Unit 6 Section Ⅲ Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
【学习目标】
1.了解课文大意;培养略读和查读等阅读能力。(语言能力,思维品质)
2.理解并能够自主运用重要语言点,如单词、短语和句式等的用法。(语言能力)
3.通过阅读熟悉劝说信的文体特征,并掌握其写作方法及策略。(语言能力,学习能力)
【合作探究】
语篇研读
Step 1 文本整体理解,关注布局谋篇
Read the passage on Pages 68-69 and fill in the blanks.
答案 1.half 2.false 3.bad 4.stand-by 5.Production 6.better
Step 2 细读课文,明确教材细节
Read the passage on Pages 68-69 and choose the best answers.
1.According to the passage,we should take when shopping.
A.a plastic bag
B.a paper bag
C.a reusable bag
2.When you turn off a device,it can .
A.protect the appliance
B.save too much energy
C.turn into stand-by mode
3.People choose to eat local food because they think .
A.it's convenient
B.it uses more energy
C.it is good for the environment
4.Whether taking a shower or taking a bath is greener depends on .
A.the temperature
B.the season
C.the amount of water we use
5.The main idea of the passage is to tell .
A.the green ways to protect environment
B.some misunderstood green truths
C.the ways to reduce living cost
答案 1~5 CCCCB
新知探究
核 心 单 词
知识点1 reduce v.减少;降低 *reduction n.减少;下降;缩小
(P66)Reduce waste by choosing reusable products... 通过选择可重复使用的产品来减少浪费……
知识拓展
reduce...to... 把……减少到……
reduce...by... 把……减少了……
be reduced to (doing) sth 沦落到……地步
图解释义
We should try to reduce the amount of salt in our diet. 我们应该试着在饮食中减少盐的摄入量。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)Though the price of the house has been reduced 10%, we can't afford it either.
(2)They were reduced to (beg) for their living.
(3)To improve the air quality, the use of private cars should (reduce).
答案 (1)by (2)begging (3)be reduced
知识点2 majority n.大多数;大部分 *major adj.主要的;重要的 vi.主修 n.少校; 主修课程;主修学生 *minority n.少数
(P68)Most of us are aware that we must take care of the environment,and the majority of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution. 我们大部分人都意识到我们必须保护环境,并且采取措施来节约能源和减少浪费和污染。
知识拓展
in a/the majority 占大多数
in a/the minority占少数
by/with a majority 以多数
major in主修
经典佳句
Only a minority of people in that city do not have a car while the people taking the subway to work are in a/the majority. 那个城市只有少数人没有车,而乘地铁去上班的人占大多数。
The majority of people interviewed prefer TV to radio. 大多数接受采访的人都喜欢看电视多于听收音机。
名师点拨
(1)majority作主语时,若侧重于整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若侧重于个体成员,谓语动词用复数形式。
(2)the/a majority of后跟可数名词复数形式作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式;后跟单数或不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)If you look at the audience at a classical concert,the (major) is over the age of fifty.
(2)The majority of the damage (be) easy to repair.
答案 (1)majority (2)is
知识点3 remove v.消除;除去;移开 *removal n.移走;去掉;消除
(P69)To make sure your appliance is in fact off, remove the plug from its power supply.为确保您的设备确实已关闭,请将插头拔离电源。
知识拓展
remove...from... 把……从……移开/除去
remove from...to... 从……搬到……
remove sb from school 学校开除某人;勒令某人退学
remove one's doubt/trouble 消除某人的疑虑/烦恼
经典佳句
The report was redrafted to remove gender-specific language.重新起草这个报告以删除带有性别特点的语言。
The air in the factory is filtered to remove impurities.工厂里的空气被过滤以去除杂质。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)To my surprise, he removed my name the name list.
(2)Three children (remove) from the school for bad behavior yesterday.
(3)Realizing her mom must be very tired after a day's work,the girl helps her mom remove the bag her shoulder.
答案 (1)from (2)were removed (3)from
知识点4 contribute v.促成;造成(某事发生) ;捐献;贡献;撰稿 *contribution n.贡献;捐献;稿件
(P72)Look at the three items that contribute to a carbon footprint.看看造成碳足迹的三类物品。
知识拓展
contribute to 促成;导致
contribute...to... 向……捐献;向……投稿
make a contribution/contributions to 对……做出贡献;向……捐款
经典佳句
Qian Xuesen contributed greatly to the development of the space industry. 钱学森为航天工业的发展做出了巨大贡献。
Every one of us should make a contribution to our society. 我们每个人都应该为社会做贡献。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)The famous writer is one of the several authors (contribute) to the book.
