(共75张PPT)
Unit 6 Survival
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
1.通过阅读课文内容，了解城市里出现越来越多的野生动物的现状；强化保护环境、保护地球的意识，树立与自然和谐相处的观念；学会适应环境的变化，冷静面对各种困难，锤炼不屈不挠的探索精神。（文化意识，思维品质）
2.通过分析课文结构，了解文本大意，培养略读和查读等阅读能力，培养分析长难句的能力。（语言能力, 学习能力）
3.通过对教材课文的阅读,在课文的具体情境中猜测词义,推测词性,了解重要词汇的基本用法；读懂并描述困境之下的生存故事，提高自己的理解能力和表达能力。（语言能力）
Ⅰ.词义匹配
A.v.限制;控制
B.adj.至关重要的;关键性的
C.adj.城市的；城镇的
D.v.估计;估算
E.n.垃圾
F.v.推定;推断
G.n.树干
H.n.（尤指政府内的）局；部；处
I.n.燃料
J.adj.（原子）核的；核武器的
1.urban ( )
C
2.garbage( )
E
3.estimate( )
D
4.restrict( )
A
5.crucial( )
B
6.fuel( )
I
7.nuclear( )
J
8.agency( )
H
9.infer( )
F
10.trunk( )
G
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1.______ n. 罪；罪行→________ n. 罪犯
crime
criminal
2._________ n. 容器→________ v. 容纳
container
contain
3.__________ v. 欣赏；赏识→____________ n. 欣赏；赏识
appreciate
appreciation
4.______ n. 徒步旅行者；远足者→_____ n.& v. 徒步旅行；远足
hiker
hike
5.__________ adj. 乐观的;乐观主义的→（反义词）___________ adj. 悲观的;悲观主
义的
optimistic
pessimistic
6.________ adv. 在室内；进入室内→（反义词）_________ adv. 在室外
indoors
outdoors
7.____________ n.（精力、油、电等的）消耗量→_________ vt. 消耗；消费
consumption
consume
8.______ v.（作出）反应→________ n. 反应
react
reaction
9._________ adj. 极其可怕的；骇人听闻的→_______ vt. 恐吓
terrifying
terrify
10._______ n. （尤指政府内的）局；部；处→______ n. 代理商；代理人
agency
agent
11._______ vt. 使暴露（于险境）→_________ n. 暴露；显露
expose
exposure
构词规律
-sure结尾的名词 -al结尾的名词
close→closure 关闭；封闭 compose→composure 镇静；沉着 disclose→disclosure 披露；泄密 press→pressure 压力；挤压 remove→removal 去掉；消除
approve→approval 批准；认可；赞成
survive→survival 继续生存；存活
refuse→refusal 拒绝；回绝
1.___________适合
fit in with
2._________适应
adapt to
3.____________够不着
out of reach
4.__________弄明白
figure out
5.________________________除……别无选择
have no choice but to do
6.wipe out__________
彻底毁灭
7.consist of____________
由……组成
8.cope with__________________
应付（某种情况）
9.get rid of__________
摆脱;除去
10.bring...under control____________________
使……处于控制之下
1.Spotting the car with its window left open, the greedy thief didn't hesitate.（动词-
ing形式作状语）
翻译看到车窗开着的车,贪婪的小偷毫不犹豫。
仿写I was scanning the restaurant, ____________________________that was more
convenient than others.我扫视着餐厅,等着坐到比其他桌子更方便的第一张桌子旁。
waiting to sit at the first table
2.No matter howmany crimes he committed, the police were powerless to arrest him.
（no matter how引导状语从句）
翻译不管他犯了多少次罪,警察都无力逮捕他。
仿写_______________________,I just can't get it across to her.不管我怎么解释,我都无
法让她明白。
No matter how I explain
3.With nowhere else to make their homes, they have no choice but to move in with
us.（with的复合结构）
翻译由于无处安家,它们别无选择只能搬来和我们一起居住。
仿写______________________________,I can't go with you now.今天有那么多的工作
要做,所以我现在不能跟你去。
With so much work to do today
Step 1 先导入，拓展背景知识
Ⅰ.Read about the descriptions and match them to the photos.
A.A small animal from Africa or Asia that eats insects, and has a long nose, tongue and tail, and hard scales on its body.
B.A large number of them are killed by poachers（偷猎者） because their fur is very expensive. In the 1990s the Chinese government began to take an active part in protecting them in the Hoh Xil Nature Reserve—the huge national park on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
C.The animal whose habitat is in Sichuan, China, is the symbol of the World Wide Fund for Nature.
D.It lives in the forests of Southern China. Due to habitat loss caused by deforestation, and hunting by human poachers, it is considered to be a critically endangered species.
1.___
B
2.___
C
3.___
D
4.___
A
Ⅱ.Look at the title of the passage and the pictures in the textbook. Think about what the title means and what problems these animals could encounter in cities.
___________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
The title means the wild animals within the cities may have difficulties finding food, shelters and mates. If people find them, they may be trapped or killed.
Step 2 再精读，明确概要细节
Ⅰ.Read the passage on Pages 62-63 for the main idea.
The passage mainly tells us about___.
C
A.living with wild animals B.the protection of the habitats
C.the wild animals' moving into cities D.the protection of wild animals
Ⅱ.Read the passage on Pages 62-63 and choose the main idea of each paragraph.
A.Benefits of cities for wild animals.
B.We should learn to better understand and appreciate wild animals.
C.More wild animals are entering cities.
D.Animals' adaption to cities.
E.Reasons for migration of wild animals.
F.Dangers for some animals.
1.Para.1 ( )
C
2.Para.2( )
E
3.Para.3( )
A
4.Para.4( )
D
5.Para.5( )
F
6.Para.6( )
B
Ⅲ.Read the passage on Pages 62-63 again and choose the correct answers.
1.Why did the police feel powerless to arrest the criminal ( )
D
A.The criminal was strong. B.The criminal took a gun.
C.The criminal ran so fast. D.The criminal was indeed a wild animal.
2.Why did the animals find towns and cities and settle ( )
B
A.They could find food. B.They had no place to go.
C.They could live with relatives. D.They felt comfortable to stay with humans.
3.What can we know according to Paragraph 3 ( )
A
A.Our cities become greener and attract animals to live in.
B.The animals living in the cities can also meet their natural predators.
C.The newcomers are easy to be attacked by humans.
D.Hungry animals cannot find plenty to eat in our houses.
4.The fact that birds die from window impacts each year in the US shows that ___.
C
A.humans are threats to them
B.these birds have no food
C.these birds have yet to change their migratory routes
D.these birds want to attack humans
Step 3 后结构，分析语篇逻辑
Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks with proper words according to the passage on Pages 62-63.
out of their natural habitats
With nowhere else to make their homes
many of their natural predators
the leftovers we throw away
intelligent than their wild cousins
to fit in with their new homes
window impacts
that take them through cities with high-rise buildings
harmoniously sharing our urban habitats
Ⅱ.长难句分析
1.However true this is, we also need to consider that some of these so-called “urban
animals” have never moved at all—it's we humans who have moved into their
territory.
善分析本句是主从复合句。其中However true this is是However引导的（1）
__________从句；it's we humans who have moved into their territory是（2）______
句型,被强调的部分是（3）___________。
会翻译（4）________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
让步状语
强调
we humans
不管这种认识有多少真实性,我们同样需要考虑到,这些所谓的“城市动物”中的一些根本没有迁移——是我们人类进入了它们的领地。
2.There is evidence that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins, as
they frequently have to figure out difficult problems such as how to open rubbish
bins and other containers which they would not find in the wild.
