Unit 3 Section Ⅱ Using language
【学习目标】
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要词汇的基本用法。(语言能力)
2.通过对教材课文的阅读,在课文的具体情境中理解和掌握现在完成时的被动语态的用法。(语言能力)
3.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化现在完成时的被动语态的用法,并学以致用。(学习能力)
【合作探究】
新知探究
核 心 单 词
知识点1 beyond prep.无法……;超过; 除/超出……之外 adv.在……之后;在另一边
(P29)Within the next 80 years, our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing. 在接下来的80年里, 我们的生活可能被3D打印完全改变。
知识拓展
beyond belief 难以置信
beyond control=out of control 不受约束;难以控制
beyond description 无法描述
beyond one's power 超出某人权限
beyond one's reach=out of one's reach 某人够不到
beyond words 无法用语言表达
be beyond sb 某人无法想象(或理解、做等)
经典佳句
Put the medicine beyond children's reach. 把药放到孩子够不到的地方。
It's beyond me why she wants to marry Jeff. 我无法理解她为什么要嫁给杰夫。
融会应用 单句写作
(1) was the border territory. 山的那一边是边境地带。
(2)Sweden is lovely in summer—cold in winter. 瑞典的夏天非常宜人——冬天却冷得让人难以置信。
(3)The price of the flat is well ,so we have to rent one. 这套公寓的价格远远超出了我们能承受的范围,所以我们不得不租一套公寓。
答案 (1)Beyond the mountains (2)beyond belief
(3)beyond/out of our range
知识点2 significant adj.重要的;影响深远的 *significance n.意义;意思;重要性;含义
(P29)But perhaps the most significant success that people have achieved to date is in medicine.但也许迄今为止人们取得的最重大的成功是在医学上的。
知识拓展
be of (great/no/little) significance to/for... 对……(很/不/几乎不)重要
attach (great) significance to... 认为……(很)重要
经典佳句
The most significant thing you should keep in mind is that most of the questions are easy if you make use of correct methods.你应该牢记的最重要的一点是,如果你使用正确方法的话,大部分问题是容易的。
Your work has shown a significant improvement.你的工作有了很大的进步。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)In my view,practicing handwriting is of great (significant) to the students' growth.
(2)Only then did he realize the (significant) of protecting wild animals.
Ⅱ.词汇升级
(3)With time going by, people think education is very important.
→With time going by, people education.
答案 (1)significance (2)significance (3)attach great significance to
知识点3 injure v.损害;使受伤;弄伤 *injured adj. 受伤的 *injury n. 伤害;损伤
(P29)And it is not just humans who are benefiting—in Brazil, people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire! 而且受益的不仅仅是人类——在巴西,人们给了一只在森林大火中受伤的海龟一个新的3D打印外壳!
知识拓展
the injured 伤者
do sb an injury 伤害某人
图解释义
The injured were rushed to the hospital in an ambulance.救护车把伤者火速送往医院。
易混辨析
hurt、 injure和 wound的用法区别:
hurt 是普通用语,既可指肉体上的伤害,也可指精神上、感情上的伤害。
injure比hurt 正式,hurt 多指伤痛,而 injure 则指损害健康、成就、容貌等,强调功能的损失。
wound主要指刀伤、枪伤,多指在战斗中受伤。
名师点拨
“the+形容词”表示一类人或事物,the injured表示“受伤的人;伤者”。
The number of the injured amounted to over 100.受伤人数总计一百多。
融会应用 用injure、hurt、wound的适当形式填空
(1)Mummy!The shoes are too small!My feet .
(2)The war ended, but the were a big problem.
(3)If you go on at that rate, you will your health.
(4)That will her feelings.
答案 (1)hurt (2)wounded (3)injure (4)hurt
知识点4 minor adj.次要的;小的n.未成年人 *minority n.少数;少数民族
(P30)A mountain on the Moon and a minor planet are named after him. 月球上的一座山和一个小行星都是以他的名字命名的。
知识拓展
minor injuries 轻伤
in the minority 占少数
in the majority 占多数
the/a minority of 少数的……
the/a majority of 大多数的……
经典佳句
There are some very minor changes in words and punctuation. 在单词与标点符号方面有一些非常细微的变化。
Children with single parents at my school were very much in the minority. 在我的学校里单亲孩子只占极少数。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)British households who do not have a car are only in the (minor).
(2)Write an article about two ethnic (minority).
(3)The (major) of my patients come to me from out of town.