(2)Your suggestion has greatly contributed the accomplishment of our work.
(3)Only in this way can we make a great (contribute) to our family and our society.
答案 (1)contributing (2)to
(3)contribution
短 语 句 式
知识点5 倍数+as much/many+n.+as
(P68)However,making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. 然而,生产一个纸袋所消耗的能量是制造一个塑料袋的四倍,用水量高达三倍。
知识拓展
句中的four times as much energy as是倍数表达法,其句型为 “倍数+as much/many+n.+as”。
常见的倍数句型:
(1)...倍数+as+adj./adv.的原级+as...
(2)...倍数+adj./adv.的比较级+than...
(3)...倍数+the+性质名词(size/length/width/height/depth...) +of...
Our company has published twice as many books as we did last year.我们公司出版的书是去年的两倍。
Peter's jacket looked just the same as Jack's,but it cost twice as much as Jack's.彼得的上衣看上去和杰克的一样,但价钱却是杰克的两倍。
名师点拨
表示“两倍”时用twice或double,三倍或三倍以上用“基数词+times”表达。句子中表示倍数也可以用分数、百分数、half等。
融会应用 单句填空
(1)This hill is four times the (high) of that small one.
(2)The old railway is three times the (long) of the new one.
(3)It's said that the power plant is now twice large as what it was.
答案 (1)height (2)length (3)as
知识点6 时间状语从句的省略形式
(P71)Order less and take leftover food home when dining in restaurants. 在饭店吃饭时少点些菜并把剩下的食物带回家。
知识拓展
when dining in restaurants是时间状语从句when you dine in restaurants的省略形式。当时间状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致时,通常可将从句中主语省略,连词后直接跟动词-ing形式。
While (I was) waiting for the bus, I met an old friend.在等公共汽车时,我遇到了一个老朋友。
融会应用 单句写作
(1)When outdoors, the father felt very happy. 当和他的孩子们在户外玩耍时,这位父亲感到非常幸福。
(2) ,he found a job in a translation company.大学毕业后,他在一家翻译公司找到了一份工作。
答案 (1)playing with his children (2)After graduating from the college
写作探究
劝 说 信
本单元的写作任务是劝说信。劝说信的写作内容常常是向某个组织或个人提出劝说性的建议。写作时,要提出建议,并给出充分的理由劝说对方接受你的建议,提出的理由要合情合理,用词要得体,既要委婉礼貌,又要有说服力。
探究点1 教材范例提炼
课文范例
素材积累
Ⅰ.常用词汇
1.give rise to the traffic problems 引起交通问题
2.live up to my parents' expectations 不辜负我父母的期望
3.pass our love and friendship to others 把我们的爱和友谊传递给别人
4.take some measures to protect rare animals 采取措施保护稀有动物
5.use public transport as much as possible 尽可能多使用公共交通
6.make a contribution to protecting the environment 为保护环境做贡献
Ⅱ.话题句式
★精彩开头
As is known to us all, time waits for no man. 我们大家都知道,时间不等人。
I'm writing to call on everyone to take physical exercise regularly. 我写信呼吁大家经常进行体育锻炼。
It is well known that the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe due to global warming. 众所周知,由于全球变暖,全球水资源短缺问题正变得日益严重。
★丰满主体
I make an urgent appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation. 我急切呼吁采取措施应对现状。
As far as I'm concerned, it would be wise to take the following action. 在我看来,采取如下行动是明智的。
Many trees are being cut down and more and more forests are lost, making animals lose their homes. 许多树木被砍伐,越来越多的森林在消失,这使得动物们失去了它们的家园。
★余味结尾
It's high time we protected our environment from being polluted. 确实到了我们保护环境免遭污染的时候了。
Only in these ways can we definitely make our school a nicer place. 只有以这些方式我们才能让我们的校园更加美好。
If we take action now, we can make a big difference to the world. 如果现在行动起来,我们就能对这个世界产生重大影响。
探究点2 写作应用体验
写作典例
假定你是李华,请你给你校所有学生写一封劝说信,说明环境的重要性和现在存在的问题,并提出合理建议,希望同学们行动起来保护环境。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
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分步推进
Step 1 审题谋篇
写作要求是给全体同学写一封信,劝他们行动起来,共同保护环境。写作时应注意下面几点:
1.确定文体:这是一篇应用文,是学生熟悉的书信,写作中应注意书信的常规格式。
2.主体时态:文章应以一般现在时为主。
3.主体人称:人称应该以第一人称为主。
第一段:应开门见山,引入话题。
第二段:阐述理由,给出建议。
第三段:总结全文,发出呼吁。
Step 2 要点翻译
1.词汇翻译
(1)照顾
(2)污染n.
