人教版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural Disasters Words and Expressions课件(共80张PPT)

(共80张PPT)
Natural
Disasters
Unit 4
Learning Objectives 单元目标
词汇
语法
阅读
写作
Be able to master the words and expressions about the topic-___________.
natural disasters
Be able to master the restrictive relative clauses_________.
定语从句
Be able to read news reports _________ about natural disasters.
新闻报道
Be able to master the aspects(要素) of news report and write a summary.
Natural
Disasters
Unit 4
Words & Expressions
disaster [/ d zɑ:st (r) / ] n. 灾难；灾害
disastrous adj. 灾难性的；极糟糕的
e.g. There will be a _______if human beings keep cutting down trees.
disaster
e.g. The decision was _________ in education.
disastrous
tornado [/t : ne d / ] n. (pl. -oes or-os) 龙卷风；旋风
e.g. The _______ destroyed everything in its path, which was horrifying(令人害怕的).
tornado
drought [/ dra t / ] n.旱灾；久旱
dry adj.干燥的
e.g. Week after week the _______ continued.
drought
landslide [/ l ndsla d / ] n. ( landfall) (山地或悬崖的）崩塌；滑坡
e.g. Their house was buried(被掩埋) by a ________.
landslide
slide vi&vt. ( slid-slid ) 使滑行、滑动（悄悄移动）
slide into ...偷偷地溜进...
e.g. The thief (小偷) slid into the room.
slide n.滑(动);滑道;滑梯;衰落;幻灯片
landslide 滑坡
on the slide 每况愈下
e.g. Have you ever heard the words “Letting it slide”
顺其自然
tsunami [/ tsu: nɑ:mi / ] n. 海啸
e.g. More than 600,000 people were injured by the _______.
tsunami
flood [/ fl d / ] n. 洪水；大量 a flood of ...大量的... in flood 泛滥
vi. 淹没；大量涌入(=pour倾倒)
flood in 涌入 flood into 大量涌入 flood out of 蜂拥而出
vt. 使灌满水；淹没
flooded adj.洪水泛滥的
be flooded with… 充满…
flood sth with… 用…充满…
flooding n [U不可数]水灾;洪水泛滥
Her eyes were flooded with tears.
Telephone calls flood in from all over the country.
volcanic eruption 火山喷发
volcano n. [C可数] (pl -oes /-os) 火山
volcanic adj. 火山的
dormant volcano 休眠火山 active volcano 活火山
erupt vi .(火山、喷泉等)喷发; (战争、感情等)爆发;突然发生
eruption n.[C]&[U]喷发;爆发
爆发：out break / blow up
magnitude [/ m gn tju:d / ] n. (地）震级；重大
e.g. We did not realize the magnitude of the problem.
rescue [/ reskju: / ] n.&vt. 营救；救援
rescue sb from... 把某人从...营救出来
come / go to sb's rescue 来营救某人
rescue workers 救援人员
vt
n
rescuer n. 救助者；救援人员
damage [/ d m d / ] vt. 损害；破坏 n.损坏；损害赔偿金；损失
cause/do damage to 对…造成损害
damaged adj.受损坏的
damages
be seriously / badly damaged 遭受严重破坏
damage one’s health 损害某人的健康
n
vt
e.g. Several vehicles(汽车) were damaged in the crash.
①Eating too much meat one time will cause damage ________your stomach.
②The 　　　　　(damage) aircraft was flying on only one engine.
③He handled(握、拿) the instrument(工具) with care for fear that it should_______________(damage).
④昨天晚上旅馆里发生了一场大火,造成了很大的损失。
A big fire broke out in the hotel yesterday evening, which ________________________.
to　
damaged　
be damaged　
caused great damage
destroy [/d ’str /] vt. 摧毁；毁灭
destruction n.破坏
destructive adj.破坏性的
e.g. They destroyed only about half of the crops(庄稼).
第三人称单数：destroys
过去式: destroyed 过去分词: destroyed 现在分词: destroying
【单词辨析】 破坏；损坏
break 指有形或无形的破坏 e.g. Don’t break the instruments.
wreck 侧重指船只、车辆、房屋等受到破坏，或计划、健康受到损害 e.g. Two passengers are still trapped(陷入) in the wreck.
spoil 强调不仅会削弱力量、精力或价值，而且会导致不可避免的毁灭。e.g. Our camping trip was spoilt by bad weather.
destroy 指十分彻底的毁坏，破坏。e.g. The whole city was destroyed in the earthquake.
harm 多指带来悲痛，产生恶果的伤害，可以是肉体的也可是精神的。e.g. Doctors say smoking harms our health.
