide accurate shelf-life predictions.
The startup found that the technology can reduce up to 25 percent produce waste that was caused by spoilage. “Global food waste has an enormous environmental impact; reducing global food waste cuts global greenhouse gas emissions and promotes global food security,” said Jacob Smith, a climate expert from the University of Maine.
17．What problem does OneThird aim to solve
A．The high cost of storing fresh fruits and vegetables.
B．Inefficient quality inspections at distribution centers.
C．Food waste caused by uncertainty about its shelf life.
D．Consumers’ difficulty judging the freshness of produce.
18．What inspired OneThird to come up with the idea of using infrared scanner
A．The use of the device in another field. B．Observation of the food-supply chain.
C．Consumer demands for fresher produce. D．Experts’advice on food waste reduction.
19．What can we learn about the manual quality inspections
A．They are time-consuming and costly. B．They are not performed at a regular time.
C．The inspectors tend to make wrong judgement. D．The shipping time is not taken into consideration.
20．What’s Jacob’s attitude to OneThird’s effort
A．Approving. B．Doubtful. C．Tolerant. D．Dismissive.
【答案】17．C 18．A 19．D 20．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了食品科技初创公司OneThird通过红外扫描仪准确预测新鲜水果和蔬菜的保质期。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段“Now, the food technology startup OneThird, located in the Netherlands, is looking to change that with an infrared (红外线) scanner that can accurately predict how long fresh fruits and vegetables will last. The startup is named OneThird because one-third of food is wasted due to spoilage (变质) every year.(现在，位于荷兰的食品科技初创公司OneThird正试图改变这一现状，他们发明了一种红外扫描仪，可以准确预测新鲜水果和蔬菜的保质期。这家初创公司之所以被命名为OneThird，是因为每年有三分之一的食物因变质而被浪费)”可知，OneThird旨在解决由于不确定食物的保质期而造成的食物浪费。故选C。
18．细节理解题。根据第三段“The startup’s founders were inspired by a UK company that uses this type of technology in the medical field and decided to see if it was applicable for food.(这家初创公司的创始人受到一家英国公司的启发，该公司在医疗领域使用这种技术，并决定看看它是否适用于食品)”可知，设备在其他领域的使用激发了OneThird使用红外扫描仪的想法。故选A。
19．细节理解题。根据第四段“Then the food is sent to consumers without considering travel time or how long the produce will remain usable.(然后，食品被送到消费者手中，而不考虑运输时间或产品的可用性)”可知，人工质量检验中，运输时间没有考虑在内。故选D。
20．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Global food waste has an enormous environmental impact; reducing global food waste cuts global greenhouse gas emissions and promotes global food security,” said Jacob Smith, a climate expert from the University of Maine.(“全球食物浪费对环境有巨大影响;减少全球食物浪费可以减少全球温室气体排放，促进全球粮食安全，”缅因大学气候专家雅各布·史密斯说)”可知，雅各布对OneThird的努力持支持态度。故选A。
（2024·河北·二模）When it comes to lowering blood pressure, studies have typically shown that aerobic (有氧的) exercises are best. Recent research suggests another type of physical activity is worth including as an effective tool to prevent and treat high blood pressure.
Exercises that engage muscles without movement, such as wall squats and planks, may be best for lowering blood pressure, according to a large study published in July, 2023 in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.
This type of training is known as isometric exercise, according to the Mayo Clinic. Isometric muscle action happens when muscles contract but do not visibly change length, and the joints involved don’t move, facilitating stability of the body. Isometric exercises can be done with weights or without, just relying on the body’s own weight.
“These findings provide a comprehensive data-driven framework to support the development of new exercise guideline recommendations for the prevention and treatment of high blood pressure,” said study coauthor Dr. Jamie O’Driscoll in a news release.
The researchers looked into randomized controlled trials that had reported the effects of exercise interventions, lasting two or more weeks, on blood pressure between 1990 and February 2023. From a review of 270 trials with 15,827 participants, the researchers found that among HIIT (high intensity interval training), isometric exercise, aerobic exercise, dynamic resistance training and a combination of the latter two, isometric exercise led to the greatest reductions in blood pressure.
It’s also important to note that there are other lifestyle changes as well as exercise that can benefit your blood pressure. These include keeping to a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, cutting down on salt, not drinking too much alcohol and ensuring that you continue to take any prescribed medication.
More research is needed to determine exactly why isometric exercises might be better for lowering blood pressure than other types of training, the authors said.
21．What does the underlined part “isometric exercise” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．Exercise that is done with extra weights.
B．Exercise that involves visible muscle contraction.
C．Exercise that focuses on stability of the body.
D．Exercise that engages muscles without movement.
22．How did the researchers carry out the study
A．By providing statistics. B．By interviewing experts.
C．By doing experiments. D．By making comparisons.
23．What does the author suggest the future studies about isometric exercise focus on
A．Exploring the reasons for its effectiveness.
B．Demonstrating its influences on mental health.
C．Assessing its suitability for different populations.
D．Determining its long-term impacts on blood pressure.
24．What is the text mainly about
A．The benefits of aerobic exercises. B．The best exercise for blood pressure.
C．The effects of various types of exercises. D．The importance of keeping a healthy lifestyle.
【答案】21．D 22．D 23．A 24．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一项新的研究表明在没有运动的情况下锻炼肌肉可能最适合降低血压。
21．词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Exercises that engage muscles without movement, such as wall squats and planks, may be best for lowering blood pressure, according to a large study published in July, 2023 in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.(2023年7月发表在《英国运动医学杂志》(British Journal of Sports Medicine)上的一项大型研究表明，不动的肌肉锻炼，比如蹲墙和平板支撑，可能是降血压的最佳方式。)”可知，不动的肌肉锻炼可能是降血压的最佳方式，结合划线短语“This type of training”可知，这种类型的训练指的是上文中提到的“不动的肌肉锻炼”，由此可知，划线短语应与“不动的肌肉锻炼”意义相近。故选D项。
22．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“From a review of 270 trials with 15,827 participants, the researchers found that among HIIT (high intensity interval training), isometric exercise, aerobic exercise, dynamic resistance training and a combination of the latter two, isometric exercise led to the greatest reductions in blood pressure.(研究人员对15827名参与者的270项试验进行了回顾，发现在HIIT(高强度间歇训练)、等长运动、有氧运动、动态阻力训练以及后两者的结合中，等长运动能最大程度地降低血压。)”可知，此项研究是对以前的研究数据进行分析，通过比较得出的研究结论——等长运动能最大程度地降低血压，由此可知，该项实验是通过对比进行的。故选D项。
23．细节理解题。根据尾段中的“More research is needed to determine exactly why isometric exercises might be better for lowering blood pressure than other types of training, the authors said.(作者说，需要更多的研究来确定为什么等长运动比其他类型的训练更能降低血压。)”可知，接下来需要更多的研究确定为什么等长运动比其他运动更能降低血压，由此可知，作者建议未来关于等长运动的研究重点是探究其有效性的原因。故选A项。
24．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Recent research suggests another type of physical activity is worth including as an effective tool to prevent and treat high blood pressure.(最近的研究表明，另一种类型的体育活动值得作为预防和治疗高血压的有效工具。)”以及下文中介绍的该项研究的研究过程和分析可知，新的研究发现一种体育活动值得作为预防和治疗高血压的有效工具，由此可知，本文主要讲述的是一项对降血压最好的运动。故选B项。
（2024·浙江绍兴·二模）A recent survey in the US found that Gen Z-ers and Millennials (千禧一代) visit libraries more often than their parents or grandparents. The young love libraries because they are secure, comfortable, free and — as my 11-year-old would say — “aesthetic”. This means they look good in the background of an Instagram post or TikTok video. It’s also a great place to meet people. If you’re both young and in a library, chances are you have similar interests.
And then, too, there are the books. Gen Z-ers are turning out to be big readers, especially of paper books. Even though, or perhaps because, they have in their pockets the most limitlessly distracting devices ever invented, many are deliberately choosing to pick up a piece of 15th-century technology instead. They like the fact that books are self-contained and require concentration.
There is, sometimes, a sense of nostalgic (怀旧的) cosplay in the way young people read. In New York, for example, the latest TikTok-fuelled craze is reading with strangers in bars. You have to buy a ticket in advance, and then you all gather and sit in silence for 30 minutes, reading whatever book you’ve brought along. Like an expensive version of going to the library, except that afterwards you all have a drink and talk about books.
The very thought of it makes me suffer, but that’s because I’m a child of the 1970s and 80s. To me, reading is a private pleasure, while screens — TV or cinema — are social. I did once, in a fit of ambitious parenting, introduce a “family reading hour”, during which my husband and children were pressed to join me at the fireside for some silent reading. It could not have felt more performative if we had dressed up in top hats and crinolines (旧时的衬裙). But still, I applaud these young readers — for knowing what is good for them, for seeking out human connection, for finding the beauty and pleasure in old institutions, and for bringing new life to the library.
25．Which of the following is a reason why the young love libraries
A．They enjoy the sense of safety and freedom.
B．They are free to use social media in libraries.
C．They consider e-reading a way to discover beauty.
D．They expect to meet people with different interests.
26．What do we know about the latest TikTok-fuelled craze in New York
A．It’s a trend of reading with the family in bars.
B．It’s a learning approach advocating silent reading.
C．It’s a gathering attended by strangers free of charge.
D．It’s a reading fashion integrating the old and the new.
27．What can be learned about the author’s understanding of reading from paragraph 4
A．It is a delightful social experience. B．It is a way of personal enjoyment.
C．It is a significant parenting pattern. D．It is a painful routine practice.