答案 (1)minority (2)minorities (3)majority
知识点5 cure n.药剂;疗法vt.治愈;治疗;改掉(坏习惯)
(P31)Currently,there's no cure for Alzheimer's,but scientists are researching ways to improve the quality of life for people living with the disease.目前,阿尔茨海默病还没有治愈的方法,但是科学家们正在研究改善阿尔茨海默病患者生活质量的方法。
知识拓展
a cure for sth 治疗……的方法
beyond cure 不可救药
cure sb of sth 治愈某人的疾病;改正某人的不良行为
图解释义
Scientists have so far failed to provide a cure for the common cold.科学家们到目前为止还没有找到一种治疗普通感冒的方法。
易混辨析
cure与treat的用法区别:
cure通常强调结果,指治愈某种疾病或某人的疾病。常与介词of搭配,构成cure sb of sth,意为“治愈某人的疾病”。
treat通常强调过程,指对病人进行诊断和治疗,但不含治好的意思。常与介词for或with搭配,构成be treated for sth或be treated with sth,分别意为“因……而治疗”和“用……治疗”。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Although this medicine can cure you your illness, it has a bad effect on you.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(2)My uncle his heart disease three years ago.我叔叔的心脏病三年前治好了。
(3)Besides,empathy can be loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear.此外,共情还可以成为治疗孤独、悲伤、焦虑和恐惧的方法。
答案 (1)of (2)was cured of (3)a cure for
短 语 句 式
知识点6 for instance 例如
(P29)For instance, some restaurants in London have served 3D-printed hamburgers to customers. 例如, 伦敦的一些餐馆已经为顾客提供了3D打印的汉堡。
知识拓展
in this instance 在这种情况下
in the first instance 首先;最初
in most instances 在大多数情况下
经典佳句
What would you do, for instance, if you found a member of staff stealing 比如说,如果你发现有职员偷东西,你会怎么办
融会应用 单句写作
(1)Some of my books have sold well. My most recent one, , sold 100,000 copies.我的一些书卖得很好。例如,我最近的一本卖出了10万册。
(2)This problem seemed complex , but they finally solved it easily. 这个问题初看起来复杂, 但是他们最终轻易解决了它。
答案 (1)for instance (2)in the first instance
语法探究
现在完成时的被动语态
自主探究
观察下面两组句子,体会现在完成时的被动语态的用法。
Group A
We have finished the homework.我们已经完成了家庭作业。
Many visitors have visited the Great Wall.许多游客参观过长城。
Mike has seen two films since last month. 从上个月以来,迈克已看了两部电影。
The Russian government has turned these palaces into museums.俄罗斯政府已经把这些宫殿变成了博物馆。
Group B
The homework has been finished by us.家庭作业已经被我们完成了。
The Great Wall has been visited by many visitors.长城被许多游客参观过。
Two films have been seen by Mike since last month.从上个月以来,两部电影被迈克看过了。
These palaces have been turned into museums by the Russian government.这些宫殿已经被俄罗斯政府变成了博物馆。
我的发现
通过观察以上句子,我们发现这两组句子都使用了现在完成时态,其中A组句子强调动作的执行者,是1.语态, 结构为“2.+动词-ed形式”;B组句子强调动作的承受者, 是3. 语态,结构为“4. +动词-ed形式”。
答案 1.主动 2.have/has 3.被动 4.have/has been
探究点1 现在完成时的被动语态的结构和用法
结构 肯定句 主语+have/has+been done
否定句 主语+have/has+not+been done
一般疑问句 Have/Has+主语+been done
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+been done
用法 现在完成时的被动语态表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成,强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与so far、 by now、 since、 up till now、 already、 yet、 never、 recently等连用
探究点2 使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题
●注意与一般过去时的被动语态的区别
一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候,其结果对现在没有影响;而现在完成时的被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去,但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果。
The house was built last year.这房子是去年建造的。(侧重动作发生在过去)
The house has been built.这房子已经建好了。(侧重现在有房子供使用)
●副词的位置
often、 usually、 always、 never、 hardly、 seldom等副词置于have/has和been中间。
[误]Such a man has been hardly believed.
[正]Such a man has hardly been believed.
●注意并不是所有动词都有被动语态。happen、 take place、 break out、 belong to、 cost、 last等不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态。
[误]Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978.
[正]Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.
●open、 break、 drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。
[误]The door has been opened by itself.
[正]The door has opened by itself.
●现在完成时的被动语态中的动词短语,不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词。
[误]The patients have been taken good care.
[正]The patients have been taken good care of.
【随堂检测】
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.Paper money (use) for over a thousand years.
2.Great changes (take) place in my hometown and a lot of factories (set) up recently.
3.This book (translate) into many languages up to now.