ruin 因自然力或时间的作用而逐渐损坏，或指彻底毁坏名声，期望等。e.g. She poured water all over my painting and ruined it. (ruin的复数形式ruins表“废墟”) 。
damage 一般指部分性的破坏，含可修复使用。
extinguish 灭绝、消灭、熄灭。e.g. Firefighters tried to extinguish the flames.
evacuate [/ v kjue t / ] vt. 疏散；撤出 vi. 撤离
evacuation n.撤离
e.g. When the forest fires broke out, we were told to ________.
evacuate
escape n.&v.逃跑 escape from…
helicopter [/ hel k pt (r)/ ] n. 直升机
e.g. The helicopter rose into the air.
aircraft n.飞机;航空器
helicopter parent 直升机父母（指全程监视孩子的父母）
death n. ①[U]&[C]死;死亡 ②[U]灭亡;毁灭
be frightened to death 怕得要死
a matter of life or death 生死攸关的事情
No deaths, no injuries.
Two children were burnt to death in the fire.
deathly
adj. 死一般的；致命的
adv. 死了一样地；非常
deathless
adj. 不死的，不灭的
deathlike
adj. 像死人的；死了一样的
affect [/ ’fekt/ ] vt. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动
be affected with 患上…病；被…感染
be affected by 受到……的影响；被…打动
【2022浙江高考】I felt so helpless and insecure(缺乏保障) because the quality of my life was ________(affect).
affected
come down with患上…病
affection n.喜爱
effect n.影响 have an effect on… 对……有影响
come into effect 生效、开始实施
impact
influence
【2020江苏高考】Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing(用餐时间) _______(affect) performance(表现).
翻译：现代农业耕作方法可能对环境造成不良影响。
Modern farming methods can have a bad _______(affect) ____ the environment.
Modern farming methods can _______(affect) the environment ________(bad).
affects
effect
on
affect
badly
shelter n. [U] 避难所；居所；庇护
take shelter from sb 躲避某人
a shelter from sth 躲避…的场所
vt. 掩蔽;保护;为...提供避难所； vi.躲避（风雨或危险）
shelter from... 躲避...
shelter … from... 保护…免于…；使…免于…
We sat in the shade(阴影) and _________ (shelter) from the sun.
Parents cant shelter the children _____ all the dangers forever.
We should find a shelter from the wind and rain.
sheltered
躲避
from
保护…免于…
躲避…的场所
crack /kr k/ n.裂纹；裂缝
vi. &vt. (使）破裂 crack a smile 勉强一笑
adj. 顶呱呱的；第一流的；非常棒的
e.g. The ice started to crack.
as if=as though 似乎；好像；仿佛
even if / though 即使 ; 尽管
e.g. It felt as though he had run a marathon.
e.g. Even if you have dark skin, you still need to shelter from the sun.
ruin /’ru: n/ n. &vt. 破坏；毁坏 （ruins 废墟）
in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
e.g. In less than one minutes, a large city lay in ruins.
e.g. His plan was ruined by the accident.
e.g. As is known to us, smoking ruins our health.
be/lie in ruins 成为废墟；严重受损
fall in/into ruin 灭亡；毁坏；破坏
ruin sb/sth 毁灭/毁坏某人或某物；使某人破产
【2019天津高考】The smell ________(ruin) my appetite(胃口), and I pushed the dish(餐盘/菜肴) away.
In less than one minutes, a large city lay in ________(ruin).
ruined
ruins
lie 躺/撒谎/位于 lie- lay/lied - lain/lied
percent / p sent / n. 百分之 ….
percentage n.百分比
e.g. Only 8 percent of the area is forest.
e.g. 50 percent of the students are female.
metal /’metl/ n. 金属
metallic adj.金属般的
mental adj.精神的
medal n.奖牌；奖章
shock / k/ n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克；
冲击 culture shock文化冲击；触电、电击 electric shock触电
in shock 吃惊;休克 to one’s shock 令某人震惊的是
vt (使）震惊
shocked adj.吃惊的;震惊的
be shocked at/by 对…感到吃惊
be shocked to do sth/ that+句子 对做某事感到震惊
shocking adj.令人震惊的
【2020天津高考】Jones was ________(shock) when she said that she didn’t actually mind(介意) being cheated.
I stared at him ____ shock.
shocked
in
electricity / lek tr s ti / n.电；电能 electricity supply 电力供应
electrician n.电工
electric adj.电动的,用电的 electric car / guitar电动汽车/电吉他
electrical adj.与(用)电有关的 electrical engineering 电气工程
electronic adj.电子的 electronic payments电子支付
trap /tr p/
vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套
be trapped under/in… 被困于…
trap sb into doing sth 诱骗某人做某事
n. 险境；陷阱
set a trap for 布下圈套
fall into a trap 落入圈套
trick sb into doing sth
cheat sb into doing sth
When the accident happened, they were trapped ___the lift(电梯).