善分析 本句是主从复合句。There is evidence that...意为“有证据表明……”,that 引导
（1）________从句;as they frequently have to...in the wild 是as 引导的（2）
__________从句,该从句也是主从复合句,其中which they would not find in the wild是
which引导的（3）______从句,修饰rubbish bins and other containers。
会翻译（4）________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
同位语
原因状语
定语
有证据表明,城市浣熊比野生同类更聪明,因为它们不得不经常解决一些难题,例如如何打开垃圾箱和其他它们在野外找不到的容器。
核心单词
知识点1 greedy adj.贪婪的；贪心的；渴望的 ＊greedily adv.贪婪地；贪吃地
（P62）Spotting the car with its window left open, the greedy thief didn't hesitate. 看到车窗开着的车，贪婪的小偷毫不犹豫。
知识拓展
be greedy for. . . 渴望得到……
be greedy to do sth 渴望做某事
It is/was greedy of sb to do sth. 做某事对于某人来讲真是贪婪。
经典佳句
Tom is greedy to do his homework to have a comfortable holiday. 汤姆为了有一个舒适的假期急着做家庭作业。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）Tom is so greedy____knowledge that he reads every book available.
for
（2）They are greedy_________（adjust） themselves to their new school.
to adjust
Ⅱ.单句写作
（3）（2023·四川德阳中学月考）Out of the hospital, he took off his mask
and____________________________. 他走出医院,摘下口罩, 贪婪地呼吸着新鲜的空气。
breathed the fresh air greedily
知识点2 commit v.投入；犯罪；承诺；保证 ＊commitment n.承诺；保证；投入
（P62）No matter how many crimes he committed, the police were powerless to arrest him.不管他犯了多少次罪,警察都无力逮捕他。
知识拓展
commit suicide/a crime 自杀/犯罪
commit...to... 向……投入……
commit oneself to （doing） sth 承诺（做）某事；使自己致力于（做）某事
make a commitment to do sth 答应做某事
图解释义
The fox committed a crime and was sent to prison.狐狸犯了罪，并被抓进了监狱。
名师点拨
commit oneself to （doing） sth 中的to是介词, 后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）On balance，I think I would rather not commit myself to ______（go） with
you.
going
（2）We made a ____________（commit） to keep working together.
commitment
（3）The government committed______ to reducing taxes.
itself
（4）A robbery ______________（commit） near here last night.
was committed
Ⅱ.一句多译
（5）一旦你全心投入，你目标的实现就有了保证。
→The achievement of your goal is assured the moment you __________________ it.
→The achievement of your goal is assured the moment you________________ it.
commit yourself to
are committed to
知识点3 appeal v.有感染力；呼吁；恳求；上诉；有吸引力 n.呼吁；恳求；吸引力；上诉 ＊appealing adj.有吸引力的；恳求的
（P62）As our cities become greener, they offer increasingly appealing spaces to animals looking for new habitats.随着我们的城市变得更加环保，它们为寻找新栖息地的动物提供了越来越有吸引力的空间。
知识拓展
appeal to sb for/to do... 向某人呼吁……/恳求某人做……
appeal to sb 吸引某人
make an appeal to sb 向某人提出呼吁
图解释义
The animal rights group launched an appeal to stop commercial whaling.动物权益保护组织呼吁停止商业捕鲸。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）The idea of a holiday abroad is certainly _________（appeal）.
appealing
（2）We made an appeal ___the villagers ____money to build the bridge.
to
for
Ⅱ.同义句改写
（3）On the other hand,the idea attracted him.
→On the other hand,the idea ___________him.（appeal v.）
appealed to
（4）He appealed to other leaders to donate to the cause.
→He __________________other leaders to donate to the cause.（appeal n.）
made an appeal to
知识点4 crucial adj.至关重要的；关键性的
（P64）One thing crucial to the increasing number of “urban animals” is their ability to adapt. “城市动物”数量不断增加的一个关键因素是它们的适应能力。
知识拓展
be crucial to... 对……至关重要
a crucial factor/issue/decision 一个关键因素/问题/决定
It is crucial that... 重要的是……
图解释义
The doctor said that daily exercise is crucial to his recovery.医生说每天锻炼对他的康复非常关键。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）Keeping world markets relatively open is
crucial_______________________________.保持世界市场相对开放对数十亿人的希望至
关重要。
to the hopes of billions of people
（2）________________we make this problem clear.我们把这个问题弄明白是极其重
要的。
It is crucial that
（3）______________________is to clear anything urgent before you go away.在你离
开之前要做的一件重要的事情是要处理完任何紧要的事情。
One crucial thing to do
知识点5 container n.容器；集装箱；货柜 ＊contain vt.包含；含有；容纳；克制；抑制（感情）
（P62）There is evidence that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins, as they frequently have to figure out difficult problems such as how to open rubbish bins and other containers which they would not find in the wild.有证据表明,城市浣熊比野生的同类更聪明,因为它们不得不经常解决一些难题,例如如何打开垃圾箱和其他它们在野外找不到的容器。
知识拓展
a plastic/metal container 一个塑料/金属容器
an airtight container 一个密封的容器
a container ship 集装箱船
contain oneself 克制自己
经典佳句
This new container is cleverly designed and easily made.这种新型的容器设计巧妙，制作简单。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）Food will last longer if kept in___________________. 如果贮藏在密封的容器里，
食物能保存比较久的时间。
an airtight container
（2）I was so furious I just couldn't______________. 我气愤极了，无法克制自己。
contain myself
知识点6 distinguish v.区分；辨别；分清；成为……的特征；使有别于 ＊distinguished adj.著名的；卓著的；高贵的
（P63）Unable to distinguish between blue sky and glass, birds crash into windows at speeds of about 50 kilometres per hour. 由于无法区分蓝天和玻璃，鸟儿以大约每小时50千米的速度撞向窗户。
知识拓展
distinguish...from.../distinguish between...and... 使……有别于……的特征；区别……和……
be distinguished for... 因……而出名
distinguish oneself 使著名
经典佳句
Years of experiences and his knowledge of the wilderness have made him feel at home in nature. He can distinguish different animals by their feces, and identify various plants.多年的经验和他对荒野的了解使他在大自然中感到十分自在。他可以通过粪便来区分不同的动物，也可以辨别不同的植物。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）_____________（distinguish） guests and friends，welcome to our school.
Distinguished
（2）It's important to distinguish right ______ wrong.
from
（3）The Chinese nation is distinguished ____ its diligence and courage.
for
Ⅱ.同义句改写
（4）He was distinguished for his knowledge of economics and was elected as head
of the economic school.
