中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
热点时事话题专练20疾病与养生
主要内容
完形填空 Ailson Malmon建立了Active Minds的组织来帮助患有心理问题的人们
阅读理解 如今越来越多的美国本科生患有精神疾病的问题，列举了大学生心理健康问题的具体数据和要解决这一问题应该采取的措施
伦敦大学学院领导的一项新研究发现，长期从事消极思维模式可能会增加患阿尔茨海默病的风险
夜猫子可能更容易患心脏病和糖尿病的研究
好好照顾你的牙齿可能与更好的大脑健康有关
任务型阅读 几种在30之内改善健康状况的简便方法
语法填空 日常生活中喝水的重要性
写作 校英文报Sports and Health专栏正在征稿，邀请你推荐一项适合中学生的健身项目
一、完形填空
（2021·昆明模拟）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Alison
Malmon was a freshman when she got a call from her mother: Her fun, outgoing
older brother, Brian, had taken his own 1． .
When
Malmon returned to school after Brian's funeral that spring of 2000, she was
still 2． . But when she looked
for help on campus, there was nobody to 3． Back then, said Malmon, "Students
weren't encouraged
to talk about their worries about 4． . I started 5． on the fact that there was a great need to
give help."
She was
only 19 and had no 6． with mental health issues, but that didn't 7． her from launching Open Minds at Penn. Now, 20 years later
and with a new name - Active Minds - it is
the largest young adult mental health advocacy 8． in America. "What V m most 9． by is that my
generation and the generations coming behind me are taking on mental health as
a social justice 10． " says Malmon. "Our tools are changing not only their campuses,
but they're 11． their families too."
Active
Minds' techniques are more 12． than ever. A survey found that 45 percent of
students reported feeling so 13． in the previous months that it was difficult
to function; 66 percent felt overwhelming anxiety; and 13 percent 14． considered suicide (自杀).
Malmon's
goal has always been to 15． the prejudice against mental illness, the language
and 16． the word we use to talk about it. Take the word suicide for
example. You don't say" commit a heart attack or cancer", 17． you will say "commit suicide".
Suicide is the only death where we use that pejorative (贬低 的) word, she says. "If we take that 18． out of our
conversation, we can make significant changes in how we 19． suicide to the point. If we change, we can
give the people the 20． they reach out for."
1．A．life B．business C．opportunity D．decision
2．A．in high spirits B．in deep sorrow
C．at risk D．at rest
3．A．pick up B．take over C．show off D．turn to
4．A．financial issues B．academic
learning
C．mental health D．physical health
5．A．calling B．insisting C．depending D．reflecting
6．A．experience B．proposal C．opinion D．duty
7．A．ban B．stop C．protect D．defend
8．A．corporation B．branch C．organization D．institute
9．A．discouraged B．affected C．inspired D．astonished
10．A．focus B．practice C．responsibility D．issue
11．A．challenging B．changing C．connecting D．ruining
12．A．vital B．complex C．casual D．simple
13．A．confused B．depressed C．relieved D．satisfied
14．A．partly B．totally C．slightly D．seriously
15．A．rid B．ignore C．understand D．advocate
16．A．also B．even C．still D．ever
17．A．but B．so C．and D．or
18．A．phrase B．word C．sentence D．grammar
19．A．approve of B．give up C．think about D．make out
20．A．confidence B．gratefulness C．admiration D．assistance
二、阅读理解
（2021·安庆模拟）阅读理解
Mental
health and happiness are important to student success in higher education but rarely
get the attention they need. Colleges and universities in the United States have
been seeing increases in mental illness among students for decades. Promoting student
mental health and emotional happiness on campus requires more than a well-functioning
counseling center. It calls for a campus-wide commitment action plan.
American
undergraduate students have been reporting increasing rates of anxiety, depression
and substance use for decades. In the 2018–2019 Healthy Minds Study (HMS) survey,
40% of about 300,000 students at some 300 colleges and universities reported experiencing
a mental health problem, and 60% said they were having difficulty accessing mental
health care on campus or in the community. Other studies estimate that the dropout
rate for U.S. undergraduate students with mental health problems is over 40%, and
that the popularity of mental health problems among graduate students is six times
that of the general population.
Most
academic institutions provide some mental health services, often through a counseling
center. But no matter how good that center is, it alone cannot solve the problems.
An important early step is for each institution to assess the extent of the crisis
on its campus and whether there are enough treatment services either at the institution
or in the local community. Another important question is whether there are elements
of the institution's own environment or culture that contribute to the problems
that students are experiencing, like unreasonable workloads or deadlines for assignments.
Every
college and university should carry out a comprehensive action plan to achieve this
goal. This may require additional resources during a trying time for institutional
budgets. But supporting the whole student is so important that financial priorities
should be rearranged.
21．What happens to undergraduate students in America
A．They pay little attention to higher education.
B．Increasing students suffer from mental illness.
C．They are lacking in a sense of happiness.
D．They lose confidence in the future careers.
22．What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about
A．Terrible dropout rates. B．Decreasing general population.
C．Emotional happiness. D．Mentally healthy problems.
23．What is the key solution to fixing the problems
A．Analyzing the present situation.
B．Opening more counseling centers.
C．Offering free mental health services.
D．Reducing unreasonable workloads.
24．How can we put a comprehensive action plan into practice
A．By giving some useful advice. B．By offering financial support.
C．By turning to the government. D．By getting enough trying time.
（2024高三上·徐汇） 阅读短文，回答问题
Persistently engaging in negative thinking patterns may raise the risk of Alzheimer's disease, finds a new UCL-led study.
In the study of people aged over 55, published in Alzheimer's & Dementia, researchers found 'repetitive negative thinking' (RNT) is linked to subsequent cognitive decline as well as the deposition (沉积) of harmful brain proteins linked to Alzheimer's.
Lead author Dr Natalie Marchant (UCL Psychiatry) said: "Depression and anxiety in mid-life and old age are already known to be risk factors for dementia(痴呆). Here, we found that certain thinking patterns implicated in depression and anxiety could be an underlying reason why people with those disorders are more likely to develop dementia.
"We hope that our findings could be used to develop strategies to lower people's risk of dementia by helping them to reduce their negative thinking patterns. "
For the Alzheimer's Society-supported study, the research team from UCL, INSERM and McGill University studied 292 people over the age of 55 who were part of the PREVENT-AD cohort study, and a further 68 people from the IMAP+ cohort.
Over a period of two years, the study participants responded to questions about how they typically think about negative experiences, focusing on RNT patterns like rumination (沉思) about the past and worry about the future. The participants also completed measures of depression and anxiety symptoms.
Their cognitive function was assessed measuring memory, attention, spatial cognition, and language. Some (113) of the participants also underwent PET brain scans, measuring deposits of tau and amyloid, two proteins which cause the most common type of dementia, Alzheimer's disease, when they build up in the brain.