4.The fire (get) to the fifth floor.I wonder whether all the people (save).
5.—We want to sit at the table near the window.
—I'm sorry,but it (take) already.
6.Some of the chapters(章) (read) by many students.
7.Why don't you go to the bookstore to buy some books Many new books (bring) there.
8.This month till now,three films (show) in that small village.
9.Do you know the thief (catch) by the police
10.My sister is working in the power plant that (use) for just one year.
答案 1.has been used 2.have taken;have been set
3.has been translated 4.has got;have been saved 5.has been taken 6.have been read 7.have been brought 8.have been shown 9.has been caught 10.has been used
Ⅱ.用被动语态改写下列句子
1.The volunteers have planted thousands of trees along the river in the past few days.
→Thousands of trees along the river by the volunteers in the past few days.
2.Scientists have made a new robot which can walk and talk like humans.
→A new robot which can walk and talk like humans by scientists.
3.Don't worry. The doctors have already operated on the injured boy.
→Don't worry. The injured boy already by the doctors.
4.They look very happy because they have solved the difficult problems.
→They look very happy because the difficult problems by them.
答案 1.have been planted 2.has been made
3.has; been operated on 4.have been solved
Ⅲ.单句写作
1. (男孩们已经被多次告知) not to swim in that lake.
2.We are glad to be told that Li Tao (已经被复旦大学录取) for his top scores in the maths contest.
3.When and where to go for the on-salary holiday (没有确定) yet.
4.Though we don't know what was discussed, yet we can feel the topic (已被改变了).
5.That book (已经被翻译) into at least 20 foreign languages so far.
答案 1.The boys have been told many times 2.has been admitted to Fudan University 3.has not been decided 4.has been changed 5.has been translated
Ⅳ.语篇填空
In our community, there is a large activity room.For the past few years, our community 1. (举行了10多场会议) there.Since 2018, five computers 2. (已被安装) there for the residents.Today, the residents' lives 3. (被大大地改变了) by these computers, because some residents 4. (被教) to use the Internet.Although they 5. (没有买) any goods online, their confidence 6. (被激起) by these things.Who can guess what their future life will be like
答案 1.has hosted more than ten meetings
2.have been fixed 3.have been greatly changed
4.have been taught 5.haven't bought 6.has been inspired
2(共33张PPT)
Unit 3 The world of science
Section Ⅱ Using language
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要词汇的基本用法。（语言能力）
2.通过对教材课文的阅读,在课文的具体情境中理解和掌握现在完成时的被动语态的用法。（语言能力）
3.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化现在完成时的被动语态的用法,并学以致用。（学习能力）
核心单词
知识点1 beyond prep.无法……；超过； 除/超出……之外 adv.在……之后；在另一边
（P29）Within the next 80 years, our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing. 在接下来的80年里, 我们的生活可能被3D打印完全改变。
知识拓展
beyond belief 难以置信
beyond control=out of control 不受约束；难以控制
beyond description 无法描述
beyond one's power 超出某人权限
beyond one's reach=out of one's reach 某人够不到
beyond words 无法用语言表达
be beyond sb 某人无法想象（或理解、做等）
经典佳句
Put the medicine beyond children's reach. 把药放到孩子够不到的地方。
It's beyond me why she wants to marry Jeff. 我无法理解她为什么要嫁给杰夫。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）_____________________ was the border territory. 山的那一边是边境地带。
Beyond the mountains
（2）Sweden is lovely in summer—cold _____________ in winter. 瑞典的夏天非常宜
人——冬天却冷得让人难以置信。
beyond belief
（3）The price of the flat is well ______________________，so we have to rent one.
这套公寓的价格远远超出了我们能承受的范围，所以我们不得不租一套公寓。
beyond/out of our range
知识点2 significant adj.重要的；影响深远的 ＊significance n.意义；意思；重要性；含义
（P29）But perhaps the most significant success that people have achieved to date is in medicine.但也许迄今为止人们取得的最重大的成功是在医学上的。
知识拓展
be of （great/no/little） significance to/for... 对……（很/不/几乎不）重要
attach （great） significance to... 认为……（很）重要
经典佳句
The most significant thing you should keep in mind is that most of the questions are easy if you make use of correct methods.你应该牢记的最重要的一点是，如果你使用正确方法的话，大部分问题是容易的。
Your work has shown a significant improvement.你的工作有了很大的进步。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）In my view，practicing handwriting is of great___________（significant） to the
students' growth.
significance
（2）Only then did he realize the___________（significant） of protecting wild
animals.
significance
Ⅱ.词汇升级
（3）With time going by, people think education is very important.