→_________________________________________,he was elected as head of the
economic school.（动词-ed形式作状语）
Distinguished for his knowledge of economics
知识点7 estimate v.估计；估算 n.（对数量、成本等的）估计；估价 ＊estimation n.（对水平、数量等的）估计；判断；评价
（P63）Recent studies estimate that between 400 million and 1 billion birds die from window impacts each year in the US alone.最近的研究估计，仅在美国，每年就有4亿至10亿只鸟死于窗户撞击。
知识拓展
estimate sth at ... 估算某物的价格为……；估计某事的数为……
It is estimated that ... 据估计……
经典佳句
It's estimated that 20% of the Amazon, the world's biggest rainforest, has been cleared, mainly as a result of logging and farming. 据估计, 亚马孙热带雨林——世界上最大的热带雨林，其20%已经被夷为平地, 这主要是由伐木业和农业造成的。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）The firm estimated the cost of the new house ___$10,000.
at
（2）At present aircraft emissions are estimated __________ （account） for about
2% of the total world CO2 emissions.
to account
（3）According to rough__________（estimate）, the beautiful vase is worth over a
million yuan.
estimation
Ⅱ.单句写作
（4）__________________the building will be completed in ten months.据估计，大楼
十个月内可以完工。
It is estimated that
（5）（2023·山东历城二中月考）Teachers often tell us that one must
_______________________________ and never underestimate his potential, nor
overestimate his strength. 老师们经常告诉我们, 一个人必须对自己有一个正确的认识,
永远不要低估了自己的潜力, 也不要高估了自己的实力。
have a correct estimate of himself
知识点8 appreciate v.欣赏；赏识；感激；感谢；理解；意识到 ＊appreciation n.欣赏；感激
（P63）However they adapt to our ways of urban living, it's important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbours. 不管它们如何适应我们的城市生活方式，重要的是我们要更好地了解甚至学会赏识我们的野生动物邻居。
知识拓展
appreciate doing... 感激做……
I would appreciate it if... 假如……我将不胜感激
in appreciation of 因感激……
图解释义
The teachers appreciated the boy's bravery.老师们欣赏这个男孩的勇敢。
名师点拨
（1）appreciate后接动词-ing形式。
（2）其后只能接“事”作宾语,而不能接“人”作宾语。
（3）其后不直接跟if或when等引导的从句,须先接it,再接从句。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）I don't appreciate _____________（treat） like a second-class citizen.
being treated
（2）He expressed his ____________（appreciate） for what she had done.
appreciation
（3）I'd appreciate ___ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you
will come.
it
（4）He is given a rise in appreciation ___ his excellent work.
of
Ⅱ.同义句改写
（5）I would be grateful to you for turning off the lights.（用appreciate改写）
→_______________if you would turn off the lights.
I'd appreciate it
知识点9 restrict vt.限制；妨碍；约束 ＊restricted adj. 有限的；受限制的；受控制的；受约束的 ＊restriction n.限制；拘束
（P64）Some environmentalists argue that we should restrict urban development to leave enough natural habitats for wild animals.一些环保主义者认为，我们应该限制城市发展，为野生动物留下足够的自然栖息地。
知识拓展
restrict sb to ... 限定某人（仅拥有某物等）
restrict sth to... 限定某事（尤指活动）于（某地、某时、某一类人）
be restricted to 限制（在某范围）
restrict...from doing... 禁止……做……
图解释义
This sign means that all vehicles are restricted from entering.这个标志意味着所有机动车都禁止驶入。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）We should restrict the number of students per class ___20 to guarantee the
teaching quality.
to
（2）The use of this kind of drug___________（restrict） in many countries.
is restricted
（3）There is no__________（restrict） on the number of people, so you can come
to attend the meeting if you like.
restriction
Ⅱ.单句写作
（4）The speed______________20 kilometers an hour in this area.在这个区域，车速
被限制为每小时20千米。
is restricted to
短语句式
知识点10 under construction 在建设之中
（P62）Today, foxes can be seen all over London—one even being found living on the 72nd floor of the Shard building when it was under construction!今天, 在伦敦到处都可以看到狐狸, 甚至有一只狐狸被发现生活在沙德大厦的72层, 当时这座大厦正在建造中!
知识拓展
“under+n.”表示被动意义
under consideration 在考虑中
under discussion 在讨论中
under repair 在修理中
under control 处于控制之下
under debate 在争论中
under the umbrella of... 在……的保护下；在……的管理下
经典佳句
There's a big sports centre under construction, which will be very impressive when it's finished.有一个大型体育中心正在建设，建完后将非常引人注目。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）The old buildings which were damaged are still____________.那些被损坏的古建
筑仍在修缮之中。
under repair
（2）We tried hard to get the fire_____________.我们努力控制火势。
under control
（3）Your proposals are still__________________.你的建议仍在考虑之中。
under consideration
知识点11 figure out 理解；明白；算出；解决
（P62）There is evidence that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins, as they frequently have to figure out difficult problems such as how to open rubbish bins and other containers which they would not find in the wild.有证据表明，城市浣熊比野生的同类更聪明，因为它们不得不经常解决一些难题，例如如何打开垃圾箱和其他它们在野外找不到的容器。
知识拓展
figure on 期待;指望;打算
figure skating 花样滑冰
a leading/public figure 一个主要/公众人物
经典佳句
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist, fur probably didn't cross your mind.当你想该为环保主义者买些什么时，你可能不会想到毛皮。
融会应用
Ⅰ.写出下列句子中figure的含义
（1）She reported the latest trade figures to her manager.______
数字
（2）Mary was born with a slim figure.______
身材
（3）She is a public figure.______
人物
（4）A figure in a blue dress appeared in the doorway.______
身影
Ⅱ.翻译句子
（5）我不理解他为什么辞掉工作。
___________________________________
I can't figure out why he quit his job.
（6）你计算出假期将花多少钱了吗
__________________________________________________
Have you figured out how much the holiday will cost
知识点12 fit in with 与……相适应；符合；与……一致
（P62）Some animals have even changed their living habits to fit in with their new homes.一些动物甚至改变了它们的生活习惯以适应它们的新家。
知识拓展
fit sb/sth 适合某人/某物
be fit for 适合
keep fit 保持健康
经典佳句
He's never done this type of work before; I'm not sure how he'll fit in with the other people. 他过去从未干过这种工作，我不确定他将如何与其他人配合得好。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）Neither you nor I am fit ____the work.
for
（2）I'd like to join an aerobics class to improve my _______（fit）.
fitness
知识点13 动词-ing形式作状语
（P62）Spotting the car with its window left open, the greedy thief didn't hesitate. 看到车窗开着的车,贪婪的小偷毫不犹豫。
知识拓展
句中的Spotting the car with its window left open为动词-ing形式作状语。
1.动词-ing形式作状语时, 要根据其发生时间的先后来确定是用动词-ing形式的一般式（doing）还是完成式（having done）。
（1）当动词-ing形式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时, 用一般式。
Walking in the street, I met an old friend of mine. 我走在大街上时, 遇到了一位老朋友。（Walking和谓语动词met同时发生）
（2）当动词-ing形式的动作先发生, 而谓语动词的动作后发生时, 用完成式。
Having finished the letter, he went to post it. 他写完信后就把它寄了出去。（Having finished是先发生的, went to post是后发生的）
2.动词-ing形式的语态
使用动词-ing形式的主动式还是被动式, 主要取决于动词-ing形式和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是动词-ing形式的逻辑主语。
（1）Having finished his homework, he went to bed.完成了作业后, 他就上床睡觉了。（动词-ing形式的主动式）
（2）Having been shown around the factory, they were very happy.被领着参观了工厂后, 他们很高兴。（动词-ing形式的被动式）
3.动词-ing形式的否定式：not+动词-ing形式；not having+动词-ed形式
（1）Not knowing this, he didn't come. 他不知道这件事, 所以没来。
（2）Not having made full preparations, we put off the sports meeting. 因为没有做好充分的准备, 我们把运动会延期了。
4.独立成分作状语
有些动词-ing形式作状语在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在, 其形式的选择不受上下文的影响, 表明说话者的态度、观点等, 被称为评论性状语。常见的有：generally speaking一般说来；strictly speaking严格说来；judging from/by根据……来判断
Generally speaking, as a foreign language, Chinese is more difficult to learn than English. 一般说来, 作为一门外语, 汉语要比英语更难学。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）Our math teacher gave us a further explanation, ___________________________.