The researchers found that people who exhibited higher RNT patterns experienced more cognitive decline over a four-year period, and declines in memory (which is among the earlier signs of Alzheimer's disease), and they were more likely to have amyloid and tau deposits in their brain.
"We propose that repetitive negative thinking may be a new risk factor for dementia as it could contribute to dementia in a unique way, " said Dr Marchant.
The researchers suggest that RNT may contribute to Alzheimer's risk via its impact on indicators of stress such as high blood pressure, as other studies have found that physiological stress can contribute to amyloid and tau deposition.
Co-author Dr Gael Chételat commented: "Our thoughts can have a biological impact on our physical health, which might be positive or negative. Mental training practices such as meditation might help promoting positive- while down-regulating negative-associated mental schemes.
"Looking after your mental health is important, and it should be a major public health priority, as it's not only important for people's health and well-being in the short term, but it could also impact your eventual risk of dementia. "
25．Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is linked to ____.
A．thinking approach improvement in later years
B．later cognitive decline and the deposit of harmful brain proteins.
C．anxiety disorders which occurs in females solely
D．individuals of younger age, which is turning into a trend
26．According to Dr. Natalie Marchant, certain thinking patterns ____.
A．have no substantial impact on dementia
B．are primary contributors to depression and anxiety disorders
C．could be a reason why some people are more likely to get dementia.
D．Relevant primarily in mid-life, not in old age
27．In the study over a period of two years, the participants were asked about their ____.
A．favorite personal experiences
B．daily routines and habits
C．typical thinking about negative experiences
D．perspectives on various mental health practices
28．What do the researchers propose as a potential new risk factor for dementia
A．Depression and anxiety disorders
B．Accumulation of amyloid and tau deposits in the brain
C．Repetitive positive thinking patterns
D．Repetitive negative thinking patterns
（2024高三上·云南模拟） 阅读理解
Night owls may be prone to heart disease and diabetes (糖尿病) than early birds because their bodies are less able to burn fat for energy, U. S. researchers say. People who rise early rely more on fat as an energy source. They are often more active in the day than those who stay up later, meaning fat may build up more easily in night owls, the scientists found.
The findings may help explain why night owls are at greater risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. They may also help doctors to identify patients early on who are more likely to develop the conditions.
The researchers divided 51 fat middle-aged adults into early birds and night owls, depending on their answers to a questionnaire on sleeping and activity habits. They monitored the volunteers' activity pattern for a week and tested their bodies' fuel preference at rest and while performing moderate or high-intensity exercise on a treadmill.
In Experimental Physiology, the team described how early birds were more sensitive to blood levels of the hormone insulin (胰岛素) and burned more fat than night owls while at rest and during exercise. The night owls were less sensitive to insulin and their bodies favored carbohydrates over fat as an energy source.
Prof Steven Malin, a senior author on the study and an expert in metabolism, said it was unclear why differences in metabolism were seen in night owls and early birds. But one possibility, he believes, is a mismatch between the time people go to bed and wake the next morning and the circadian rhythms (昼夜节奏) that govern their body clocks.
The findings could affect discussions around the health risks of night-shift work and even changing the clocks to suit daylight hours. "If we promote a timing pattern that is out of sync with nature, it could worsen health risks, " Malin said. "Whether dietary patterns or activity can help reduce these is an area we hope becomes clear in time. "
29．How do night owls differ from early birds according to the research
A．They are more able to burn fat.
B．They are less active in the night.
C．They are more likely to have some conditions.
D．They are less likely to build up fat in their body.
30．How did the researchers group the volunteers
A．By enquiring questions about their lives.
B．By recording their exercise levels.
C．By testing their bodies' fuel preference.
D．By monitoring their activity pattern.
31．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A．A brief introduction to the research method.
B．A detailed account of the research findings.
C．Supporting evidence for the research results.
D．Reasonable doubt about the research process.
32．What does the underlined phrase "out of sync" in Paragraph 6 refer to
A．Out of order. B．Out of control.
C．Not in agreement. D．Not in connection.
（2024高三上·陕西模拟） 阅读理解
Taking good care of your teeth may be linked to better brain health, according to a study published in the July 5, 2023, online issue of Neurology. "Our study found that gum(牙龈) disease and tooth loss were linked to brain shrinkage(萎缩)in the hippocampus, which plays a role in memory and Alzheimer's disease, "said study author Satoshi Yamaguchi, Ph. D. of Tohoku University in Sendai, Japan.
The study involved 172 people without memory problems. Their average age was 67. Participants had dental exams and took memory tests at the beginning of the study. They also had brain scans to measure the volume of their hippocampus at the beginning of the study. This was measured again four years later. For each participant, researchers counted the number of teeth and checked for amount of gum disease.
Researchers found that the number of teeth and amount of gum disease was linked to changes in the left hippocampus of the brain. For people with mild gum disease, having fewer teeth was associated with a faster rate of brain shrinkage, which is the same for people with severe gum disease having more teeth. After adjusting for age, researchers found that for people with mild gum disease, the increase in the rate of brain shrinkage due to one less tooth was equal to nearly one year of brain aging. By contrast, for people with severe gum disease, the increase in brain shrinkage due to one more tooth was equal to 1. 3 years of brain aging.
"These results highlight the importance of preserving the health of the teeth and not just maintaining the teeth, "Yamaguchi said. "The findings suggest that controlling the progression of gum disease through regular dental visits is crucial, and that teeth with severe gum disease may need to be removed and replaced with appropriate false ones. "
Yamaguchi said future studies are needed with larger groups of people. The limitation of the study is that it was conducted in one region of Japan, so the results may not be applied toot her locations.
33．What is Yamaguchi's study mainly about
A．Causes of gum disease.
B．The symptoms of brain shrinkage.
C．Ways to take good care of one's teeth.
D．The connection between the teeth and the brain.
34．How did researchers reach the conclusion
A．By making comparisons.
B．By referring to previous studies.
C．By conducting a survey among dentists.
D．By proving experts' theory in experiments.
35．What do the research findings indicate
A．Gum disease is increasing among people.
B．Keeping teeth healthy is of great importance.
C．Removing natural teeth is bad for dental health.
D．Doing a routine dental checkup can avoid gum disease.
36．What is expected of the future studies according to Yamaguchi
A．Exploring treatments for gum disease.
B．Seeking new methods to improve brain health.
C．Involving people from other places in the research.
D．Applying the research to relieve Alzheimer's disease.
