(共58张PPT)
Unit 3 The world of science
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
1.了解课文大意；培养略读和查读等阅读能力。（语言能力，思维品质）
2.理解并能够自主运用重要语言点,如单词、短语和句式等的用法。（语言能力）
3.通过阅读熟悉英语实验报告的文体特征,并掌握其写作方法及策略。（语言能力，学习能力）
Step 1 文本整体理解，关注布局谋篇
Match each paragraph with its main idea according to the passage on Pages 32-33.
A.Question accepted ideas.
B.Franklin's lightning experiment influences students deeply.
C.Benjamin Franklin's famous experiment.
D.Facts should be proved.
E.Introduction of the topic.
F.Not everything about the experiment is true.
1.Para.1( )
E
2.Para.2( )
C
3.Para.3( )
B
4.Para.4( )
F
5.Para.5( )
A
6.Para.6( )
D
Step 2 细读课文，明确教材细节
Read the passage on Pages 32-33 and choose the best answers.
1.What did Franklin's famous experiment aim to prove ( )
D
A.It is dangerous to fly a kite during a storm.
B.People were interested in electricity.
C.Franklin was a great scientist. D.Lightning was related to electricity.
2.What can be inferred from the passage ( )
B
A.Franklin died from an electric shock.
B.Accepted ideas are worth questioning.
C.It is generally believed that an apple fell on Newton's head.
D.Fiction is more interesting than the truth.
3.What should we do to prove facts ( )
C
A.Make up fictions. B.Explore science.
C.Carry out experiments. D.Educate more schoolchildren.
4.What's the author's attitude towards the story of Franklin's experiment ( )
A
A.Doubtful. B.Curious. C.Objective. D.Not mentioned.
核心单词
知识点1 attach v.系；绑；贴；附上；重视 ＊attached adj.（作表语）依恋的；附属于 ＊attachment n.附件；依恋；爱慕
（P32）A metal key was attached to the string.绳子上系着一把金属钥匙。
知识拓展
attach sth to sth 把……附在……上；把……固定到……上
attach importance/significance to...认为……重要/有意义
be attached to 附属于；依恋；喜爱
经典佳句
I have attached my photo to you in my last email， and please check it in the attachment.我已经把我的照片附在上次给你的邮件里了，请在附件里查收一下。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）On returning home, she found a note ________（attach） to the door, reading
“Call in later”.
attached
（2）My parents always attach great importance___ my getting a good education.
to
（3）The boy is now studying in the middle school ________（attach） to Peking
University.
attached
（4）Dr Carlos ____________（attach） to painting, so he was determined to take it
up when he's old.
was attached
知识点2 conduct v.传导（热、电）；指挥；引导 ＊conduction n.传导；输送 ＊conductor n.导体；售票员；指挥
（P32）A flash of lightning hit the kite, and electricity was conducted through the string to the key. 一道闪电击中了风筝, 电流通过绳子传导到钥匙上。
知识拓展
conduct an experiment/an inquiry/a survey 进行实验/询问/调查
conducted oneself 举止；表现
heat conduction 热传导
a lightning conductor 避雷针
经典佳句
Most metals can conduct electricity. 大多数金属能导电。
He conducted himself far better than expected. 他表现得比预料的要好得多。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）Graphite（石墨） is a highly efficient __________ （conduct） of electricity.
conductor
（2）Temperature becomes uniform by heat ___________ （conduct） until finally a
permanent state is reached.
conduction
（3）This is a concert by the Philharmonic Orchestra, __________ （conduct） by
Sir Colin Davis.
conducted
知识点3 account n.记述；描述；账目；账户 ＊accountant n.会计；会计师
（P33）In fact，more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple， there is no proof that it hit him on the head. 事实上，不止一种说法认为，牛顿的灵感来自一个掉落的苹果，但并没有证据表明它击中了他的头部。
知识拓展
bank account 银行账户
on account of 因为；由于
take account of=take...into account 考虑到；把……考虑进去
account for （数量上）占；解释/说明
经典佳句
The flight was postponed on account of bad weather. 因为天气恶劣，航班延误了。
The minority ethnic groups account for six per cent of the population.少数民族占人口的6%。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）Mary often does part-time jobs to earn extra money，which accounts ____ half
of her income.
for
（2）On account ___ his illness， he was never left alone.
of
Ⅱ.同义句转换
（3）The government should take account of the interests of the disabled.
→The government should _________________________________________.
take the interests of the disabled into account
短语句式
知识点4 apart from 除……之外
（P32）Apart from being a successful statesman, he was also well known as a leading American author, printer and publisher, successful diplomat, creative scientist and inventor.他除了是一位成功的政治家外,还是美国杰出的作家、印刷商和出版商，成功的外交家，富有创造力的科学家和发明家。
图解释义
Apart from the few found in zoos, pandas live only in the central bamboo forests of Chinese mainland. 除了在动物园里发现的少数几只外，大熊猫只生活在中国大陆的中心竹林里。
易混辨析
apart from、besides和except的用法区别:
apart from具有多重意义,既可代替besides/in addition to,也可代替except/but；
besides意为“除了……之外（还有）”,即把除去的部分也包括在整体之内；
except意为“除了……之外”,表示在整体中减去一部分,除去的部分不包括在整体之内。
融会应用 选词填空
apart from；except；besides
（1）__________________being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful
skill.