我们的数学老师给我们进一步解释了一下,使它解决起来更容易。
making it easier to work out
（2）________________, the resources in the world are very limited.坦白地说,世界上
的资源是很有限的。
Frankly speaking
知识点14 “only+状语”置于句首引起部分倒装
（P63）Only then can we look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats.只有这样,我们才能展望和谐地共享我们的城市栖息地。
知识拓展
句中Only修饰时间状语then,置于句首,句子用部分倒装,把情态动词can提前。
only后接作状语的副词、介词短语或从句等时,主句用倒装结构。如果only后跟的是主语,就不用倒装结构。
Only in this way can we learn English well.只有这样我们才能学好英语。
Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get back to work.直到1918年战争结束时,他才能重新开始工作。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）Only after a bitter struggle _____（be） the aim achieved.
was
（2）The boy ___________（help） out only when his father arrived in a hurry.
was helped
（3）Only the teachers___________（allow） to use the room.
are allowed
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.The new law________（restrict） the sale of this medicine.
restricts
2.It is so_______（greed） of you to leave none of the cake for everyone else.
greedy
3._________（adapt） to school life quickly is important for freshmen, which will
influence their performances.
Adapting
4.We've tried to make the design of racing bicycles more_________（appeal） to
young people.
appealing
5.Now we seldom carry cash, so the_______（thief） are having a hard time.
thieves
6.As a student, do you think that it is worthwhile to spend ___great amount of time
on computer games
a
7.Some animals can adapt to the urban and _________（suburb） environments quite
well.
suburban
8.It is _________（estimate） that up to 100,000 people watch or take part in fox
hunting.
estimated
9.It didn't take the children a long time _________（figure） out the correct answer.
to figure
10.When his friend was in trouble, he lent him a hand without _________（hesitate）.
hesitation
Ⅱ.选词填空
throw away； adapt to； crash into； be responsible for； out of reach； take
over； under construction； for sure； fit in with； get a taste for
1.Cooking, traditionally undertaken by mothers, has been often ___________by fathers
nowadays.
taken over
2.The building_________________is a public library.
under construction
3.Even to this day we don't know what happened________.
for sure
4.I've got boxes of old clothes, which I really should____________.
throw away
5.Learning to relieve stress is a necessary means to_________modern society.
adapt to
6.A truck went out of control, and____________the back of the bus.
crashed into
7.Most people who come from other countries seem to___________the way of life
here.
fit in with
8.The cyclist, rather than the bus driver, should_________________the accident.
be responsible for
9.If you go to New Orleans, you will______________jazz.
get a taste for
10.These products are normally bought and stored carefully ____________of children.
out of reach
Ⅲ.概要写作微技能——确定段落主旨句
1.阅读课文中的段落主旨句
People often wonder about the reasons behind this mass urban migration.
Yet, for its newest and wildest inhabitants, a city can offer many benefits.
One thing crucial to the increasing number of “urban animals” is their ability to adapt.
2.判断下列语句哪个不是段落主旨句( )
B
A.For those animals that don't adapt,the city can be a dangerous or even deadly place.
B.The crime took place in a seaside suburb of Cape Town.
C.However they adapt to our ways of urban living,it's important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbours.
单句填空
1.（2023·四省适应性考试）Knowing the route is vital to conservation efforts, but
James had no way to figure it ____ until he got a phone call from Washington State
Penitentiary in Walla Walla.
out
2.（2022·浙江1月）However, he seemed to have adapted ___ my nerdiness and took
on more tasks, which should have fallen in my range of responsibility.
to
3.（2021·浙江1月）As he writes in his new book,A Long Way Home, Brierley
couldn't help but wonder ______his hometown back in India.
about
4.（2020·全国Ⅱ）One group was responsible ____picking fruits, while the other
packed up the fruits.
for
5.（2023·四省适应性考试）More research taught us how much to feed him, how
___________（estimate） his age, how and when to wean（断奶） him， and that
we should let him go as soon as he could survive on his own.
to estimateUnit 6 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
【学习目标】
1.通过阅读课文内容,了解城市里出现越来越多的野生动物的现状;强化保护环境、保护地球的意识,树立与自然和谐相处的观念;学会适应环境的变化,冷静面对各种困难,锤炼不屈不挠的探索精神。(文化意识,思维品质)
2.通过分析课文结构,了解文本大意,培养略读和查读等阅读能力,培养分析长难句的能力。(语言能力, 学习能力)
3.通过对教材课文的阅读,在课文的具体情境中猜测词义,推测词性,了解重要词汇的基本用法;读懂并描述困境之下的生存故事,提高自己的理解能力和表达能力。(语言能力)
【自主预习】
Step 1 单词认读
Ⅰ.词义匹配
( )1.urban ( )2.garbage
( )3.estimate ( )4.restrict
( )5.crucial ( )6.fuel
( )7.nuclear ( )8.agency
( )9.infer ( )10.trunk
A.v.限制;控制
B.adj.至关重要的;关键性的
C.adj.城市的;城镇的
D.v.估计;估算
E.n.垃圾
F.v.推定;推断
G.n.树干
H.n.(尤指政府内的)局;部;处
I.n.燃料
J.adj.(原子)核的;核武器的
答案 1~5 CEDAB 6~10 IJHFG
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1. n. 罪;罪行→ n. 罪犯
2. n. 容器→ v. 容纳
3. v. 欣赏;赏识→ n. 欣赏;赏识
4. n. 徒步旅行者;远足者→ n.& v. 徒步旅行;远足
5. adj. 乐观的;乐观主义的→(反义词) adj. 悲观的;悲观主义的
6. adv. 在室内;进入室内→(反义词) adv. 在室外
7. n.(精力、油、电等的)消耗量→ vt. 消耗;消费
8. v.(作出)反应→ n. 反应
9. adj. 极其可怕的;骇人听闻的→ vt. 恐吓
10. n. (尤指政府内的)局;部;处→ n. 代理商;代理人
11. vt. 使暴露(于险境)→ n. 暴露;显露
答案 1.crime; criminal 2.container; contain
3.appreciate; appreciation 4.hiker; hike 5.optimistic; pessimistic 6.indoors; outdoors 7.consumption; consume 8.react; reaction 9.terrifying; terrify 10.agency; agent 11.expose; exposure
构词规律
-sure结尾的名词 -al结尾的名词
close→closure 关闭;封闭 compose→composure 镇静;沉着 disclose→disclosure 披露;泄密 press→pressure 压力;挤压 remove→removal 去掉;消除 approve→approval 批准;认可;赞成 survive→survival 继续生存;存活 refuse→refusal 拒绝;回绝
Step 2 短语记诵
1. 适合
2. 适应
3. 够不着
4. 弄明白
5. 除……别无选择
6.wipe out
7.consist of
8.cope with
9.get rid of
10.bring...under control
答案 1.fit in with 2.adapt to 3.out of reach
4.figure out 5.have no choice but to do 6.彻底毁灭 7.由……组成 8.应付(某种情况) 9.摆脱;除去 10.使……处于控制之下
Step 3 佳句赏析
1.Spotting the car with its window left open, the greedy thief didn't hesitate.(动词-ing形式作状语)
翻译 看到车窗开着的车,贪婪的小偷毫不犹豫。
仿写 I was scanning the restaurant, that was more convenient than others.我扫视着餐厅,等着坐到比其他桌子更方便的第一张桌子旁。
2.No matter how many crimes he committed, the police were powerless to arrest him. (no matter how引导状语从句)
翻译 不管他犯了多少次罪,警察都无力逮捕他。
仿写 ,I just can't get it across to her.不管我怎么解释,我都无法让她明白。
3.With nowhere else to make their homes, they have no choice but to move in with us.(with的复合结构)
翻译 由于无处安家,它们别无选择只能搬来和我们一起居住。
仿写 ,I can't go with you now.今天有那么多的工作要做,所以我现在不能跟你去。
答案 1.waiting to sit at the first table 2.No matter how I explain 3.With so much work to do today
【合作探究】
语篇研读
Step 1 先导入,拓展背景知识
Ⅰ.Read about the descriptions and match them to the photos.