三、任务型阅读
（2023高三下·杭州模拟）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We all know that leading a healthy lifestyle is essential, but sometimes it's hard to stick to good habits. If you're looking to make some changes and improve your health, this blog post is for you! 37．
Get moving
It's no secret that exercise is good for you. Not only does it help to improve your overall health, but it can also boost your mood and increase your energy levels. 38． This could include going for a brisk walk, riding your bike, or taking a fitness class. There's no need to go all out. Even moderate activity around your house, such as working in your garden, can benefit significantly.
Reduce or get rid of sugar
Sugar can cause inflammation (发炎) and worsen existing health conditions like diabetes and heart disease. 39． When you cut sugar out of your diet, you'll likely notice an improvement in your energy levels, mental clarity, and overall sense of well-being. You may even drop a few pounds.
Drink more water
Your body comprises about 60% water. It helps flush toxins from your body, carry nutrients to your cells, and keep your skin healthy. It helps improve your mood and energy levels and helps you lose weight. 40． Also, it may surprise you how much better you feel.
Get enough sleep
A good night's sleep is one of the best things you can do for your health and wellness. When you sleep enough, your body has adequate time to recharge and heal from the day's activities, which also helps to improve focus and concentration, and help boost your mood. 41．
A. It can also lead to weight gain and make you feel exhausted.
B. You may have heard the advice to drink eight glasses of water a day.
C. These tips can help you get the restful sleep you need to feel your best.
D. Here are some simple tips that can help you turn things around within 30 days.
E. So next time you're feeling tired, reach for a glass of water instead of a cup of coffee.
F. One way to make exercising easier is to set a daily goal of 30 minutes of physical activity.
G. However, when you don't get enough rest, you're more likely to have trouble concentrating.
四、语法填空
（2023高三上·资阳模拟） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
"Exercise for an hour every day, and we can work happily for thirty years. " 42． (similar), if we drink a little more water every day, we will be much 43． (healthy). A healthy diet is made up of water and 44． large number of different kinds of foods. We know that healthy foods like fruit, vegetables and fish 45． (be) important as they provide us with energy and fiber, without giving us too much fat and sugar.
But why is water important The human body needs water 46． (survive). Water is important as it 47． (carry) poisons and waste out of our bodies. Some doctors think water is important for our health 48． all kinds of ways. They believe a great many 49． (ill) and health problems are a result of a lack of water in the body. It is surprising to learn that 50． we feel thirsty, we are already in the first stage of dehydration (脱水). In fact, we 51． (advise) to drink water before we feel thirsty by many doctors.
五、书面表达
52．（2021·孝义模拟）你校英文报Sports and Health专栏正在征稿，邀请你推荐一项适合中学生的健身项目，要点包括：
1）项目名称；
2）推荐理由。
注意：
1）词数100左右；
2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
热点时事话题专练20疾病与养生
主要内容
完形填空 Ailson Malmon建立了Active Minds的组织来帮助患有心理问题的人们
阅读理解 如今越来越多的美国本科生患有精神疾病的问题，列举了大学生心理健康问题的具体数据和要解决这一问题应该采取的措施
伦敦大学学院领导的一项新研究发现，长期从事消极思维模式可能会增加患阿尔茨海默病的风险
夜猫子可能更容易患心脏病和糖尿病的研究
好好照顾你的牙齿可能与更好的大脑健康有关
任务型阅读 几种在30之内改善健康状况的简便方法
语法填空 日常生活中喝水的重要性
写作 校英文报Sports and Health专栏正在征稿，邀请你推荐一项适合中学生的健身项目
一、完形填空
（2021·昆明模拟）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Alison
Malmon was a freshman when she got a call from her mother: Her fun, outgoing
older brother, Brian, had taken his own 1． .
When
Malmon returned to school after Brian's funeral that spring of 2000, she was
still 2． . But when she looked
for help on campus, there was nobody to 3． Back then, said Malmon, "Students
weren't encouraged
to talk about their worries about 4． . I started 5． on the fact that there was a great need to
give help."
She was
only 19 and had no 6． with mental health issues, but that didn't 7． her from launching Open Minds at Penn. Now, 20 years later
and with a new name - Active Minds - it is
the largest young adult mental health advocacy 8． in America. "What V m most 9． by is that my
generation and the generations coming behind me are taking on mental health as
a social justice 10． " says Malmon. "Our tools are changing not only their campuses,
but they're 11． their families too."
Active
Minds' techniques are more 12． than ever. A survey found that 45 percent of
students reported feeling so 13． in the previous months that it was difficult
to function; 66 percent felt overwhelming anxiety; and 13 percent 14． considered suicide (自杀).
Malmon's
goal has always been to 15． the prejudice against mental illness, the language
and 16． the word we use to talk about it. Take the word suicide for
example. You don't say" commit a heart attack or cancer", 17． you will say "commit suicide".
Suicide is the only death where we use that pejorative (贬低 的) word, she says. "If we take that 18． out of our
conversation, we can make significant changes in how we 19． suicide to the point. If we change, we can
give the people the 20． they reach out for."