→With time going by， people_________________________education.
attach great significance to
知识点3 injure v.损害；使受伤；弄伤 ＊injured adj.受伤的 ＊injury n.伤害；损伤
（P29）And it is not just humans who are benefiting—in Brazil, people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire! 而且受益的不仅仅是人类——在巴西，人们给了一只在森林大火中受伤的海龟一个新的3D打印外壳!
知识拓展
the injured 伤者
do sb an injury 伤害某人
图解释义
The injured were rushed to the hospital in an ambulance.救护车把伤者火速送往医院。
易混辨析
hurt、 injure和 wound的用法区别:
hurt 是普通用语,既可指肉体上的伤害,也可指精神上、感情上的伤害。
injure比hurt 正式,hurt 多指伤痛,而 injure 则指损害健康、成就、容貌等,强调功能的损失。
wound主要指刀伤、枪伤,多指在战斗中受伤。
名师点拨
“the+形容词”表示一类人或事物,the injured表示“受伤的人；伤者”。
The number of the injured amounted to over 100.受伤人数总计一百多。
融会应用 用injure、hurt、wound的适当形式填空
（1）Mummy!The shoes are too small!My feet _____.
hurt
（2）The war ended, but the _________were a big problem.
wounded
（3）If you go on at that rate, you will ______your health.
injure
（4）That will _____her feelings.
hurt
知识点4 minor adj.次要的；小的 n.未成年人 ＊minority n.少数；少数民族
（P30）A mountain on the Moon and a minor planet are named after him. 月球上的一座山和一个小行星都是以他的名字命名的。
知识拓展
minor injuries 轻伤
in the minority 占少数
in the majority 占多数
the/a minority of 少数的……
the/a majority of 大多数的……
经典佳句
There are some very minor changes in words and punctuation. 在单词与标点符号方面有一些非常细微的变化。
Children with single parents at my school were very much in the minority. 在我的学校里单亲孩子只占极少数。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）British households who do not have a car are only in the _________（minor）.
minority
（2）Write an article about two ethnic __________（minority）.
minorities
（3）The ________（major） of my patients come to me from out of town.
majority
知识点5 cure n.药剂；疗法 vt.治愈；治疗；改掉（坏习惯）
（P31）Currently,there's no cure for Alzheimer's,but scientists are researching ways to improve the quality of life for people living with the disease.目前,阿尔茨海默病还没有治愈的方法,但是科学家们正在研究改善阿尔茨海默病患者生活质量的方法。
知识拓展
a cure for sth 治疗……的方法
beyond cure 不可救药
cure sb of sth 治愈某人的疾病；改正某人的不良行为
图解释义
Scientists have so far failed to provide a cure for the common cold.科学家们到目前为止还没有找到一种治疗普通感冒的方法。
易混辨析
cure与treat的用法区别:
cure通常强调结果,指治愈某种疾病或某人的疾病。常与介词of搭配,构成cure sb of sth,意为“治愈某人的疾病”。
treat通常强调过程,指对病人进行诊断和治疗,但不含治好的意思。常与介词for或with搭配,构成be treated for sth或be treated with sth,分别意为“因……而治疗”和“用……治疗”。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）Although this medicine can cure you ___your illness, it has a bad effect on you.