1. 2.
3. 4.
A.A small animal from Africa or Asia that eats insects, and has a long nose, tongue and tail, and hard scales on its body.
B.A large number of them are killed by poachers(偷猎者) because their fur is very expensive. In the 1990s the Chinese government began to take an active part in protecting them in the Hoh Xil Nature Reserve—the huge national park on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
C.The animal whose habitat is in Sichuan, China, is the symbol of the World Wide Fund for Nature.
D.It lives in the forests of Southern China. Due to habitat loss caused by deforestation, and hunting by human poachers, it is considered to be a critically endangered species.
答案 1~4 BCDA
Ⅱ.Look at the title of the passage and the pictures in the textbook.Think about what the title means and what problems these animals could encounter in cities.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案 The title means the wild animals within the cities may have difficulties finding food, shelters and mates.If people find them, they may be trapped or killed.
Step 2 再精读,明确概要细节
Ⅰ.Read the passage on Pages 62-63 for the main idea.
The passage mainly tells us about .
A.living with wild animals
B.the protection of the habitats
C.the wild animals' moving into cities
D.the protection of wild animals
答案 C
Ⅱ.Read the passage on Pages 62-63 and choose the main idea of each paragraph.
( )1.Para.1 ( )2.Para.2
( )3.Para.3 ( )4.Para.4
( )5.Para.5 ( )6.Para.6
A.Benefits of cities for wild animals.
B.We should learn to better understand and appreciate wild animals.
C.More wild animals are entering cities.
D.Animals' adaption to cities.
E.Reasons for migration of wild animals.
F.Dangers for some animals.
答案 1~6 CEADFB
Ⅲ.Read the passage on Pages 62-63 again and choose the correct answers.
1.Why did the police feel powerless to arrest the criminal
A.The criminal was strong.
B.The criminal took a gun.
C.The criminal ran so fast.
D.The criminal was indeed a wild animal.
2.Why did the animals find towns and cities and settle
A.They could find food.
B.They had no place to go.
C.They could live with relatives.
D.They felt comfortable to stay with humans.
3.What can we know according to Paragraph 3
A.Our cities become greener and attract animals to live in.
B.The animals living in the cities can also meet their natural predators.
C.The newcomers are easy to be attacked by humans.
D.Hungry animals cannot find plenty to eat in our houses.
4.The fact that birds die from window impacts each year in the US shows that .
A.humans are threats to them
B.these birds have no food
C.these birds have yet to change their migratory routes
D.these birds want to attack humans
答案 1~4 DBAC
Step 3 后结构,分析语篇逻辑
Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks with proper words according to the passage on Pages 62-63.
答案 1.out of their natural habitats 2.With nowhere else to make their homes 3.many of their natural predators 4.the leftovers we throw away 5.intelligent than their wild cousins 6.to fit in with their new homes 7.window impacts 8.that take them through cities with high-rise buildings 9.harmoniously sharing our urban habitats
Ⅱ.长难句分析
1.However true this is, we also need to consider that some of these so-called “urban animals” have never moved at all—it's we humans who have moved into their territory.
善分析 本句是主从复合句。其中However true this is是However引导的(1) 从句;it's we humans who have moved into their territory是(2) 句型,被强调的部分是(3) 。
会翻译 (4)__________________________________________________________________
答案 (1)让步状语 (2)强调 (3)we humans
(4)不管这种认识有多少真实性,我们同样需要考虑到,这些所谓的“城市动物”中的一些根本没有迁移——是我们人类进入了它们的领地。
2.There is evidence that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins, as they frequently have to figure out difficult problems such as how to open rubbish bins and other containers which they would not find in the wild.
善分析 本句是主从复合句。There is evidence that...意为“有证据表明……”,that 引导(1) 从句;as they frequently have to...in the wild 是as 引导的(2) 从句,该从句也是主从复合句,其中which they would not find in the wild是which引导的(3) 从句,修饰rubbish bins and other containers。
会翻译 (4)
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案 (1)同位语 (2)原因状语 (3)定语
(4)有证据表明,城市浣熊比野生同类更聪明,因为它们不得不经常解决一些难题,例如如何打开垃圾箱和其他它们在野外找不到的容器。
新知探究
核心素养
开 普 敦
开普敦(Cape Town),南非第二大城市,南非立法首都,西开普省省会,开普敦都会城区的组成部分,南非国会及很多政府部门亦坐落于该市。
开普敦是欧裔白人在南非建立的第一座城市,这座南非白人心中的母城三百余年来数度易主,历经荷、英、德、法等欧洲诸国的统治及殖民,虽然地处非洲,但却充满多元欧洲殖民地文化色彩。开普敦集欧洲和非洲人文、自然景观特色于一身,因此名列世界最美丽的都市之一,也是南非最受欢迎的观光都市。
解析教材
The Wild Within
The crime took place in a seaside suburb of Cape Town. Spotting the car with its window left open, the greedy thief didn't hesitate. Within seconds, he had reached inside and run away with a bag of shopping.No matter how many crimes he committed(1), the police were powerless to arrest him. You see, this was no ordinary criminal:it was a chacma baboon. Once almost unheard of, scenes like this one in Cape Town are now common all over the world. With foxes in London, mountain lions in San Francisco and wild pigs in Hong Kong, it is almost as if our cities are being taken over by wild animals(2).
城市里的野生动物
犯罪活动发生在开普敦的一个海滨郊区。看到车窗开着的车,贪婪的小偷毫不犹豫。他瞬间把手伸进去,拿着一袋车主买的东西跑了。不管他犯了多少次罪,警察都无力逮捕他。你瞧,这不是普通的罪犯——罪犯是一只大狒狒。像在开普敦这样的场景现在在全世界都很常见,以前几乎闻所未闻。伦敦的狐狸、旧金山的美洲狮、香港的野猪,我们的城市好像正被野生动物占领。
【助读点拨】
(1)No matter how引导让步状语从句。
(2)as if引导表语从句,as if意为“似乎;好像”。
People often wonder about the reasons behind this mass urban migration. Most of us would assume that urban development and climate change are responsible for pushing the animals out of their natural habitats. However true this is, we also need to consider that some of these so-called “urban animals” have never moved at all—it's we humans who have moved into their territory(3). Wherever they go, animals find towns and cities in their way. With nowhere else to make their homes, they have no choice but to move in with us.
人们常常想知道这种大规模的城市迁移背后的原因。我们大多数人会认为城市发展和气候变化是这些动物离开自然栖息地的原因。不管这种认识有多少真实性,我们同样需要考虑到,这些所谓的“城市动物”中的一些根本没有迁移——是我们人类进入了它们的领地。无论动物走到哪里,它们都能在途中发现城镇和城市。由于无处安家,它们别无选择只能搬来和我们一起居住。
【助读点拨】
(3)本句为强调句型,强调主语we humans。
Yet, for its newest and wildest inhabitants, a city can offer many benefits. As our cities become greener, they offer increasingly appealing spaces to animals looking for new habitats(4). Out of reach from many of their natural predators, these newcomers often flourish in their new city lives. Today, foxes can be seen all over London—one even being found living on the 72nd floor of the Shard building when it was under construction! What's more, hungry animals are finding plenty to eat in our gardens and in the leftovers we throw away(5).