1．A．life B．business C．opportunity D．decision
2．A．in high spirits B．in deep sorrow
C．at risk D．at rest
3．A．pick up B．take over C．show off D．turn to
4．A．financial issues B．academic
learning
C．mental health D．physical health
5．A．calling B．insisting C．depending D．reflecting
6．A．experience B．proposal C．opinion D．duty
7．A．ban B．stop C．protect D．defend
8．A．corporation B．branch C．organization D．institute
9．A．discouraged B．affected C．inspired D．astonished
10．A．focus B．practice C．responsibility D．issue
11．A．challenging B．changing C．connecting D．ruining
12．A．vital B．complex C．casual D．simple
13．A．confused B．depressed C．relieved D．satisfied
14．A．partly B．totally C．slightly D．seriously
15．A．rid B．ignore C．understand D．advocate
16．A．also B．even C．still D．ever
17．A．but B．so C．and D．or
18．A．phrase B．word C．sentence D．grammar
19．A．approve of B．give up C．think about D．make out
20．A．confidence B．gratefulness C．admiration D．assistance
【答案】1．A；2．B；3．D；4．C；5．D；6．A；7．B；8．C；9．C；10．D；11．B；12．A；13．B；14．D；15．A；16．B；17．A；18．B；19．C；20．D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Ailson Malmon在大一时，痛失自己挚爱的哥哥而产生心理问题，却没能得到帮助的经历从而建立了Active Minds的组织来帮助患有心理问题的人们。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及副词，动词，名词，形容词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
1．句意：她有趣、外向的哥哥Brian自杀了。A. life“生活”；B. business“生意”；C. opportunity“机会”；D. decision“决定”。根据下文“When Malmon returned to school after Brian's funeral that spring of 2000”可知，Malmon 参加了哥哥的葬礼。可知哥哥自杀了，所以是拿走了自己的生命。故选A。
2．句意：2000年春天，当马尔蒙参加完布莱恩的葬礼回到学校时，她仍然沉浸在深深的悲伤中。A. in high spirits“情绪高涨”；B. in deep sorrow“深深地痛苦”；C. at risk“冒险”；D. at rest“休息”。根据上文可知哥哥自杀了，Malmon处于悲痛之中。故选B。
3．句意：但当她在校园里寻求帮助时，却无人可求助。A. pick up“捡起”；B. take over“接管”；C. show off“炫耀”; D. turn to“求助于”。根据上文“But when she looked for help on campus”可知，Malmon想寻求帮助，却没有人帮她。故选D。
4．句意：学生不被鼓励谈论他们对心理健康的担忧。A. financial issues“财务问题”；B. academic learning“学术学习”；C. mental health“心理健康”；D. physical health“身体健康”。根据下文“She was only 19 and had no 6 with mental health issues”可知，学校里的学生不被鼓励去谈论自己的心理健康问题。故选C。
5．句意：我开始思考这样一个事实，那就是我们非常需要帮助。A. calling“叫”；B. insisting“坚持”；C. depending“依靠”；D. reflecting“反映”。作者想到有大批人需要得到帮助。reflect on 固定短语，“思考，反省”。故选D。
6．句意：她当时只有19岁，没有精神健康问题的经历，但这并没有阻止她在宾夕法尼亚大学创办“开放思想。A. experience“经验”；B. proposal“提议”；C. opinion“意见”；D. duty“责任”。根据上文可知Malmon才有19岁，没有应对心理问题的经验。故选A。
7．句意：她当时只有19岁，没有精神健康问题的经历，但这并没有阻止她在宾夕法尼亚大学创办“开放思想。A. ban“禁止”；B. stop“阻止”；C. protect“保护”；D. defend“保卫”。根据but的转折关系可知，虽然没有经验却不能阻止她发起Open Minds 的决心。故选B。
8．句意: 20年后的今天，它有了一个新名字——“活跃的头脑”——它是美国最大的年轻人心理健康倡导组织。A. corporation“合作”；B. branch“分支”；C. organization“组织”；D. institute“机构”。根据上文可知20年后，Open Minds发展成为美国最大的青年心理健康宣传组织。故选C。
9．句意：我最受启发的是，我这一代和我身后的几代人正在把心理健康作为一个社会正义问题来看待。A. discouraged“失望”；B. affected“影响”；C. inspired“鼓舞”；D. astonished“使吃惊”。根据下文可知，Malmo最受鼓舞的事情就是她这一代以及下一代正在把心理问题当作一个社会公正性问题。故选C。
10．句意：我最受启发的是，我这一代和我身后的几代人正在把心理健康作为一个社会正义问题来看待。 A. focus“集中”；B. practice“练习”；C. responsibility“责任”；D. issue“问题”。结合常识，心理健康是一种社会问题。故选D。
11．句意：我们的工具不仅改变了他们的校园，也改变了他们的家庭。A. challenging“挑战”；B. changing“改变”；C. connecting“联系”；D. ruining“毁灭”。根据上文“Our tools are changing not only”可知。此处改变是两处的。故选B。
12．句意：“活跃思维”的技巧比以往任何时候都更为重要。A. vital“重要的”；B. complex“复杂的”；C. casual“随意的”；D. simple“简单的”。根据下文“A survey found that 45 percent of students reported feeling so 13 in the previous months that it was difficult to function; 66 percent felt overwhelming anxiety; and 13 percent 14 considered suicide”可知，调查发现，45%的学生觉得抑郁，66%的学生处于完全焦虑；13%严重的学生考虑自杀，可知Active Minds 比以前更重要了。故选A。
13．句意：一项调查发现，45%的学生报告说，在过去的几个月里，他们感到非常抑郁，难以正常生活; 66%的人感到极度焦虑。A. confused“困惑的”；B. depressed“抑郁的”；C. relieved“放心的”；D. satisfied“满足的”。根据下文“it was difficult to function”可知，此处表示抑郁。故选B。
14．句意：13%严重的学生考虑自杀。A. partly“部分地”；B. totally“完整地”；C. slightly“轻微地”；D. seriously“严重地”。根据下文提到的自杀，表示严重的行为。故选D。
15．句意：Malmon的目标一直是消除对精神疾病的偏见。A. rid“摆脱，消除”；B. ignore“忽视”；C. understand“理解”；D. advocate“提倡”。根据下文可知，Malmon's 的目标是消除对心理疾病的偏见。故选A。
16．句意：语言，甚至我们用来谈论它的词。A. also“也”；B. even“甚至”；C. still“仍然”；D. ever“曾经”。从语言到词语，表示程度上的递进。故选B。
17．句意：你不会说“犯心脏病或癌症”，但你会说“自杀”。A. but“但是”；B. so“所以”；C. and“和”；D. or“或者”。根据上文，此处表示转折关系。故选A。
18．句意: 如果我们把这个词从我们的对话中去掉，我们可以在我们对自杀的看法上做出重大改变。A. phrase“短语”；B. word“单词，言语”；C. sentence“单词”；D. grammar“语法”。故选B。
19．句意：如果我们把这个词从我们的对话中去掉，我们可以在我们对自杀的看法上做出重大改变。A. approve of“赞成”；B. give up“放弃”；C. think about“思考”；D. make out“理解”。根据本段描述可知，我们应该消除对心理疾病的偏见，如果我们在谈话中去除那个贬低的词语，我们能够改变对自杀的看法。故选C。
20．句意：如果我们改变了，我们才能给予他们想要的帮助。A. confidence“自信”；B. gratefulness“感激”；C. admiration“钦佩”；D. assistance“协助”。根据上文可知，患有心理疾病的人需要帮助。故选D。
二、阅读理解
（2021·安庆模拟）阅读理解
Mental
health and happiness are important to student success in higher education but rarely
get the attention they need. Colleges and universities in the United States have
been seeing increases in mental illness among students for decades. Promoting student
mental health and emotional happiness on campus requires more than a well-functioning
counseling center. It calls for a campus-wide commitment action plan.
American
undergraduate students have been reporting increasing rates of anxiety, depression
and substance use for decades. In the 2018–2019 Healthy Minds Study (HMS) survey,
40% of about 300,000 students at some 300 colleges and universities reported experiencing
a mental health problem, and 60% said they were having difficulty accessing mental
health care on campus or in the community. Other studies estimate that the dropout
rate for U.S. undergraduate students with mental health problems is over 40%, and
that the popularity of mental health problems among graduate students is six times
that of the general population.
Most
academic institutions provide some mental health services, often through a counseling
center. But no matter how good that center is, it alone cannot solve the problems.