(3)灾难n.
(4)环境n.
(5)循环利用n.
(6)对……做出贡献
答案 (1)take care of (2)pollution (3)disaster (4)environment (5)recycle (6)make a contribution to
2.句子翻译
(1)我们都生活在地球上,这儿是我们的家园。(用定语从句)
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(2)我们只有一个地球。
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(3)我们必须照顾好地球。
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(4)保护环境是我们的责任。(it作形式主语)
_______________________________________________________________________________
(5)我们应该要求政府控制来自工厂的污染。(ask)
_______________________________________________________________________________
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(6)如果每个人对环境保护做出贡献,地球将变得更加美丽。(条件状语从句)
_______________________________________________________________________________
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答案
(1)We all live on the earth which is our home.
(2)We have only one earth.
(3)We must take good care of the earth.
(4)It's our duty to protect our environment.
(5)We should ask our government to control the pollution from the factories.
(6)If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment,the earth will become much more beautiful.
Step 3 句式升级
1.用so将句(2)和句(3)合成一句话
_______________________________________________________________________________
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2.用定语从句改写句(5)
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答案
1.We have only one earth so we must take good care of it.
2.We should ask our government to control the pollution which is from the factories.
Step 4 连句成篇
利用以上几个句子,加上恰当的连接词和过渡句,必要时可以改变句式,使之成为一篇连贯的文章。
参考范文
Dear Students,
We all live on the earth which is our home. We have only one earth so we must take good care of it.
Thus, it's our duty to protect our environment. First, we should save every drop of water, such as turning off the tap after using it. Second, we should save energy, such as turning off the lights when we leave,doing more walking and so on. Third,we should ask our government to control the pollution which is from the factories.
Let's act now to save our environment. If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment, the earth will become much more beautiful.
Yours,
Li Hua
【随堂检测】
主题写作
假定你是李华,你的朋友Jim来信说他最近喜欢玩手机,无论什么时候都离不开手机。请你给他写封回信,说一说过度使用手机的弊端,并劝说他少玩手机。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
I am glad that you are willing to tell me something in your life.
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Yours,
Li Hua
参考范文
Dear Jim,
I am glad that you are willing to tell me something in your life. You told me you like playing with the cellphone recently and you feel you won't live without the cellphone. I advise you to learn to control yourself and try not to play with the cellphone so frequently.
At first, it's a waste of time to spend too much time playing with the cellphone. If you play with the cellphone frequently, you will have no time to do your homework, and your study will be affected. Furthermore, your eyesight will be affected, too. Besides, playing with the cellphone on the streets is very dangerous.
I hope you can spend less time on the cellphone, and spend time on something meaningful.
Yours,
Li Hua
【课外拓展】
视野拓展
1.This TV show about wildlife is mainly targeted at the factories which have been polluting the environment. 这个关于野生动物的电视节目主要针对那些一直在污染环境的工厂。
2.Our English teacher is so devoted to her English teaching that I admire her for her devotion.我们的英语老师深爱英语教学,我对她的奉献感到敬佩。
3.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snacks and will improve the taste of food. 膳食中有足够的脂肪和盐会减少吃零食的欲望,并提高你的食欲。
4.Lang Ping has been a volleyball star for years. She has contributed greatly to the sport, which has made her the most popular figure in China's volleyball history. 多年来,郎平一直是排球明星,她为这项运动做出了巨大的贡献,这使她成为中国排球史上最受欢迎的人物。
英美文化
美篇导读
《汤姆叔叔的小屋》是美国作家哈里特·比彻·斯托(斯托夫人)于1852年发表的一部反奴隶制小说。这部小说中关于非裔美国人与美国奴隶制度的观点对当时的社会产生了深远的影响,并在某种程度上激化了导致美国内战的地区局部冲突,是19世纪的畅销小说之一。
美篇呈现
Uncle Tom's Cabin (Excerpt)
At this moment, the door was pushed gently open,and a young quadroon woman, apparently① about twenty-five, entered the room.