然而,对于最新最狂野的栖息动物来说,一座城市可以提供很多好处。随着我们的城市变得更加环保,它们为寻找新栖息地的动物提供了越来越有吸引力的空间。在许多天敌无法接近的地方,这些新来者常常在它们的新城市生活中茁壮成长。今天,在伦敦到处都可以看到狐狸,甚至有一只狐狸被发现生活在沙德大厦的72层,当时这座大厦正在建造中!更重要的是,饥饿的动物在我们的花园里和我们扔掉的剩菜里找到了足够的食物。
【助读点拨】
(4)动词-ing形式作后置定语,修饰名词animals。
(5)we throw away为定语从句,修饰名词leftovers,从句省略关系代词that/which。
One thing crucial to the increasing number of “urban animals” is their ability to adapt. There is evidence that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins(6),as they frequently have to figure out difficult problems such as how to open rubbish bins and other containers which they would not find in the wild(7). Some animals have even changed their living habits to fit in with their new homes. Although naturally active at night, urban foxes come out in daylight if the reward is good enough. Their city location also means that they are getting a taste for the multicultural cuisine on offer from the garbage, such as hamburgers, lamb kebabs and even garlic bread!
“城市动物”数量不断增加的一个关键因素是它们的适应能力。有证据表明,城市浣熊比野生的同类更聪明,因为它们不得不经常解决一些难题,例如如何打开垃圾箱和其他它们在野外找不到的容器。一些动物甚至改变了它们的生活习惯以适应它们的新家。虽然城市狐狸天生在晚上很活跃,但如果回报足够好的话,它们会在白天出来。它们的城市位置也意味着它们正在对垃圾中提供的多元文化的美食产生兴趣,比如汉堡、羊肉串,甚至蒜蓉面包!
【助读点拨】
(6)that引导同位语从句,作名词evidence的同位语。
(7)as引导原因状语从句;which引导定语从句,修饰other containers。
For those animals that don't adapt, the city can be a dangerous or even deadly place. Unable to distinguish between blue sky and glass, birds crash into windows at speeds of about 50 kilometres per hour. Recent studies estimate that between 400 million and 1 billion birds die from window impacts each year in the US alone. Shockingly, these deaths amount to around ten per cent of the total US bird population. Some species are more affected than others. One theory behind this is that these birds have yet to change their migratory routes that take them through cities with high-rise buildings.(8)
对于那些不适应的动物来说,城市可能是危险甚至致命的地方。由于无法区分蓝天和玻璃,鸟儿以大约每小时50千米的速度撞向窗户。最近的研究估计,仅在美国,每年就有4亿至10亿只鸟死于窗户撞击。令人震惊的是,这些撞死的鸟的数量约占美国鸟类总数的10%。一些物种比其他物种受到的影响更大。这背后的一个理论是:这些鸟类的迁徙路线让它们穿过这些有高楼大厦的城市,而它们还没有调整路线。
【助读点拨】
(8)第一个that引导表语从句;第二个that引导定语从句,修饰名词routes。
However they adapt to our ways of urban living, it's important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbours.Only then can we look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats.(9) Whatever the reasons behind these species entering our cities, one thing is for sure—as it's often a means of their survival, they could be with us to stay.
不管它们如何适应我们的城市生活方式,重要的是我们要更好地了解甚至学会赏识我们的野生动物邻居。只有这样,我们才能展望和谐地共享我们的城市栖息地。不管这些物种进入我们城市的原因是什么,有一点是肯定的:因为这通常是它们生存的一种手段,它们可以和我们待在一起。
【助读点拨】
(9)本句为“only+状语”置于句首引起的部分倒装句。
核 心 单 词
知识点1 greedy adj.贪婪的;贪心的;渴望的 *greedily adv.贪婪地; 贪吃地
(P62)Spotting the car with its window left open, the greedy thief didn't hesitate. 看到车窗开着的车,贪婪的小偷毫不犹豫。
知识拓展
be greedy for. . . 渴望得到……
be greedy to do sth 渴望做某事
It is/was greedy of sb to do sth. 做某事对于某人来讲真是贪婪。
经典佳句
Tom is greedy to do his homework to have a comfortable holiday. 汤姆为了有一个舒适的假期急着做家庭作业。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Tom is so greedy knowledge that he reads every book available.
(2)They are greedy (adjust) themselves to their new school.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)(2023·四川德阳中学月考)Out of the hospital, he took off his mask and . 他走出医院,摘下口罩, 贪婪地呼吸着新鲜的空气。
答案 (1)for (2)to adjust (3)breathed the fresh air greedily
知识点2 commit v.投入;犯罪;承诺;保证 *commitment n.承诺;保证;投入
(P62)No matter how many crimes he committed, the police were powerless to arrest him.不管他犯了多少次罪,警察都无力逮捕他。
知识拓展
commit suicide/a crime 自杀/犯罪
commit...to... 向……投入……
commit oneself to (doing) sth 承诺(做)某事;使自己致力于(做)某事
make a commitment to do sth 答应做某事
图解释义
The fox committed a crime and was sent to prison.狐狸犯了罪,并被抓进了监狱。
名师点拨
commit oneself to (doing) sth 中的to是介词, 后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)On balance,I think I would rather not commit myself to (go) with you.
(2)We made a (commit) to keep working together.
(3)The government committed to reducing taxes.
(4)A robbery (commit) near here last night.
Ⅱ.一句多译
(5)一旦你全心投入,你目标的实现就有了保证。
→The achievement of your goal is assured the moment you it.
→The achievement of your goal is assured the moment you it.
答案 (1)going (2)commitment (3)itself
(4)was committed (5)commit yourself to; are committed to
知识点3 appeal v.有感染力;呼吁;恳求;上诉;有吸引力 n.呼吁;恳求;吸引力;上诉 *appealing adj.有吸引力的;恳求的
(P62)As our cities become greener, they offer increasingly appealing spaces to animals looking for new habitats.随着我们的城市变得更加环保,它们为寻找新栖息地的动物提供了越来越有吸引力的空间。
知识拓展
appeal to sb for/to do... 向某人呼吁……/恳求某人做……
appeal to sb 吸引某人
make an appeal to sb 向某人提出呼吁
图解释义
The animal rights group launched an appeal to stop commercial whaling.动物权益保护组织呼吁停止商业捕鲸。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)The idea of a holiday abroad is certainly (appeal).
(2)We made an appeal the villagers money to build the bridge.
Ⅱ.同义句改写
(3)On the other hand,the idea attracted him.
→On the other hand,the idea him.(appeal v.)
(4)He appealed to other leaders to donate to the cause.
→He other leaders to donate to the cause.(appeal n.)
