Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Using language
【学习目标】
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要词汇的基本用法。(语言能力)
2.通过对教材课文的阅读,在课文的具体情境中理解和掌握动词-ing形式作状语的用法。(语言能力)
3.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化动词-ing形式作状语的用法,并学以致用。(学习能力)
【合作探究】
新知探究
核 心 单 词
知识点1 grateful adj.感激的;感谢的 *gratefully adv.感激地;感谢地 *gratitude n.感激之情;感谢
(P41)Seeing all my family and friends in the audience applaud me, I felt so confident and grateful. 看到观众席上我所有的家人和朋友都为我鼓掌,我感到非常自信和感激。
知识拓展
be grateful to sb (for sth) (因某事)对某人很感激
be grateful to do sth 很庆幸做某事
经典佳句
He was grateful that she didn't tell his parents about the incident. 他感到庆幸的是她未将此事告诉他父母。
We would be grateful for any information you could give us. 如果你能提供信息给我们,我们将感激不尽。
易混辨析
grateful与thankful的用法区别:
(1)grateful表示感谢时,其对象比较具体,它主要用于人们在得到好处、恩惠、善待等情况下表达的感激之情。
(2)thankful表示感谢时,其对象较为抽象,含有感谢上帝、运气、命运等意味,有类似于汉语的谢天谢地之意。它主要用于表示人们因避开了危险或结束了不愉快的经历等的宽慰心情。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)I am extremely grateful all the teachers for their help.
(2)She would be (gratitude) for their company on the drive back.
答案 (1)to (2)grateful
知识点2 overcome v.(overcame,overcome)控制(感情);克服(困难)
(P41)But thanks to the support of my teacher, parents and friends, I overcame my fears, knowing that I did the best I could.但多亏了老师、父母和朋友的支持,我克服了恐惧,知道自己已经尽力了。
知识拓展
overcome difficulties/shortcomings/weaknesses 克服困难/缺点/弱点
overcome prejudices 消除成见
be overcome by (烟、毒气等)熏倒;使受不了
be overcome by hunger 因饥饿而软弱无力
be overcome with 为……所压倒/制服
be overcome with fatigue 极度疲乏
经典佳句
He struggled to overcome his shyness. 他努力克服自己的羞怯。
We can surely overcome these difficulties so long as we are closely united. 只要我们紧密地团结在一起,我们一定能克服这些困难。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)He has enough courage (overcome) the difficulty, though he is only 14 years old.
(2)Her parents were overcome grief at the funeral.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)(2023·重庆巴蜀中学月考) In addition, students need to train together, share their achievement together and together.此外,学生需要一起训练,一起分享成功,一起克服困难。
答案 (1)to overcome (2)with
(3)overcome the hardship
知识点3 absorbed adj.专心致志的 *absorb v. 吸引……的注意;使全神贯注;减轻(打击、碰击等的)作用
(P41)As soon as the curtain rose, I was absorbed.幕布一升起,我就被吸引了。
知识拓展
be absorbed in=absorb oneself in 全神贯注于;专注于
absorb/attract one's attention 吸引某人的注意力
经典佳句
With the children making so much noise outside, I can't get absorbed in my study. 孩子们在外面弄出了那么大的噪声,我不能专心于学习。
Gas bags in a car can absorb the impact of the crash. 汽车中的气囊可减轻撞车时的冲击力。
名师点拨
表示“专注于;专心于”的短语还有be lost in、focus/concentrate on、fix/concentrate one's attention on、be buried in、bury oneself in等。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)He was so (absorb) in thought that he ran against a passerby.
(2) (absorb) in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.
(3)I decided to concentrate my efforts finding a good job.
Ⅱ.一句多译
(4)昨晚约翰沉浸在科幻小说中。
→John the science fiction last night.
→John the science fiction last night.
→John the science fiction last night.
答案 (1)absorbed (2)Absorbed (3)on (4)was lost in; was buried in; was absorbed in
知识点4 appealing adj.有吸引力的;有趣的;恳求的 *appeal v.呼吁;恳求;有感染力;有吸引力 n.呼吁;吸引力;申诉
(P42)Leopards are such appealing creatures and the cubs are adorable! 豹子是如此吸引人的动物,幼兽是如此可爱!