An important early step is for each institution to assess the extent of the crisis
on its campus and whether there are enough treatment services either at the institution
or in the local community. Another important question is whether there are elements
of the institution's own environment or culture that contribute to the problems
that students are experiencing, like unreasonable workloads or deadlines for assignments.
Every
college and university should carry out a comprehensive action plan to achieve this
goal. This may require additional resources during a trying time for institutional
budgets. But supporting the whole student is so important that financial priorities
should be rearranged.
21．What happens to undergraduate students in America
A．They pay little attention to higher education.
B．Increasing students suffer from mental illness.
C．They are lacking in a sense of happiness.
D．They lose confidence in the future careers.
22．What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about
A．Terrible dropout rates. B．Decreasing general population.
C．Emotional happiness. D．Mentally healthy problems.
23．What is the key solution to fixing the problems
A．Analyzing the present situation.
B．Opening more counseling centers.
C．Offering free mental health services.
D．Reducing unreasonable workloads.
24．How can we put a comprehensive action plan into practice
A．By giving some useful advice. B．By offering financial support.
C．By turning to the government. D．By getting enough trying time.
【答案】21．B
22．D
23．A
24．B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如今越来越多的美国本科生患有精神疾病的问题，列举了大学生心理健康问题的具体数据和要解决这一问题应该采取的措施。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。
21．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Colleges and universities in the United States have been seeing increases in mental illness among students for decades.”几十年来，美国的学院和大学里学生患精神疾病的人数一直在增加。可知，越来越多的美国本科生患有精神疾病。故选B。
22．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“In the 2018–2019 Healthy Minds Study (HMS) survey, 40% of about 300,000 students at some 300 colleges and universities reported experiencing a mental health problem, and 60% said they were having difficulty accessing mental health care on campus or in the community. Other studies estimate that the dropout rate for U.S. undergraduate students with mental health problems is over 40%, and that the popularity of mental health problems among graduate students is six times that of the general population.”在2018到2019年健康心理研究调查中，约300所学院和大学的约30万名学生中有40%报告称经历过心理健康问题，60%表示他们在校园或社区难以获得心理健康护理。其他研究估计，有心理健康问题的美国本科生的辍学率超过40%，而心理健康问题在研究生中的流行程度是普通人群的六倍。可知，第二段中的统计数据关于心理健康问题。故选D。
23．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“An important early step is for each institution to assess the extent of the crisis on its campus and whether there are enough treatment services either at the institution or in the local community.“对每个机构来说，重要的早期步骤是评估其校园危机的程度，以及该机构或当地社区是否有足够的治疗服务。可知，解决问题的关键是分析现状。故选A。
24．考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Every college and university should carry out a comprehensive action plan to achieve this goal. This may require additional resources during a trying time for institutional budgets. But supporting the whole student is so important that financial priorities should be rearranged.”为实现这一目标，各高校应实施全面的行动计划。在机构预算的困难时期，这可能需要额外的资源。但是支持所有的学生是如此重要，所以经济上的优先事项应该重新安排。可知，我们可以通过提供资金支持来实施一项全面的行动计划。故选B。
（2024高三上·徐汇） 阅读短文，回答问题
Persistently engaging in negative thinking patterns may raise the risk of Alzheimer's disease, finds a new UCL-led study.
In the study of people aged over 55, published in Alzheimer's & Dementia, researchers found 'repetitive negative thinking' (RNT) is linked to subsequent cognitive decline as well as the deposition (沉积) of harmful brain proteins linked to Alzheimer's.
Lead author Dr Natalie Marchant (UCL Psychiatry) said: "Depression and anxiety in mid-life and old age are already known to be risk factors for dementia(痴呆). Here, we found that certain thinking patterns implicated in depression and anxiety could be an underlying reason why people with those disorders are more likely to develop dementia.
"We hope that our findings could be used to develop strategies to lower people's risk of dementia by helping them to reduce their negative thinking patterns. "
For the Alzheimer's Society-supported study, the research team from UCL, INSERM and McGill University studied 292 people over the age of 55 who were part of the PREVENT-AD cohort study, and a further 68 people from the IMAP+ cohort.
Over a period of two years, the study participants responded to questions about how they typically think about negative experiences, focusing on RNT patterns like rumination (沉思) about the past and worry about the future. The participants also completed measures of depression and anxiety symptoms.
Their cognitive function was assessed measuring memory, attention, spatial cognition, and language. Some (113) of the participants also underwent PET brain scans, measuring deposits of tau and amyloid, two proteins which cause the most common type of dementia, Alzheimer's disease, when they build up in the brain.
The researchers found that people who exhibited higher RNT patterns experienced more cognitive decline over a four-year period, and declines in memory (which is among the earlier signs of Alzheimer's disease), and they were more likely to have amyloid and tau deposits in their brain.
"We propose that repetitive negative thinking may be a new risk factor for dementia as it could contribute to dementia in a unique way, " said Dr Marchant.
The researchers suggest that RNT may contribute to Alzheimer's risk via its impact on indicators of stress such as high blood pressure, as other studies have found that physiological stress can contribute to amyloid and tau deposition.
Co-author Dr Gael Chételat commented: "Our thoughts can have a biological impact on our physical health, which might be positive or negative. Mental training practices such as meditation might help promoting positive- while down-regulating negative-associated mental schemes.
"Looking after your mental health is important, and it should be a major public health priority, as it's not only important for people's health and well-being in the short term, but it could also impact your eventual risk of dementia. "
25．Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is linked to ____.
A．thinking approach improvement in later years
B．later cognitive decline and the deposit of harmful brain proteins.
C．anxiety disorders which occurs in females solely
D．individuals of younger age, which is turning into a trend
26．According to Dr. Natalie Marchant, certain thinking patterns ____.
A．have no substantial impact on dementia
B．are primary contributors to depression and anxiety disorders
C．could be a reason why some people are more likely to get dementia.
D．Relevant primarily in mid-life, not in old age
27．In the study over a period of two years, the participants were asked about their ____.