答案 (1)appealing (2)to; for (3)appealed to (4)made an appeal to
知识点4 crucial adj.至关重要的;关键性的
(P64)One thing crucial to the increasing number of “urban animals” is their ability to adapt. “城市动物”数量不断增加的一个关键因素是它们的适应能力。
知识拓展
be crucial to... 对……至关重要
a crucial factor/issue/decision 一个关键因素/问题/决定
It is crucial that... 重要的是……
图解释义
The doctor said that daily exercise is crucial to his recovery.医生说每天锻炼对他的康复非常关键。
融会应用 单句写作
(1)Keeping world markets relatively open is crucial .保持世界市场相对开放对数十亿人的希望至关重要。
(2) we make this problem clear.我们把这个问题弄明白是极其重要的。
(3) is to clear anything urgent before you go away.在你离开之前要做的一件重要的事情是要处理完任何紧要的事情。
答案 (1) to the hopes of billions of people
(2)It is crucial that (3)One crucial thing to do
知识点5 container n.容器;集装箱;货柜 *contain vt.包含;含有;容纳;克制;抑制(感情)
(P62)There is evidence that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins, as they frequently have to figure out difficult problems such as how to open rubbish bins and other containers which they would not find in the wild.有证据表明,城市浣熊比野生的同类更聪明,因为它们不得不经常解决一些难题,例如如何打开垃圾箱和其他它们在野外找不到的容器。
知识拓展
a plastic/metal container 一个塑料/金属容器
an airtight container 一个密封的容器
a container ship 集装箱船
contain oneself 克制自己
经典佳句
This new container is cleverly designed and easily made.这种新型的容器设计巧妙,制作简单。
融会应用 单句写作
(1)Food will last longer if kept in . 如果贮藏在密封的容器里,食物能保存比较久的时间。
(2)I was so furious I just couldn't . 我气愤极了,无法克制自己。
答案 (1)an airtight container (2)contain myself
知识点6 distinguish v.区分;辨别;分清;成为……的特征;使有别于 *distinguished adj.著名的;卓著的;高贵的
(P63)Unable to distinguish between blue sky and glass, birds crash into windows at speeds of about 50 kilometres per hour. 由于无法区分蓝天和玻璃,鸟儿以大约每小时50千米的速度撞向窗户。
知识拓展
distinguish...from.../distinguish between...and... 使……有别于……的特征;区别……和……
be distinguished for... 因……而出名
distinguish oneself 使著名
经典佳句
Years of experiences and his knowledge of the wilderness have made him feel at home in nature. He can distinguish different animals by their feces, and identify various plants.多年的经验和他对荒野的了解使他在大自然中感到十分自在。他可以通过粪便来区分不同的动物,也可以辨别不同的植物。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1) (distinguish) guests and friends,welcome to our school.
(2)It's important to distinguish right wrong.
(3)The Chinese nation is distinguished its diligence and courage.
Ⅱ.同义句改写
(4)He was distinguished for his knowledge of economics and was elected as head of the economic school.
→ ,he was elected as head of the economic school.(动词-ed形式作状语)
答案 (1)Distinguished (2)from (3)for
(4)Distinguished for his knowledge of economics
知识点7 estimate v.估计;估算 n.(对数量、成本等的)估计;估价 *estimation n. (对水平、数量等的)估计;判断;评价
(P63)Recent studies estimate that between 400 million and 1 billion birds die from window impacts each year in the US alone.最近的研究估计,仅在美国,每年就有4亿至10亿只鸟死于窗户撞击。
知识拓展
estimate sth at ... 估算某物的价格为……;估计某事的数为……
It is estimated that ... 据估计……
经典佳句
It's estimated that 20% of the Amazon, the world's biggest rainforest, has been cleared, mainly as a result of logging and farming. 据估计, 亚马孙热带雨林——世界上最大的热带雨林,其20%已经被夷为平地, 这主要是由伐木业和农业造成的。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)The firm estimated the cost of the new house $10,000.
(2)At present aircraft emissions are estimated (account) for about 2% of the total world CO2 emissions.
(3)According to rough (estimate), the beautiful vase is worth over a million yuan.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4) the building will be completed in ten months.据估计,大楼十个月内可以完工。
(5)(2023·山东历城二中月考)Teachers often tell us that one must and never underestimate his potential, nor overestimate his strength. 老师们经常告诉我们, 一个人必须对自己有一个正确的认识, 永远不要低估了自己的潜力, 也不要高估了自己的实力。
答案 (1)at (2)to account (3)estimation (4)It is estimated that (5)have a correct estimate of himself
知识点8 appreciate v.欣赏;赏识;感激;感谢;理解;意识到 *appreciation n. 欣赏;感激
(P63)However they adapt to our ways of urban living, it's important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbours. 不管它们如何适应我们的城市生活方式,重要的是我们要更好地了解甚至学会赏识我们的野生动物邻居。
知识拓展
appreciate doing... 感激做……
I would appreciate it if... 假如……我将不胜感激
in appreciation of 因感激……
图解释义
The teachers appreciated the boy's bravery.老师们欣赏这个男孩的勇敢。
名师点拨
(1)appreciate后接动词-ing形式。
(2)其后只能接“事”作宾语,而不能接“人”作宾语。
(3)其后不直接跟if或when等引导的从句,须先接it,再接从句。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)I don't appreciate (treat) like a second-class citizen.
(2)He expressed his (appreciate) for what she had done.
(3)I'd appreciate if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
(4)He is given a rise in appreciation his excellent work.
Ⅱ.同义句改写
(5)I would be grateful to you for turning off the lights.(用appreciate改写)
→ if you would turn off the lights.
答案 (1)being treated (2)appreciation (3)it
(4)of (5)I'd appreciate it
知识点9 restrict vt.限制;妨碍;约束 *restricted adj. 有限的;受限制的;受控制的;受约束的 *restriction n.限制;拘束
(P64)Some environmentalists argue that we should restrict urban development to leave enough natural habitats for wild animals.一些环保主义者认为,我们应该限制城市发展,为野生动物留下足够的自然栖息地。
知识拓展
restrict sb to ... 限定某人(仅拥有某物等)
restrict sth to... 限定某事(尤指活动)于(某地、某时、某一类人)
be restricted to 限制(在某范围)
restrict...from doing... 禁止……做……
图解释义
This sign means that all vehicles are restricted from entering.这个标志意味着所有机动车都禁止驶入。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)We should restrict the number of students per class 20 to guarantee the teaching quality.
(2)The use of this kind of drug (restrict) in many countries.
(3)There is no (restrict) on the number of people, so you can come to attend the meeting if you like.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(4)The speed 20 kilometers an hour in this area.在这个区域,车速被限制为每小时20千米。
答案 (1)to (2)is restricted (3)restriction (4)is restricted to
短 语 句 式
知识点10 under construction 在建设之中
(P62)Today, foxes can be seen all over London—one even being found living on the 72nd floor of the Shard building when it was under construction!今天, 在伦敦到处都可以看到狐狸, 甚至有一只狐狸被发现生活在沙德大厦的72层, 当时这座大厦正在建造中!
知识拓展
“under+n.”表示被动意义
under consideration 在考虑中
under discussion 在讨论中
under repair 在修理中
under control 处于控制之下
under debate 在争论中
under the umbrella of... 在……的保护下;在……的管理下
经典佳句
There's a big sports centre under construction, which will be very impressive when it's finished.有一个大型体育中心正在建设,建完后将非常引人注目。
融会应用 单句写作
(1)The old buildings which were damaged are still .那些被损坏的古建筑仍在修缮之中。
(2)We tried hard to get the fire .我们努力控制火势。
(3)Your proposals are still .你的建议仍在考虑之中。
答案 (1) under repair (2) under control (3)under consideration
知识点11 figure out 理解;明白;算出;解决
(P62)There is evidence that urban racoons are more intelligent than their wild cousins, as they frequently have to figure out difficult problems such as how to open rubbish bins and other containers which they would not find in the wild.有证据表明,城市浣熊比野生的同类更聪明,因为它们不得不经常解决一些难题,例如如何打开垃圾箱和其他它们在野外找不到的容器。
知识拓展
figure on 期待;指望;打算
figure skating 花样滑冰
a leading/public figure 一个主要/公众人物
经典佳句
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist, fur probably didn't cross your mind.当你想该为环保主义者买些什么时,你可能不会想到毛皮。
融会应用
Ⅰ.写出下列句子中figure的含义
(1)She reported the latest trade figures to her manager.