Apart from/Besides
（2）It's really a good film ________________the ending.
apart from/except
（3）The shop is open every day _______on Sundays.
except
知识点5 come up with 想出；提出
（P33）Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton's head and led him to come up with his theory of gravity.一些人甚至质疑苹果掉在牛顿头上并由此导致牛顿提出万有引力定律的那个故事。
知识拓展
come about 产生；发生
come across 遇见；（偶然）发现
come out 为人所知；出来；（书等）出版；发行
come up 走上前；出现；被讨论；被提及
when it comes to... 当涉及……；当谈到……
经典佳句
I was amazed that he'd come up with this sweet idea.他提出了一个如此美妙的想法，对此我感到惊讶。
Several of the members have come up with suggestions of their own.有几位成员提出了自己的建议。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）It was the second time that his name had come ____.
up
（2）No one has come up_____a better explanation of why dinosaurs died out.
with
Ⅱ.单句写作
（3）I was delayed—__________________at home.我耽搁了——家里出了点事。
something came up
（4）He is expected to________________________after he considers this problem.希
望他在考虑了这个问题后会提出一些看法。
come up with some ideas
知识点6 more than one+单数可数名词
（P32）More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth.一代又一代的小学生对他的勇敢和寻找真理的科学方法感到惊讶。
知识拓展
本句中，“more than one+单数可数名词”作主语，尽管意义上是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。“more +复数名词+than one”作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。
经典佳句
More than one student was praised at the meeting. 不止一个学生在大会上受到了表扬。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）More than one person _____ （be） absent from work yesterday.
was
（2）More books than one ________________ （give） to the students so far.
have been given
知识点7 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法
（P33）But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key，he would certainly have died from the electric shock.但科学家们都同意，如果富兰克林真的碰了钥匙，他肯定会死于电击。
知识拓展
本句使用了虚拟语气。if引导的条件状语从句表示对过去事情的假设，谓语使用had done，主句谓语使用would+have+done。
虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法：
情况 从句谓语 主句谓语
与现在事 实相反 相当于过去式的形式（be动词用were） would/should/could/might+动
词原形
与过去事 实相反 had done would/should/could/might+hav
e+done
与将来事 实相反 相当于过去式的形式（be用were）/should+ 动词原形/were to+动词原形 would/should/could/might+动
词原形
If my brother were here，everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。（与现在事实相反）
If I had enough money，I would take the beautiful dress for my daughter. 如果我有足够的钱，我就会为女儿买下这件漂亮的连衣裙。（与现在事实相反）
If you had got up earlier，you would have caught the train. 如果早点起床，你就会赶上火车了。（与过去事实相反）
If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow，we would have to put off the sports meeting. 如果明天下雨，我们就得推迟运动会。（与将来事实相反）
名师点拨
错综时间条件句的用法：
在虚拟语气中，条件从句中的谓语可以和主句中的谓语发生时间不一致，这时从句和主句要根据各自所发生的时间选用符合具体时间的虚拟语气形式。
If you had prepared in advance，you wouldn't be in such an awkward position now. 如果你事先做好准备，现在就不至于陷入如此尴尬的境地。（从句表示过去，主句表示现在）
融会应用 单句填空
（1）If I had a map，I ___________ （lend） it to you.
would lend
（2）If we ___________ （drive） in turn， you wouldn't have got so tired.
had driven
（3）If you ____________ （listen） to me yesterday， you wouldn't be in such
trouble now.
had listened
实验报告
实验报告属于说明文，主要用来说明实验的目的、过程以及实验的结果。实验报告一般可以分为三个部分：首先说明实验的目的和实验所需要的实验器材；然后说明实验所采用的方法，实验的具体过程以及实验所得到的结果；最后根据实验的情况得出相应的结论。
探究点1 教材范例提炼
课文范例
素材积累
Ⅰ.常用词汇
1.make good preparations for the experiment 为实验做好充分的准备
2.do the experiment as follows 按照如下（方法/步骤）做实验
3.find a better way of doing it 找到一个更好的方式去做
4.be under observation 在观察中
5.make a good study 做好充分研究
Ⅱ.话题句式
★精彩开头
1.We carry out the experiment to find out why it rusts.我们做实验是为了找出它生锈的原因。
2.The aim of the experiment is to find the cause of the gas leak.实验的目的是找到气体泄漏的原因。
★正文佳句
1.Before we started，we prepared a candle，a glass，a basin and some water.开始之前，我们准备了一支蜡烛，一个玻璃杯，一个盆子还有一些水。
2.The glass must be a little higher than the candle so that we can see the result more easily.玻璃杯必须比蜡烛稍高一点儿，以便我们能够更容易看清结果。
★余味结尾
1.We had an interesting experiment lesson.我们上了一堂有趣的实验课。
2.We were greatly impressed with the process of burning.我们对燃烧的过程印象非常深刻。
探究点2 写作应用体验
写作典例
化学课上学习了关于溶解的知识后, 请你根据下表做一个化学实验, 比较橘子汁和食用油在水中的溶解情况, 然后用英语写一篇80词左右的实验报告, 给出结论。
实验目的 观察橘子汁和食用油这两种物质是否溶解于水
实验器材 试管、小勺
实验方法 1.将水分别注入两个试管中, 并确保水位相等；
2.把两种物质分别放在装有水的两个试管中；
3.5分钟后观察反应
实验结果 橘子汁溶解了, 食用油没有任何反应
参考词汇：小勺spoon；溶解dissolve
______________________
Yours，
Li Hua
分步推进
Step 1 审题谋篇
体裁 说明文
话题 实验报告
时态 一般过去时为主
人称 第三人称
Step 2 要点翻译
1.词汇翻译
（1）_______________________________实验的目的
the aim/purpose of the experiment
（2）________查明
find out
（3）___________把……倒入……
pour...into...