There needed only a glance from the child to her,to identify② her as its mother.There was the same rich,full, dark eye, with its long lashes; the same ripples③ of silky black hair.The brown of her complexion④ gave way on the cheek to a perceptible flush, which deepened as she saw the gaze⑤ of the strange man fixed upon her in bold and undisguised admiration.Her dress was of the neatest possible fit, and set off to advantage her finely moulded shape;—a delicately⑥ formed hand and a trim foot and ankle were items of appearance that did not escape the quick eye of the trader, well used to run up at a glance the points of a fine female article.
“Well, Eliza ”said her master, as she stopped and looked hesitatingly at him.
“I was looking for Harry, please, sir;”and the boy bounded toward her, showing his spoils, which he had gathered in the skirt of his robe.
“Well, take him away then,”said Mr Shelby; and hastily she withdrew, carrying the child on her arm.
“By Jupiter,”said the trader, turning to him in admiration, “there's an article, now!You might make your fortune on that ar gal in Orleans, any day.I've seen over a thousand, in my day, paid down for gals not a bit handsomer.”
“I don't want to make my fortune on her,”said Mr Shelby, dryly; and, seeking to turn the conversation,he uncorked a bottle of fresh wine, and asked his companion's opinion of it.
“Capital, sir,—first chop!”said the trader; then turning, and slapping his hand familiarly on Shelby's shoulder, he added—
“Come, how will you trade about the gal —what shall I say for her—what'll you take ”
“Mr Haley, she is not to be sold,”said Shelby.“My wife would not part with her for her weight in gold.”
“Ay, ay!Women always say such things, cause they ha'nt no sort of calculation.Just show'em how many watches, feathers, and trinkets, one's weight in gold would buy, and that alters the case, I reckon.”
“I tell you, Haley, this must not be spoken of; I say no, and I mean no,”said Shelby,decidedly.
汤姆叔叔的小屋(节选)
正在此时,门被轻轻地推开了,一位大约二十五岁的年轻的第二代混血女子走进了房间。
这个女子一看就是那孩子的母亲。她的黑眼睛同样柔和,长长的睫毛,纤细的卷发似波浪般起伏。当她发现一个陌生男子如此大胆且毫不掩饰地以一种赞赏的目光盯着她看时,她那棕黄色的面庞上泛起了一抹红晕。她整洁、合体的衣着更加衬托出身段的苗条,她那纤纤细手以及匀称的脚踝使她的外表更加端庄。奴隶贩子以敏锐的眼睛贪婪地观察着,女黑奴那娇美的身体的主要部分被看得一清二楚,这一切都没能逃过奴隶贩子的眼睛。
“伊丽莎,有事吗 ”看着她欲言又止的样子,希尔比先生问道。
“对不起,先生,我在找哈里。”孩子跑到母亲面前,并拿出衣兜中的战利品向母亲炫耀着。
“那你就带他走吧。”希尔比先生说。她抱起孩子,匆匆忙忙走了出去。
“老天!真是好货色,”奴隶贩子向希尔比称赞道,“随便你什么时间将这个女人送到奥尔良,都会赚一大笔钱。我见过有个人花一千多块买了一个女奴,但那女奴的姿色可是不能和这个女人相媲美的。”
“我可不想靠她来发财。”希尔比冷冷地回答道。他又打开一瓶酒,岔开了话题,并问对方对酒的评价。
“味道很好,希尔比先生,酒是上等的酒!”奴隶贩子称赞道,然后转过身来像熟人似的拍着希尔比的肩又说,“哎,把那女奴隶卖给我行吗 我出什么价你能接受 你要价多少 ”
“赫利先生,我不会卖掉她的,”希尔比先生说,“即使你付与她同样重的金子,我妻子也不会答应让她走的。”
“哎,女人总是这样小家子气,因为她们算不清账。如果你告诉她们,那么重的金子能买多少块钟表,多少个小饰物,她们就会改变主意,不再那样说了。”
希尔比先生语气坚定地说:“赫利,我说不行,就是不行。你不要再提这件事了。”
知识积累
①apparently adv.看来;显然
②identify vt.确定
③ripple n.波纹
④complexion n.肤色
⑤gaze vt.注视
⑥delicately adv.纤细地
素养链接
《汤姆叔叔的小屋》这部小说被认为是刺激19世纪50年代废奴主义兴起的一大原因。《汤姆叔叔的小屋》对美国社会的影响是如此巨大,以至于在南北战争爆发的初期,林肯接见斯托夫人时说:“你就是那位引发了一场大战的小妇人。” 后来,这句话为众多作家引用。
2(共52张PPT)
Unit 6 Earth first
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
1.了解课文大意；培养略读和查读等阅读能力。（语言能力，思维品质）
2.理解并能够自主运用重要语言点,如单词、短语和句式等的用法。（语言能力）
3.通过阅读熟悉劝说信的文体特征,并掌握其写作方法及策略。（语言能力，学习能力）
Step 1 文本整体理解，关注布局谋篇
Read the passage on Pages 68-69 and fill in the blanks.