If you walk into the forest, you’re likely to fall 　　　a trap.
The man trapped the little boy into 　　　　　(enter) the building.
She had set a trap 　　　him and he walked straight into it.
in
into
entering
for
bury / beri / vt. 埋葬；安葬
bury...in... 把……埋到……里
bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手掩面
be buried in=bury oneself in 埋头于;专心于;沉浸于
be buried in thought 陷入沉思
e.g. She always has her head buried in a book.
e.g. Since(因为) Jack left, he buried himself in his work.
breathe / bri: / vi.&vt.呼吸
breathe in 吸气;吸入
breathe out 呼气;呼出
breathe (new) life into... 给...带来起色；注入活力
【2022全国甲卷】When we paused(暂停) to catch our _______(breathe), Steve got down on one knee(膝盖).
breath
breath n.呼吸
take a deep breath 深呼吸
hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
out of breath 气喘吁吁地,上气不接下气地
catch one’s breath 喘口气
take one’s breath away 令某人叹为观止
breathless adj.气喘吁吁的
Tired and out ___ breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.
of
revive / r va v / vt.& vi复活；（使）苏醒
revival / r va vl/ n. 振兴；复苏
e.g. The economy is beginning to revive.
effort /’ef t / n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
e.g. 【2020全国Ⅱ卷】The good news is that it’s simple to learn and can be worth(值得) the effort.
be worth the effort 值得努力
spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力做某事
With/without effort 费力/毫不费力
e.g. She flagged(标记) her yellow blouse(短上衣) and spared no effort to yell(喊叫) so as to(为了) attract others’ attention.
make an effort to do sth.
in an effort to do sth
put an effort into
努力做某事
翻译：我们应该尽全力保护我们的环境免于被污染(pollute)。
We should spare no effort to shelter our environment from being polluted.
We should make an effort to protect our environment from being polluted.
effortless adj.不需费力的
effortlessly adv.轻松地；毫不费劲地
unify / ju:n fa / vi.&vt. 统一；（使）成一体
e.g. The new leader hopes to unify the country.
union n.联邦，联盟；协会
unified adj. 统一的；一致标准的
united adj.团结的；一致的；联合的
wisdom / w zd m / n. 智慧；才智
wise adj.有智慧的;明智的
wisely adv.明智地;精明地
context/ k ntekst / n. 上下文；语境；背景(background)
e.g. You should be able to guess the meaning(含义) of the word from the context.
social context 社会背景
out of context 脱离上下文；割裂地
in context 在上下文中
in this context 就此而论
suffer / s f (r) / vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. ( 因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦
e.g. 【2022浙江高考】Ms. Burdeyney talked to some friends who had similar(相似的) problems and discovered(发现) that they were largely suffering in silence(沉默).
suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage 遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏
suffer from 受……之苦;患……病
be affected with
come down with
suffering n.苦难;痛苦;让人痛苦的事(常用复数)
sufferer n. 受难者；患难者
e.g. 【2020江苏高考】Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered ______ blindness(失明) for lack of proper treatment(治疗).
The Red Cross(红十字会) gave food and clothing to the _________(suffer) in the earthquake.
The civil war(内战) of Syria(叙利亚) has brought great __________(suffer) to thousands of people.
from
sufferers
sufferings
supply / s pla / n.供应（量）；补给；[pl.] 补给品（物资）
vt. 供应；供给
supply and demand供应与需求
in short supply 供不应求
a good/large supply for 大量的/充足的
n
supply sth to sb / supply sb with sth 提供某物给某人
vt
= provide sth. for sb./provide sb. with sth.
= offer sb. sth./offer sth to sb.
supplement n. 补充物 supplementary adj. 补充的 n. 补给
supplemental adj. 补充的（等于supplementary）；追加的
【2021全国乙卷】For the biggest stadiums(体育场) in the world, we have used data(数据) _________(supply) by the World Atlas list(世界地图集列表) so far(到目前为止).
supplied
过去分词作定语（被动），修饰名词data.