（4）______adj.相等的
equal
（5）________________同时
at the same time
（6）_________________五分钟后
five minutes later
2.句子翻译
（1）五分钟后, 橘子汁已经溶于水了, 但食用油仍然漂在水面。
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________
After five minutes, the orange juice dissolved in water, but the oil remained on the surface of the water.
（2）橘子汁很快溶于水了,而食用油没有任何反应。
_________________________________________________________________
Orange juice dissolves in water quickly. Oil is hard to dissolve in water.
Step 3 句式升级
（1）用later、however改写上题中的句（1）
___________________________________________________________________________
_______________________
Five minutes later, the orange juice dissolved in water. However, the oil remained on the surface of the water.
（2）用while把上题中的句（2）改写成并列句
______________________________________________________________________
Orange juice dissolves in water quickly while oil is hard to dissolve in water.
Step 4 连句成篇
利用以上几个句子,加上恰当的连接词和过渡句,必要时可以改变句式,使之成为一篇连贯的文章。
参考范文
Aim:To find out whether orange juice and oil dissolve in water.
Apparatuses: test tubes， spoons
Method:Pour water into two test tubes. Make sure the water level is equal in either tube. Put a spoonful of orange juice into one tube, and a spoonful of oil into the other. Put them into the tubes at the same time； leave the tubes for five minutes.
Result:Five minutes later, the orange juice dissolved in water. However, the oil remained on the surface of the water.
Conclusion:Orange juice dissolves in water quickly while oil is hard to dissolve in water.
主题写作
假定你是李华,在物理老师的帮助下,你们班今天做了一个有趣的实验。请根据以下实验步骤,用英语写一篇80词左右的实验报告。
实验步骤：
1.准备一支蜡烛、一个比蜡烛稍高些的玻璃杯、一个盆和一些水；
2.将蜡烛置于盆底,并向盆中倒入一些水；
3.点燃蜡烛,将玻璃杯罩在蜡烛上；
4.当蜡烛熄灭后,看到玻璃杯中水面高于盆中水面。
参考词汇:盆basin
___________________________________________________________________________
参考范文
Today, we carried out an interesting experiment. Before we started, we prepared a candle, a glass that is a little higher than the candle, a basin and some water.
First, the candle was placed at the bottom of the basin and some water was poured into the basin. Then we lit the candle and covered it with the glass that was full of air. We waited until the candle went out.
To our astonishment, we saw that the water level in the glass was higher than that in the basin. We draw the conclusion that the difference in air pressure inside and outside the glass is the main reason for the water level change.
1.The great inventor was hardworking and it was many years of efforts that led to the invention coming into being. 这位伟大的发明家很努力,正是他多年的努力使得这项发明得以形成。
2.Preventing crime is a huge social system project，and it needs social force to attach itself to it. 预防犯罪是一项宏大的社会系统工程，需要全社会力量共同参与。
3.Doctors are now able to cure people of many diseases which in former times would have killed them. 现在，医生能够治愈过去的许多不治之症。
美篇导读
《远大前程》是英国作家查尔斯·狄更斯晚年写成的长篇小说。故事背景为1812年圣诞节前夕至1840年冬天，狄更斯以自传式手法叙述了主角皮普从7岁开始的三个人生阶段。此小说贯彻了狄更斯文以载道的风格，透过书中主角人生的跌宕起落，表达了他对生命和人性的看法。
美篇呈现
Great Expectations（Excerpt）
My first name was Philip，but when I was a small child I could only manage to① say Pip.
So Pip was what everybody called me.
I lived in a small village in Essex with my sister， who was over twenty years older than me， and married to Joe Gargery， the village blacksmith②.
My parents had died when I was a baby， so I could not remember them at all， but quite often I used to visit the churchyard， about a mile from the village， to look at their names on their gravestones③.