half
false
bad
stand-by
Production
better
Step 2 细读课文，明确教材细节
Read the passage on Pages 68-69 and choose the best answers.
1.According to the passage，we should take ___when shopping.
C
A.a plastic bag B.a paper bag C.a reusable bag
2.When you turn off a device，it can ___.
C
A.protect the appliance B.save too much energy C.turn into stand-by mode
3.People choose to eat local food because they think ___.
C
A.it's convenient
B.it uses more energy
C.it is good for the environment
4.Whether taking a shower or taking a bath is greener depends on ___.
C
A.the temperature B.the season C.the amount of water we use
5.The main idea of the passage is to tell ___.
B
A.the green ways to protect environment
B.some misunderstood green truths
C.the ways to reduce living cost
核心单词
知识点1 reduce v.减少；降低 ＊reduction n.减少；下降；缩小
（P66）Reduce waste by choosing reusable products... 通过选择可重复使用的产品来减少浪费……
知识拓展
reduce...to... 把……减少到……
reduce...by... 把……减少了……
be reduced to （doing） sth 沦落到……地步
图解释义
We should try to reduce the amount of salt in our diet. 我们应该试着在饮食中减少盐的摄入量。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）Though the price of the house has been reduced ____ 10%, we can't afford it
either.
by
（2）They were reduced to ________ （beg） for their living.
begging
（3）To improve the air quality, the use of private cars should ___________
（reduce）.
be reduced
知识点2 majority n.大多数；大部分＊major adj.主要的；重要的 vi.主修 n.少校；主修课程；主修学生 ＊minority n.少数
（P68）Most of us are aware that we must take care of the environment，and the majority of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution. 我们大部分人都意识到我们必须保护环境，并且采取措施来节约能源和减少浪费和污染。
知识拓展
in a/the majority 占大多数
in a/the minority占少数
by/with a majority 以多数
major in主修
经典佳句
Only a minority of people in that city do not have a car while the people taking the subway to work are in a/the majority. 那个城市只有少数人没有车，而乘地铁去上班的人占大多数。
The majority of people interviewed prefer TV to radio. 大多数接受采访的人都喜欢看电视多于听收音机。
名师点拨
（1）majority作主语时，若侧重于整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若侧重于个体成员，谓语动词用复数形式。
（2）the/a majority of后跟可数名词复数形式作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；后跟单数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）If you look at the audience at a classical concert，the ________（major） is
over the age of fifty.
majority
（2）The majority of the damage ___（be） easy to repair.
is
知识点3 remove v.消除；除去；移开 ＊removal n.移走；去掉；消除
（P69）To make sure your appliance is in fact off, remove the plug from its power supply.为确保您的设备确实已关闭，请将插头拔离电源。
知识拓展
remove...from... 把……从……移开/除去
remove from...to... 从……搬到……
remove sb from school 学校开除某人；勒令某人退学
remove one's doubt/trouble 消除某人的疑虑/烦恼
经典佳句
The report was redrafted to remove gender-specific language.重新起草这个报告以删除带有性别特点的语言。
The air in the factory is filtered to remove impurities.工厂里的空气被过滤以去除杂质。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）To my surprise, he removed my name ______ the name list.
from
（2）Three children ______________（remove） from the school for bad behavior
yesterday.
were removed
（3）Realizing her mom must be very tired after a day's work，the girl helps her
mom remove the bag ______ her shoulder.
from
知识点4 contribute v.促成；造成（某事发生）；捐献；贡献；撰稿＊contribution n.贡献；捐献；稿件
（P72）Look at the three items that contribute to a carbon footprint.看看造成碳足迹的三类物品。
知识拓展
contribute to 促成；导致
contribute...to... 向……捐献；向……投稿
make a contribution/contributions to 对……做出贡献；向……捐款
经典佳句
Qian Xuesen contributed greatly to the development of the space industry. 钱学森为航天工业的发展做出了巨大贡献。
Every one of us should make a contribution to our society. 我们每个人都应该为社会做贡献。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）The famous writer is one of the several authors ___________ （contribute） to
the book.