This is a pet dog _______(call) Poppy.
called
typhoon / ta fu:n / n.台风
e.g. The typhoon hit the coastal(沿海的) areas.
hurricane / h r k n / n . ( 尤指大西洋的）飓风
e.g. She was caught in a hurricane.
survive / s va v/ vt. 幸存；艰难度过 vi.生存；存活
【2021天津高考】Love of family helps us survive great hardships.
survive sth. 幸免于;从……中幸存下来/挺过来/活下来 (vt.)
survive on 依靠……生存下来
survive from 从……中留存（流传）下来
survive sb by...比某人多活...（多长时间）
survival n.[U]幸存;[C]残存物
survivor n.幸存者;生还者
【2021全国甲卷】The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete(完整的) city wall that ____________(survive) China’s long history.
在那次地震中幸存下来后,我们相信其他一切都会好起来的。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
has survived
After we had survived the earthquake, we were confident everything else would be all right.
power n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力；大国;强国（C）
vt. 驱动;推动
come to/into power 掌权
in power 掌权；执政
have the power to do sth 有权力做某事
Before he came _____ power, he was once put in prison(监狱) for years.
into
in one’s power 在某人的能力范围内
out of/beyond one’s power 超出某人能力范围
do everything in one’s power to do sth 尽力去做某事
spare no effort to do sth
make an effort to do sth.
try one’s best to do sth
The media has a __________(power) influence on public opinion.
Not that John doesn’t want to help you, but that the problem is beyond ____(he) power.
powerful
his
powerful adj. 强有力的；强大的
powerless adj. 无力的；无权的；无效能的
【单词辨析】“力量”
might 多指巨大或超人的力量。
strength 指机体内部的能力。
power 泛指一切力量或能力等。
vigor 活力、精力。
force 武力;武装部队。
energy 精力、能量、能源。
A person‘s ability is limited(有限的), but team’s might is infinite(无穷的).
You need strong mental strength to help yourself.
Nothing would satisfy(满足) her greed(贪婪) for power.
May you can keep full of vigor to work.
The Afghan(阿富汗) air force was using helicopters to supply the town.
77% of energy is created from fossil fuels(化石燃料).
tap n. 水龙头 vt.&vi. 轻拍;轻打；利用、发掘
tap into sth 利用/开发……
e.g. Why don’t we turn off(关掉) the tap
e.g. When he ran out of money, he decided to tap into his trust fund(信托基金).
pipe / w sl / n. 管子、管道
e.g. Workmen cut a hole(洞) in the pipe.
e.g. The earthquake had destroyed many of the city’s water pipes.
whistle / w sl / vi.吹口哨；发出笛声 vt. 吹口哨
n. 哨子（声）；呼啸声
whisper n. & v.低语；耳语；窃窃私语
emergency / i m :d nsi / n. 突发事件；紧急情况
e.g. Iceland(冰岛) has entered a state of(状态) emergency.
e.g. The government had to take emergency action to against the volcanic eruption.
e.g. They escaped through an emergency exit and called the police.
state of emergency 紧急状态
take emergency action 采取紧急措施
an emergency exit 紧急出口
emergency room 急诊室
emergent adj.紧急的;浮现的
calm / kɑ:m / adj.镇静的；沉着的；(天气、海洋等)平静的
vt. 使平静；使镇静
e.g. 【2021新高考Ⅰ卷】Thankfully, Jeff stayed calm and turned off(关闭) the gas(燃气) quickly.
stay/keep/remain calm 保持镇静
calm down 安静下来 calm sb down使某人镇静下来
calmly adv.平静地;镇静地
【2020浙江高考】The last thing I saw was Don’s face, looking _______(calm) back at me.
calmly
【单词辨析】
quiet （人）心境平和/性情温柔；（物）宁静的、寂静的
calm （天气）平静的、无风的；（海洋）风平浪静的；
（人）镇静的
still 静止的；不动的；悄无声息的
silent 没有声响的；少言寡语的
You had better calm _____ , or else(否则) you will get into trouble.
down
I was looking forward to a quiet evening at home.
It is important to keep calm in an emergency.
On a still day, you can see your face reflected(反射) in water.
As the curtain(幕帘) rose, the audience fell silent.
aid / e d / n.援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.&vt. (formal) 帮助；援助
e.g. 【2021全国乙卷】Provide financial(财政/经济) aid and other benefits for local people.
e.g. People from the other parts of the country aided them with plenty of(充足的) supplies.
e.g. We’ve aided him in finishing the work ahead of time.
aid sb in sth 在某方面帮助某人 = help sb in sth
aid sb in doing sth 帮助某人做某事 = aid sb to do sth
financial aid 经济援助
aid sb with sth 用某物帮助某人= help sb with sth
do / give / offer /perform/carry out first aid进行急救
come to one’s aid 帮助某人
with the aid of 在……的帮助下 = with the help of
in aid of 为了帮助
n
【单词辨析】帮助；支持
help support assistance / assist
e.g. Doctors and nurses are carrying out first aid in aid of saving the patient’s life.