28．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．A Gen Z Way to Refresh Libraries
B．A Realistic Look of Library Reading
C．A Broad View of Libraries and Social Media
D．A New Way to See Human Connection with Libraries
【答案】25．A 26．D 27．B 28．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Z世代喜欢去图书馆的原因、新的读书方式、作者的读书见解。
25．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“The young love libraries because they are secure, comfortable, free and-as my 11-year-old would say-“aesthetic”. (年轻人喜欢图书馆，因为它们安全、舒适、免费，而且——正如我11岁的儿子所说——“有美感”。)”可知，在图书馆他们享受着安全感和自由感，这是年轻人喜欢图书馆的原因。故选A。
26．推理判断题。由文章第三段“There is, sometimes, a sense of nostalgic (怀旧的) cosplay in the way young people read. In New York, for example, the latest TikTok-fuelled craze is reading with strangers in bars. You have to buy a ticket in advance, and then you all gather and sit in silence for 30 minutes, reading whatever book you’ve brought along. Like an expensive version of going to the library, except that afterwards you all have a drink and talk about books. (有时候，在年轻人的阅读方式中会有一种怀旧的角色扮演感。例如，在纽约，tiktok掀起的最新热潮是在酒吧里与陌生人一起阅读。你必须提前买票，然后大家聚在一起，安静地坐30分钟，读你带来的任何一本书。就像去图书馆的昂贵版本，除了之后你们都喝一杯，谈论书。)”可知，纽约最新的TikTok热潮是提前买票然后在酒吧里和陌生人一起阅读自己带去的书籍，看似与过去图书馆阅读一样，但是昂贵，有一种怀旧的角色扮演感；由此可知，纽约最新的TikTok热潮一种融合新旧的阅读时尚。故选D。
27．细节理解题。由文章第四段中“To me, reading is a private pleasure, while screens — TV or cinema — are social. I did once, in a fit of ambitious parenting, introduce a “family reading hour”, during which my husband and children were pressed to join me at the fireside for some silent reading. It could not have felt more performative if we had dressed up in top hats and crinolines (旧时的衬裙). (对我来说，阅读是一种私人乐趣，而屏幕——电视或电影——是社交的。有一次，出于养育子女的雄心壮志，我推出了‘家庭阅读时间’，在此期间，我的丈夫和孩子们被要求和我一起在炉边默读。如果我们戴上大礼帽，穿上衬裙，也不会感觉更有表演感。)”可知，从第4段可以了解到作者认为阅读是一种个人享受的方式。故选B。
28．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“A recent survey in the US found that Gen Z-ers and Millennials (千禧一代) visit libraries more often than their parents or grandparents. (美国最近的一项调查发现，z世代和千禧一代比他们的父母或祖父母更频繁地访问图书馆。年轻人喜欢图书馆，因为它们安全、舒适、免费，而且——正如我11岁的儿子所说——‘有美感’。)”和最后一段中“ But still, I applaud these young readers — for knowing what is good for them, for seeking out human connection, for finding the beauty and pleasure in old institutions, and for bringing new life to the library. (但是，我还是要为这些年轻的读者鼓掌——因为他们知道什么对自己有好处，因为他们寻求人际关系，因为他们在旧的机构中发现了美丽和快乐，因为他们给图书馆带来了新的生命。)”可知，文章主要介绍了美国一项调查发现Z世代和千禧一代更喜欢去图书馆，文章分析了喜欢去图书馆的原因、新的读书方式，作者认为Z一代给图书馆带来了新的生命。由此可知，选项A“A Gen Z Way to Refresh Libraries (让图书馆焕发生机的Z一代方式)”，能够概括文章主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选A。
（2024·浙江绍兴·二模）To build a prosperous (繁荣的) society, a fundamental understanding of the modern economy as a driving force in today’s world is essential.
What kind of prosperity have we achieved so far The widespread definition of prosperity focuses on economic power and growth as measures of success. Let’s take a look at history. The Second Industrial Revolution enabled mass production and created a sufficient supply of goods. This has greatly increased the importance of money in its role as “a store of value, ” and “a medium of exchange. ”As a result, we have pursued economic power as the only indicator of prosperity, such as GDP. Waves of globalization and technological evolution have promoted overall economic growth, but have allowed the few who are strong to achieve greater power while exploiting the many who are weak. Consequently, inequality has worsened, and disunity has intensified.
The path to a truly prosperous world requires a shift in focus towards the most suitable happiness for all, in addition to economic power. Defining happiness, however, is a complex task. What makes people happy The degree to which the same thing creates happiness differs from person to person. Happiness is subjective and complicated. This is a world of “multiple values” where each of us determines worth as opposed to “one fixed price” based merely on an economic perspective. Individuals shouldn’t be defined by a single identity or role but by multidimensional nature as well as multiple roles making independent choices and taking actions for their happiness in different aspects.
Businesses must be pioneers in pursuing not only economic growth but also the happiness of all citizens of society. Companies can contribute through the pursuit of social value as well as economic profit. At the heart of this lies “purpose”. A company’s purpose defines the value it brings to society. The true worth of a company should be determined not just by the return s it creates for shareholders but by the value it creates for society as a whole.
29．What is the author’s attitude to the widely accepted standard of prosperity
A．Indifferent. B．Critical. C．Uncertain. D．Approving.
30．What is the side effect of technological evolution
A．The slower economic growth speed.
B．The sharp reduction of job opportunities.
C．The enlarged gap between the rich and the poor.
D．The increasing conflict between different nations.
31．Which statement will the author agree with according to the passage
A．Happiness is changeable and beyond control.
B．Happiness largely depends on economic power.
C．The pursuit of profit determines a company’s true worth.
D．A prosperous world should be measured by multiple values.
32．Who are the main intended readers of the text
A．Social psychologists. B．Enterprise administrators.
C．School educators. D．Technological researchers.
【答案】29．B 30．C 31．D 32．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个繁荣的世界应该用多种价值观来衡量，企业不仅要成为追求经济增长的先锋，还要成为追求全体社会公民幸福的先锋。
29．推理判断题。由文章第二段中“The widespread definition of prosperity focuses on economic power and growth as measures of success. Let’s take a look at history. The Second Industrial Revolution enabled mass production and created a sufficient supply of goods. This has greatly increased the importance of money in its role as “a store of value, ” and “a medium of exchange. ”As a result, we have pursued economic power as the only indicator of prosperity, such as GDP. Waves of globalization and technological evolution have promoted overall economic growth, but have allowed the few who are strong to achieve greater power while exploiting the many who are weak. Consequently, inequality has worsened, and disunity has intensified. (对繁荣的普遍定义侧重于将经济实力和增长作为成功的衡量标准。让我们来看看历史。第二次工业革命使大规模生产成为可能，并创造了充足的商品供应。这大大增加了货币作为“价值储存手段”和“交换媒介”的重要性。因此，我们把经济实力作为衡量繁荣的唯一指标，比如GDP。全球化和技术发展的浪潮促进了整体经济增长，但也让少数强者获得了更大的权力，同时剥削了大多数弱者。结果，不平等加剧，不团结加剧。)”可知，作者对普遍接受的繁荣标准持批判性态度。故选B。
30．推理判断题。由文章第二段中“Waves of globalization and technological evolution have promoted overall economic growth, but have allowed the few who are strong to achieve greater power while exploiting the many who are weak. Consequently, inequality has worsened, and disunity has intensified. (全球化和技术发展的浪潮促进了整体经济增长，但也让少数强者获得了更大的权力，同时剥削了大多数弱者。结果，不平等加剧，不团结加剧。)”可知，技术进化的副作用是贫富差距的扩大。故选C。
31．细节理解题。由文章第三段“The path to a truly prosperous world requires a shift in focus towards the most suitable happiness for all, in addition to economic power. Defining happiness, however, is a complex task. What makes people happy The degree to which the same thing creates happiness differs from person to person. Happiness is subjective and complicated. This is a world of “multiple values” where each of us determines worth as opposed to “one fixed price” based merely on an economic perspective. Individuals shouldn’t be defined by a single identity or role but by multidimensional nature as well as multiple roles making independent choices and taking actions for their happiness in different aspects. (通往真正繁荣世界的道路，除了经济实力之外，还需要把重点转向最适合所有人的幸福。然而，定义幸福是一项复杂的任务。什么能让人快乐 同一件事给人带来快乐的程度因人而异。幸福是主观的、复杂的。这是一个“多重价值”的世界，我们每个人都决定价值，而不是仅仅基于经济观点的“一个固定价格”。个体不应该被定义为单一的身份或角色，而应该被定义为多维的本质和多重的角色，在不同的方面为自己的幸福做出独立的选择和行动。)”可知，一个繁荣的世界应该用多种价值观来衡量。故选D。
32．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Businesses must be pioneers in pursuing not only economic growth but also the happiness of all citizens of society. Companies can contribute through the pursuit of social value as well as economic profit. At the heart of this lies “purpose”. A company’s purpose defines the value it brings to society. The true worth of a company should be determined not just by the return s it creates for shareholders but by the value it creates for society as a whole. (企业不仅要成为追求经济增长的先锋，还要成为追求全体社会公民幸福的先锋。企业可以通过追求社会价值和经济利润来做出贡献。这个问题的核心是“目的”。公司的宗旨决定了它给社会带来的价值。一家公司的真正价值不仅取决于它为股东创造的回报，还应取决于它为整个社会创造的价值。)”可知，本文是写给企业管理者读的。故选B。
（2024·浙江宁波·二模）Students at the Calhoun School in New York City have much more than a roof over their heads. They have a rooftop garden, with lush grass, colorful flowers and fragrant herbs. “Green roofs” are sprouting up all over, from schools to city skyscrapers. And roofs aren’t the only things going green. Architects are finding all sorts of new ways to build buildings that are easier on the environment. These schools, homes, and offices are called “green buildings”.
Normally it takes a lot of energy to run appliances. Too often, that energy comes from burning fossil fuels. So green buildings are designed to do all these things with much less energy. An energy-smart building starts with thick walls. A layer of insulation (隔热材料) traps air to stop heat from passing through. That keeps heat inside in the winter, and keeps heat outside in the summer. This saves energy for heating and cooling.
Heat pumps are another power-saving way to stay comfortable. A ground heat pump moves heat through pipes that run through the ground next to the building. A few feet under the ground, the temperature stays around 10℃ all year round. Water flowing around the pipes helps heat the building in winter and cool it in summer.
Another way to build green is to use recycled materials. That saves the cost and pollution of manufacturing something new. In the Chicago Center for Green Technology, the ceiling tiles (瓷砖) are made of pressed newspaper. The bathroom floors are tiled with recycled glass, and the stall walls are recycled plastic. Builders have found many creative ways to re-use old materials.
As more people become concerned about climate change, more buildings are going green. Green buildings produce less of the gases that warm the planet. City planners like green buildings because they save money. And they are healthier for the people who work and live inside. But you don’t need to build a whole new building. Simple changes like shading windows and planting trees can make any home greener—and a better Earth home for us all.
33．How are green buildings designed to keep warm in the winter
A．By-burning fossil fuels. B．By using thick walls with insulators.
C．By running heating devices. D．By equipping buildings with appliances.
34．According to the passage, the advantages of green buildings include the following EXCEPT________.
A．saving water B．using recycled materials
C．using less energy D．reducing greenhouse gas emissions
35．In which section of a magazine can we read the text
A．Education. B．Culture. C．Economy. D．Technology.