contributing
（2）Your suggestion has greatly contributed ___ the accomplishment of our work.
to
（3）Only in this way can we make a great ___________ （contribute） to our
family and our society.
contribution
短语句式
知识点5 倍数+as much/many+n.+as
（P68）However，making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. 然而，生产一个纸袋所消耗的能量是制造一个塑料袋的四倍，用水量高达三倍。
知识拓展
句中的four times as much energy as是倍数表达法，其句型为 “倍数+as much/many+n.+as”。
常见的倍数句型：
（1）...倍数+as+adj./adv.的原级+as...
（2）...倍数+adj./adv.的比较级+than...
（3）...倍数+the+性质名词（size/length/width/height/depth...） +of...
Our company has published twice as many books as we did last year.我们公司出版的书是去年的两倍。
Peter's jacket looked just the same as Jack's，but it cost twice as much as Jack's.彼得的上衣看上去和杰克的一样，但价钱却是杰克的两倍。
名师点拨
表示“两倍”时用twice或double，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词+times”表达。句子中表示倍数也可以用分数、百分数、half等。
融会应用 单句填空
（1）This hill is four times the _______ （high） of that small one.
height
（2）The old railway is three times the _______ （long） of the new one.
length
（3）It's said that the power plant is now twice ___ large as what it was.
as
知识点6 时间状语从句的省略形式
（P71）Order less and take leftover food home when dining in restaurants. 在饭店吃饭时少点些菜并把剩下的食物带回家。
知识拓展
when dining in restaurants是时间状语从句when you dine in restaurants的省略形式。当时间状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致时，通常可将从句中主语省略，连词后直接跟动词-ing形式。
While （I was） waiting for the bus, I met an old friend.在等公共汽车时，我遇到了一个老朋友。
融会应用 单句写作
（1）When _______________________ outdoors, the father felt very happy. 当和他的
孩子们在户外玩耍时，这位父亲感到非常幸福。
playing with his children
（2）_______________________________，he found a job in a translation company.
大学毕业后，他在一家翻译公司找到了一份工作。
After graduating from the college
劝说信
本单元的写作任务是劝说信。劝说信的写作内容常常是向某个组织或个人提出劝说性的建议。写作时,要提出建议,并给出充分的理由劝说对方接受你的建议,提出的理由要合情合理,用词要得体,既要委婉礼貌,又要有说服力。
探究点1 教材范例提炼
课文范例
素材积累
Ⅰ.常用词汇
1.give rise to the traffic problems 引起交通问题
2.live up to my parents' expectations 不辜负我父母的期望
3.pass our love and friendship to others 把我们的爱和友谊传递给别人
4.take some measures to protect rare animals 采取措施保护稀有动物
5.use public transport as much as possible 尽可能多使用公共交通
6.make a contribution to protecting the environment 为保护环境做贡献
Ⅱ.话题句式
★精彩开头
As is known to us all, time waits for no man. 我们大家都知道，时间不等人。
I'm writing to call on everyone to take physical exercise regularly. 我写信呼吁大家经常进行体育锻炼。
It is well known that the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe due to global warming. 众所周知，由于全球变暖，全球水资源短缺问题正变得日益严重。
★丰满主体
I make an urgent appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation. 我急切呼吁采取措施应对现状。
As far as I'm concerned, it would be wise to take the following action. 在我看来，采取如下行动是明智的。
Many trees are being cut down and more and more forests are lost, making animals lose their homes. 许多树木被砍伐，越来越多的森林在消失，这使得动物们失去了它们的家园。
★余味结尾
It's high time we protected our environment from being polluted. 确实到了我们保护环境免遭污染的时候了。
Only in these ways can we definitely make our school a nicer place. 只有以这些方式我们才能让我们的校园更加美好。
If we take action now, we can make a big difference to the world. 如果现在行动起来，我们就能对这个世界产生重大影响。
探究点2 写作应用体验
写作典例
假定你是李华，请你给你校所有学生写一封劝说信，说明环境的重要性和现在存在的问题，并提出合理建议，希望同学们行动起来保护环境。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
______________________
分步推进
Step 1 审题谋篇
写作要求是给全体同学写一封信，劝他们行动起来，共同保护环境。写作时应注意下面几点：
1.确定文体：这是一篇应用文，是学生熟悉的书信，写作中应注意书信的常规格式。
2.主体时态：文章应以一般现在时为主。
3.主体人称：人称应该以第一人称为主。
第一段：应开门见山，引入话题。
第二段：阐述理由，给出建议。
第三段：总结全文，发出呼吁。
Step 2 要点翻译
1.词汇翻译
（1）照顾____________
take care of
（2）污染n._________
pollution
（3）灾难n.________
disaster
（4）环境n.____________
environment
（5）循环利用n._______
recycle
（6）对……做出贡献_____________________
make a contribution to
2.句子翻译
（1）我们都生活在地球上，这儿是我们的家园。（用定语从句）
_________________________________________
We all live on the earth which is our home.