A．favorite personal experiences
B．daily routines and habits
C．typical thinking about negative experiences
D．perspectives on various mental health practices
28．What do the researchers propose as a potential new risk factor for dementia
A．Depression and anxiety disorders
B．Accumulation of amyloid and tau deposits in the brain
C．Repetitive positive thinking patterns
D．Repetitive negative thinking patterns
【答案】25．B
26．C
27．C
28．D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了伦敦大学学院领导的一项新研究发现，长期从事消极思维模式可能会增加患阿尔茨海默病的风险。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
25．考查细节理解。根据第二段"In the study of people aged over 55, published in Alzheimer's & Dementia, researchers found ‘repetitive negative thinking' (RNT) is linked to subsequent cognitive decline as well as the deposition (沉积) of harmful brain proteins linked to Alzheimer's."发表在《阿尔茨海默病与痴呆症》杂志上的一项针对55岁以上人群的研究发现，"重复性消极思维"(RNT)与随后的认知能力下降以及与阿尔茨海默病相关的有害大脑蛋白质沉积有关。可知，重复消极思维(RNT)与后来的认知能力下降和有害大脑蛋白质的沉积有关。故选B。
26．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Here, we found that certain thinking patterns implicated in depression and anxiety could be an underlying reason why people with those disorders are more likely to develop dementia."在这里，我们发现与抑郁和焦虑有关的某些思维模式可能是患有这些疾病的人更容易患上痴呆症的潜在原因。"可知，根据Natalie Marchant博士的说法，某些思维模式可能是一些人更容易患痴呆症的原因。故选C。
27．考查细节理解。根据第六段中的"Over a period of two years, the study participants responded to questions about how they typically think about negative experiences, focusing on RNT patterns like rumination (沉思) about the past and worry about the future."在两年的时间里，研究参与者回答了他们通常如何看待负面经历的问题，重点关注RNT模式，如对过去的沉思和对未来的担忧。可知，在为期两年的研究中，参与者被问及他们对负面经历的典型思考。故选C。
28．考查细节理解。根据第九段"‘We propose that repetitive negative thinking may be a new risk factor for dementia as it could contribute to dementia in a unique way,' said Dr Marchant." 马尚特博士说:"我们认为，重复的消极思维可能是痴呆症的一个新的风险因素，因为它可能以一种独特的方式导致痴呆症。"可知，研究人员认为痴呆的潜在新危险因素是重复的消极思维模式。故选D。
（2024高三上·云南模拟） 阅读理解
Night owls may be prone to heart disease and diabetes (糖尿病) than early birds because their bodies are less able to burn fat for energy, U. S. researchers say. People who rise early rely more on fat as an energy source. They are often more active in the day than those who stay up later, meaning fat may build up more easily in night owls, the scientists found.
The findings may help explain why night owls are at greater risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. They may also help doctors to identify patients early on who are more likely to develop the conditions.
The researchers divided 51 fat middle-aged adults into early birds and night owls, depending on their answers to a questionnaire on sleeping and activity habits. They monitored the volunteers' activity pattern for a week and tested their bodies' fuel preference at rest and while performing moderate or high-intensity exercise on a treadmill.
In Experimental Physiology, the team described how early birds were more sensitive to blood levels of the hormone insulin (胰岛素) and burned more fat than night owls while at rest and during exercise. The night owls were less sensitive to insulin and their bodies favored carbohydrates over fat as an energy source.
Prof Steven Malin, a senior author on the study and an expert in metabolism, said it was unclear why differences in metabolism were seen in night owls and early birds. But one possibility, he believes, is a mismatch between the time people go to bed and wake the next morning and the circadian rhythms (昼夜节奏) that govern their body clocks.
The findings could affect discussions around the health risks of night-shift work and even changing the clocks to suit daylight hours. "If we promote a timing pattern that is out of sync with nature, it could worsen health risks, " Malin said. "Whether dietary patterns or activity can help reduce these is an area we hope becomes clear in time. "
29．How do night owls differ from early birds according to the research
A．They are more able to burn fat.
B．They are less active in the night.
C．They are more likely to have some conditions.
D．They are less likely to build up fat in their body.
30．How did the researchers group the volunteers
A．By enquiring questions about their lives.
B．By recording their exercise levels.
C．By testing their bodies' fuel preference.
D．By monitoring their activity pattern.
31．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A．A brief introduction to the research method.
B．A detailed account of the research findings.
C．Supporting evidence for the research results.
D．Reasonable doubt about the research process.
32．What does the underlined phrase "out of sync" in Paragraph 6 refer to
A．Out of order. B．Out of control.
C．Not in agreement. D．Not in connection.
【答案】29．C
30．A
31．B
32．C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了夜猫子可能更容易患心脏病和糖尿病的研究。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇医学类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
29．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Night owls may be prone to heart disease and diabetes (糖尿病) than early birds because their bodies are less able to burn fat for energy, U.S. researchers say. "美国研究人员称，夜猫子比早起的鸟儿更容易患心脏病和糖尿病，因为他们的身体燃烧脂肪获取能量的能力较弱。可知，"夜猫子"更有可能患有某些疾病。故选C。
30．考查细节理解。根据第三段中"The researchers divided 51 fat middle-aged adults into early birds and night owls, depending on their answers to a questionnaire on sleeping and activity habits. "研究人员根据51名肥胖中年人对睡眠和活动习惯问卷的回答，将他们分为"早起鸟"和"夜猫子"两组。可知，研究人员通过问卷询问志愿者的生活问题来对志愿者进行分组。故选A。
31．考查段落大意。根据第四段"In Experimental Physiology , the team described how early birds were more sensitive to blood levels of the hormone insulin (胰岛素) and burned more fat than night owls while at rest and during exercise. The night owls were less sensitive to insulin and their bodies favored carbohydrates over fat as an energy source."在《实验生理学》中，研究小组描述了"早起鸟"在休息和运动时对血液中胰岛素激素水平更敏感，燃烧的脂肪也比"夜猫子"多。"夜猫子"对胰岛素不太敏感，他们的身体更喜欢碳水化合物而不是脂肪作为能量来源。可知，第四段详细介绍了研究结果，即研究发现"早起鸟"对血液中胰岛素激素水平更敏感，燃烧的脂肪也比"夜猫子"多，而"夜猫子"对胰岛素不太敏感，他们的身体更喜欢碳水化合物而不是脂肪作为能量来源。故选B。
32．考查词义猜测。根据第五段"Prof Steven Malin, a senior author on the study and an expert in metabolism, said it was unclear why differences in metabolism were seen in night owls and early birds. But one possibility, he believes, is a mismatch between the time people go to bed and wake the next morning and the circadian rhythms (昼夜节奏) that govern their body clocks."该研究的资深作者、新陈代谢专家史蒂文·马林教授说，目前还不清楚为什么"夜猫子"和"早起鸟"在新陈代谢方面存在差异。但他认为，一种可能是，人们睡觉和第二天早上醒来的时间与控制生物钟的昼夜节律不匹配。可知，专家推测是人们睡觉和第二天早上醒来的时间与控制生物钟的昼夜节律不匹配导致了"夜猫子"和"早起鸟"在新陈代谢方面的差异，即我们与自然昼夜节律不致的时间模式导致差异；以及最后一段中的"If we promote a timing pattern that is out of sync with nature, it could worsen health risks,"如果我们提倡一种与自然……的时间模式，可能会加剧健康风险，可推知，这里说的也是时间模式与自然节律不一致，out of sync (with)与not in agreement (with)意思一致。故选C。
（2024高三上·陕西模拟） 阅读理解
Taking good care of your teeth may be linked to better brain health, according to a study published in the July 5, 2023, online issue of Neurology. "Our study found that gum(牙龈) disease and tooth loss were linked to brain shrinkage(萎缩)in the hippocampus, which plays a role in memory and Alzheimer's disease, "said study author Satoshi Yamaguchi, Ph. D. of Tohoku University in Sendai, Japan.