36．Which of the following might be the best title for the text
A．Recycling: to make a better earth for us all
B．Heat Pumps: a new approach to saving energy
C．Green Roofs: more than a roof over our heads
D．Building Green: to hug the earth more kindly
【答案】33．B 34．A 35．D 36．D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了如何进行绿色建筑及其对环境的好处。
33．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“So green buildings are designed to do all these things with much less energy. An energy-smart building starts with thick walls. A layer of insulation (隔热材料) traps air to stop heat from passing through. That keeps heat inside in the winter, and keeps heat outside in the summer.(所以绿色建筑的设计就是要用更少的能源来做所有这些事情。节能建筑从厚墙开始。一层绝缘层可以隔绝空气，阻止热量通过。这样就能在冬天保持室内的热量，在夏天保持室外的热量)”可知，绿色建筑设计通过使用带有绝缘体的厚墙在冬天保持温暖。故选B项。
34．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“So green buildings are designed to do all these things with much less energy.(所以绿色建筑的设计就是要用更少的能源来做所有这些事情)”及第四段“Another way to build green is to use recycled materials.(另一种绿色建筑的方法是使用回收材料)”及最后一段“Green buildings produce less of the gases that warm the planet.(绿色建筑产生的使地球变暖的气体较少)”可知，绿色建筑的好处包括使用回收材料，使用更少的能源和减少温室气体排放。所以A选项“节约用水”没有提到。故选A项。
35．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Too often, that energy comes from burning fossil fuels. So green buildings are designed to do all these things with much less energy. An energy-smart building starts with thick walls. A layer of insulation (隔热材料) traps air to stop heat from passing through. That keeps heat inside in the winter, and keeps heat outside in the summer.(通常，这些能量来自燃烧化石燃料。所以绿色建筑的设计就是要用更少的能源来做所有这些事情。节能建筑从厚墙开始。一层绝缘层可以隔绝空气，阻止热量通过。这样就能在冬天保持室内的热量，在夏天保持室外的热量)”及全文介绍绿色建筑的好处可知，本文主要介绍通过科技的方法来修建“绿色”建筑；由此推知，本文最有可能出现在杂志的科技一部分。故选D项。
36．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段“City planners like green buildings because they save money. And they are healthier for the people who work and live inside. But you don’t need to build a whole new building. Simple changes like shading windows and planting trees can make any home greener—and a better Earth home for us all.(城市规划者喜欢绿色建筑，因为它们能省钱。对于在里面工作和生活的人来说，它们更健康。但你不需要建一座全新的大楼。简单的改变，如遮阳窗户和种树，可以使任何一个家庭更环保，为我们所有人创造一个更美好的地球家园)”可知，文章介绍了如何进行绿色建筑及其对于地球环境的好处，D选项“绿色建筑：更亲切地拥抱地球”适合最为最佳标题。故选D项。
（2024·浙江杭州·二模）Any schoolchild knows that a whale breathes through its blowhole. Fewer know that a blowhole is a nostril (鼻孔) slightly changed by evolution into a form more useful for a mammal that spends its life at sea. And only a dedicated expert would know that while toothed whales, such as sperm whales, have one hole, baleen (鲸须) whales, such as humpback and Rice whales, have two.
Even among the baleen whales, the placing of those nostrils differs. In some species they are close together. In others, they are much further apart. In a paper published in Biology Letters Conor Ryan, a marine biologist at the Scottish Association for Marine Science, suggests why that might be. Having two nostrils, he argues, helps whales smell in stereo (立体空间).
Many types of baleen whales eat tiny animals known as zooplankton (浮游动物), which they catch by filtering (过滤) them from seawater using the sheets of fibrous baleen that have replaced teeth in their mouths. But to eat something you first have to find it. Toothed whales do not hunt by scent. In fact, the olfactory bulb—the part of the brain that processes smell—is absent in such creatures. But baleen whales still have olfactory bulbs, which suggests smell remains important. And scent can indeed give zooplankton away. Zooplankton like to eat other tiny creatures called phytoplankton (浮游植物). When these are under attack, they release a special gas called dimethyl sulphide, which in turn attracts baleen whales.
Most animals have stereoscopic senses. Having two eyes, for instance, allows an animal to compare the images from each in order to perceive depth. Having two ears lets them locate the direction from which a sound is coming. Dr Ryan theorized that paired blowholes might bring baleen whales the same sorts of benefits.
The farther apart the sensory organs are, the more information can be extracted by the animal that bears them. The researchers used drones to photograph the nostrils of 143 whales belonging to 14 different species. Sure enough, baleen whales that often eat zooplankton, such as the North Atlantic right whale, have nostrils that are farther apart than do those, such as humpback whales, that eat zooplankton occasionally. Besides allowing them to breathe, it seems that some whales use their blowholes to determine in which direction dinner lies.
37．What do we know about whales’ nostrils according to the first two paragraphs
A．They are adapted ones. B．They are developed merely for smell.
C．They are not easy to detect. D．They are fixed universally in numbers.
38．What plays a role when baleen whales hunt zooplankton
A．The teeth that baleen whales have.
B．The smell that phytoplankton send.
C．The sound waves that zooplankton create.
D．The chemical signals that zooplankton give off.
39．How is the concept of stereoscopic senses explained in paragraph 4
A．By quoting a theory. B．By using examples.
C．By making contrast. D．By making inferences.
40．What is the position of nostrils related to according to the last paragraph
A．The sense of smell. B．The possibility to attract food.
C．The ability to locate food. D．The ability to communicate.
【答案】37．A 38．B 39．B 40．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是关于须鲸的鼻孔的相关知识。
37．细节理解题。根据第一段“Fewer know that a blowhole is a nostril (鼻孔) slightly changed by evolution into a form more useful for a mammal that spends its life at sea.(很少有人知道，呼吸孔是一种经过轻微进化的鼻孔，对于在海洋中生活的哺乳动物来说，它的形式更有用)”可知，根据前两段，鲸鱼的鼻孔是调整过的，故选A。
38．推理判断题。根据第三段“When these are under attack, they release a special gas called dimethyl sulphide, which in turn attracts baleen whales.(当它们受到攻击时，它们会释放一种叫做二甲硫的特殊气体，反过来吸引须鲸)”可知，当须鲸捕食浮游动物时，浮游植物散发的气味起了作用。故选B。
39．推理判断题。根据第四段“Having two eyes, for instance, allows an animal to compare the images from each in order to perceive depth. Having two ears lets them locate the direction from which a sound is coming.(例如，有两只眼睛的动物可以通过比较来自每只眼睛的图像来感知深度。它们有两只耳朵，可以确定声音传来的方向)”可知，第四段通过举例解释立体感觉的概念。故选B。
40．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Besides allowing them to breathe, it seems that some whales use their blowholes to determine in which direction dinner lies.(除了让它们呼吸外，一些鲸鱼似乎还用它们的气孔来确定晚餐在哪个方向)”可知，鼻孔的位置与定位食物的能力有关。故选C。
（2024·浙江杭州·二模）Education in 2080 is distinctive from education in the 2020s. Until about 2035, the main function of education systems was to supply the economy with the next generation of workers. In 2080, the purpose of education is the well-being of society and all its members. To make this a bit more tangible for you, I would like to give an example of what a child’s education looks like in 2080. Her name is Shemsy. Shemsy is 13, and she is confident and loves learning.
Shemsy does not go to school in the morning because schools as you know them no longer exist. The institution was abolished as it was widely thought of as more like a prison or a factory than a creative learning environment. Schools have been replaced with “Learning Hubs” that are not restricted to certain ages. They are where intergenerational learning happens, in line with the belief that learning is a lifelong pursuit.
Every year, Shemsy designs her learning journey for the year with a highly attentive “teacher-citizen”. Shemsy is actively engaged in designing her education and has to propose projects she would like to be involved in to contribute to and serve her community. She also spends lots of time playing as the role of play in learning has finally been recognized as essential and core to our humanity. Shemsy works a lot collaboratively. Access to education is universal, and higher education institutions no longer differentiate themselves by how many people they reject yearly. Variability between students is expected and leveraged (利用) as young people teach one another and use their differences as a source of strength. Shemsy naturally explores what she is curious about at a pace she sets. She still has some classes to take that are mandatory for children globally: Being Human and the History of Humanity.
We invite you to think about your vision for education in the year 2080, what does it look like, who does it serve,and how does it transform our societies
41．What does paragraph 1 mainly tell us
A．There are different types of education.
B．The present education needs improvements.
C．Education and economy are closely associated.
D．The goal of future education is fundamentally different.
42．What do we know about the Learning Hub that Shemsy goes to
A．It accepts students of all ages. B．It promotes competition.
C．It discourages individualized learning. D．It is all about play-based learning.
43．What does the underlined word “mandatory” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Tough. B．Satisfactory. C．Optional. D．Required.
44．What is the suitable title for the text
A．An Example to All B．A Vision for Education
C．A Challenge for Education D．A Journey into the Future
【答案】41．D 42．A 43．D 44．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是对2080年的教育的展望。
41．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Until about 2035, the main function of education systems was to supply the economy with the next generation of workers. In 2080, the purpose of education is the well-being of society and all its members.(直到2035年左右，教育系统的主要功能是为经济提供下一代工人。在2080年，教育的目的是社会及其所有成员的福祉。)”可知，第一段主要告诉我们未来教育的目标是完全不同的。故选D。
42．细节理解题。根据第二段“Schools have been replaced with “Learning Hubs” that are not restricted to certain ages.(学校已经被不受年龄限制的“学习中心”所取代。)”可知，Shemsy去的学习中心接受所有年龄的学生。故选A。
43．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Being Human and the History of Humanity(做人和人类历史)”可知，做人和人类历史应该是全球儿童必修的课程，划线词mandatory的意思是“必修的”，和required意思相近，故选D。
44．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“In 2080, the purpose of education is the well-being of society and all its members. To make this a bit more tangible for you, I would like to give an example of what a child’s education looks like in 2080.(在2080年，教育的目的是社会及其所有成员的福祉。为了让你们更明白这一点，我想举一个2080年儿童教育的例子。)”可知，本文主要介绍的是对2080年的教育的展望，因此最恰当的标题是B选项“A Vision for Education(教育远景)”。故选B。
（2024·广东韶关·二模）Would a person born blind, who has learned to distinguish objects by touch, be able to recognize them purely by sight if he regained the ability to see The question, known as Molyneux’s problem, is about whether the human mind has a built-in concept of shapes that is so inborn that a blind person could immediately recognize an object with restored vision. Alternatively, the concepts of shapes are not inborn but have to be learned by exploring an object through sight, touch and other senses.
After their attempt to test it in blind children failed, Lars Chittka of Queen Mary University of London and his team carried out another experiment on bumblebees. To test whether bumblebees can form an internal representation of objects, they first trained the insects to distinguish globes from cubes using a sugar reward. The bees were first trained in the light, where they could see but not touch the objects. Then they were tested in the dark, where they could touch but not see the items. The researchers found that the insects spent more time in contact with the shape they had been trained to associate with the sugar reward, even though they had to rely on touch rather than sight to distinguish the objects.
The researchers also did the opposite test with untrained bumblebees, first teaching them with rewards in the dark and then testing them in the light. Again, the bees were able to recognize the shape associated with the sugar reward, though they had to rely on sight rather than touch in the test. In short, bees have solved Molyneux’s problem because the fact suggests that they can picture object features and access them through sight or touch.
However, some experts express their warning s against the result. Jonathan Birch, a philosopher of science, cautions that the bees may have had prior experience associating visual and tactile (触觉) information about straight edges and curved surfaces in their nests.
45．What is Molyneux’s problem about
A．Whether mankind’s sense of touch outweighs sight.
B．Whether mankind’s idea of shape is inborn or learned.
C．Whether blind people can identify the shape of an item.
D．Whether the blind can regain their sense of touch after recovery.
46．How did Lors Chittka and his colleagues try to figure out Molyneux’s problem
A．By experimentation on blind children.
B．By conducting controlled experiments.
C．By rewarding bumblebees with sugar.
D．By observing bumblebees in their nests.
47．What is Jonathan Birch’s attitude towards the conclusion of the bee experiments
A．Skeptical. B．Supportive.
C．Dismissive. D．Ambiguous.