（2）我们只有一个地球。
_______________________
We have only one earth.
（3）我们必须照顾好地球。
__________________________________
We must take good care of the earth.
（4）保护环境是我们的责任。（it作形式主语）
_____________________________________
It's our duty to protect our environment.
（5）我们应该要求政府控制来自工厂的污染。（ask）
__________________________________________________________________
We should ask our government to control the pollution from the factories.
（6）如果每个人对环境保护做出贡献，地球将变得更加美丽。（条件状语从句）
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________
If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment，the earth will become much more beautiful.
Step 3 句式升级
1.用so将句（2）和句（3）合成一句话
____________________________________________________
We have only one earth so we must take good care of it.
2.用定语从句改写句（5）
__________________________________________________________________________
We should ask our government to control the pollution which is from the factories.
Step 4 连句成篇
利用以上几个句子,加上恰当的连接词和过渡句,必要时可以改变句式,使之成为一篇连贯的文章。
[参考范文]
Dear Students,
We all live on the earth which is our home. We have only one earth so we must take good care of it.
Thus, it's our duty to protect our environment. First, we should save every drop of water, such as turning off the tap after using it. Second, we should save energy, such as turning off the lights when we leave，doing more walking and so on. Third，we should ask our government to control the pollution which is from the factories.
Let's act now to save our environment. If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment, the earth will become much more beautiful.
Yours，
Li Hua
主题写作
假定你是李华，你的朋友Jim来信说他最近喜欢玩手机，无论什么时候都离不开手机。请你给他写封回信，说一说过度使用手机的弊端，并劝说他少玩手机。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
I am glad that you are willing to tell me something in your life. ____
Yours,
Li Hua
[参考范文]
Dear Jim,
I am glad that you are willing to tell me something in your life.You told me you like playing with the cellphone recently and you feel you won't live without the cellphone. I advise you to learn to control yourself and try not to play with the cellphone so frequently.
At first, it's a waste of time to spend too much time playing with the cellphone. If you play with the cellphone frequently, you will have no time to do your homework, and your study will be affected. Furthermore, your eyesight will be affected, too. Besides, playing with the cellphone on the streets is very dangerous.
I hope you can spend less time on the cellphone, and spend time on something meaningful.
Yours,
Li Hua
1.This TV show about wildlife is mainly targeted at the factories which have been polluting the environment. 这个关于野生动物的电视节目主要针对那些一直在污染环境的工厂。
2.Our English teacher is so devoted to her English teaching that I admire her for her devotion.我们的英语老师深爱英语教学，我对她的奉献感到敬佩。
3.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snacks and will improve the taste of food. 膳食中有足够的脂肪和盐会减少吃零食的欲望，并提高你的食欲。
4.Lang Ping has been a volleyball star for years. She has contributed greatly to the sport, which has made her the most popular figure in China's volleyball history. 多年来，郎平一直是排球明星，她为这项运动做出了巨大的贡献，这使她成为中国排球史上最受欢迎的人物。
美篇导读
《汤姆叔叔的小屋》是美国作家哈里特·比彻·斯托（斯托夫人）于1852年发表的一部反奴隶制小说。这部小说中关于非裔美国人与美国奴隶制度的观点对当时的社会产生了深远的影响，并在某种程度上激化了导致美国内战的地区局部冲突，是19世纪的畅销小说之一。
美篇呈现
Uncle Tom's Cabin （Excerpt）
At this moment, the door was pushed gently open,and a young quadroon woman, apparently① about twenty-five, entered the room.