My first memory is of sitting on a gravestone in that churchyard one cold， grey， December afternoon， looking out at the dark， flat， wild marshes④ divided by the black line of the River Thames， and listening to the rushing sound of the sea in the distance.
“Don't say a word！” cried a terrible voice， as a man jumped up from among the graves and caught hold of⑤ me.
“If you shout I'll cut your throat！”
He was a big man， dressed all in grey， with an iron chain on his leg. His clothes were wet and torn. He looked exhausted，and hungry，and very fierce.
I had never been so frightened in my whole life.
“Oh！Don't cut my throat，sir！”I begged in terror.
“Tell me your name，boy！Quick！” he said， still holding me.“And show me where you live！”
“My name's Pip， sir. And I live in the village over there.”
He picked me up and turned me upside down.
Nothing fell out of my pocket except a piece of old bread. He ate it in two bites， like a dog， and put me back on the gravestone.
“So where are your father and mother？”he asked.
“There，sir，”I answered，pointing to their graves.
“What！” he cried， and was about to run， when he saw where I was pointing.“Oh！” he said.“I see. They're dead. Well， who do you live with， if I let you live， which I haven't decided yet？”
“With my sister，sir，wife of Joe Gargery，the blacksmith.”
“Blacksmith， you say？”And he looked down at his leg. Then he held me by both arms and stared fiercely down into my eyes.
“Now look here. You bring me a file⑥.You know what that is And you bring me some food.”
远大前程（节选）
我的名字叫菲利普，但是当我还是个小孩子的时候，我仅会说皮普。
因此，皮普就成了大家对我的称呼。
我与姐姐住在埃塞克斯的一个小村庄，姐姐比我大20多岁，她与村里的铁匠乔·葛吉瑞结了婚。
当我还是一个婴儿时，父母就离世了，所以我不记得他们的一切情况。但是，我过去常常去离村庄大约1英里的教堂墓地，瞻仰墓碑上他们的名字。
我最初的记忆是在十二月份一个寒冷的、天色阴沉的下午。我正坐在那个教堂墓地的一块墓石上，看到的是被那黑色泰晤士河分割成的一片黑压压的沼泽荒地，听到的是从远处大海刮来的呼啸声。
这时，从墓地里窜出一个人来，一把抓住我。“别出声！”一个凶恶的声音大喊起来。
“如果你出声我就割断你的喉咙！”
他身材高大，穿着一身灰色衣服，腿上拴着一副脚镣。他的衣服湿漉漉的并且破烂不堪。他看上去筋疲力尽、饥饿难耐又十分凶残。
在我一生中我从没有如此害怕过。
“噢！先生，不要割断我的喉咙！”我害怕地乞求着。
“小子，告诉我你叫什么名字！快点！”他仍然抓着我说，“指给我看你住在哪儿！”
“先生，我叫皮普，我住在那边的村庄里。”
他抓起我，又把我上下颠倒。
我的口袋里除了一块剩面包外一无所有。他狼吞虎咽地两口吃下，又把我放回墓石上。
“那么，你的爸爸妈妈在哪儿？”他问道。
“先生，在那儿，”我指着那里的坟墓回答。
当他看到我所指的地方时，他大叫一声：“什么！”然后他拔腿就要跑。“噢！”他说，“我明白了，他们已经死了。嘿，你跟谁一起生活？但是，我是否让你活着还没决定。”
“和我姐姐在一起，先生，她是铁匠乔·葛吉瑞的妻子。”
“你说，铁匠？”他低下头看看自己的腿，然后抱住我，用凶狠的眼光盯着我的双眼。
“你看这儿，给我带把锉刀来。你知道什么是锉刀吗？再给我弄点吃的来。”
知识积累
①manage to 设法做成
②blacksmith n.铁匠；锻工
③gravestone n.墓碑；墓石
④marsh n.沼泽；湿地
⑤catch hold of 抓住；捉住
⑥file n.锉刀；文件；档案
素养链接
小说故事的发展大致可分成三个部分。第一部分记述了皮普在乡间的质朴的童年生活。一次偶然的机会他遇见了一名逃犯，并偷了家里的东西帮助他。不久，皮普受邀到哈维沙姆小姐的萨蒂斯大院玩耍，从此内心发生了变化。他爱上了美丽却冷漠的埃斯特拉，开始为自己的出身及亲人感到害臊。一天，皮普突然受到一位不愿透露姓名的人士的资助。被送到伦敦接受上等人的教育，他为此欣喜若狂。
故事的第二部分主要描写了皮普在伦敦接受教育的经历。由于受到上层社会势利习气的传染，皮普过着奢靡堕落的生活，道德品质也变得低下。他一直以为是哈维沙姆小姐匿名资助他接受高尚教育，然而，真正“恩人”的出现使他不得不重新面对现实。
小说最后一部分记叙了皮普保护潜逃回国的流放犯马格威奇的经历。虽然马格威奇最终难逃被捕的命运，但是在一系列的变故中，皮普最终回归人性之美，深切地体会到友情和亲情的可贵。Unit 3 Section Ⅲ Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
【学习目标】
1.了解课文大意;培养略读和查读等阅读能力。(语言能力,思维品质)
2.理解并能够自主运用重要语言点,如单词、短语和句式等的用法。(语言能力)
3.通过阅读熟悉英语实验报告的文体特征,并掌握其写作方法及策略。(语言能力,学习能力)
【合作探究】
语篇研读
Step 1 文本整体理解,关注布局谋篇
Match each paragraph with its main idea according to the passage on Pages 32-33.
