Unit 5 Section Ⅱ Using language
【学习目标】
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重点词汇的基本用法。(语言能力)
2.通过对教材课文的阅读,在课文的具体情境中理解和掌握过去完成时的用法。(语言能力)
3.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化过去完成时的用法,并学以致用。(学习能力)
【合作探究】
新知探究
核 心 单 词
知识点1 characteristic n.特征;特性 adj.典型的;独特的;特有的 *character n.性格;品质;特征;特性;(小说、戏剧中的)人物;角色;(汉)字;字体
(P53)Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control.格雷戈尔·孟德尔选择研究豌豆是因为它们的特性易于控制。
知识拓展
It is characteristic of sb to do sth做某事是某人的特点
character traits/defects性格特点/弱点
leading character主角
in character符合某人的性格
out of character不符合某人的性格
经典佳句
One may only have a character, but may have many characteristics, all of which build one's character.一个人可能只有一种性格,但可能有多种特点,所有这些特点便塑造成了一个人的品质。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)It's (character) of her to complain when in trouble.
(2)His words are entirely character with his actions.
答案 (1)characteristic (2)in
知识点2 blame v.把……归咎于;责怪;指责 n.过失;责任;责备;指责
(P53)The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed on humans.平塔岛龟的灭绝归咎于人类。
知识拓展
blame sb for sth因某事责备某人
blame sth on sb把某事归咎于某人
sb be to blame (for sth)某人(对某事)应负责任;某人理应受到责备
take the blame承担责任
经典佳句
He was blamed for the accident, but he blamed it on others.In fact, it is he, not others, that is to blame for it.他因这起事故受到了责备,但他把此次事故归咎于别人。事实上,该为此承担责任的人正是他自己,而不是别人。
易混辨析
blame、charge和accuse的用法区别:
blame“责备;把……归咎于;指责”,常用结构:blame sb for sth“因某事责备某人”;blame sth on sb“把某事归咎于某人”。
charge“控告;谴责”,常用结构:charge sb with (doing) sth“指控某人(做了)某事”。
accuse“控告;指控;指责;谴责”,常用结构:accuse sb of (doing) sth“指控某人(做了)某事”。
融会应用
Ⅰ.用blame、charge、accuse的正确形式填空
(1)It is obvious that you are to for the accident.
(2)She was said to have been with drunk driving.
(3)I was told that he was of murder.
Ⅱ.一句多译
(4)他把失败归咎于我。
→He blamed the failure .
→He blamed me .
答案 (1)blame (2)charged (3)accused (4)on me;for the failure
知识点3 decline v.拒绝;减少;下降 n.减少;下降;衰落;衰退
(P53)After goats in particular had been brought to the island, the Pinta Island tortoise population declined.特别是山羊被带到岛上后,平塔岛龟的数量下降了。
知识拓展
decline (from...) to...(从……)下降/减少到……
decline by下降/减少了……
decline doing/to do sth婉言拒绝做某事
fall into (a) decline开始衰落;走下坡路
a decline in在某方面减少/下降
in decline 在下降;在衰退中
on the decline 在衰退中
经典佳句
An increase in cars has resulted in the decline of public transport.汽车的增加导致了公共交通的减少。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)There has been a steady decline public services over recent years.
(2)Thankfully,this is a disease that is now the decline.
答案 (1)in (2)on
短 语 句 式
知识点4 be native to 源于……的;原产于……
(P55)The Giant Tortoise Reserve on Santa Cruz is home to several species of giant tortoise that are native to the Galápagos Islands. 圣克鲁斯岛的巨型乌龟保护区是几种原产于加拉帕戈斯群岛的巨型乌龟的家园。
知识拓展
a native of...出生于……的人;生长于……的动物或植物
native land 故乡
native country 祖国
经典佳句
Tobacco is native to America. 烟草原产于美洲。
名师点拨
be+形容词+to(介词)
be similar to与……相似
be friendly/kind to对……友好
be familiar to sb 为某人所熟知
be equal to能胜任;能应付
融会应用 写出下列句子中native的含义
(1)It is a long time since he has visited his native Chile.
(2)You can always tell the differences between the tourists and the natives.
(3)The ability to swim is native to fish.
答案 (1)出生地的 (2)当地人;本地人 (3)天生的
语法探究
过去完成时
自主探究
阅读下列句子,并注意黑体部分的用法。
1.What's more,he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that...
2.After Darwin had spent some time in South America,his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected.
3.At that time,people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time...
4.It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island.