There needed only a glance from the child to her,to identify② her as its mother. There was the same rich,full, dark eye, with its long lashes； the same ripples③ of silky black hair. The brown of her complexion④ gave way on the cheek to a perceptible flush, which deepened as she saw the gaze⑤ of the strange man fixed upon her in bold and undisguised admiration. Her dress was of the neatest possible
fit, and set off to advantage her finely moulded shape；—a delicately⑥ formed hand and a trim foot and ankle were items of appearance that did not escape the quick eye of the trader, well used to run up at a glance the points of a fine female article.
“Well, Eliza ”said her master, as she stopped and looked hesitatingly at him.
“I was looking for Harry, please, sir；”and the boy bounded toward her, showing his spoils, which he had gathered in the skirt of his robe.
“Well, take him away then,”said Mr Shelby； and hastily she withdrew, carrying the child on her arm.
“By Jupiter,”said the trader, turning to him in admiration, “there's an article, now!You might make your fortune on that ar gal in Orleans, any day. I've seen over a thousand, in my day, paid down for gals not a bit handsomer.”
“I don't want to make my fortune on her,”said Mr Shelby, dryly； and, seeking to turn the conversation,he uncorked a bottle of fresh wine, and asked his companion's opinion of it.
“Capital, sir,—first chop!”said the trader； then turning, and slapping his hand familiarly on Shelby's shoulder, he added—
“Come, how will you trade about the gal —what shall I say for her—what'll you take ”
“Mr Haley, she is not to be sold,”said Shelby.“My wife would not part with her for her weight in gold.”
“Ay, ay!Women always say such things, cause they ha'nt no sort of calculation. Just show'em how many watches, feathers, and trinkets, one's weight in gold would buy, and that alters the case, I reckon.”
“I tell you, Haley, this must not be spoken of； I say no, and I mean no,”said Shelby,decidedly.
汤姆叔叔的小屋（节选）
正在此时，门被轻轻地推开了，一位大约二十五岁的年轻的第二代混血女子走进了房间。
这个女子一看就是那孩子的母亲。她的黑眼睛同样柔和，长长的睫毛，纤细的卷发似波浪般起伏。当她发现一个陌生男子如此大胆且毫不掩饰地以一种赞赏的目光盯着她看时，她那棕黄色的面庞上泛起了一抹红晕。她整洁、合体的衣着更加衬托出身段的苗条，她那纤纤细手以及匀称的脚踝使她的外表更加端庄。奴隶贩子以敏锐的眼睛贪婪地观察着，女黑奴那娇美的身体的主要部分被看得一清二楚，这一切都没能逃过奴隶贩子的眼睛。
“伊丽莎，有事吗？”看着她欲言又止的样子，希尔比先生问道。
“对不起，先生，我在找哈里。”孩子跑到母亲面前，并拿出衣兜中的战利品向母亲炫耀着。
“那你就带他走吧。”希尔比先生说。她抱起孩子，匆匆忙忙走了出去。
“老天！真是好货色，”奴隶贩子向希尔比称赞道，“随便你什么时间将这个女人送到奥尔良，都会赚一大笔钱。我见过有个人花一千多块买了一个女奴，但那女奴的姿色可是不能和这个女人相媲美的。”
“我可不想靠她来发财。”希尔比冷冷地回答道。他又打开一瓶酒，岔开了话题，并问对方对酒的评价。
“味道很好，希尔比先生，酒是上等的酒！”奴隶贩子称赞道，然后转过身来像熟人似的拍着希尔比的肩又说，“哎，把那女奴隶卖给我行吗？我出什么价你能接受？你要价多少？”
“赫利先生，我不会卖掉她的，”希尔比先生说，“即使你付与她同样重的金子，我妻子也不会答应让她走的。”
“哎，女人总是这样小家子气，因为她们算不清账。如果你告诉她们，那么重的金子能买多少块钟表，多少个小饰物，她们就会改变主意，不再那样说了。”
希尔比先生语气坚定地说：“赫利，我说不行，就是不行。你不要再提这件事了。”
知识积累
①apparently adv.看来；显然
②identify vt.确定
③ripple n.波纹
④complexion n.肤色
⑤gaze vt.注视
⑥delicately adv.纤细地
素养链接
《汤姆叔叔的小屋》这部小说被认为是刺激19世纪50年代废奴主义兴起的一大原因。《汤姆叔叔的小屋》对美国社会的影响是如此巨大，以至于在南北战争爆发的初期，林肯接见斯托夫人时说：“你就是那位引发了一场大战的小妇人。” 后来，这句话为众多作家引用。