( )1.Para.1 ( )2.Para.2
( )3.Para.3 ( )4.Para.4
( )5.Para.5 ( )6.Para.6
A.Question accepted ideas.
B.Franklin's lightning experiment influences students deeply.
C.Benjamin Franklin's famous experiment.
D.Facts should be proved.
E.Introduction of the topic.
F.Not everything about the experiment is true.
答案 1~6 ECBFAD
Step 2 细读课文,明确教材细节
Read the passage on Pages 32-33 and choose the best answers.
1.What did Franklin's famous experiment aim to prove
A.It is dangerous to fly a kite during a storm.
B.People were interested in electricity.
C.Franklin was a great scientist.
D.Lightning was related to electricity.
2.What can be inferred from the passage
A.Franklin died from an electric shock.
B.Accepted ideas are worth questioning.
C.It is generally believed that an apple fell on Newton's head.
D.Fiction is more interesting than the truth.
3.What should we do to prove facts
A.Make up fictions.
B.Explore science.
C.Carry out experiments.
D.Educate more schoolchildren.
4.What's the author's attitude towards the story of Franklin's experiment
A.Doubtful. B.Curious.
C.Objective. D.Not mentioned.
答案 1~4 DBCA
新知探究
核 心 单 词
知识点1 attach v.系;绑;贴;附上;重视 *attached adj.(作表语)依恋的;附属于 *attachment n.附件;依恋;爱慕
(P32)A metal key was attached to the string.绳子上系着一把金属钥匙。
知识拓展
attach sth to sth 把……附在……上;把……固定到……上
attach importance/significance to...认为……重要/有意义
be attached to 附属于;依恋;喜爱
经典佳句
I have attached my photo to you in my last email, and please check it in the attachment.我已经把我的照片附在上次给你的邮件里了,请在附件里查收一下。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)On returning home, she found a note (attach) to the door, reading “Call in later”.
(2)My parents always attach great importance my getting a good education.
(3)The boy is now studying in the middle school (attach) to Peking University.
(4)Dr Carlos (attach) to painting, so he was determined to take it up when he's old.
答案 (1)attached (2)to (3)attached
(4)was attached
知识点2 conduct v.传导(热、电);指挥;引导 *conduction n.传导;输送 *conductor n.导体;售票员;指挥
(P32)A flash of lightning hit the kite, and electricity was conducted through the string to the key. 一道闪电击中了风筝, 电流通过绳子传导到钥匙上。
知识拓展
conduct an experiment/an inquiry/a survey 进行实验/询问/调查
conducted oneself 举止;表现
heat conduction 热传导
a lightning conductor 避雷针
经典佳句
Most metals can conduct electricity. 大多数金属能导电。
He conducted himself far better than expected. 他表现得比预料的要好得多。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)Graphite(石墨) is a highly efficient (conduct) of electricity.
(2)Temperature becomes uniform by heat (conduct) until finally a permanent state is reached.
(3)This is a concert by the Philharmonic Orchestra, (conduct) by Sir Colin Davis.
答案 (1)conductor (2)conduction (3)conducted
知识点3 account n.记述;描述;账目;账户 *accountant n.会计;会计师
(P33)In fact,more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof that it hit him on the head. 事实上,不止一种说法认为,牛顿的灵感来自一个掉落的苹果,但并没有证据表明它击中了他的头部。
知识拓展
bank account 银行账户
on account of 因为;由于
take account of=take...into account 考虑到;把……考虑进去
account for (数量上)占;解释/说明
经典佳句
The flight was postponed on account of bad weather. 因为天气恶劣,航班延误了。
The minority ethnic groups account for six per cent of the population.少数民族占人口的6%。
融会应用 Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)Mary often does part-time jobs to earn extra money,which accounts half of her income.
(2)On account his illness, he was never left alone.
Ⅱ.同义句转换
(3)The government should take account of the interests of the disabled.
→The government should .
答案 (1)for (2)of (3)take the interests of the disabled into account
短 语 句 式
知识点4 apart from 除……之外
(P32)Apart from being a successful statesman, he was also well known as a leading American author, printer and publisher, successful diplomat, creative scientist and inventor.他除了是一位成功的政治家外,还是美国杰出的作家、印刷商和出版商,成功的外交家,富有创造力的科学家和发明家。
图解释义
Apart from the few found in zoos, pandas live only in the central bamboo forests of Chinese mainland. 除了在动物园里发现的少数几只外,大熊猫只生活在中国大陆的中心竹林里。
易混辨析
apart from、besides和except的用法区别:
apart from具有多重意义,既可代替besides/in addition to,也可代替except/but;
besides意为“除了……之外(还有)”,即把除去的部分也包括在整体之内;
except意为“除了……之外”,表示在整体中减去一部分,除去的部分不包括在整体之内。
融会应用 选词填空
apart from;except;besides
(1) being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill.
