人教版（2019）必修第一册Unit 3 Sports and Fitness 现在完成时被动语态课件(共23张PPT)

(共23张PPT)
Unit 3 The Internet
Discovering Useful Structures
现在完成时的被动语态
The present perfect passive voice
现在完成时结构
现在完成时概念
现在完成时
have/has+done
动词过去分词
被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态
表示 开始，一直持续到 的动作。
过去
现在
现在完成时概念1
past
future
now
for “持续”+段时间，如three years, a long time…
e.g. I have known you for a long time.
since“自从”+过去的时间点/动作
e.g. I have not seen him since we met last week.
A
B
时间状语
延续性动词
2 表示 发生的或 的动作对 造成的 。
过去
已完成
现在
影响或结果
现在完成时概念2
past
future
now
China's high-speed railways(高铁) have grown from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometres in the past few years. It's convenient for people to travel over long distances.
So far, the little boy has learnt 200 words. He can understand this story
例句
2 表示 发生的或 的动作对 造成的 。
过去
已完成
现在
影响或结果
already 已经(肯定句) yet 已经（否定句或者疑问句）
recently/lately 最近 since then 从那时起
ever since 自那以来 ever 曾经
so far 迄今为止 for a long time 很长一段时间
by now 到现在为止 in recent years 在最近几年里
in/during/over the past/last years在过去的几年里
现在完成时概念2
时间状语
past
future
now
现在完成时结构
现在完成时概念
现在完成时
have/has+done
动词过去分词
被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态
be done
现在完成时 + 被动语态 = ？
Mr Zhang has prepared the meat and vegetables.
The meat and vegetables have been prepared by Mr Zhang.
Read and pay attention to the words in red
The Internet has changed our life.
Our life has been changed by the Internet.
What can you find
现在完成时的被动语态
The meat and vegetables have been prepared by Mr Zhang.
Our life has been changed by the Internet.
1.Jan's life has been greatly improved by the Internet.
2.Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web.
3.Has the Wi-Fi password been confirmed by you
4.The link has not been removed from the clothes. ...
What can you find
has
been
done
肯定
has
been
done
疑问
has
not
been
done
否定
Who has been told
haven't been told
Have the children been told
三、现在完成时的被动语态的用法
1．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并有可能持续下去。
常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long...？句型中。
The machine has been tested for two hours.
这台机器已经测试了两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修)
2．表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。
通常与already，yet，never，recently等副词及时间状语so far，by now，up till now，before...等连用。
The project has already been finished.
工程已完成了。(结果是现在不用做这项工作了)
The doctor hasn't been sent for yet.
还没有派人去请医生。(现在应派人去请医生)
has been changed
have been produced
四、使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意以下几点
1．与一般过去时的被动语态的区别
一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。
The museum was opened to the public last year.
去年这家博物馆向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去)
The museum has been opened to the public.
这家博物馆已向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去，但对现在有影响，即现在公园已经开放了)
2．非延续性动词
如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。
The experiment was finished two weeks ago.
这项实验在两周前已经完成。
The experiment has been finished.
这项实验已经完成。
3．动词短语
动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持完整性，动词短语中的介词或副词不可省略。
It is said that the case has been looked into.
据说已经调查了这个案件。
This book has been translated into many languages.　
这本书已被译为多国语言。
His bikes have been sold out.
他的自行车已都卖完了。
Someone has looked into the case
Someone has translated this book into many languages.
Someone has sold out his bikes.
4．带有复合宾语的动词
变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。注意：原来作宾补的省略to的不定式在被动语态中要用带to的不定式。
I have told them to help you.
→They have been told to help you.
The manager has never made the employees work day and night. make sb.do
→The employees have never been made to work day and night. be made to do
5．带有双宾语的动词
give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，pay，lend，pass，promise
①将间接宾语（人）直接变为被动语态的主语;
②将直接宾语（物）变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语（人）前面要用相应的介词。
She has sent me an e-mail. (send sb. sth. / send sth. to sb.)
→I have been sent an e-mail.
→An e-mail has been sent to me.
had been sold out
have been added to
has been regarded as
Practice
sell-sold-sold
Some difficult questions have been asked by them.
Millions of pounds' worth of damage has been caused by the
storm.
Step 3. Practice
I have been given two tickets for the new play.
He has been made to work hard.
The flowers haven't been watered for several days.