知识拓展
be appealing to sb 对某人有吸引力
an appealing expression/tone 恳求的表情/语气
make/launch an appeal (to sb) for sth 为某事(向某人)发出呼吁
appeal to sb to do sth 呼吁某人做某事
appeal to sb for help 向某人求助
appeal to sb 对某人有吸引力
appeal against 上诉;申诉
图解释义
The kids found the smells from their mother's dinner quite appealing. 孩子们觉得母亲做的晚餐香味诱人。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
(1)I think what appeals me about the painting is the colors he uses.
(2)He made an appeal other leaders to donate the cause.
Ⅱ.单句写作
(3)It's suggested that the government (呼吁) the citizens to save water.
(4)The police (向……呼吁) the public to remain calm.
(5)The design has (吸引) all ages and social groups.
答案 (1)to (2)to; for (3)(should) appeal to (4)made/launch an appeal to (5)appealed to
语法探究
动词-ing形式作状语
自主探究
阅读下列句子,并注意黑体部分的用法。
1.Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, turning the old town into a dreamland.
2.Hearing the news,they all jumped for joy.
3.He hurried home, looking behind from time to time as he went.
4.Having finished the letter, I went out to post it.
5.Having been shown around the factory, they returned to school.
6.Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait.
我的发现
通过观察以上句子,我们可以将动词-ing形式作状语的用法作如下总结:
(1)动词-ing形式的一般式:动词-ing形式的一般式作状语时,与逻辑主语是 关系。动词-ing形式可以作结果、时间、原因、伴随或方式等状语。
(2)动词-ing形式的完成式:如果动词-ing形式所表示的动作发生在谓语所表示的动作之前,就要用动词-ing形式的完成式,即 。此时的动词-ing形式一般在句中作时间或原因状语。
(3)动词-ing形式的否定式:为了表达动词-ing形式的否定意义,须在动词-ing形式的前面加not。
答案 (1)主谓 (2)having done
探究点1 动词-ing形式作状语时其形式的选择
形式 内在含义
doing 与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,与句中谓语动作同时发生,或几乎同时发生
having done 与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,先于谓语动作发生
Reading carefully, he found something he hadn't known before.仔细阅读时,他发现了一些他以前不知道的东西。
Having finished his homework, he went to bed.完成作业后,他上床睡觉了。
注意:动词-ing形式作状语时,其逻辑主语是句子的主语,并且逻辑主语与构成分词的动词为主谓关系。
探究点2 动词-ing形式作状语的语法功能
1.作时间状语
When walking down(=When I was walking down) the street, I came across David. 沿街散步时,我偶然遇到了大卫。
When chatting with her(=When I was chatting with her), I found she had a gift for art. 和她聊天时,我发现她有艺术天赋。
2.作原因状语
Respecting his father(=Because he respected his father), he didn't want to argue with his father. 因为他尊重他的父亲,所以他不想和他父亲争论。
Not knowing her address(=As I don't know her address), I had better telephone her to come over.由于不知道她的地址,我最好还是打电话让她过来。
3.作条件状语
Working hard(=If you work hard), you'll surely succeed.如果你努力工作,你就一定会成功。
Going straight down the road(=If you go straight down the road), you will find the canteen. 沿着这条路一直走,你就会找到食堂。
4.作结果状语
He comes home very late every evening, making his wife very angry(=and it makes his wife very angry).他每天晚上回家都很晚,这使他妻子很生气。
5.作让步状语
Knowing where I live(=Though he knows where I live), he never comes to see me.尽管他知道我住哪儿,但他从不来看我。
Having tried many times(=Though he had tried many times), he still couldn't overcome his difficulties.尽管尝试了多次,他仍不能克服困难。
6.动词-ing形式作方式或伴随状语
Morris lay on the grass, staring at the sky (=and stared at the sky).莫里斯躺在草地上,望着天空。
He came running back to tell me the news.他跑回来告诉我这个消息。
名师点拨
动词-ing形式作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语时,相当于与之对应的状语从句。动词-ing形式作伴随状语及结果状语时,可转化为并列谓语。
探究点3 动词-ing形式作状语须注意的问题
1.独立主格结构
动词-ing形式作状语,有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑主语,这种结构称为独立主格结构,通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况,也可以表示时间、原因或条件等。
Weather permitting, we will go out for an outing.如果天气允许,我们会出去远足。
The girl staring at him, he didn't know what to say.姑娘盯着他看,他不知道说什么好。
2.评论性状语
有些动词-ing形式作状语,其在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在,用来修饰主句,表明说话者的态度、观点等,这种被称为评论性状语,如generally/strictly/frankly speaking、judging from、considering、supposing、providing等。
Generally speaking, girls are more interested in literature than boys. 一般来说,女孩比男孩对文学更感兴趣。
【随堂检测】
Ⅰ.句型转换
1.When he was walking along the street, he heard his name called.