48．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage
A．Scientists Found Senses Matter
B．Visual-Tactile Puzzle Has Been Solved
C．Experiments Will Help the Blind Regain Sight
D．Bumblebees May Help Solve Molyneux’s Problem
【答案】45．B 46．B 47．A 48．D
【导语】本文是说明文。这篇文章探讨了Molyneux问题，即一个天生失明但通过触摸学会区分物体的人在恢复视力后是否能够通过视觉来识别物体。
45．细节理解题。根据第一段“The question, known as Molyneux’s problem, is about whether the human mind has a built-in concept of shapes that is so inborn that a blind person could immediately recognize an object with restored vision. Alternatively, the concepts of shapes are not inborn but have to be learned by exploring an object through sight, touch and other senses.(这个问题被称为Molyneux的问题，是关于人类大脑是否有一种内在的形状概念，这种概念是天生的，以至于盲人可以在恢复视力的情况下立即认出物体。另外，形状的概念不是天生的，而是必须通过视觉、触觉和其他感官探索物体来学习的)”可知，Molyneux问题的内容是人类的形状观念是天生的还是后天习得的。故选B项。
46．推理判断题。根据第二段“After their attempt to test it in blind children failed, Lars Chittka of Queen Mary University of London and his team carried out another experiment on bumblebees. To test whether bumblebees can form an internal representation of objects, they first trained the insects to distinguish globes from cubes using a sugar reward. The bees were first trained in the light, where they could see but not touch the objects. Then they were tested in the dark, where they could touch but not see the items. The researchers found that the insects spent more time in contact with the shape they had been trained to associate with the sugar reward, even though they had to rely on touch rather than sight to distinguish the objects.(在他们试图在失明儿童身上进行测试失败后，伦敦玛丽女王大学的Lars Chittka和他的团队在大黄蜂身上进行了另一项实验。为了测试大黄蜂是否能形成对物体的内部表征，他们首先用糖奖励来训练大黄蜂区分球形和立方体。蜜蜂首先在光线下训练，在那里它们可以看到但不能触摸物体。然后他们在黑暗中进行测试，在那里他们可以触摸但看不到物品。研究人员发现，这些昆虫花了更多的时间来接触它们被训练成与糖奖励相关联的形状，尽管它们必须依靠触觉而不是视觉来区分物体)”可知，Lors Chittka和他的同事是通过控制实验来研究Molyneux问题。故选B项。
47．推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, some experts express their warning s against the result. Jonathan Birch, a philosopher of science, cautions that the bees may have had prior experience associating visual and tactile (触觉) information about straight edges and curved surfaces in their nests.(然而，一些专家对这一结果提出了警告。科学哲学家乔纳森·伯奇(Jonathan Birch)警告说，蜜蜂可能已经有了将巢中的直边和曲面的视觉和触觉信息联系起来的经验)”可知，Jonathan Birch认为蜜蜂可能已经有了将巢中的直边和曲面的视觉和触觉信息联系起来的经验，所以是持怀疑的态度。故选A项。
48．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The question, known as Molyneux’s problem, is about whether the human mind has a built-in concept of shapes that is so inborn that a blind person could immediately recognize an object with restored vision. Alternatively, the concepts of shapes are not inborn but have to be learned by exploring an object through sight, touch and other senses.(这个问题被称为Molyneux的问题，是关于人类大脑是否有一种内在的形状概念，这种概念是天生的，以至于盲人可以在恢复视力的情况下立即认出物体。另外，形状的概念不是天生的，而是必须通过视觉、触觉和其他感官探索物体来学习的)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了Molyneux问题，并通过大黄蜂来进行实验研究，所以D项“Bumblebees May Help Solve Molyneux’s Problem(大黄蜂可能帮助Molyneux解决问题)”是本文最好的标题。故选D项。
（2024·湖南长沙·一模）The sporty all-electric car from the Netherlands resembles a BMW car, but is unique: It captures more carbon than it emits. “Our end goal is to create a more sustainable future,” said Jens Lahaije, finance manager for TU/ecomotive, the Eindhoven University of Technology student team that created the car. Called ZEM, for zero emission mobility, the two-seater houses a Cleantron lithium-ion battery (锂电池) pack, and most of its parts are 3D-printed from recycled plastics, Lahaije said. The target is to minimize carbon dioxide emitted during the car’s full lifespan, from manufactu《2024年新高考英语二轮复习》（八省专用）
专题56 阅读理解说明文最新真题模拟20篇（技法+模拟）
原卷版
技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货
一、阅读理解说明文细节理解题注意落实“定位原文”和“同义替换”技巧。
二、数据计算题注重“原文定位”和“细节理解”，弄清来龙去脉再计算。
三、重视说明文“倒三角形”结构，特别是首段和段首的独特引领作用。
四、标题概括题重视三性：概括性、简洁性和新颖性；同时联系首段和关键词。
五、说明文长难句较多增加了理解的难度，落实“括号法”，（从句）（非谓语）
（介词短语）（名词短语）。
六、规范训练目标：做标记，留痕迹；零失误；限时6分钟/每篇。
模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心
（2024·江苏南京·二模）“Anxiety.” The very word invites discomfort. Its effects—shortness of breath, pounding heart, muscle tension—are outright upsetting. But, as a clinician, I find that we tend to miss out on many valuable opportunities presented by this human emotion. In and of itself, anxiety is not deadly, nor is it a disease. Quite the contrary: it is an indicator of brain and sensory health. Once we accept that it is a normal, though uncomfortable, part of life, we can use it to help us.
We all know working out at the gym is hard. By nature, a “good workout” is uncomfortable, since it involves pushing our physical strength past what we can easily do. The sweet spot of exercise is always a somewhat challenging experience. Similarly, if you want to be emotionally stronger, you need to face some tension. For example, one effective treatment for fear is exposure therapy (疗法), which involves gradually encountering things that make one anxious, reducing fear over time.
Humans are social creatures. When my patients learn to open up to their partners about their anxieties, they almost always report a greater sense of emotional closeness. Also, as international relationship expert Sue Johnson teaches, when we express our need for connection during challenging moments (e.g., “I’m having a hard time right now and could really use your support”), it creates greater connection and turns our anxiety into love.
From time to time, we find ourselves at the end of our rope. Our responsibilities pile up, our resources break down, and we feel uncomfortably anxious—what we’re experiencing is called stress. Simply put, the demands placed upon us outweigh our available resources, just like a set of scales (天平) going out of balance. Focusing on work and pretending everything is OK only leads to disastrous results. Medical treatment for stress may function for a while, but it tends to make things worse in the long run. The only solution to deal with stress is to do the mathematics to balance the scales.
1．What does the author say about anxiety
A．It is an invitation to diseases.
B．It indicates stable mental health.
C．It costs us many valuable chances.
D．It is a natural emotional expression.
2．Why does the author mention “good workout” in paragraph 2
A．To prove how exercise influences emotions.
B．To suggest an effective way to challenge limits.
C．To explain how anxiety builds emotional strength.
D．To show a positive connection between mind and body.
3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The key to closeness is partners’ support.
B．Sharing anxieties improves relationships.
C．Humans are defined by their social nature.
D．Expressing feelings keeps us off anxieties.
4．According to the last paragraph, how can we deal with stress
A．Devote more energy to our work.
B．Increase resources available to us.
C．Seek professional medical treatment.
D．Master advanced mathematical skills.
（2024·江苏南京·二模）Since the last ice age, humans have cleared nearly half of the earth’s forests and grasslands for agriculture. With the world population expanding, there’s ever-increasing pressure on farmland to produce not only more food but also clean energy. In places such as Yakima County, Washington, it’s created competition for space as land-hungry solar panels (板) consume available fields. Last month, the state approved plans to cover 1,700 acres of agricultural land with solar panels, fueling concerns over the long-term impacts of losing cropland.
A recent study from the University of California, however, shows how farmers may soon harvest crops and energy together. One researcher, Majdi Abou Najm, explains that visible light spectrum (光谱) can be separated into blue and red light waves, and their photons (光子) have different properties. Blue ones have higher energy than red ones. While that gives blue light what is needed to generate power, it also results in higher temperatures. “From a plant angle, red photons are the efficient ones,” says Abou Najm. “They don’t make the plant feel hot.”
A goal of the study is to create a new generation of solar panels. He sees potential in the organic solar cells, which come from carbon-based materials. Thin and transparent, the cells are applied like a film onto various surfaces. This new technology could be used to develop special solar panels that block blue light to generate power, while passing the red light on to crops planted directly below. These panels could also provide shade for heat-sensitive fruits during the hottest part of the day.
By 2050, we’ll have two billion more people, and we’ll need more food and more energy. By maximizing the solar spectrum, “we’re making full use of an endlessly sustainable resource,” says Abou Najm. “If a technology kicks in that can develop these panels, then the sky is the limit on how efficient we can be.”
5．What problem does the first paragraph focus on
A．Losing cropland to solar panels.
B．Distribution of the world population.
C．Reduction in forests and grasslands.
D．Competing for land between farmers.
6．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．Generation of solar power.
B．Hot weather increasing efficiency.
C．Blue photons having higher energy.
D．Separation of visible light spectrum.
7．What do we know about the organic solar cells
A．They make fruits heat-sensitive.
B．They can cool down in hot days,
C．They allow red light to pass through.
D．They can store carbon-based materials.
8．What does Abou Najm think of the future of the new solar panels
A．Limited. B．Promising.
C．Uncertain. D．Challenging.
（2024·江苏连云港·二模）The science of why insects gather around lights at night has never been nailed down. Popular theories propose that moths and other insects navigate (导航) by the moon and mistake lamps for moonlight, or that the insects fly towards light to escape coming danger. Now researchers believe they have a more convincing answer: contrary to current theories, insects are not attracted to light from far away, but become trapped if they fly close to an artificial light source.
According to Dr Sam Fabian, study co-author and Imperial College London entomologist, moths and many other insects that fly at night evolved to tilt (倾斜) their backs to wherever is brightest. For hundreds of millions of years, this was the sky rather than the ground. The trick told insects which way was up and ensured they flew level. But then came artificial lighting. Moths found themselves tilting their backs to street lamps. This caused them to circle around the lamps endlessly, the insects trapped by their evolution.
Fabian and his colleagues filmed insect flight paths around lights in the lab. The videos reveal that time and again, moths and dragonflies turned their backs to artificial lights, which appeared to greatly change their flight paths. If the light is above them, they might start orbiting it, but if it’s behind them, they start tilting backwards and end up flying in circles or diving toward the ground.
Researchers have long warned that light pollution is a big driving force in the dramatic decline in insect populations. Moths and other insects that become trapped around lamps become easily caught by bats. The artificial lighting can also fool them into thinking it is daytime, causing them to bed down and skip a night’s feeding.
There are, Fabian believes, helpful lessons from the research. “What this tells us is that the direction of artificial light matters. Could we change lighting environments to not trap insects For we’re facing a massive decline in insects around the world, and artificial light at night is one of the factors that could potentially be leading to this decline,” Fabian said.
9．What do the underlined words “nailed down” in paragraph 1 mean
A．Popularized widely. B．Discussed openly.
C．Defined accurately. D．Explored academically.
10．Fabian’s study found that moths circle around the lamps endlessly because ______.