e.g. With the aid of my teacher, I have made progress this term.
kit n.成套工具;成套设备
a first aid kit 急救箱
tool kit 工具包
survival kit 救生包
on hand 在手头;现有;在场;到场
at hand 在手边；可能很快发生的
by hand 用手；手工
hand in hand 手拉手；联合起来
out of hand 无法控制
at first hand 第一手；直接地
hand in 交上；提交
hand out 分发
hand over 交出；移交
hand on 交付，传递
shake hands 握手
crash / kr / vi.&vt. 碰撞；撞击 n. 撞车；碰撞
e.g. She was frightened that the plane would crash.
plane crash 飞机失事
crack
crush / kr /
v/n裂缝
v/n压碎；迷恋
sweep /swi:p/ vt.&vi. ( swept - swept) 打扫；清扫
sweep away 消灭；彻底消除
e.g. Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves(巨浪) caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.
e.g. 【2021天津高考】As I swept up the mess(混乱/残局), I wondered(想知道) why we had been breaking so many things over the months.
swept up 打扫；扫除
sweep out 打扫干净
sweep aside 对……置之不理
sweep into 把……扫入……;昂然走进
sweep through 席卷...；轻易通过...
①People visit their ancestors’ graves(坟墓) to sweep ______the dirt(灰尘).
②She swept the pile of(堆) papers and books 　　　her bag.
③Nobody noticed(注意到) how she swept 　　　the room.
away　
into　
into　
wave / we v / n.海浪；波浪
vi.&vt. 挥手；招手
wavy adj. 波浪形的
wave at/to... 向...挥手
a wave of...一波/一阵...
strike / stra k / vi.&vt. (struck, struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打
n. 罢工；罢课；袭击
e.g. The earthquake struck this area around 7:00 a.m.
strike sb +介词+身体部位 “打某人的某处”
e.g. The clock strikes twelve times at noon.
e.g. The ball(球) struck him on the head.
be struck with/ by/ on sb(sth)
“被某人/某物打(动)”；“迷恋某人/某物”
e.g. Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm.
e.g. We were struck by the beauty of the West Lake..
be / go on strike 在/开始 罢工
e.g. The workers go on strike to ask for higher pay.
It strikes/struck sb that... 某人突然想起……
e.g. Just then it struck him that we might made a wrong decision.
It hits/hit sb that…
It occurs to/occurred to sb that…
strike sb into one’s heart 使某人刻骨铭心
e.g. That thing struck him into his heart.
stricken adj.受灾的;患病的;受苦的
striker n. 罢工者; (足球的)前锋; (棒球的)击球手
striking adj.惊人的;显著的;引人注目的
写作：我突然想起明天我在上海有一个重要会议。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
It struck me that I would have an important meeting in Shanghai the next day.
deliver / d l v (r) / vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt. 发表
e.g. Dangerous conditions(情况/条件) and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.
delivery n. 递送；交付
deliver sth to sb 把某物递送给某人
deliver a speech/lecture 发表演讲/发表讲座
be delivered of... 分娩……
e.g. 【2021新高考Ⅰ卷】The son of a grocer(杂货铺), he had spent the summers of his childhood __________(deliver) food in Benardsville.
e.g. 【2020天津高考】Once the book you’ve requested ___________(deliver) to the nearest branch(分部/分店), they will inform(告知) you by e-mail.
e.g. She was delivered ______a healthy baby boy yesterday evening.
delivering　
spent+时间/金钱+(in) doing sth
is delivered　
谓语动词被动语态：be + done
of
summary n. 总结;摘要;概要
in summary 总的来说
make a summary 作总结
summarize vi.&vt.总结;概括;概述 (=sum up)
to summarize 总而言之
表示 “总结” 的连接词：
in a word
on the whole
in short
briefly / in brief
to sum up
all in all
effect / fekt / n.影响；结果；效果
e.g. 【2021北京高考】If they run slower, you’ll see the opposite(对立的/相反的) effect.
The new law came into effect. Nowadays it is beginning to take effect. In effect, it has an effect on our life in many ways besides people’s focus on the food safety. I believe that the effective law will contribute to improving our life quality.
come into effect 开始实施/生效
take effect 生效
in effect 事实上
have an effect on对…有影响
effective adj. 有效的，有影响的
side effect 副作用
efficient adj.效率高的
length / le θ/ n.长；长度
lengthen v.（使）变长
in length 长度
at length 最后，终于；详细地
e.g. It is about a metre in length.
long adj. 长的
（adj） （n） （v）
长 long length lengthen
宽 wide width widen
高 high height heighten
深 deep depth deepen