(2)It's really a good film the ending.
(3)The shop is open every day on Sundays.
答案 (1)Apart from/Besides (2)apart from/except
(3)except
知识点5 come up with 想出;提出
(P33)Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton's head and led him to come up with his theory of gravity.一些人甚至质疑苹果掉在牛顿头上并由此导致牛顿提出万有引力定律的那个故事。
知识拓展
come about 产生;发生
come across 遇见;(偶然)发现
come out 为人所知;出来;(书等)出版;发行
come up 走上前;出现;被讨论;被提及
when it comes to... 当涉及……;当谈到……
经典佳句
I was amazed that he'd come up with this sweet idea.他提出了一个如此美妙的想法,对此我感到惊讶。
Several of the members have come up with suggestions of their own.有几位成员提出了自己的建议。
融会应用 Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)It was the second time that his name had come .
(2)No one has come up a better explanation of why dinosaurs died out.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)I was delayed— at home.我耽搁了——家里出了点事。
(4)He is expected to after he considers this problem.希望他在考虑了这个问题后会提出一些看法。
答案 (1)up (2)with (3)something came up (4)come up with some ideas
知识点6 more than one+单数可数名词
(P32)More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth.一代又一代的小学生对他的勇敢和寻找真理的科学方法感到惊讶。
知识拓展
本句中,“more than one+单数可数名词”作主语,尽管意义上是复数,但谓语动词仍用单数形式。“more +复数名词+than one”作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。
经典佳句
More than one student was praised at the meeting. 不止一个学生在大会上受到了表扬。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)More than one person (be) absent from work yesterday.
(2)More books than one (give) to the students so far.
答案 (1)was (2)have been given
知识点7 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法
(P33)But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key,he would certainly have died from the electric shock.但科学家们都同意,如果富兰克林真的碰了钥匙,他肯定会死于电击。
知识拓展
本句使用了虚拟语气。if引导的条件状语从句表示对过去事情的假设,谓语使用had done,主句谓语使用would+have+done。
虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法:
情况 从句谓语 主句谓语
与现在事实相反 相当于过去式的形式(be动词用were) would/should/could/might+动词原形
与过去事实相反 had done would/should/could/might+have+done
与将来事实相反 相当于过去式的形式(be用were)/should + 动词原形 / were to+动词原形 would/should/could/might+动词原形
If my brother were here,everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在这儿,一切都没问题了。(与现在事实相反)
If I had enough money,I would take the beautiful dress for my daughter. 如果我有足够的钱,我就会为女儿买下这件漂亮的连衣裙。(与现在事实相反)
If you had got up earlier,you would have caught the train. 如果早点起床,你就会赶上火车了。(与过去事实相反)
If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow,we would have to put off the sports meeting. 如果明天下雨,我们就得推迟运动会。(与将来事实相反)
名师点拨
错综时间条件句的用法:
在虚拟语气中,条件从句中的谓语可以和主句中的谓语发生时间不一致,这时从句和主句要根据各自所发生的时间选用符合具体时间的虚拟语气形式。
If you had prepared in advance,you wouldn't be in such an awkward position now. 如果你事先做好准备,现在就不至于陷入如此尴尬的境地。(从句表示过去,主句表示现在)
融会应用 单句填空
(1)If I had a map,I (lend) it to you.
(2)If we (drive) in turn, you wouldn't have got so tired.
(3)If you (listen) to me yesterday, you wouldn't be in such trouble now.