A．they can’t keep their balance.
B．they use improper flight attitude.
C．they lose track of which way is up.
D．they are attracted to lights from far away.
11．What is the significance of the research finding
A．It may lead to better conservation of insects.
B．Natural enemies of insects will be got rid of.
C．Artificial lighting will be greatly reduced at night.
D．It may raise concerns for insects’ eating behavior.
12．What is the text mainly about
A．Why insects lose their ability to fly at night.
B．Why artificial light and evolution trap insects.
C．How artificial light impacts insect populations.
D．How insects evolved distinct strategies of flight.
（2024·江苏连云港·二模）Like many of the Indigenous (土著的) communities across the Australian continent, the remote communities in north-west New South Wales are struggling. Many of the 300 or so residents rely on welfare. Higher electricity bills—up to $3,000 a quarter for some households—further worsen the poverty. They’re always at the end of the power line, so the service that is there is quite extraordinary in terms of cost. It’s a real problem that needs to be fixed.
To that end, Anderson and other Indigenous leaders have formed the First Nations Renewable Energy Alliance (FREA) to push for renewable energy in Indigenous communities. They partner with private enterprise to support Indigenous communities looking to switch to renewable energy.
“We can build a power station where the community exists,” Anderson says, “so people are able to successfully live in the environment the way they want to live and have access to power which enables them to better determine their economic future.”
Only a handful of Indigenous communities have set up renewable energy projects in Australia. The Indigenous-owned and -operated company AllGrid Energy, for instance, has installed solar panels and battery storage systems to replace diesel (柴油) generators in the communities of Ngurrara and Kurnturlpara in the Northern Territory’s Barkly Tableland. Within two months of the system being installed in May 2016, people were moving back to their homelands, the communities growing from just two permanent residents to about 40.
But FREA will go one step further, working with community leaders and acting as a conduit (纽带) between the communities and the businesses they are dealing with. This is essential, says Anderson, to avoid predatory (吞并) practices they have seen in the past, with companies “playing on the psychology of poverty” to gain advantage. The FREA has drafted terms of agreements that will guide how companies engage with Indigenous communities for renewable energy projects.
One of the next steps for FREA will be to identify a community that can act as a test case for a renewables project. “Our experience is that if we can make it work for one community, it will work in every other community,” Anderson says.
13．What is FREA expected to do for the remote Indigenous communities
A．Increase power supply to them. B．Help them return to their homelands.
C．Shake them off poverty. D．Reduce their higher power costs.
14．What does the author indicate by mentioning AllGrid Energy
A．Renewables projects are inaccessible.
B．Renewables projects are quite workable.
C．Renewables projects can increase locals’ income.
D．Renewables projects can coexist with diesel power plants.
15．What’s paragraph 5 mainly about concerning FREA
A．Its strategies to win over the businesses. B．Its cooperation with community leaders.
C．Its potential conflict with energy companies. D．Its innovation in directing renewables projects.
16．What’s FREA going to do next
A．Consult the experts. B．Select a piloting community.
C．Collect sufficient construction fund. D．Make renewables projects available to all.
（2024·河北·二模）There’re plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables available in local markets. But while those red juicy strawberries look fresh, consumers have no way of knowing how long the fruit can be stored at home. The same goes for distribution centers and supermarkets.
Now, the food technology startup OneThird, located in the Netherlands, is looking to change that with an infrared (红外线) scanner that can accurately predict how long fresh fruits and vegetables will last. The startup is named OneThird because one-third of food is wasted due to spoilage (变质) every year.
The startup’s founders were inspired by a UK company that uses this type of technology in the medical field and decided to see if it was applicable for food. “I looked at the challenges in the food-supply chain and found out that 40 percent of food waste is fresh produce. One of the biggest causes of waste is that nobody knows shelf life.” founder and CEO of OneThird, Marco Snikkers said.
Quality inspections at farms and distribution centers are done manually (手动地). An inspector checks the fruits and vegetables and makes notes about the size and quality. Then the food is sent to consumers without considering travel time or how long the produce will remain usable.
Using the infrared scanner at the distribution center means that inspectors can use the information to approve shipments that will ensure the produce can be distributed on a timely basis. This means that a shipment of rip e tomatoes will not be sent long distances away.
OneThird’s scanner combines the technology of optical scanners, image modeling, and Artificial Intelligence to provide accurate shelf-life predictions.
The startup found that the technology can reduce up to 25 percent produce waste that was caused by spoilage. “Global food waste has an enormous environmental impact; reducing global food waste cuts global greenhouse gas emissions and promotes global food security,” said Jacob Smith, a climate expert from the University of Maine.
17．What problem does OneThird aim to solve
A．The high cost of storing fresh fruits and vegetables.
B．Inefficient quality inspections at distribution centers.
C．Food waste caused by uncertainty about its shelf life.
D．Consumers’ difficulty judging the freshness of produce.
18．What inspired OneThird to come up with the idea of using infrared scanner
A．The use of the device in another field. B．Observation of the food-supply chain.
C．Consumer demands for fresher produce. D．Experts’advice on food waste reduction.
19．What can we learn about the manual quality inspections
A．They are time-consuming and costly. B．They are not performed at a regular time.
C．The inspectors tend to make wrong judgement. D．The shipping time is not taken into consideration.
20．What’s Jacob’s attitude to OneThird’s effort
A．Approving. B．Doubtful. C．Tolerant. D．Dismissive.
（2024·河北·二模）When it comes to lowering blood pressure, studies have typically shown that aerobic (有氧的) exercises are best. Recent research suggests another type of physical activity is worth including as an effective tool to prevent and treat high blood pressure.
Exercises that engage muscles without movement, such as wall squats and planks, may be best for lowering blood pressure, according to a large study published in July, 2023 in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.
This type of training is known as isometric exercise, according to the Mayo Clinic. Isometric muscle action happens when muscles contract but do not visibly change length, and the joints involved don’t move, facilitating stability of the body. Isometric exercises can be done with weights or without, just relying on the body’s own weight.
“These findings provide a comprehensive data-driven framework to support the development of new exercise guideline recommendations for the prevention and treatment of high blood pressure,” said study coauthor Dr. Jamie O’Driscoll in a news release.
The researchers looked into randomized controlled trials that had reported the effects of exercise interventions, lasting two or more weeks, on blood pressure between 1990 and February 2023. From a review of 270 trials with 15,827 participants, the researchers found that among HIIT (high intensity interval training), isometric exercise, aerobic exercise, dynamic resistance training and a combination of the latter two, isometric exercise led to the greatest reductions in blood pressure.
It’s also important to note that there are other lifestyle changes as well as exercise that can benefit your blood pressure. These include keeping to a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, cutting down on salt, not drinking too much alcohol and ensuring that you continue to take any prescribed medication.
More research is needed to determine exactly why isometric exercises might be better for lowering blood pressure than other types of training, the authors said.
21．What does the underlined part “isometric exercise” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．Exercise that is done with extra weights.
B．Exercise that involves visible muscle contraction.
C．Exercise that focuses on stability of the body.
D．Exercise that engages muscles without movement.
22．How did the researchers carry out the study
A．By providing statistics. B．By interviewing experts.
C．By doing experiments. D．By making comparisons.
23．What does the author suggest the future studies about isometric exercise focus on
A．Exploring the reasons for its effectiveness.
B．Demonstrating its influences on mental health.
C．Assessing its suitability for different populations.
D．Determining its long-term impacts on blood pressure.
24．What is the text mainly about
A．The benefits of aerobic exercises. B．The best exercise for blood pressure.
C．The effects of various types of exercises. D．The importance of keeping a healthy lifestyle.
（2024·浙江绍兴·二模）A recent survey in the US found that Gen Z-ers and Millennials (千禧一代) visit libraries more often than their parents or grandparents. The young love libraries because they are secure, comfortable, free and — as my 11-year-old would say — “aesthetic”. This means they look good in the background of an Instagram post or TikTok video. It’s also a great place to meet people. If you’re both young and in a library, chances are you have similar interests.
And then, too, there are the books. Gen Z-ers are turning out to be big readers, especially of paper books. Even though, or perhaps because, they have in their pockets the most limitlessly distracting devices ever invented, many are deliberately choosing to pick up a piece of 15th-century technology instead. They like the fact that books are self-contained and require concentration.
There is, sometimes, a sense of nostalgic (怀旧的) cosplay in the way young people read. In New York, for example, the latest TikTok-fuelled craze is reading with strangers in bars. You have to buy a ticket in advance, and then you all gather and sit in silence for 30 minutes, reading whatever book you’ve brought along. Like an expensive version of going to the library, except that afterwards you all have a drink and talk about books.
The very thought of it makes me suffer, but that’s because I’m a child of the 1970s and 80s. To me, reading is a private pleasure, while screens — TV or cinema — are social. I did once, in a fit of ambitious parenting, introduce a “family reading hour”, during which my husband and children were pressed to join me at the fireside for some silent reading. It could not have felt more performative if we had dressed up in top hats and crinolines (旧时的衬裙). But still, I applaud these young readers — for knowing what is good for them, for seeking out human connection, for finding the beauty and pleasure in old institutions, and for bringing new life to the library.
25．Which of the following is a reason why the young love libraries
A．They enjoy the sense of safety and freedom.
B．They are free to use social media in libraries.
C．They consider e-reading a way to discover beauty.
D．They expect to meet people with different interests.
26．What do we know about the latest TikTok-fuelled craze in New York
A．It’s a trend of reading with the family in bars.
B．It’s a learning approach advocating silent reading.
C．It’s a gathering attended by strangers free of charge.
D．It’s a reading fashion integrating the old and the new.
27．What can be learned about the author’s understanding of reading from paragraph 4
A．It is a delightful social experience. B．It is a way of personal enjoyment.
C．It is a significant parenting pattern. D．It is a painful routine practice.
28．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．A Gen Z Way to Refresh Libraries
B．A Realistic Look of Library Reading
C．A Broad View of Libraries and Social Media
D．A New Way to See Human Connection with Libraries
（2024·浙江绍兴·二模）To build a prosperous (繁荣的) society, a fundamental understanding of the modern economy as a driving force in today’s world is essential.
What kind of prosperity have we achieved so far The widespread definition of prosperity focuses on economic power and growth as measures of success. Let’s take a look at history. The Second Industrial Revolution enabled mass production and created a sufficient supply of goods. This has greatly increased the importance of money in its role as “a store of value, ” and “a medium of exchange. ”As a result, we have pursued economic power as the only indicator of prosperity, such as GDP. Waves of globalization and technological evolution have promoted overall economic growth, but have allowed the few who are strong to achieve greater power while exploiting the many who are weak. Consequently, inequality has worsened, and disunity has intensified.
The path to a truly prosperous world requires a shift in focus towards the most suitable happiness for all, in addition to economic power. Defining happiness, however, is a complex task. What makes people happy The degree to which the same thing creates happiness differs from person to person. Happiness is subjective and complicated. This is a world of “multiple values” where each of us determines worth as opposed to “one fixed price” based merely on an economic perspective. Individuals shouldn’t be defined by a single identity or role but by multidimensional nature as well as multiple roles making independent choices and taking actions for their happiness in different aspects.