→ , he heard his name called.
2.Because she hadn't received his reply, she decided to write a second letter.
→ his reply, she decided to write a second letter.
3.His parents sat in the sofa and they were watching TV.
→His parents sat in the sofa, .
4.If you stand on the top of the hill, you will see the whole city.
→ , you will see the whole city.
5.The teacher went out of the office and left me alone in the office.
→The teacher went out of the office, in the office.
答案 1.Walking along the street 2.Not having received 3.watching TV 4.Standing on the top of the hill 5.leaving me alone
Ⅱ.根据汉语提示用动词-ing形式完成句子
1. (我正在大街上行走时),I met an old friend of mine.
2. (坦率地说),the resources in the world are very limited.
3. (由于年龄太大),he can't calculate the result quickly.
4. (如果开车太快),you will damage the car.
5.The missing boy was last seen (在河边玩耍).
6.Our maths teacher gave a further explanation, (使这个问题解决起来更容易).
答案 1.Walking in the street 2.Frankly speaking
3.Being too old 4.Driving too fast 5.playing near the river 6.making it easier to work out this problem
Ⅲ.用括号内动词的适当形式填空
Last weekend,I 1. (walk) into our local bookshop.2. (buy) a book,I decided 3. (take) the bus home,because it was quite a long walk.
When 4. (get) on the bus,I was 5. (surprise) to see an old friend of mine.We started 6. (talk) and I hardly realized that I had arrived at my stop.7. (stand) up,I cried,“Please wait! This is my stop!” I got off the bus,8. (smile) happily.Then,suddenly 9. (realize) I had left my book behind on the bus,I shouted,“Stop,please!” But it was too late.The bus had gone away,10. (take) my book with it.
答案 1.walked 2.Having bought 3.to take
4.getting 5.surprised 6.talking/to talk 7.Standing
8.smiling 9.realizing 10.taking
2(共29张PPT)
Unit 4 Stage and screen
Section Ⅱ Using language
1.通过对教材的理解,了解重要词汇的基本用法。（语言能力）
2.通过对教材课文的阅读,在课文的具体情境中理解和掌握动词-ing形式作状语的用法。（语言能力）
3.通过导学案的套用,以练促学,巩固内化动词-ing形式作状语的用法,并学以致用。（学习能力）
核心单词
知识点1 grateful adj.感激的；感谢的 ＊gratefully adv.感激地；感谢地 ＊gratitude n.感激之情；感谢
（P41）Seeing all my family and friends in the audience applaud me， I felt so confident and grateful. 看到观众席上我所有的家人和朋友都为我鼓掌，我感到非常自信和感激。
知识拓展
be grateful to sb （for sth） （因某事）对某人很感激
be grateful to do sth 很庆幸做某事
经典佳句
He was grateful that she didn't tell his parents about the incident. 他感到庆幸的是她未将此事告诉他父母。
We would be grateful for any information you could give us. 如果你能提供信息给我们，我们将感激不尽。
易混辨析
grateful与thankful的用法区别：
（1）grateful表示感谢时，其对象比较具体，它主要用于人们在得到好处、恩惠、善待等情况下表达的感激之情。
（2）thankful表示感谢时，其对象较为抽象，含有感谢上帝、运气、命运等意味，有类似于汉语的谢天谢地之意。它主要用于表示人们因避开了危险或结束了不愉快的经历等的宽慰心情。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）I am extremely grateful ___ all the teachers for their help.
to
（2）She would be ________ （gratitude） for their company on the drive back.
grateful
知识点2 overcome v.（overcame，overcome）控制（感情）；克服（困难）
（P41）But thanks to the support of my teacher, parents and friends, I overcame my fears, knowing that I did the best I could.但多亏了老师、父母和朋友的支持，我克服了恐惧，知道自己已经尽力了。
知识拓展
overcome difficulties/shortcomings/weaknesses 克服困难/缺点/弱点
overcome prejudices 消除成见
be overcome by （烟、毒气等）熏倒；使受不了
be overcome by hunger 因饥饿而软弱无力
be overcome with 为……所压倒/制服
be overcome with fatigue 极度疲乏
经典佳句
He struggled to overcome his shyness. 他努力克服自己的羞怯。
We can surely overcome these difficulties so long as we are closely united. 只要我们紧密地团结在一起，我们一定能克服这些困难。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）He has enough courage ____________（overcome） the difficulty， though he
is only 14 years old.