我的发现
以上句子中谓语动词时态均为 ,形式为“ ”。
答案 过去完成时;had done
探究点1 过去完成时的构成
过去完成时是由“had+过去分词”构成的。
Soon I realized I had made a serious mistake.我很快就意识到自己犯了一个严重的错误。
The man sitting beside me on the plane was very nervous. He had not flown before.飞机上坐在我旁边的男士很紧张。他之前从未乘坐过飞机。
探究点2 过去完成时的用法
1.“已完成”的用法:
表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成。句中常用by等介词短语或before、until、when、then等引导的时间状语从句。
By 5:00 yesterday morning we had done that work.到昨天早上5点,我们已经做完了那份工作。
He had just finished sweeping the classroom when the teacher returned from the office.老师从办公室回来时,他刚把教室打扫完。
名师点拨
在包含before和after的复合句中,因为从句动作和主句动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,所以可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
The train (had) started before I reached the station.在我到达车站之前,列车已经开了。
After he (had) arrived in England,Marx worked hard to improve his English.马克思到达英格兰之后,努力提高他的英语水平。
2.“未完成”的用法:
表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时刻之前就已开始,一直持续到这个时刻,还可能一直持续下去。
Up to that time all had gone well.直到那时一切都很顺利。
John and Jane had known each other for a long time before their marriage.约翰和简在结婚前就认识很长时间了。
3.“想象性”的用法
过去完成时有时表示一种未实现的愿望或想法,主要用在if引导的和过去事实相反的条件句以及wish、as if引导的从句中。
If she had worked hard,she would have succeeded.要是她努力的话,她就会成功了。(事实上她没努力,也没获得成功。)
I wish I had gone with you to the concert.我要是和你一起去音乐会就好了。
探究点3 过去完成时的常用句式
过去完成时常用在“hardly/scarcely...when”“no sooner...than”“This/That/It was the +序数词+ time + that...”等的结构中。
Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down.
=No sooner had I got home than the rain poured down.我刚到家,雨就倾盆而下了。
【随堂检测】
夯实基础
单句填空
1.—Did you have difficulty finding Ann's house
—Not really. She (give) us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.
2.Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I (leave) my book in the cafe.
3.I found the lecture hard to follow because it (start) when I arrived.
4.The twins, who (finish) their homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground.
5.During his stay in Xi'an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends (recommend).
6.They weren't surprised at all. they (hear) the news earlier
7.The hotel wasn't particularly good. But I (stay) in many worse hotels.
8.—Would you please turn down the TV It's too noisy.
—OK, a little down. But you (try) to sleep
9.I (live) in London for many years, but I've never regretted my final decision to move back to China.
答案 1.had given 2.had left 3.had started
4.had finished 5.had recommended 6.Had;heard
7.had stayed 8.were;trying 9.lived
2(共23张PPT)
Unit 5 Revealing nature
Section Ⅱ Using language
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重点词汇的基本用法。（语言能力）
2.通过对教材课文的阅读,在课文的具体情境中理解和掌握过去完成时的用法。（语言能力）
3.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化过去完成时的用法,并学以致用。（学习能力）
核心单词
知识点1 characteristic n.特征；特性 adj.典型的；独特的；特有的＊character n.性格；品质；特征；特性；（小说、戏剧中的）人物；角色；（汉）字；字体
（P53）Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control.格雷戈尔·孟德尔选择研究豌豆是因为它们的特性易于控制。
知识拓展
It is characteristic of sb to do sth做某事是某人的特点
character traits/defects性格特点/弱点
leading character主角
in character符合某人的性格
out of character不符合某人的性格
经典佳句
One may only have a character, but may have many characteristics, all of which build one's character.一个人可能只有一种性格，但可能有多种特点，所有这些特点便塑造成了一个人的品质。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）It's ____________ （character） of her to complain when in trouble.
characteristic
（2）His words are entirely ___ character with his actions.
in
知识点2 blame v.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n.过失；责任；责备；指责
（P53）The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed on humans.平塔岛龟的灭绝归咎于人类。
知识拓展
blame sb for sth因某事责备某人
blame sth on sb把某事归咎于某人
sb be to blame （for sth）某人（对某事）应负责任；某人理应受到责备
take the blame承担责任
经典佳句
He was blamed for the accident, but he blamed it on others. In fact, it is he, not others, that is to blame for it.他因这起事故受到了责备，但他把此次事故归咎于别人。事实上，该为此承担责任的人正是他自己，而不是别人。
易混辨析
blame、charge和accuse的用法区别：
blame“责备；把……归咎于；指责”，常用结构：blame sb for sth“因某事责备某人”；blame sth on sb“把某事归咎于某人”。
charge“控告；谴责”，常用结构：charge sb with （doing） sth“指控某人（做了）某事”。
accuse“控告；指控；指责；谴责”，常用结构：accuse sb of （doing） sth“指控某人（做了）某事”。
融会应用
Ⅰ.用blame、charge、accuse的正确形式填空
（1）It is obvious that you are to _______ for the accident.
blame
（2）She was said to have been ________ with drunk driving.
charged
（3）I was told that he was ________ of murder.
accused
Ⅱ.一句多译
（4）他把失败归咎于我。
→He blamed the failure _______.