Businesses must be pioneers in pursuing not only economic growth but also the happiness of all citizens of society. Companies can contribute through the pursuit of social value as well as economic profit. At the heart of this lies “purpose”. A company’s purpose defines the value it brings to society. The true worth of a company should be determined not just by the return s it creates for shareholders but by the value it creates for society as a whole.
29．What is the author’s attitude to the widely accepted standard of prosperity
A．Indifferent. B．Critical. C．Uncertain. D．Approving.
30．What is the side effect of technological evolution
A．The slower economic growth speed.
B．The sharp reduction of job opportunities.
C．The enlarged gap between the rich and the poor.
D．The increasing conflict between different nations.
31．Which statement will the author agree with according to the passage
A．Happiness is changeable and beyond control.
B．Happiness largely depends on economic power.
C．The pursuit of profit determines a company’s true worth.
D．A prosperous world should be measured by multiple values.
32．Who are the main intended readers of the text
A．Social psychologists. B．Enterprise administrators.
C．School educators. D．Technological researchers.
（2024·浙江宁波·二模）Students at the Calhoun School in New York City have much more than a roof over their heads. They have a rooftop garden, with lush grass, colorful flowers and fragrant herbs. “Green roofs” are sprouting up all over, from schools to city skyscrapers. And roofs aren’t the only things going green. Architects are finding all sorts of new ways to build buildings that are easier on the environment. These schools, homes, and offices are called “green buildings”.
Normally it takes a lot of energy to run appliances. Too often, that energy comes from burning fossil fuels. So green buildings are designed to do all these things with much less energy. An energy-smart building starts with thick walls. A layer of insulation (隔热材料) traps air to stop heat from passing through. That keeps heat inside in the winter, and keeps heat outside in the summer. This saves energy for heating and cooling.
Heat pumps are another power-saving way to stay comfortable. A ground heat pump moves heat through pipes that run through the ground next to the building. A few feet under the ground, the temperature stays around 10℃ all year round. Water flowing around the pipes helps heat the building in winter and cool it in summer.
Another way to build green is to use recycled materials. That saves the cost and pollution of manufacturing something new. In the Chicago Center for Green Technology, the ceiling tiles (瓷砖) are made of pressed newspaper. The bathroom floors are tiled with recycled glass, and the stall walls are recycled plastic. Builders have found many creative ways to re-use old materials.
As more people become concerned about climate change, more buildings are going green. Green buildings produce less of the gases that warm the planet. City planners like green buildings because they save money. And they are healthier for the people who work and live inside. But you don’t need to build a whole new building. Simple changes like shading windows and planting trees can make any home greener—and a better Earth home for us all.
33．How are green buildings designed to keep warm in the winter
A．By-burning fossil fuels. B．By using thick walls with insulators.
C．By running heating devices. D．By equipping buildings with appliances.
34．According to the passage, the advantages of green buildings include the following EXCEPT________.
A．saving water B．using recycled materials
C．using less energy D．reducing greenhouse gas emissions
35．In which section of a magazine can we read the text
A．Education. B．Culture. C．Economy. D．Technology.
36．Which of the following might be the best title for the text
A．Recycling: to make a better earth for us all
B．Heat Pumps: a new approach to saving energy
C．Green Roofs: more than a roof over our heads
D．Building Green: to hug the earth more kindly
（2024·浙江杭州·二模）Any schoolchild knows that a whale breathes through its blowhole. Fewer know that a blowhole is a nostril (鼻孔) slightly changed by evolution into a form more useful for a mammal that spends its life at sea. And only a dedicated expert would know that while toothed whales, such as sperm whales, have one hole, baleen (鲸须) whales, such as humpback and Rice whales, have two.
Even among the baleen whales, the placing of those nostrils differs. In some species they are close together. In others, they are much further apart. In a paper published in Biology Letters Conor Ryan, a marine biologist at the Scottish Association for Marine Science, suggests why that might be. Having two nostrils, he argues, helps whales smell in stereo (立体空间).
Many types of baleen whales eat tiny animals known as zooplankton (浮游动物), which they catch by filtering (过滤) them from seawater using the sheets of fibrous baleen that have replaced teeth in their mouths. But to eat something you first have to find it. Toothed whales do not hunt by scent. In fact, the olfactory bulb—the part of the brain that processes smell—is absent in such creatures. But baleen whales still have olfactory bulbs, which suggests smell remains important. And scent can indeed give zooplankton away. Zooplankton like to eat other tiny creatures called phytoplankton (浮游植物). When these are under attack, they release a special gas called dimethyl sulphide, which in turn attracts baleen whales.
Most animals have stereoscopic senses. Having two eyes, for instance, allows an animal to compare the images from each in order to perceive depth. Having two ears lets them locate the direction from which a sound is coming. Dr Ryan theorized that paired blowholes might bring baleen whales the same sorts of benefits.
The farther apart the sensory organs are, the more information can be extracted by the animal that bears them. The researchers used drones to photograph the nostrils of 143 whales belonging to 14 different species. Sure enough, baleen whales that often eat zooplankton, such as the North Atlantic right whale, have nostrils that are farther apart than do those, such as humpback whales, that eat zooplankton occasionally. Besides allowing them to breathe, it seems that some whales use their blowholes to determine in which direction dinner lies.
37．What do we know about whales’ nostrils according to the first two paragraphs
A．They are adapted ones. B．They are developed merely for smell.
C．They are not easy to detect. D．They are fixed universally in numbers.
38．What plays a role when baleen whales hunt zooplankton
A．The teeth that baleen whales have.
B．The smell that phytoplankton send.
C．The sound waves that zooplankton create.
D．The chemical signals that zooplankton give off.
39．How is the concept of stereoscopic senses explained in paragraph 4
A．By quoting a theory. B．By using examples.
C．By making contrast. D．By making inferences.
40．What is the position of nostrils related to according to the last paragraph
A．The sense of smell. B．The possibility to attract food.
C．The ability to locate food. D．The ability to communicate.
（2024·浙江杭州·二模）Education in 2080 is distinctive from education in the 2020s. Until about 2035, the main function of education systems was to supply the economy with the next generation of workers. In 2080, the purpose of education is the well-being of society and all its members. To make this a bit more tangible for you, I would like to give an example of what a child’s education looks like in 2080. Her name is Shemsy. Shemsy is 13, and she is confident and loves learning.
Shemsy does not go to school in the morning because schools as you know them no longer exist. The institution was abolished as it was widely thought of as more like a prison or a factory than a creative learning environment. Schools have been replaced with “Learning Hubs” that are not restricted to certain ages. They are where intergenerational learning happens, in line with the belief that learning is a lifelong pursuit.
Every year, Shemsy designs her learning journey for the year with a highly attentive “teacher-citizen”. Shemsy is actively engaged in designing her education and has to propose projects she would like to be involved in to contribute to and serve her community. She also spends lots of time playing as the role of play in learning has finally been recognized as essential and core to our humanity. Shemsy works a lot collaboratively. Access to education is universal, and higher education institutions no longer differentiate themselves by how many people they reject yearly. Variability between students is expected and leveraged (利用) as young people teach one another and use their differences as a source of strength. Shemsy naturally explores what she is curious about at a pace she sets. She still has some classes to take that are mandatory for children globally: Being Human and the History of Humanity.
We invite you to think about your vision for education in the year 2080, what does it look like, who does it serve,and how does it transform our societies
41．What does paragraph 1 mainly tell us
A．There are different types of education.
B．The present education needs improvements.
C．Education and economy are closely associated.
D．The goal of future education is fundamentally different.
42．What do we know about the Learning Hub that Shemsy goes to
A．It accepts students of all ages. B．It promotes competition.
C．It discourages individualized learning. D．It is all about play-based learning.
43．What does the underlined word “mandatory” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Tough. B．Satisfactory. C．Optional. D．Required.
44．What is the suitable title for the text
A．An Example to All B．A Vision for Education
C．A Challenge for Education D．A Journey into the Future
（2024·广东韶关·二模）Would a person born blind, who has learned to distinguish objects by touch, be able to recognize them purely by sight if he regained the ability to see The question, known as Molyneux’s problem, is about whether the human mind has a built-in concept of shapes that is so inborn that a blind person could immediately recognize an object with restored vision. Alternatively, the concepts of shapes are not inborn but have to be learned by exploring an object through sight, touch and other senses.
After their attempt to test it in blind children failed, Lars Chittka of Queen Mary University of London and his team carried out another experiment on bumblebees. To test whether bumblebees can form an internal representation of objects, they first trained the insects to distinguish globes from cubes using a sugar reward. The bees were first trained in the light, where they could see but not touch the objects. Then they were tested in the dark, where they could touch but not see the items. The researchers found that the insects spent more time in contact with the shape they had been trained to associate with the sugar reward, even though they had to rely on touch rather than sight to distinguish the objects.
The researchers also did the opposite test with untrained bumblebees, first teaching them with rewards in the dark and then testing them in the light. Again, the bees were able to recognize the shape associated with the sugar reward, though they had to rely on sight rather than touch in the test. In short, bees have solved Molyneux’s problem because the fact suggests that they can picture object features and access them through sight or touch.
However, some experts express their warning s against the result. Jonathan Birch, a philosopher of science, cautions that the bees may have had prior experience associating visual and tactile (触觉) information about straight edges and curved surfaces in their nests.
45．What is Molyneux’s problem about
A．Whether mankind’s sense of touch outweighs sight.
B．Whether mankind’s idea of shape is inborn or learned.
C．Whether blind people can identify the shape of an item.
D．Whether the blind can regain their sense of touch after recovery.
46．How did Lors Chittka and his colleagues try to figure out Molyneux’s problem
A．By experimentation on blind children.
B．By conducting controlled experiments.
C．By rewarding bumblebees with sugar.
D．By observing bumblebees in their nests.
47．What is Jonathan Birch’s attitude towards the conclusion of the bee experiments
A．Skeptical. B．Supportive.
C．Dismissive. D．Ambiguous.
48．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage
A．Scientists Found Senses Matter
B．Visual-Tactile Puzzle Has Been Solved
C．Experiments Will Help the Blind Regain Sight
D．Bumblebees May Help Solve Molyneux’s Problem
（2024·湖南长沙·一模）The sporty all-electric car from the Netherlands resembles a BMW car, but is unique: It captures more carbon than it emits. “Our end goal is to create a more sustainable future,” said Jens Lahaije, finance manager for TU/ecomotive, the Eindhoven University of Technology student team that created the car. Called ZEM, for zero emission mobility, the two-seater houses a Cleantron lithium-ion battery (锂电池) pack, and most of its parts are 3D-printed from recycled plastics, Lahaije said. The target is to minimize carbon dioxide emitted during the car’s full lifespan, from manufacturing to recycling, he added.
Battery electric vehicles emit virtually no CO2 during operation compared with combustion-engine (燃烧式发动机) vehicles, but battery cell production can create so much pollution that it can take EVs tens of thousands of miles to achieve “carbon parity (相同)” with comparable fossil-fueled models.