to overcome
（2）Her parents were overcome _____ grief at the funeral.
with
Ⅱ.单句写作
（3）（2023·重庆巴蜀中学月考）In addition, students need to train together, share
their achievement together and _____________________ together.此外，学生需要一起
训练，一起分享成功，一起克服困难。
overcome the hardship
知识点3 absorbed adj.专心致志的 ＊absorb v.吸引……的注意；使全神贯注；减轻（打击、碰击等的）作用
（P41）As soon as the curtain rose, I was absorbed.幕布一升起,我就被吸引了。
知识拓展
be absorbed in=absorb oneself in 全神贯注于；专注于
absorb/attract one's attention 吸引某人的注意力
经典佳句
With the children making so much noise outside, I can't get absorbed in my study. 孩子们在外面弄出了那么大的噪声，我不能专心于学习。
Gas bags in a car can absorb the impact of the crash. 汽车中的气囊可减轻撞车时的冲击力。
名师点拨
表示“专注于；专心于”的短语还有be lost in、focus/concentrate on、fix/concentrate one's attention on、be buried in、bury oneself in等。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）He was so _________ （absorb） in thought that he ran against a passerby.
absorbed
（2）__________ （absorb） in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.
Absorbed
（3）I decided to concentrate my efforts ____ finding a good job.
on
Ⅱ.一句多译
（4）昨晚约翰沉浸在科幻小说中。
→John ___________ the science fiction last night.
→John _____________ the science fiction last night.
→John ________________ the science fiction last night.
was lost in
was buried in
was absorbed in
知识点4 appealing adj.有吸引力的；有趣的；恳求的 ＊appeal v.呼吁；恳求；有感染力；有吸引力 n.呼吁；吸引力；申诉
（P42）Leopards are such appealing creatures and the cubs are adorable! 豹子是如此吸引人的动物,幼兽是如此可爱！
知识拓展
be appealing to sb 对某人有吸引力
an appealing expression/tone 恳求的表情/语气
make/launch an appeal （to sb） for sth 为某事（向某人）发出呼吁
appeal to sb to do sth 呼吁某人做某事
appeal to sb for help 向某人求助
appeal to sb 对某人有吸引力
appeal against 上诉；申诉
图解释义
The kids found the smells from their mother's dinner quite appealing. 孩子们觉得母亲做的晚餐香味诱人。
融会应用
Ⅰ.单句填空
（1）I think what appeals ___ me about the painting is the colors he uses.
to
（2）He made an appeal ___ other leaders to donate ____ the cause.
to
for
Ⅱ.单句写作
（3）It's suggested that the government ____________________ （呼吁） the citizens
to save water.
（should） appeal to
（4）The police ________________________ （向……呼吁） the public to remain
calm.
made/launch an appeal to
（5）The design has ___________ （吸引） all ages and social groups.
appealed to
动词-ing形式作状语
自主探究
阅读下列句子,并注意黑体部分的用法。
1.Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, turning the old town into a dreamland.
2.Hearing the news,they all jumped for joy.
3.He hurried home, looking behind from time to time as he went.
4.Having finished the letter, I went out to post it.
5.Having been shown around the factory, they returned to school.
6.Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait.