答案 (1)would lend (2)had driven (3)had listened
写作探究
实 验 报 告
实验报告属于说明文,主要用来说明实验的目的、过程以及实验的结果。实验报告一般可以分为三个部分:首先说明实验的目的和实验所需要的实验器材;然后说明实验所采用的方法,实验的具体过程以及实验所得到的结果;最后根据实验的情况得出相应的结论。
探究点1 教材范例提炼
课文范例
素材积累
Ⅰ.常用词汇
1.make good preparations for the experiment 为实验做好充分的准备
2.do the experiment as follows 按照如下(方法/步骤)做实验
3.find a better way of doing it 找到一个更好的方式去做
4.be under observation 在观察中
5.make a good study 做好充分研究
Ⅱ.话题句式
★精彩开头
1.We carry out the experiment to find out why it rusts.我们做实验是为了找出它生锈的原因。
2.The aim of the experiment is to find the cause of the gas leak.实验的目的是找到气体泄漏的原因。
★正文佳句
1.Before we started,we prepared a candle,a glass,a basin and some water.开始之前,我们准备了一支蜡烛,一个玻璃杯,一个盆子还有一些水。
2.The glass must be a little higher than the candle so that we can see the result more easily.玻璃杯必须比蜡烛稍高一点儿,以便我们能够更容易看清结果。
★余味结尾
1.We had an interesting experiment lesson.我们上了一堂有趣的实验课。
2.We were greatly impressed with the process of burning.我们对燃烧的过程印象非常深刻。
探究点2 写作应用体验
写作典例
化学课上学习了关于溶解的知识后, 请你根据下表做一个化学实验, 比较橘子汁和食用油在水中的溶解情况, 然后用英语写一篇80词左右的实验报告, 给出结论。
实验目的 观察橘子汁和食用油这两种物质是否溶解于水
实验器材 试管、小勺
实验方法 1.将水分别注入两个试管中, 并确保水位相等; 2.把两种物质分别放在装有水的两个试管中; 3.5分钟后观察反应
实验结果 橘子汁溶解了, 食用油没有任何反应
参考词汇:小勺spoon;溶解dissolve
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Yours,
Li Hua
分步推进
Step 1 审题谋篇
体裁 说明文
话题 实验报告
时态 一般过去时为主
人称 第三人称
Step 2 要点翻译
1.词汇翻译
(1) 实验的目的
(2) 查明
(3) 把……倒入……
(4) adj.相等的
(5) 同时
(6) 五分钟后
答案 (1)the aim/purpose of the experiment
(2)find out (3)pour...into... (4)equal (5)at the same time (6)five minutes later
2.句子翻译
(1)五分钟后, 橘子汁已经溶于水了, 但食用油仍然漂在水面。
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(2)橘子汁很快溶于水了,而食用油没有任何反应。_______________________________________________________________________________
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答案
(1)After five minutes, the orange juice dissolved in water, but the oil remained on the surface of the water.
(2)Orange juice dissolves in water quickly.Oil is hard to dissolve in water.
Step 3 句式升级
(1)用later、however改写上题中的句(1)
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(2)用while把上题中的句(2)改写成并列句
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答案
(1)Five minutes later, the orange juice dissolved in water.However, the oil remained on the surface of the water.
(2)Orange juice dissolves in water quickly while oil is hard to dissolve in water.
Step 4 连句成篇
利用以上几个句子,加上恰当的连接词和过渡句,必要时可以改变句式,使之成为一篇连贯的文章。
参考范文
Aim:To find out whether orange juice and oil dissolve in water.
Apparatuses: test tubes, spoons
Method:Pour water into two test tubes.Make sure the water level is equal in either tube.Put a spoonful of orange juice into one tube, and a spoonful of oil into the other.Put them into the tubes at the same time; leave the tubes for five minutes.
Result:Five minutes later, the orange juice dissolved in water.However, the oil remained on the surface of the water.
Conclusion:Orange juice dissolves in water quickly while oil is hard to dissolve in water.
【随堂检测】
主题写作
假定你是李华,在物理老师的帮助下,你们班今天做了一个有趣的实验。请根据以下实验步骤,用英语写一篇80词左右的实验报告。
实验步骤:
1.准备一支蜡烛、一个比蜡烛稍高些的玻璃杯、一个盆和一些水;
2.将蜡烛置于盆底,并向盆中倒入一些水;
3.点燃蜡烛,将玻璃杯罩在蜡烛上;
4.当蜡烛熄灭后,看到玻璃杯中水面高于盆中水面。
参考词汇:盆basin
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参考范文
Today, we carried out an interesting experiment. Before we started, we prepared a candle, a glass that is a little higher than the candle, a basin and some water.
First, the candle was placed at the bottom of the basin and some water was poured into the basin. Then we lit the candle and covered it with the glass that was full of air. We waited until the candle went out.
To our astonishment, we saw that the water level in the glass was higher than that in the basin. We draw the conclusion that the difference in air pressure inside and outside the glass is the main reason for the water level change.
【课外拓展】
视野拓展
1.The great inventor was hardworking and it was many years of efforts that led to the invention coming into being. 这位伟大的发明家很努力,正是他多年的努力使得这项发明得以形成。
2.Preventing crime is a huge social system project,and it needs social force to attach itself to it. 预防犯罪是一项宏大的社会系统工程,需要全社会力量共同参与。
3.Doctors are now able to cure people of many diseases which in former times would have killed them. 现在,医生能够治愈过去的许多不治之症。
英美文化
美篇导读
《远大前程》是英国作家查尔斯·狄更斯晚年写成的长篇小说。故事背景为1812年圣诞节前夕至1840年冬天,狄更斯以自传式手法叙述了主角皮普从7岁开始的三个人生阶段。此小说贯彻了狄更斯文以载道的风格,透过书中主角人生的跌宕起落,表达了他对生命和人性的看法。
美篇呈现
Great Expectations(Excerpt)
My first name was Philip,but when I was a small child I could only manage to① say Pip.
So Pip was what everybody called me.
I lived in a small village in Essex with my sister, who was over twenty years older than me, and married to Joe Gargery, the village blacksmith②.
My parents had died when I was a baby, so I could not remember them at all, but quite often I used to visit the churchyard, about a mile from the village, to look at their names on their gravestones③.