“Direct air capture is a fairly new method of cleaning the air by capturing CO2 into a filter (过滤器). We have made use of this innovative technology and implemented this in our car. The idea is very simple: while driving, air will move through our self-designed filters and the CO2 will be captured and stored.” ZEM uses two filters that can capture up to 2 kilograms (4.41 lb) of CO2 over 20,000 miles of driving, the Eindhoven team estimated. They imagine a future when filters can be emptied at charging stations, based on the fact that there are a nationwide charging infrastructure, which includes residential, commercial and public chargers across the country installed by the Energy Department, automakers and private businesses.
The students are showing their vehicle on a US promotional tour to universities and companies from the East Coast to Silicon Valley, hoping to attract more financial support.
It is hard to tell where the future will take the electric vehicles, but it is clear that they hold a lot of potential for creating a more sustainable future. In the end, only time will tell what road electric vehicles will take in the future.
49．What advantage does the newly-designed car have
A．It looks like a BMW car. B．It is a drive-less car.
C．It’s a carbon-eating electric vehicle. D．It purifies air automatically.
50．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The function of filters. B．The benefits of direct air capture.
C．The application prospect of the technology. D．The operating principle of the technology.
51．What problem do the student team face according to the passage
A．Lack of research fund. B．Unpredictable application prospect.
C．No permission from the government. D．Strong objection from the car companies.
52．What is Jens Lahaije’s attitude toward the future of the sporty all-electric car
A．Doubtful. B．Confident. C．Concerned. D．Pessimistic.
（2024·湖南娄底·一模）The human eye can perceive about 1 million colors, but languages have far fewer words to describe those colors. Languages spoken in industrialized nations such as the United States, for example, tend to have about a dozen basic color terms, while languages spoken by populations in remote areas often have fewer. However, the way that a language divides up color space can be influenced by contact with other languages, according to a new study.
Among members of the Tsimane society, who live in a remote part of the Bolivian Amazon rainforest, the researchers found that those who had learned Spanish as a second language began to classify colors into more words, making color distinctions that are not commonly used by Tsimane who are monolingual (单语的).
In the most striking finding, Tsimane who were bilingual (会双语的) began using two different words to describe blue and green, which monolingual Tsimane speakers do not typically do. The researchers also found that the bilingual Tsimane became more precise in describing colors such as yellow and red, which monolingual speakers tend to use to include many shades (色度) beyond what a Spanish or English speaker would include.
Working with monolingual and bilingual members of the Tsimane, the researchers asked people to perform two different tasks. For the bilingual population, they asked them to do the tasks twice, once in Tsimane and once in Spanish.
In the first task, the researchers showed the subjects 84 chips (块) of different colors, one by one, and asked them what word they would use to describe the color. In the second task, the subjects were shown the entire set of chips and asked to group the chips by color words.
The researchers found that when performing this task in Spanish, the bilingual Tsimane classified colors into the traditional color words of the Spanish language. Additionally, the bilingual speakers were much more precise about naming colors when they performed the task in their native language.
“The bilingual speakers learned a different way to divide up the color space,” says Edward Gibson, the senior author of the study. “It’s a great example of one of the main benefits of learning a second language. You open a different world and understand different concepts that you import to your native language.”
53．What can be inferred about the Tsimane language from paragraph 3
A．There are very few color words.
B．There used to be no color words.
C．There are no words for blue and green.
D．There are many words for yellow and red.
54．Which of the following indicates a difference between the two tasks
A．The number of the chips. B．The color of the chips.
C．The way to show the chips. D．The people to perform the tasks.
55．What may explain why the bilingual speakers could name colors precisely when performing the task in Tsimane
A．The evolution of Tsimane. B．The popularity of Spanish.
C．The influence of Spanish. D．The uniqueness of Tsimane.
56．What is the main idea of the text
A．Learning language can broaden the mind.
B．Contact between languages can influence each other.
C．Bilingual speakers have more words to describe colors.
D．A language can acquire new concepts from other languages.
（2024·湖南娄底·一模）The impact of fast fashion on the environment is significant. Recently Zara, one of the largest fast-fashion retailers (零售商) in the world, put forth a concept that only sustainable fabrics are used in clothing production. But how can Zara ever be sustainable They produce around 450 million garments (衣服) a year and release 500 new designs a week, about 20,000 a year. Zara’s fast-fashion model has been so successful it has inspired an entire industry to follow them.
Clothing production doubled from 2012 to 2022. The average consumer bought 60 percent more clothing in 2022 than in 2012, but kept each garment half as long. And less than one percent of all clothing produced globally is recycled.
I spend a lot of time reading the corporate social responsibility reports of large brands and interviewing micro-to-small sized enterprises to see how they approach sustainability. The largest significant difference between them is culture.
Small brands focus on creating a culture of sustainability by using strategies like producing made-to-order, so they are not making more than what is sold. Most small brands are opting to work under, an “anti-fashion calendar”. They choose not to follow the intense seasonal calendar that fashion functions under. They do this because waste is one of their biggest concerns. They also design clothing to be of the highest quality, ensuring durability and longevity, so you may keep it longer.
Fast fashion is a “grow or die” business, and the fast-fashion growth model used by all large companies is predicated on limitless growth. Large global corporate retailers are not seeking to change their fundamental business model or create cultures of sustainability. That would require re-working their entire business structure and ultimately hurt their bottom line.
I would start to believe Zara and other large fashion brands had good intentions to fight climate change if they started to look at how to move away from their continuous offerings of weekly new products. They need to introduce alternative sustainable business model practices. One small step could be to offer repair or tailoring services. Tailoring creates clothes that fit perfectly, subsequently increasing their emotional value, so that we love them and keep them longer.
57．What does the author intend to show with the numbers about Zara in paragraph 1
A．Zara is not eco-friendly. B．Zara is popular with consumers.
C．Zara is a large fast-fashion retailer. D．Zara is a success in fashion industry.
58．Which of the following shows a cultural feature of small brands
A．Designing clothing as needed. B．Designing clothing seasonably.
C．Producing clothing as needed. D．Producing clothing seasonably.
59．What does the underlined part “bottom line” in paragraph 5 relate to
A．The fast-fashion retailers. B．The profits from fast fashion.
C．The culture of sustainability. D．The relationship with consumers.
60．What does the last paragraph focus on
A．How to make consumers love their clothes.
B．How to make consumers buy less clothing.
C．How large fashion brands offer weekly new products.
D．How large fashion brands improve their services.
（2024·湖南益阳·三模）Crossing paths with a wild boar (野猪) can pose fear and joy in equal measure. Despite 700 years of extinction in Britain, the species’ own tenacity and illegal releases from the 1980s have now led to several populations emerging. However, with impacts on both people and the countryside, their right to exist in Britain is heavily debated.
However, the boar’s habitat-regenerating actions that benefit other wildlife, even if they are unloved by many. The few boar in England are threatened again by poaching and culling. Why is more not being done to prevent their re-extinction
Naturalist, writer and science communicator Chantal Lyons addresses all these complex issues and explains what it might take for us to coexist with wild boar in her new book, Groundbreakers: The Return of Britain’s Wild Boar. In this extract, she explains the history of the wild boar in Britain.
Most of the last millennium was not kind to the wild boar of Europe. But they endured when so many other large animals did not, and their star is ascendant once more. Their population status is rated as “Least Concern” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), which reports that the species now has one of the vastest geographical distributions of all land animals, partly thanks to humans.
And so, with hindsight, the return of wild boar to Britain was inevitable. If not intentional. There’d been mutterings among environmentalists for decades that the species should be reintroduced. The market got a taste for them.
More farms sprung up, buying in animals from the Continent, where they had never been extinct and the farming of them was already long established. By the early 1990s there were 40 registered breeders in the UK.
Despite thousands of years of trying, one of the qualities that has proven most challenging to breed out of the farmed pig is escapology. Life, as a certain fictional mathematician once said, finds a way. Our woodlands had been waiting for nearly 700 years. Answering whatever call was sounding in their brains, wild boar began to escape from the farms. Or, in some cases, seem to have been variously helped out by storm damage, animal rights activists, hard-up owners and shooters. Each freed individual was a spark. Something new, something hot and bright with potential. Not all those sparks took. But enough did.
61．What were the circumstances that led to the return of wild boars to Britain
A．The role of the farmed pigs in the ecosystem.
B．Introduction al reintroduction efforts by environmentalists.
C．Capitalistic influence and the market demand for boar meat.
D．Strict enforcement of the Dangerous Wild Animals Act of 1976.
62．How did various factors contribute to the release of boars into the woodlands
A．Escapology challenge in farmed pigs and the impact on the market.
B．Animal rights activists’ efforts in facilitating boar release.
C．The influence of the farmed pigs on the behavior of wild boars.
D．Storm damage and its role in releasing boars.
63．How did Chantal Lyons explain the historical context of wild boars in Britain
A．The negative impact of capitalism on wild boar habitats.
B．The role of the farmed pigs in the resurgence of wild boars.
C．The need for stricter enforcement of wildlife protection laws.
D．The inevitability of wild boar reintroduction through human influence.
64．What does the author imply about the freed individuals among the wild boars
A．They were all successful in establishing new habitats.
B．Each of them contributed to the decline of the wild boar population.
C．The sparks symbolize the challenges faced by the wild boars in the woodlands.
D．Some of them adapted to their new environment, causing the resurgence of the boars.
（2024·湖北武汉·一模）Architects often spend months or even years perfecting a design to express their ideas more clearly, convey additional information, or outline the right proportions for a building. However, the urgent issue of climate change is placing new demands on their work. For example, in July, Super Typhoon Doksuri battered China, affecting more than 2.66 million people in Fujian Province alone.
Green architecture that conserves energy and reduces carbon dioxide emissions offers a solution, and concerted efforts have been made in diverse research fields over the past three decades to minimize heat loss. In addition, new buildings have to be tailored to the needs of people’s lifestyles.
Ren Jun, a professor at Tianjin University’s School of Architecture, who designed the first near-zero energy house in China in December 2019, said, “You can construct low-energy, environmentally-friendly houses, but if the interior design and environmental quality don’t meet residents’ requirements, these properties won’t be suitable to live in.”
The near-zero energy house, located-in Banbidian village in Beijing’s southern district of Daxing, won the International Design Award in the United States in January last year. The 400-square-meter property, which stands at the entrance to the village, runs on solar power gathered from rooftop panels, with the addition of a small amount of power from the grid (电网).
Ren said the first obstacle to conserving energy in the property was heat retention, which he attempted to achieve by keeping the indoor temperature at a certain level. The property is divided into five areas: a solar garden in the front yard, a central lounge, a water courtyard, a sponge zone, and a back room. For the exterior walls, Ren used three types of insulation (隔热层), including plastic foam, each about 25 centimeters thick.
Ren also looked for ways to deal with emissions at the house. He decided to install a ventilator, which pipes air that is polluted and replaces it with fresh air from outside in every room at the property.
Ren said it would take three to five years before more ultralow or near-zero energy buildings appeared in Chinese cities.
65．Which is not an important factor for designing green houses
A．Energy consumption. B．Carbon emission.
C．People’s lifestyle. D．Architecture style.