of
Ⅱ.单句写作
（2）My uncle _____________his heart disease three years ago.我叔叔的心脏病三年
前治好了。
was cured of
（3）Besides,empathy can be __________loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear.此外,共
情还可以成为治疗孤独、悲伤、焦虑和恐惧的方法。
a cure for
短语句式
知识点6 for instance 例如
（P29）For instance, some restaurants in London have served 3D-printed hamburgers to customers. 例如, 伦敦的一些餐馆已经为顾客提供了3D打印的汉堡。
知识拓展
in this instance 在这种情况下
in the first instance 首先；最初
in most instances 在大多数情况下
经典佳句
What would you do, for instance, if you found a member of staff stealing 比如说，如果你发现有职员偷东西，你会怎么办？
融会应用 单句写作
（1）Some of my books have sold well. My most recent one， ____________，
sold 100，000 copies.我的一些书卖得很好。例如，我最近的一本卖出了10万册。
for instance
（2）This problem seemed complex __________________, but they finally solved it
easily. 这个问题初看起来复杂, 但是他们最终轻易解决了它。
in the first instance
现在完成时的被动语态
自主探究
观察下面两组句子,体会现在完成时的被动语态的用法。
Group A
We have finished the homework.我们已经完成了家庭作业。
Many visitors have visited the Great Wall.许多游客参观过长城。
Mike has seen two films since last month. 从上个月以来,迈克已看了两部电影。
The Russian government has turned these palaces into museums.俄罗斯政府已经把这些宫殿变成了博物馆。
Group B
The homework has been finished by us.家庭作业已经被我们完成了。
The Great Wall has been visited by many visitors.长城被许多游客参观过。
Two films have been seen by Mike since last month.从上个月以来,两部电影被迈克看过了。
These palaces have been turned into museums by the Russian government.这些宫殿已经被俄罗斯政府变成了博物馆。
我的发现 通过观察以上句子,我们发现这两组句子都使用了现在完成时态,其中A
组句子强调动作的执行者,是1.______语态, 结构为“2._________+动词-ed形式”；B组句
子强调动作的承受者, 是3.______语态,结构为“4._____________ +动词-ed形式”。
主动
have/has
被动
have/has been
探究点1 现在完成时的被动语态的结构和用法
结构 肯定句 主语+have/has+been done
否定句 主语+have/has+not+been done
一般疑问句 Have/Has+主语+been done
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+been done
用法 现在完成时的被动语态表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成,强调过去的动作对 现在造成的影响或结果,常与so far、 by now、 since、 up till now、 already、 yet、 never、 recently等连用
探究点2 使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题
●注意与一般过去时的被动语态的区别
一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候,其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时的被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去,但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果。
The house was built last year.这房子是去年建造的。（侧重动作发生在过去）
The house has been built.这房子已经建好了。（侧重现在有房子供使用）
●副词的位置
often、 usually、 always、 never、 hardly、 seldom等副词置于have/has和been中间。
［误］Such a man has been hardly believed.
［正］Such a man has hardly been believed.
●注意并不是所有动词都有被动语态。happen、 take place、 break out、 belong to、 cost、 last等不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态。
［误］Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978.
［正］Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.
●open、 break、 drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。
［误］The door has been opened by itself.
［正］The door has opened by itself.
●现在完成时的被动语态中的动词短语,不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词。
［误］The patients have been taken good care.
［正］The patients have been taken good care of.
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.Paper money______________（use） for over a thousand years.
has been used
2.Great changes ___________（take） place in my hometown and a lot of factories
_____________（set） up recently.
have taken
have been set
3.This book__________________（translate） into many languages up to now.
has been translated
4.The fire________（get） to the fifth floor. I wonder whether all the
people________________（save）.
has got
have been saved
5.—We want to sit at the table near the window.
—I'm sorry，but it ______________（take） already.
has been taken
6.Some of the chapters（章） _______________（read） by many students.
have been read
7.Why don't you go to the bookstore to buy some books？Many new
books_________________（bring） there.
have been brought
8.This month till now，three films________________（show） in that small village.
have been shown
9.Do you know the thief_______________（catch） by the police
has been caught
10.My sister is working in the power plant that______________（use） for just one
year.
has been used
Ⅱ.用被动语态改写下列句子
1.The volunteers have planted thousands of trees along the river in the past few days.
→Thousands of trees _________________along the river by the volunteers in the past
few days.
have been planted
2.Scientists have made a new robot which can walk and talk like humans.
→A new robot which can walk and talk like humans ______________by scientists.
has been made
3.Don't worry. The doctors have already operated on the injured boy.
→Don't worry. The injured boy ____already ________________by the doctors.
has
been operated on
4.They look very happy because they have solved the difficult problems.
→They look very happy because the difficult problems ________________by them.
have been solved
Ⅲ.单句写作
1.__________________________________（男孩们已经被多次告知） not to swim in
that lake.
The boys have been told many times
2.We are glad to be told that Li Tao___________________________________（已经被
复旦大学录取） for his top scores in the maths contest.
has been admitted to Fudan University
3.When and where to go for the on-salary holiday____________________（没有确定）
yet.
has not been decided
4.Though we don't know what was discussed, yet we can feel the
topic_________________（已被改变了）.
has been changed
5.That book__________________（已经被翻译） into at least 20 foreign languages so
far.
has been translated
Ⅳ.语篇填空
In our community, there is a large activity room. For the past few years, our
community 1.________________________________（举行了10多场会议） there. Since
2018, five computers 2._______________（已被安装） there for the residents. Today,
the residents' lives 3.________________________（被大大地改变了） by these
computers, because some residents 4.________________（被教） to use the Internet.
Although they 5.______________（没有买） any goods online, their confidence
6._________________（被激起） by these things. Who can guess what their future
life will be like
has hosted more than ten meetings
have been fixed
have been greatly changed
have been taught
haven't bought
has been inspired