The study involved 172 people without memory problems. Their average age was 67. Participants had dental exams and took memory tests at the beginning of the study. They also had brain scans to measure the volume of their hippocampus at the beginning of the study. This was measured again four years later. For each participant, researchers counted the number of teeth and checked for amount of gum disease.
Researchers found that the number of teeth and amount of gum disease was linked to changes in the left hippocampus of the brain. For people with mild gum disease, having fewer teeth was associated with a faster rate of brain shrinkage, which is the same for people with severe gum disease having more teeth. After adjusting for age, researchers found that for people with mild gum disease, the increase in the rate of brain shrinkage due to one less tooth was equal to nearly one year of brain aging. By contrast, for people with severe gum disease, the increase in brain shrinkage due to one more tooth was equal to 1. 3 years of brain aging.
"These results highlight the importance of preserving the health of the teeth and not just maintaining the teeth, "Yamaguchi said. "The findings suggest that controlling the progression of gum disease through regular dental visits is crucial, and that teeth with severe gum disease may need to be removed and replaced with appropriate false ones. "
Yamaguchi said future studies are needed with larger groups of people. The limitation of the study is that it was conducted in one region of Japan, so the results may not be applied toot her locations.
33．What is Yamaguchi's study mainly about
A．Causes of gum disease.
B．The symptoms of brain shrinkage.
C．Ways to take good care of one's teeth.
D．The connection between the teeth and the brain.
34．How did researchers reach the conclusion
A．By making comparisons.
B．By referring to previous studies.
C．By conducting a survey among dentists.
D．By proving experts' theory in experiments.
35．What do the research findings indicate
A．Gum disease is increasing among people.
B．Keeping teeth healthy is of great importance.
C．Removing natural teeth is bad for dental health.
D．Doing a routine dental checkup can avoid gum disease.
36．What is expected of the future studies according to Yamaguchi
A．Exploring treatments for gum disease.
B．Seeking new methods to improve brain health.
C．Involving people from other places in the research.
D．Applying the research to relieve Alzheimer's disease.
【答案】33．D
34．A
35．B
36．C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，根据发表在2023年7月5日《神经病学》在线期刊上的一项研究，好好照顾你的牙齿可能与更好的大脑健康有关。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
33．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Our study found that gum (龈) disease and tooth loss were linked to brain shrinkage (萎缩) in the hippocampus (海马体) , which plays a role in memory and Alzheimer's disease"我们的研究发现，牙龈疾病和牙齿脱落与海马体的大脑萎缩有关，海马体在记忆和阿尔茨海默病中起着重要作用。可知，Yamaguchi的研究主要是关于牙齿健康与大脑之间的联系。故选D。
34．考查推理判断。根据第三段"Researchers found that the number of teeth and amount of gum disease was linked to changes in the left hippocampus of the brain. For people with mild gum disease, having fewer teeth was associated with a faster rate of brain shrinkage, which is the same for people with severe gum disease having more teeth. After adjusting for age, researchers found that for people with mild gum disease, the increase in the rate of brain shrinkage due to one less tooth was equal to nearly one year of brain aging. By contrast, for people with severe gum disease the increase in brain shrinkage due to one more tooth was equal to 1.3 years of brain aging."研究人员发现，牙齿的数量和牙龈疾病的数量与大脑左侧海马体的变化有关。对于患有轻度牙龈疾病的人来说，牙齿较少与大脑萎缩速度更快有关，对于患有严重牙龈疾病的人来说，牙齿较多也是如此。在对年龄进行调整后，研究人员发现，对于患有轻度牙龈疾病的人来说，由于少了一颗牙齿而增加的大脑萎缩率相当于近一年的大脑衰老。相比之下，对于患有严重牙龈疾病的人来说，多一颗牙齿导致的大脑萎缩的增加相当于1.3年的大脑衰老。可知，研究人员是通过作比较来得出结论的。故选A。
35．考查细节理解。根据第四段"These results highlight the importance of preserving the health of the teeth and not just maintaining the teeth"这些结果突出了保护牙齿健康的重要性，而不仅仅是维护牙齿。可知，研究结果表明保持牙齿健康非常重要。故选B。
36．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"The limitation of the study is that it was conducted in one region of Japan, so the results may not be applied to other locations. "这项研究的局限性在于它是在日本的一个地区进行的，因此结果可能不适用于其他地区。可知，目前的研究只局限于日本的一个地区，所以可以推测未来的研究希望会让其他地区的人参与进来。故选C。
三、任务型阅读
（2023高三下·杭州模拟）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We all know that leading a healthy lifestyle is essential, but sometimes it's hard to stick to good habits. If you're looking to make some changes and improve your health, this blog post is for you! 37．
Get moving
It's no secret that exercise is good for you. Not only does it help to improve your overall health, but it can also boost your mood and increase your energy levels. 38． This could include going for a brisk walk, riding your bike, or taking a fitness class. There's no need to go all out. Even moderate activity around your house, such as working in your garden, can benefit significantly.
Reduce or get rid of sugar
Sugar can cause inflammation (发炎) and worsen existing health conditions like diabetes and heart disease. 39． When you cut sugar out of your diet, you'll likely notice an improvement in your energy levels, mental clarity, and overall sense of well-being. You may even drop a few pounds.
Drink more water
Your body comprises about 60% water. It helps flush toxins from your body, carry nutrients to your cells, and keep your skin healthy. It helps improve your mood and energy levels and helps you lose weight. 40． Also, it may surprise you how much better you feel.