→He blamed me ______________.
on me
for the failure
知识点3 decline v.拒绝；减少；下降 n.减少；下降；衰落；衰退
（P53）After goats in particular had been brought to the island, the Pinta Island tortoise population declined.特别是山羊被带到岛上后，平塔岛龟的数量下降了。
知识拓展
decline （from...） to...（从……）下降/减少到……
decline by下降/减少了……
decline doing/to do sth婉言拒绝做某事
fall into （a） decline开始衰落；走下坡路
a decline in在某方面减少/下降
in decline 在下降；在衰退中
on the decline 在衰退中
经典佳句
An increase in cars has resulted in the decline of public transport.汽车的增加导致了公共交通的减少。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）There has been a steady decline ___ public services over recent years.
in
（2）Thankfully，this is a disease that is now ____ the decline.
on
短语句式
知识点4 be native to 源于……的；原产于……
（P55）The Giant Tortoise Reserve on Santa Cruz is home to several species of giant tortoise that are native to the Galápagos Islands. 圣克鲁斯岛的巨型乌龟保护区是几种原产于加拉帕戈斯群岛的巨型乌龟的家园。
知识拓展
a native of...出生于……的人；生长于……的动物或植物
native land 故乡
native country 祖国
经典佳句
Tobacco is native to America. 烟草原产于美洲。
名师点拨
be+形容词+to（介词）
be similar to与……相似
be friendly/kind to对……友好
be familiar to sb 为某人所熟知
be equal to能胜任；能应付
融会应用 写出下列句子中native的含义
（1）It is a long time since he has visited his native Chile. __________
出生地的
（2）You can always tell the differences between the tourists and the natives.
________________
当地人；本地人
（3）The ability to swim is native to fish. ________
天生的
过去完成时
自主探究
阅读下列句子，并注意黑体部分的用法。
1.What's more，he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that...
2.After Darwin had spent some time in South America，his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected.
3.At that time，people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time...
4.It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island.
我的发现
以上句子中谓语动词时态均为____________，形式为“_________”。
过去完成时
had done
探究点1 过去完成时的构成
过去完成时是由“had+过去分词”构成的。
Soon I realized I had made a serious mistake.我很快就意识到自己犯了一个严重的错误。
The man sitting beside me on the plane was very nervous. He had not flown before.飞机上坐在我旁边的男士很紧张。他之前从未乘坐过飞机。
探究点2 过去完成时的用法
1.“已完成”的用法：
表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成。句中常用by等介词短语或before、until、when、then等引导的时间状语从句。
By 5：00 yesterday morning we had done that work.到昨天早上5点，我们已经做完了那份工作。
He had just finished sweeping the classroom when the teacher returned from the office.老师从办公室回来时，他刚把教室打扫完。
名师点拨
在包含before和after的复合句中，因为从句动作和主句动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，所以可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
The train （had） started before I reached the station.在我到达车站之前，列车已经开了。
After he （had） arrived in England，Marx worked hard to improve his English.马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。
2.“未完成”的用法：
表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时刻之前就已开始，一直持续到这个时刻，还可能一直持续下去。
Up to that time all had gone well.直到那时一切都很顺利。
John and Jane had known each other for a long time before their marriage.约翰和简在结婚前就认识很长时间了。
3.“想象性”的用法
过去完成时有时表示一种未实现的愿望或想法，主要用在if引导的和过去事实相反的条件句以及wish、as if引导的从句中。
If she had worked hard，she would have succeeded.要是她努力的话，她就会成功了。（事实上她没努力，也没获得成功。）
I wish I had gone with you to the concert.我要是和你一起去音乐会就好了。
探究点3 过去完成时的常用句式
过去完成时常用在“hardly/scarcely...when”“no sooner...than”“This/That/It was the +序数词+ time + that...”等的结构中。
Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down.
=No sooner had I got home than the rain poured down.我刚到家,雨就倾盆而下了。
单句填空
1.—Did you have difficulty finding Ann's house
—Not really. She __________（give） us clear directions and we were able to find it
easily.
had given
2.Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I ________（leave） my book in the
cafe.
had left
3.I found the lecture hard to follow because it ___________（start） when I arrived.
had started
4.The twins, who ____________（finish） their homework, were allowed to play
badminton on the playground.
had finished
5.During his stay in Xi'an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends
_________________（recommend）.
had recommended
6.They weren't surprised at all. _____ they ______（hear） the news earlier
Had
heard
7.The hotel wasn't particularly good. But I ___________ （stay） in many worse
hotels.
had stayed
8.—Would you please turn down the TV It's too noisy.
—OK, a little down. But ______ you ______（try） to sleep
were
trying
9.I ______（live） in London for many years, but I've never regretted my final
decision to move back to China.
lived