My first memory is of sitting on a gravestone in that churchyard one cold, grey, December afternoon, looking out at the dark, flat, wild marshes④ divided by the black line of the River Thames, and listening to the rushing sound of the sea in the distance.
“Don't say a word!” cried a terrible voice, as a man jumped up from among the graves and caught hold of⑤ me.
“If you shout I'll cut your throat!”
He was a big man, dressed all in grey, with an iron chain on his leg.His clothes were wet and torn.He looked exhausted,and hungry,and very fierce.
I had never been so frightened in my whole life.
“Oh!Don't cut my throat,sir!”I begged in terror.
“Tell me your name,boy!Quick!” he said, still holding me.“And show me where you live!”
“My name's Pip, sir.And I live in the village over there.”
He picked me up and turned me upside down.
Nothing fell out of my pocket except a piece of old bread.He ate it in two bites, like a dog, and put me back on the gravestone.
“So where are your father and mother ”he asked.
“There,sir,”I answered,pointing to their graves.
“What!” he cried, and was about to run, when he saw where I was pointing.“Oh!” he said.“I see.They're dead.Well, who do you live with, if I let you live, which I haven't decided yet ”
“With my sister,sir,wife of Joe Gargery,the blacksmith.”
“Blacksmith, you say ”And he looked down at his leg.Then he held me by both arms and stared fiercely down into my eyes.
“Now look here.You bring me a file⑥.You know what that is And you bring me some food.”
远大前程(节选)
我的名字叫菲利普,但是当我还是个小孩子的时候,我仅会说皮普。
因此,皮普就成了大家对我的称呼。
我与姐姐住在埃塞克斯的一个小村庄,姐姐比我大20多岁,她与村里的铁匠乔·葛吉瑞结了婚。
当我还是一个婴儿时,父母就离世了,所以我不记得他们的一切情况。但是,我过去常常去离村庄大约1英里的教堂墓地,瞻仰墓碑上他们的名字。
我最初的记忆是在十二月份一个寒冷的、天色阴沉的下午。我正坐在那个教堂墓地的一块墓石上,看到的是被那黑色泰晤士河分割成的一片黑压压的沼泽荒地,听到的是从远处大海刮来的呼啸声。
这时,从墓地里窜出一个人来,一把抓住我。“别出声!”一个凶恶的声音大喊起来。
“如果你出声我就割断你的喉咙!”
他身材高大,穿着一身灰色衣服,腿上拴着一副脚镣。他的衣服湿漉漉的并且破烂不堪。他看上去筋疲力尽、饥饿难耐又十分凶残。
在我一生中我从没有如此害怕过。
“噢!先生,不要割断我的喉咙!”我害怕地乞求着。
“小子,告诉我你叫什么名字!快点!”他仍然抓着我说,“指给我看你住在哪儿!”
“先生,我叫皮普,我住在那边的村庄里。”
他抓起我,又把我上下颠倒。
我的口袋里除了一块剩面包外一无所有。他狼吞虎咽地两口吃下,又把我放回墓石上。
“那么,你的爸爸妈妈在哪儿 ”他问道。
“先生,在那儿,”我指着那里的坟墓回答。
当他看到我所指的地方时,他大叫一声:“什么!”然后他拔腿就要跑。“噢!”他说,“我明白了,他们已经死了。嘿,你跟谁一起生活 但是,我是否让你活着还没决定。”
“和我姐姐在一起,先生,她是铁匠乔·葛吉瑞的妻子。”
“你说,铁匠 ”他低下头看看自己的腿,然后抱住我,用凶狠的眼光盯着我的双眼。
“你看这儿,给我带把锉刀来。你知道什么是锉刀吗 再给我弄点吃的来。”
知识拓展
①manage to 设法做成
②blacksmith n.铁匠;锻工
③gravestone n.墓碑;墓石
④marsh n.沼泽;湿地
⑤catch hold of 抓住;捉住
⑥file n.锉刀;文件;档案
素材积累
小说故事的发展大致可分成三个部分。第一部分记述了皮普在乡间的质朴的童年生活。一次偶然的机会他遇见了一名逃犯,并偷了家里的东西帮助他。不久,皮普受邀到哈维沙姆小姐的萨蒂斯大院玩耍,从此内心发生了变化。他爱上了美丽却冷漠的埃斯特拉,开始为自己的出身及亲人感到害臊。一天,皮普突然受到一位不愿透露姓名的人士的资助。被送到伦敦接受上等人的教育,他为此欣喜若狂。
故事的第二部分主要描写了皮普在伦敦接受教育的经历。由于受到上层社会势利习气的传染,皮普过着奢靡堕落的生活,道德品质也变得低下。他一直以为是哈维沙姆小姐匿名资助他接受高尚教育,然而,真正“恩人”的出现使他不得不重新面对现实。
小说最后一部分记叙了皮普保护潜逃回国的流放犯马格威奇的经历。虽然马格威奇最终难逃被捕的命运,但是在一系列的变故中,皮普最终回归人性之美,深切地体会到友情和亲情的可贵。
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