(2)Mary was born with a slim figure.
(3)She is a public figure.
(4)A figure in a blue dress appeared in the doorway.
Ⅱ.翻译句子
(5)我不理解他为什么辞掉工作。
_______________________________________________________________________________
(6)你计算出假期将花多少钱了吗
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案 (1)数字 (2)身材 (3)人物 (4)身影
(5)I can't figure out why he quit his job.
(6)Have you figured out how much the holiday will cost
知识点12 fit in with 与……相适应;符合;与……一致
(P62)Some animals have even changed their living habits to fit in with their new homes.一些动物甚至改变了它们的生活习惯以适应它们的新家。
知识拓展
fit sb/sth 适合某人/某物
be fit for 适合
keep fit 保持健康
经典佳句
He's never done this type of work before; I'm not sure how he'll fit in with the other people. 他过去从未干过这种工作,我不确定他将如何与其他人配合得好。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)Neither you nor I am fit the work.
(2)I'd like to join an aerobics class to improve my (fit).
答案 (1)for (2)fitness
知识点13 动词-ing形式作状语
(P62)Spotting the car with its window left open, the greedy thief didn't hesitate. 看到车窗开着的车,贪婪的小偷毫不犹豫。
知识拓展
句中的Spotting the car with its window left open为动词-ing形式作状语。
1.动词-ing形式作状语时, 要根据其发生时间的先后来确定是用动词-ing形式的一般式(doing)还是完成式(having done)。
(1)当动词-ing形式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时, 用一般式。
Walking in the street, I met an old friend of mine. 我走在大街上时, 遇到了一位老朋友。(Walking和谓语动词met同时发生)
(2)当动词-ing形式的动作先发生, 而谓语动词的动作后发生时, 用完成式。
Having finished the letter, he went to post it. 他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(Having finished是先发生的, went to post是后发生的)
2.动词-ing形式的语态
使用动词-ing形式的主动式还是被动式, 主要取决于动词-ing形式和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是动词-ing形式的逻辑主语。
(1)Having finished his homework, he went to bed.完成了作业后, 他就上床睡觉了。(动词-ing形式的主动式)
(2)Having been shown around the factory, they were very happy.被领着参观了工厂后, 他们很高兴。(动词-ing形式的被动式)
3.动词-ing形式的否定式:not+动词-ing形式;not having+动词-ed形式
(1)Not knowing this, he didn't come. 他不知道这件事, 所以没来。
(2)Not having made full preparations, we put off the sports meeting. 因为没有做好充分的准备, 我们把运动会延期了。
4.独立成分作状语
有些动词-ing形式作状语在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在, 其形式的选择不受上下文的影响, 表明说话者的态度、观点等, 被称为评论性状语。常见的有:generally speaking一般说来;strictly speaking严格说来;judging from/by根据……来判断
Generally speaking, as a foreign language, Chinese is more difficult to learn than English. 一般说来, 作为一门外语, 汉语要比英语更难学。
融会应用 单句写作
(1)Our math teacher gave us a further explanation, .我们的数学老师给我们进一步解释了一下,使它解决起来更容易。
(2) , the resources in the world are very limited.坦白地说,世界上的资源是很有限的。
答案 (1)making it easier to work out (2)Frankly speaking
知识点14 “only+状语”置于句首引起部分倒装
(P63)Only then can we look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats.只有这样,我们才能展望和谐地共享我们的城市栖息地。
知识拓展
句中Only修饰时间状语then,置于句首,句子用部分倒装,把情态动词can提前。
only后接作状语的副词、介词短语或从句等时,主句用倒装结构。如果only后跟的是主语,就不用倒装结构。
Only in this way can we learn English well.只有这样我们才能学好英语。
Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get back to work.直到1918年战争结束时,他才能重新开始工作。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)Only after a bitter struggle (be) the aim achieved.
(2)The boy (help) out only when his father arrived in a hurry.
(3)Only the teachers (allow) to use the room.
答案 (1)was (2)was helped (3)are allowed
【随堂检测】
夯实基础
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.The new law (restrict) the sale of this medicine.
2.It is so (greed) of you to leave none of the cake for everyone else.
3. (adapt) to school life quickly is important for freshmen, which will influence their performances.
4.We've tried to make the design of racing bicycles more (appeal) to young people.
5.Now we seldom carry cash, so the (thief) are having a hard time.
6.As a student, do you think that it is worthwhile to spend great amount of time on computer games
7.Some animals can adapt to the urban and (suburb) environments quite well.
8.It is (estimate) that up to 100,000 people watch or take part in fox hunting.
9.It didn't take the children a long time (figure) out the correct answer.
10.When his friend was in trouble, he lent him a hand without (hesitate).
答案 1.restricts 2.greedy 3.Adapting
4.appealing 5.thieves 6.a 7.suburban 8.estimated 9.to figure 10.hesitation
Ⅱ. 选词填空
throw away; adapt to; crash into; be responsible for; out of reach; take over; under construction; for sure; fit in with; get a taste for
1.Cooking, traditionally undertaken by mothers, has been often by fathers nowadays.
2.The building is a public library.
3.Even to this day we don't know what happened .
4.I've got boxes of old clothes, which I really should .
5.Learning to relieve stress is a necessary means to modern society.
6.A truck went out of control, and the back of the bus.
7.Most people who come from other countries seem to the way of life here.
8.The cyclist, rather than the bus driver, should the accident.
9.If you go to New Orleans, you will jazz.
10.These products are normally bought and stored carefully of children.
答案 1.taken over 2.under construction
3.for sure 4.throw away 5.adapt to 6.crashed into 7.fit in with 8.be responsible for 9.get a taste for 10.out of reach
Ⅲ.概要写作微技能——确定段落主旨句
1.阅读课文中的段落主旨句
People often wonder about the reasons behind this mass urban migration.
Yet, for its newest and wildest inhabitants, a city can offer many benefits.
One thing crucial to the increasing number of “urban animals” is their ability to adapt.
2.判断下列语句哪个不是段落主旨句
A.For those animals that don't adapt,the city can be a dangerous or even deadly place.
B.The crime took place in a seaside suburb of Cape Town.
C.However they adapt to our ways of urban living,it's important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbours.
答案 B
衔接高考
单句填空
1.(2023·四省适应性考试)Knowing the route is vital to conservation efforts, but James had no way to figure it until he got a phone call from Washington State Penitentiary in Walla Walla.
2.(2022·浙江1月)However, he seemed to have adapted my nerdiness and took on more tasks, which should have fallen in my range of responsibility.
3.(2021·浙江1月)As he writes in his new book,A Long Way Home, Brierley couldn't help but wonder his hometown back in India.
4.(2020·全国Ⅱ)One group was responsible picking fruits, while the other packed up the fruits.
5.(2023·四省适应性考试)More research taught us how much to feed him, how (estimate) his age, how and when to wean(断奶) him, and that we should let him go as soon as he could survive on his own.
答案 1.out 2.to 3.about 4.for 5.to estimate
2