66．What can we conclude about the nero-zero energy house
A．The house consumes little electricity.
B．The house is deliberately designed to keep heat.
C．The house is equipped with many intelligent facilities.
D．The house is the first International Design Award-winning building in China.
67．What did Ren do to build up the house
A．He designed the house in five stories to trap heat in it.
B．He applied 75 centimeters of plastic foam to exterior walls.
C．He tailored the interior design to the demand of local people.
D．He installed a ventilator to cut down carbon dioxide emissions.
68．Which is the best title for the passage
A．Green Homes Offer Hope amid Climate Change
B．Green Houses Feature Near-Zero Energy Consumption
C．Ren Jun Won the International Design Award
D．China Strives for Low Carbon Strategy with Green Houses
（2024·湖北武汉·一模）Many think 2024 could be the year more people have the tools to follow through on New Year’s resolutions about weight loss. If they can afford them and manage to stick with them, people can turn to a new generation of remarkably effective weight-loss drugs, also called GLP-1s, which offer the potential for substantial weight loss.
Wegovy, which was approved in 2021, and Zepbound, which got the nod from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2023, are the most effective publicly available weight-loss drugs ever made. Wegovy has been shown to help people shed as much as 16% of their body weight, in combination with exercise and diet. Zepbound’s highest dose, along with lifestyle changes, has helped people lose as much as 27% of their body weight over 18 months.
Although long-term data isn’t available, these drugs appear to be the safest to date. A large number of people suffer from gastrointestinal distress (肠胃不适) on the medications, including vomiting, nausea and diarrhea; but more serious side effects, like those previous weight-loss drugs, have been rare. Wegovy also appears to reduce the risk of a repeating heart attack or stroke for people with pre-existing disease.
So far, both drugs have been hard for patients to access. Suppliers have had trouble making enough of the medicines to meet the skyrocketing demand. And insurance companies haven’t covered the cost of the drugs, which can run from about $1,000 to over $1,300 a month.
Paying for them should become easier in 2024, as supplies rise up and insurance companies could bow to market pressure and cover more of the cost.
Also in the new year, there are more GLP-1 drugs on the way and in more forms. Both Wegovy and Zepbound are delivered as weekly shots. Pill versions are under development as are other medications, some of which could help people lose even more weight.
There’s a major unknown factor with these drugs, which could become better understood in the coming years. Experts can’t say if people will be able to keep the weight off if they don’t make lifestyle changes and stop taking the drugs.
69．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The side effects of the two drugs. B．The safety of the two drugs.
C．The advantages of the two drugs. D．The doubt about the two drugs.
70．Which is the reason for the shortage of the two drugs
A．The technology to make the medicines is not mature.
B．They are expensive, sold at around $1,000 for each shot.
C．They are not currently included in the medical insurance.
D．There are no pill versions of the two drugs on the market.
71．Which statement about GLP-1 drugs is correct
A．They are mainly injected into patients at present.
B．They can effectively reduce weight by 27% per year.
C．The doubt about the drugs will be cleared in the coming year.
D．The drugs will substantially solve the weight issue once and for all.
72．What is the author’s attitude towards the development of GLP-1 drugs
A．Doubtful. B．Critical. C．Objective. D．Hopeful.
（2024·福建·模拟预测）Urban agriculture, the practice of farming within the restrictions of a city, is becoming increasingly popular and is viewed as a sustainable alternative to big industrial farms. By some estimates, between 20% and 30% of the global urban population engages in some form of urban agriculture. But until recently, its carbon footprint remains understudied.
Using data from 73 low-tech city farms, community gardens and personal plots of land, Newell and his team compared the average carbon emissions of food produced at low-tech urban agriculture sites to those of conventionally grown crops. The team found that because of urban gardens’ relatively low yields, along with the energy used in constructing the planting beds, big-city spuds (马铃薯) were significantly more carbon-intensive than commercially grown ones. This held true even when the researchers factored in emissions from transporting commercially grown produce to often distant grocery stores. That doesn’t mean that growing vegetables in big cities is totally bad, however. “Urban farming is great, ” if imperfect, says Carola Grebitus, a food choice expert. It can be a powerful tool for job creation and education, she says, and a good way to introduce fresh produce to urban “food deserts” where healthy fruits and vegetables are hard to come by. Community gardens can also provide a place to connect with nature, and the added green space can reduce the risks of heat and flooding.
Conscious of these benefits, Newell’s team highlighted several ways to make urban agriculture more sustainable. One option is to be selective about what crops are grown. For instance, tomatoes grown in the soil of open-air urban plots had a lower carbon intensity than tomatoes grown in conventional greenhouses. Another strategy is to rely on existing constructions. Include old structures into a new garden’s design instead of taking down old buildings. Finally, take the local climate, water quality and soil into account. Growing plants that are ill-suited to an area requires more water, energy and pesticides (杀虫剂), all of which affect the environment.
73．What can we know about urban agriculture from paragraph 1
A．It is thoroughly researched. B．It is welcomed by city people.
C．It is environmentally friendly. D．It is limited to industrial farms.
74．How does the author explain the reason for urban agriculture’s higher carbon intensity
A．By making a comparison. B．By telling a story.
C．By giving a definition. D．By using a quote.
75．According to Carola, what is a benefit of urban agriculture
A．It adds variety to urban people’s diet. B．It provides recreational opportunities.
C．It strengthens the bonds of community. D．It helps to contain drought and flooding.
76．What is recommended to make urban agriculture more sustainable
A．Reconstructing gardens. B．Developing greenhouse crops.
C．Selecting pesticide-free vegetables. D．Growing plants suited to local conditions.
（2024·福建莆田·二模）The year is 1763, and a 7-year-old Mozart is about to set off on a tour around Europe that will jump-start the Mozart legend. Mozart had a trick up his sleeve. When the young Mozart heard a note played-any note-he could immediately identify exactly which note it was. It was an ability now we know as “perfect pitch”, and it seemed to be an example of the mysterious gifts that young geniuses had been born with. But is that really so
Over my years of studying experts in various fields, like Mozart, I have found that there’s no such thing as a predefined ability. Actually, those people all develop their abilities through “deliberate practice”, a purposeful and systematic type of practice that makes it possible for them to do things they otherwise could not. In them, potential is an expandable vessel, shaped by the various things they do throughout their lives.
One of my testimonies came from Ray Allen, a ten-time All-Star in the NBA．Allen’s jump shot was not noticeably better than his teammates’ back in high school; in fact, it was poor. But with hard work and dedication, he transformed his jump shot into one so graceful and natural that people assumed he was born with it.
But it doesn’t mean “Just keep working at it, and you’ll get there”. Heartfelt desire and hard work alone will not lead to improved performance. The right sort of practice carried out over a sufficient period of time will lead to improvement. Nothing else. And this is true whether our goal is to become a concert pianist or just play the piano well enough to amuse ourselves, to be the greatest three-point shooter or just build ourselves up. Deliberate practice is the gold standard for anyone in any field who wishes to build new skills and abilities.
77．Why is Mozart’s perfect pitch mentioned in paragraph 1
A．To introduce an inborn talent. B．To explain reasons for success,
C．To lead to reflection on gifts. D．To define a brilliant trick.
78．Which is the most important in making an expert according to the writer
A．Affection. B．Experience. C．Training. D．Gifts.
79．What does the underlined word “testimonies” mean in paragraph 3
A．Challenges. B．Proofs. C．Comments. D．Puzzles.
80．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Secret of Great Talents B．Bom to Stand Out
C．A Surprising Discovery D．Start When Young
（2024·山东枣庄·二模）Even if you haven’t held a conversation with Siri or Alexa, you’ve likely encountered a chatbot online. They often appear in a chat window that pops up with a friendly greeting: Thank you for visiting our site.How can I help you today Depending on the site, the chatbot is programmed to respond accordingly and even ask follow-up questions.
Chatbots are a form of conversational AI designed to simplify human interaction with computers. They are programmed to simulate human conversation and exhibit intelligent behavior that is equivalent to that of a human.
Chatbots communicate through speech or text. Both rely on artificial intelligence technologies like machine learning and natural language processing (NLP), which is a branch of artificial intelligence that teaches machines to read, analyze and interpret human language. This technology gives chatbots a baseline for understanding language structure and meaning. NLP, in essence, allows the computer to understand what you are asking and how to appropriately respond.
With developments in deep learning and reinforcement learning, chatbots can interpret more complexities in language and improve the dynamic nature of conversation between human and machine. Essentially, a chatbot tries to match what you’ve asked to an intent that it understands. The more a chatbot communicates with you, the more it understands and the more it learns to communicate like you and others with similar questions. Your positive responses reinforce its answers, and then it uses those answers again.
From customer service chatbots online to personal assistants in our homes,chatbots have started to enter our lives. In almost every industry, companies are using chatbots to help customers easily navigate their websites, answer simple questions and direct people to the relevant points of contact. Personal assistants like Siri and Alexa are designed to respond to a wide range of scenarios and queries, from current weather and news updates to personal calendars, music selections and random questions.
81．Why does the author mention Siri and Alexa in Paragraph 1
A．To explain how a chatbot works. B．To show where to find a chatbot.
C．To give examples of chatbots. D．To compare different chatbots.
82．What is the basis of chatbots
A．Language study. B．Data transmission.
C．Social interaction. D．Natural language processing.
83．What does the underlined word “reinforce” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Inspire. B．Strengthen. C．Organize. D．Match.
84．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．The future trend of chatbots. B．The author’s predictions.
C．The effects of chatbots. D．The applications of chatbots.
（2024·山东枣庄·二模）During my final year of college, I made two signs that read, “Feeling stressed about exams Have a free hug!” Then I found a friend and we stood in the campus, held up the signs, and waited. Passersby either quickly looked down at their phones and awkwardly walked by, or their faces lit up as they embraced us. Most people were enthusiastic. Some exclaimed, “You made my day!” or “Thank you. I needed this.”
A study published earlier suggests that, in addition to making us feel connected with others, all those hugs may have prevented us from getting sick. At first, this finding seems incredible, because hugging hundreds of strangers would increase your exposure to germs and therefore the likelihood of falling ill. But the new research adds to evidence for the positive influence of social support on health.
The researchers conducted an interview to find out how often participants experienced conflict with others and how often they received hugs. Then they infected the participants with a common cold virus and, later the researchers found that, regardless of how much conflict they endured, participants with a strong sense of social support developed less severe cold symptoms. Likewise, the more often people hugged, the less likely they were to get sick, even among individuals who frequently had tense interactions. In other words, both social support and hugging prevented against illness.
But their impact is more than a runny nose. On the extreme end, social connectedness seems to play a role in preventing against death. According to a research that examined over 300,000 people around the world, low levels of social support can increase the risk for premature death more than commonly known factors like smoking or alcohol consumption. No surprise that the World Health Organization identifies social networks as a primary determinant of health.
Evidently, just as we prioritize exercise and nutrition, we ought to prioritize quality time with loved ones; just as we avoid unhealthy habits like smoking, we should make effort to avoid isolation and social exclusion. And even if you don’t want to hug hundreds of strangers, don’t underestimate the healing power of touch.
85．What is t