Get enough sleep
A good night's sleep is one of the best things you can do for your health and wellness. When you sleep enough, your body has adequate time to recharge and heal from the day's activities, which also helps to improve focus and concentration, and help boost your mood. 41．
A. It can also lead to weight gain and make you feel exhausted.
B. You may have heard the advice to drink eight glasses of water a day.
C. These tips can help you get the restful sleep you need to feel your best.
D. Here are some simple tips that can help you turn things around within 30 days.
E. So next time you're feeling tired, reach for a glass of water instead of a cup of coffee.
F. One way to make exercising easier is to set a daily goal of 30 minutes of physical activity.
G. However, when you don't get enough rest, you're more likely to have trouble concentrating.
【答案】37．D；38．F；39．A；40．E；41．G
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几种在30之内改善健康状况的简便方法。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇介绍类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
37．根据空前"If you're looking to make some changes and improve your health, this blog post is for you"如果你想做出一些改变并改善你的健康状况，这篇博客文章是为你准备的；以及空后"Get moving"动起来，可推出下文讲的是有关改变并改善健康状况的方法技巧的过渡句，与D. Here are some simple tips that can help you turn things around within 30 days."以下是一些简单的技巧，可以帮助你在30天内扭转局面"表达的含义一致，故选D。
38．根据空后"This could include going for a brisk walk, riding your bike, or taking a fitness class."这可能包括快走、骑自行车或参加健身课程。可推出，上文讲的是设定每天的体育运动目标，与F. One way to make exercising easier is to set a daily goal of 30 minutes of physical activity."让锻炼变得更容易的一种方法是设定每天30分钟的体育活动目标"表达的含义一致，故选F。
39．根据空前"Sugar can cause inflammation and worsen existing health conditions like diabetes and heart disease"糖会引起炎症，并使糖尿病和心脏病等现有健康状况恶化。可推出，糖会引起健康状况恶化，下文继续讲的是糖会导致身体的其他不适，与A.It can also lead to weight gain and make you feel exhausted."它也会导致体重增加，让你感到筋疲力尽"表达的含义一致，故选A。
40．根据空前"Your body comprises about 60% water. It helps flush toxins from your body, carry nutrients to your cells, and keep your skin healthy. It helps improve your mood and energy levels and helps you lose weight."你的身体由大约60%的水组成。它有助于排出体内毒素，将营养物质输送到细胞中，保持皮肤健康。它有助于改善你的情绪和能量水平，帮助你减肥。可知，水有益于人的健康，因此下文讲的是感到不适的时候，要喝水，与E. So next time you're feeling tired, reach for a glass of water instead of a cup of coffee"所以下次你觉得累的时候，去拿一杯水，而不是一杯咖啡"表达的含义一致，故选E。
41．根据空前"When you sleep enough, your body has adequate time to recharge and heal from the day's activities, which also helps to improve focus and concentration, and help boost your mood."当你睡眠充足时，你的身体有足够的时间从一天的活动中充电和恢复，这也有助于提高注意力和集中度，并有助于提振你的情绪。提到睡眠充足有助于提高注意力和集中度，并有助于提振你的情绪，这是在强调睡眠充足的重要性，G. However, when you don't get enough rest, you're more likely to have trouble concentrating."然而，当你没有得到足够的休息时，你更有可能难以集中注意力"和上文是转折关系，强调睡眠不足会使注意力难以集中，此处也是在强调睡眠充足的重要性，故选G。
四、语法填空
（2023高三上·资阳模拟） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
"Exercise for an hour every day, and we can work happily for thirty years. " 42． (similar), if we drink a little more water every day, we will be much 43． (healthy). A healthy diet is made up of water and 44． large number of different kinds of foods. We know that healthy foods like fruit, vegetables and fish 45． (be) important as they provide us with energy and fiber, without giving us too much fat and sugar.
But why is water important The human body needs water 46． (survive). Water is important as it 47． (carry) poisons and waste out of our bodies. Some doctors think water is important for our health 48． all kinds of ways. They believe a great many 49． (ill) and health problems are a result of a lack of water in the body. It is surprising to learn that 50． we feel thirsty, we are already in the first stage of dehydration (脱水). In fact, we 51． (advise) to drink water before we feel thirsty by many doctors.
【答案】42．Similarly；43．healthier；44．a；45．are；46．to survive；47．carries；48．in；49．illnesses；50．when/if/once/as；51．are advised
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了日常生活中喝水的重要性。如果每天多喝一点水，人们去看医生的次数将会大大减少，健康的饮食应该包括水喝其它各种各样的食物，水能带走体内的毒素和废物，很多健康问题都是体内缺水造成的。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及副词，形容词，冠词，时态，主谓一致，非谓语动词，介词，名词，状语从句，语态以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
42．句意：同样，如果我们每天多喝水一点，我们就会更健康。此处副词修饰整个句子，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写，故填 Similarly 。
43．句意：同样，如果我们每天多喝水一点，我们就会更健康。此处形容词作表语，much后接比较级，故填healthier。
44．句意：健康的饮食是由水和大量不同种类的食物组成的。 a large number of 固定短语，"大量的"，故填a。
45．句意：我们知道，水果、蔬菜和鱼类等健康食品很重要，因为它们能为我们提供能量和纤维，而不会给我们过多的脂肪和糖。此处是宾语从句的谓语动词，陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语是 healthy foods ，故填are。
46．句意：人体需要水才能生存。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to survive。
47．句意：水很重要，因为它能将毒素和废物排出我们的身体。此处是原因状语从句的谓语动词，陈述的是一般事实，主语是it，故填carries。
48．句意：一些医生认为水在各个方面对我们的健康都很重要。"在......方面"，应用介词in，故填in。
49．句意：他们认为许多疾病和健康问题都是由于体内缺水造成的。此处名词作宾语从句的主语， a great many 后接复数名词，故填 illnesses 。
50．句意；令人惊讶的是，当/如果/一旦我们感到口渴时，我们已经处于脱水的第一阶段。 we feel thirsty 是状语从句，结合语境，可用when/as引导时间状语从句或者if/once引导的条件状语从句，故填when/if/once/as。
51．句意：事实上，许多医生建议我们在感到口渴之前先喝水。此处是谓语动词，与主语we之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，陈述的是一般事实，应用一般现在时，故填 are advised 。
五、书面表达
52．（2021·孝义模拟）你校英文报Sports and Health专栏正在征稿，邀请你推荐一项适合中学生的健身项目，要点包括：
1）项目名称；
2）推荐理由。
注意：
1）词数100左右；
2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【答案】 Walking is the easiest and simplest form of exercise to stay healthy and lose weight. Besides, walking is of great convenience. You can take a walk during the class breaks or after dinner. You can walk at a fast speed or just walk slowly around the campus, and it is up to you to decide where you will walk and whom you will walk with. Importantly, you can avoid some unnecessary injuries which often occur in other sports and all you need may be only a pair of sneakers.
Choose walking and begin your journey to good health and healthy life with each step.
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生写一份稿件。写作背景：你校英文报Sports and Health专栏正在征稿，邀请你推荐一项适合中学生的健身项目。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）项目名称；2）推荐理由。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如： Walking is the easiest and simplest form of exercise to stay healthy and lose weight. 运用了动名词作主语；You can walk at a fast speed or just walk slowly around the campus, and it is up to you to decide where you will walk and whom you will walk with. 运用了并列句，宾语从句；Importantly, you can avoid some unnecessary injuries which often occur in other sports and all you need may be only a pair of sneakers.运用了并列句，限制性定语从句；Choose walking and begin your journey to good health and healthy life with each step.。运用了祈使句，并列句。
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