我的发现 通过观察以上句子,我们可以将动词-ing形式作状语的用法作如下总结：
（1）动词-ing形式的一般式：动词-ing形式的一般式作状语时,与逻辑主语是______关
系。动词-ing形式可以作结果、时间、原因、伴随或方式等状语。
主谓
（2）动词-ing形式的完成式：如果动词-ing形式所表示的动作发生在谓语所表示的动
作之前,就要用动词-ing形式的完成式,即____________。此时的动词-ing形式一般在句
中作时间或原因状语。
having done
（3）动词-ing形式的否定式：为了表达动词-ing形式的否定意义,须在动词-ing形式的前面加not。
探究点1 动词-ing形式作状语时其形式的选择
形式 内在含义
doing 与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动作同时发
生，或几乎同时发生
having done 与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动作发生
Reading carefully, he found something he hadn't known before.仔细阅读时，他发现了一些他以前不知道的东西。
Having finished his homework, he went to bed.完成作业后，他上床睡觉了。
注意：动词-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，并且逻辑主语与构成分词的动词为主谓关系。
探究点2 动词-ing形式作状语的语法功能
1.作时间状语
When walking down（=When I was walking down） the street, I came across David. 沿街散步时，我偶然遇到了大卫。
When chatting with her（=When I was chatting with her）, I found she had a gift for art. 和她聊天时，我发现她有艺术天赋。
2.作原因状语
Respecting his father（=Because he respected his father）, he didn't want to argue with his father. 因为他尊重他的父亲，所以他不想和他父亲争论。
Not knowing her address（=As I don't know her address）, I had better telephone her to come over.由于不知道她的地址，我最好还是打电话让她过来。
3.作条件状语
Working hard（=If you work hard）, you'll surely succeed.如果你努力工作，你就一定会成功。
Going straight down the road（=If you go straight down the road）, you will find the canteen. 沿着这条路一直走，你就会找到食堂。
4.作结果状语
He comes home very late every evening, making his wife very angry（=and it makes his wife very angry）.他每天晚上回家都很晚，这使他妻子很生气。
5.作让步状语
Knowing where I live（=Though he knows where I live）, he never comes to see me.尽管他知道我住哪儿，但他从不来看我。
Having tried many times（=Though he had tried many times）, he still couldn't overcome his difficulties.尽管尝试了多次，他仍不能克服困难。
6.动词-ing形式作方式或伴随状语
Morris lay on the grass, staring at the sky （=and stared at the sky）.莫里斯躺在草地上，望着天空。
He came running back to tell me the news.他跑回来告诉我这个消息。
名师点拨
动词-ing形式作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语时，相当于与之对应的状语从句。动词-ing形式作伴随状语及结果状语时，可转化为并列谓语。
探究点3 动词-ing形式作状语须注意的问题
1.独立主格结构
动词-ing形式作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件等。
Weather permitting, we will go out for an outing.如果天气允许，我们会出去远足。
The girl staring at him, he didn't know what to say.姑娘盯着他看，他不知道说什么好。
2.评论性状语
有些动词-ing形式作状语，其在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，用来修饰主句，表明说话者的态度、观点等，这种被称为评论性状语，如generally/strictly/frankly speaking、judging from、considering、supposing、providing等。
Generally speaking, girls are more interested in literature than boys. 一般来说，女孩比男孩对文学更感兴趣。
Ⅰ.句型转换
1.When he was walking along the street, he heard his name called.
→_______________________, he heard his name called.
Walking along the street
2.Because she hadn't received his reply, she decided to write a second letter.
→___________________ his reply, she decided to write a second letter.
Not having received
3.His parents sat in the sofa and they were watching TV.
→His parents sat in the sofa, _____________.
watching TV
4.If you stand on the top of the hill, you will see the whole city.
→_____________________________, you will see the whole city.
Standing on the top of the hill
5.The teacher went out of the office and left me alone in the office.
→The teacher went out of the office, ________________ in the office.
leaving me alone
Ⅱ.根据汉语提示用动词-ing形式完成句子
1.____________________（我正在大街上行走时），I met an old friend of mine.
Walking in the street
2.________________（坦率地说），the resources in the world are very limited.
Frankly speaking
3.______________ （由于年龄太大），he can't calculate the result quickly.
Being too old
4._______________ （如果开车太快），you will damage the car.
Driving too fast
5.The missing boy was last seen ____________________ （在河边玩耍）.
playing near the river
6.Our maths teacher gave a further explanation，________________________________
______（使这个问题解决起来更容易）.
making it easier to work out this problem
Ⅲ.用括号内动词的适当形式填空
Last weekend，I 1._______（walk） into our local bookshop.2.______________
（buy） a book，I decided 3.________（take） the bus home，because it was quite
a long walk.
When 4._______（get） on the bus，I was 5._________（surprise） to see an
old friend of mine. We started 6._____________（talk） and I hardly realized that I
had arrived at my stop.7._________（stand） up，I cried，“Please wait! This is my
stop！” I got off the bus，8.________（smile） happily. Then，suddenly 9._________
（realize） I had left my book behind on the bus，I shouted，“Stop，please！” But
it was too late. The bus had gone away，10._______（take） my book with it.
walked
Having bought
to take
getting
surprised
talking/to talk
Standing
smiling
realizing
taking
